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<div class="info"> <div class="meta author"><div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> 作者： </div> 高丽•范•古莉克（Gauri van Gulik） </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-link field-field-link-to-original-source"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> 发表于: </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610124049/http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2011/may/19/uk-domestic-violence-council-europe?CMP=twt_fd" target="_blank">《卫报》（The Guardian) </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="meta date"> <span class="created">2011年05月20年</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="widget-links"><ul class="widget-list"><li class="service-links-twitter-widget first"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610124049/http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fzh-hans%2Fnews%2F2011%2F05%2F19-3&count=horizontal&via=&text=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%BF%85%E9%A1%BB%E5%B0%B1%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%91%E5%87%BA%E6%98%8E%E7%A1%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7&counturl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fzh-hans%2Fnews%2F2011%2F05%2F19-3" class="twitter-share-button service-links-twitter-widget" title="Tweet This" rel="nofollow"><span style="display:none;">Tweet Widget</span></a></li> <li class="service-links-facebook-like last"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610124049/http://www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fzh-hans%2Fnews%2F2011%2F05%2F19-3&layout=button_count&show_faces=false&action=recommend&colorscheme=light&width=150&height=21&font=&locale=" title="I Like it" class="service-links-facebook-like" rel="nofollow"><span style="display:none;">Facebook Like</span></a></li> </ul></div><div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-related-images"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="view view-nodereference-related-images view-id-nodereference_related_images view-display-id-block_2 view-dom-id-1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-field-imagefile-fid"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610124049/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2011_Turkey_domviolenceReportCover.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile][<p>A Turkish woman shouts slogans on March 8, 2009 in Istanbul where more than 5,000 women gathered to mark International Women's Day. Purple symbolizes feminism in Turkey.</p>]" class="imagefield imagefield-lightbox2 imagefield-lightbox2-scale-300x imagefield-field_imagefile imagecache imagecache-field_imagefile imagecache-scale-300x imagecache-field_imagefile-scale-300x"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610124049im_/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-300x/media/images/photographs/2011_Turkey_domviolenceReportCover.jpg"/></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-image-caption-value"> <div class="field-content"><p>A Turkish woman shouts slogans on March 8, 2009 in Istanbul where more than 5,000 women gathered to mark International Women's Day. Purple symbolizes feminism in Turkey.</p></div> </div> <div class="views-field-field-copyright-value"> <span class="field-content">© 2009 Getty Images</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-news-additional"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-related-content"> <div class="field-label">相关资料: </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <a href="/web/20120610124049/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/news/2011/05/09/europe-landmark-domestic-violence-treaty-launches">Europe: Landmark Domestic Violence Treaty Launches</a> </div> <div class="field-item even"> <a href="/web/20120610124049/http://www.hrw.org/zh-hans/reports/2011/05/04/he-loves-you-he-beats-you-0">“He Loves You, He Beats You”</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-pullquote"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 英国政府如今尚未就其原理提出评论，不过作为一个因在保护妇女权利上处于领先地位而自豪的国家，英国未签署条约使人既困惑又失望。 </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 高丽•范•古莉克（Gauri van Gulik）, 人权观察妇女权利倡导者兼研究员 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p> </p> <p>欧洲各国部长今天聚集于伊斯坦布尔，在部长级峰会上签署欧洲委员会新的<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610124049/https://wcd.coe.int/wcd/ViewDoc.jsp?Ref=PR417%282011%29&Language=lanEnglish&Ver=original&BackColorInternet=F5CA75&BackColorIntranet=F5CA75&BackColorLogged=A9BACE">禁止家庭暴力公约</a>。令人诧异的是，英国竟然不是签署国之一。英国政府如今尚未就其原理提出评论，不过作为一个因在保护妇女权利上处于领先地位而自豪的国家，英国未签署条约使人既困惑又失望。</p> <p>正如约翰·罗宾斯（Jon Robins）所<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610124049/http://www.guardian.co.uk/law/2011/apr/15/domestic-violence-legal-aid-keir-starmer">指出</a>，英国政府在家庭暴力问题上一向发出含糊不清的信息。一方面，英国内政大臣特雷莎·梅（Theresa May）和<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610124049/http://www.cps.gov.uk/news/articles/domestic_violence_-_the_facts_the_issues_the_future/">英国总检察长</a>都着重强调这种暴力的严重性以及他们对消除家庭暴力的决心。另一方面，政府正在坚定地逐渐削弱遏制暴力的服务，如曾在原籍国遭受家庭暴力的寻求庇护妇女得到的司法援助和保护服务。更有甚者，这项开创性的新公约将能在欧洲地区发挥实际作用，英国却不愿签署。</p> <p>我在土耳其进行的<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610124049/http://www.hrw.org/node/98418">家庭暴力研究</a>表明了，英国的领导力和支持不仅在本国，而更是在全区域内起着至关重要的作用。</p> <p>我在为一份家庭暴力报告进行研究时，结识了萨尔维（Selvi）。出生于土耳其东南部的萨尔维当时22岁，正怀着第五胎。丈夫在她怀第一胎时就开始殴打她。"第一次打我时，他踢了我肚子里的胎儿，然后把我从屋顶上扔下，"她说。2008年，萨尔维（为了保护她的安全，名字已作更改）被丈夫多次强暴，殴打致头颅骨折、手臂折断后，终于报了警。不过，警察在警察局讯问她的丈夫后，就对萨尔维说："没问题了，我们跟他说了一声，你们还是在一起。"这种情况连续发生三次。"我是不能再去找警察了，"萨尔维说。</p> <p>家庭暴力不受重视所导致的严重后果，由萨尔维的故事完整表现出来。</p> <p>防治针对女性的暴力和家庭暴力的欧洲委员会新公约具划时代的意义，其提供一项周全国际法律机制应对此类虐待行为，还包括了监督机制以便确保其条款付诸实施。</p> <p>贯彻始终最为关键，因为不幸的是，像萨尔维的案件不一而足。泽拉（化名）与她的三个孩子的住房离公约签署地点不到五公里，就在前夫家对面。有一天，泽拉一踏出家门就被前夫捉住。她叙述："他抓住我不放，我大喊‘放开我！'他就开始打我。我们周围有很多人，不过他们都袖手旁观。他扯拉着我的头发，遮住我的嘴巴，把我拽到我的房子去。进了屋子他开始踹我，我跌倒在地......他把家里的东西统统砸碎，每一张椅子、相片......所有的东西。然后他撕开我的衣服，强暴我。"</p> <p>泽拉终于逃脱了，她几乎是光着身子跑去两所警察局，在那里警察连珠炮似地质问她，问题从"你告诉我你被前夫强暴了，难道不感到羞耻吗"至"你为什么拿这种事来烦我们"不等。她终于联系到一名检察官，却被告知周末过后再找他。</p> <p>人权观察组织最新的土耳其家庭暴力现象报告记载了许多案例，泽拉痛苦的经验只是其中之一。该报告记载着来自伊斯坦布尔、安卡拉、伊兹密尔、范、特拉布宗和迪亚巴克尔多个城市的各年龄妇女及女孩在饱受暴力后，向政府求助时的煎熬经验。妇女和年仅14岁的女孩的陈述包括：被强暴；被刺伤；怀孕时被踢中肚子；被棍子、锤子、树枝、软管打到骨折和头颅骨断；与狗或其它畜生关在一起；挨饿；被电击枪打伤；被注射毒药；从屋顶上被推下以及遭受严重的心理暴力。</p> <p>据一项关键大学调查研究显示，土耳其有42%的女性曾遭到丈夫或伴侣的身体暴力或性暴力。土耳其固然通过了一系列重要的刑法、民法改革以应付此项危机，其中包括建立一个保护家庭暴力幸存者的司法框架，让幸存者可寻求保护法令。</p> <p>不过，这些改革在实际贯彻上有不少严重的缺陷。我们采访的若干妇女有几位诚然获得土耳其政府的帮助，但大多数都反映警察、检察官和法官不是将她们送回虐待者，就是太慢执行紧急保护法令以致法令失去效力。少数家庭暴力避难所提供保护；有的甚至不允许没有适当证件的受害者或残疾妇女入内。</p> <p>土耳其政府大体上的惠民利民法律，不在少数，但仍须系统地、积极地改善实施，确保像萨尔维和泽拉这样的妇女得以获取维护和公正。</p> <p>何以消除这个影响至欧洲四分之一的妇女和女孩的大规模暴力现象？</p> <p>聚集在伊斯坦布尔的欧洲委员会新公约签署国能借鉴土耳其的经验。要防止家庭暴力，强有力的立法是必要的，但仅此而已仍远远不足。经历过暴力的妇女皆应获得保护，无论其种族背景、法律地位、性取向、婚姻状况、经济状况或行业。</p> <p>英国的第一步应当是签署欧洲委员会的公约，这不仅是为了保护英国妇女，而且是为了向欧洲地区的其他国家发出明确的信号：认真反抗家庭暴力。</p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_en first last"><a href="/web/20120610124049/http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/05/19/uk-must-send-clear-message-domestic-violence" title="UK must send a clear message on domestic violence" class="translation-link">English</a></li> </ul></div><div class="service-links"><div class="service-label">Share </div><ul class="links"><li class="service-links-facebook first"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120610124049/http://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fzh-hans%2Fnews%2F2011%2F05%2F19-3&t=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%BF%85%E9%A1%BB%E5%B0%B1%E5%AE%B6%E5%BA%AD%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B%E5%8F%91%E5%87%BA%E6%98%8E%E7%A1%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7" title="Share on Facebook." 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