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家用空调制冷剂充注量如何计算?-中国空调制冷网
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border="0"/></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </form> <script type="text/javascript"> function setContentTab(name, curr, n,mid) { Dd('destoon_search').action = DTPath+'api/search.php'; Dd('destoon_moduleid').value = mid; for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) { var menu = document.getElementById(name + i); var cont = document.getElementById("con_" + name + "_" + i); menu.className = i == curr ? "up" : ""; if (i == curr) { cont.style.display = "block"; } else { cont.style.display = "none"; } } } </script> </div> <!-- -------------- --> </div> </div> </div> <div id="kefu"></div> <!--------head结束----------><!--------head结束----------> <div id="main"> <!--------内容开始----------> <div class="column"> <div class="column_l"> <div class="det"> <div class="det_title"> <ul> <li class="det_title_name">家用空调制冷剂充注量如何计算?</li> <!-- <li class="det_title_from">来源:<span>新华社</span></li> --> <li class="det_title_from"></li> <li class="det_title_time">2015-07-24</li> </ul> </div> <div class="det_title_fenxiang"> <div class="fenxiang"> <!-- JiaThis Button BEGIN --> <div class="jiathis_style_32x32"> <a class="jiathis_button_weixin"></a> <a class="jiathis_button_tsina"></a> <a class="jiathis_button_cqq"></a> <a class="jiathis_button_qzone"></a> <a href="http://www.jiathis.com/share" class="jiathis jiathis_txt jiathis_separator jtico jtico_jiathis" target="_blank"></a> <a class="jiathis_counter_style"></a> </div> <script type="text/javascript" > var jiathis_config={ summary:"", shortUrl:false, hideMore:false } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://v3.jiathis.com/code/jia.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <!-- JiaThis Button END --> </div> <div class="huifu"></div> </div> <div class="mess_text"> <div class="content" id="article"> 每一种空调器的设计都存在着如何确定制冷剂充注量的问题,特别是在采用毛细管作节流装置的空调器中,由于毛细管的调节能力较热力膨胀阀差,充注量的变化对其性能影响更大。目前这方面的研究较少,缺少成熟的理论计算方法,各生产厂家只好采取试验手段,依据经验估计值进行多次试验,以最终确定最佳充注量。这种重复的工作不仅费钱,也费时费力。为了使确定最佳充注量变得简单可行,本文在系统稳态性能模拟的基础上,对分体式空调器的最佳充注量进行了计算,并提出了确定系统最佳充注量的原则:当空调器的结构尺寸和工作条件一定,制冷量达到设计要求时,系统的能效比最大。此时,空调器及各部件处于最佳工作状态。本人曾对KFR-32GW/H分体挂壁式空调器反复做试验,理论计算和试验结果很吻合。<br /> <br /> 1、充注量计算<br /> <br /> 制冷剂在制冷系统中的状态可分为单相和两相两种,这两部分的制冷剂质量计算应分别考虑。