CINXE.COM

Cette page n鈥檈xiste pas. | Mediapart

<!doctype html> <html lang="fr" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0, width=device-width, viewport-fit=cover"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://static.mediapart.fr"> <link rel="preload" href="https://targetemsecure.blob.core.windows.net/84e5c880-8