<br /> <br /> 1.1单相区质量计算<br /> <br /> 单相区制冷剂密度计算较为简单,处于单相区的各部分制冷剂质量可通过积分计算。<br /> <br /> 1.2两相区质量的计算<br /> <br /> 充注量计算的难点在于两相区中制冷剂量的确定,其关键是两相区空泡系数的计算。在两相区空泡系数修正模型的研究和验证方面,不少学者已经做了大量工作。<br /> <br /> 2、充注量对空调器性能的影响及试验结果<br /> <br /> 不同的制冷剂充注量对空调器性能的影响是不一样的。笔者对KFR-32GW/H分体挂壁式空调器在不同的充注量下进行了计算和试验。<br /> <br /> 试验条件:室外环境温度:35±0.5℃;湿球温度:19.5±0.3℃;室内于球温度:27±0.5℃;毛细管规格:长450mm\内径X1.4mm。<br /> <br /> 为了验证模型,研究各参数的变化,测定了空调器的稳态参数。借助于稳态计算的结果,沿制冷剂流动方向布置了14对热电偶和两块压力表,测出了各部件进出口参数的变化情况。<br /> <br /> 制冷剂充注量采用电子秤测定,其量程最大为6kg,准确度为±2g。加液口与制冷剂钢瓶采用塑料软管连接,当管中为气体时进行测量。<br /> <br /> 随着充注量的增加:<br /> <br /> ①冷凝压力和蒸发压力均增加;<br /> <br /> ②压缩机吸气温度降低,当降到蒸发器出口为饱和或两相状态时,压缩机吸气温度不再下降。当制冷剂充注量为690g时,蒸发器出口没有过热度,此时蒸发器的利用效率最高;<br /> <br /> ③由于压缩机的吸气温度下降,而压比变化不大,压缩机的排气温度下降,这样有利于压缩机的工作稳定;<br /> <br /> ④在690g以下时,随着充注量的增加,制冷量增加很快,而当大于690g后,制冷量增加不多。这主要是由于充注量达740g时,蒸发器出口为两相区,冷量没有充分发挥出来,而压缩机的输入功率随着充注量的增加而增大。能效比有一个明显的峰值,即在690g时能效比最大;而当充注量大或小于这个值时,能效比均下降,这主要是由于充注量较低时蒸发器出口的过热度较大,传热面积没有充分利用,因此,制冷量下降较大,此时压缩机的输入功率减少并不多。而当充注量较大时,蒸发器出口为两相区,冷量没有充分发挥出来,此时输入功率增加,冷量变化不明显,因此能效比下降。<br /> <br /> 试验和计算表明:在最佳充注量附近,空调器的能效比最大,且制冷量也较高。此时蒸发器的出口基本为饱和状态,面积得到充分利用。在实测中,冷凝器的出口没有测得过冷度,这是由于工艺结构和测量仪表精度上的原因所致,此时冷凝器的传热面积也得到充分利用。<br /> <br /> 理论计算最佳充注量为685g,与实际值很接近。<br /> <br /> 3、影响系统总充注量的因素<br /> <br /> 3.1制冷剂流道总内容积<br /> <br /> 通常,流道内容积越大,制冷剂的充注量也应越多。系统中液管的长度对总充注量的影响较大。<br /> <br /> 3.2装置运行所处的工况<br /> <br /> 当空调器运行所处的工况变化时,它所要求的系统充注量不同。<br /> <br /> 3.3毛细管尺寸<br /> <br /> 毛细管的长度对系统的最佳充注量有一定影响,不同的毛细管长度会改变制冷剂的循环量和空调器所处的工作状态。通过计算和对试件KFR-32GW/H分体挂壁式空调器试验,当毛细管长度增加到450mm时,制冷剂的最佳充注量为690g。<br /> <br /> 3.4润滑油量<br /> <br /> 制冷剂在润滑油中有一定的溶解度,油中所溶解的制冷剂量随着温度和油量而改变,所以在确定总充注量时应考虑这一部分制冷剂量。<br /> <br /> 4、结论<br /> <br /> ①本文采用Hughmark模型计算家用空调器两相区制冷剂量是可行的,它是整机充注量计算的关键。<br /> <br /> ②当制冷量达到要求时,以能效比最大来确定空调器的最佳充注量是可行的。<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 相关文章推荐:<br /> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.chinahvacr.com/hyzxnews/show-htm-itemid-3123437.html">空调加长铜管后超过多少米需补充制冷剂?</a><br /> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.chinahvacr.com/hyzxnews/show-htm-itemid-3123008.html">空调制冷效果不佳 如何检查制冷剂泄漏?</a><br /> <a target="_blank" href="http://www.chinahvacr.com/hyzxnews/show-htm-itemid-3122620.html">空调制冷剂加注量是多少</a><br /> <a target="_blank" 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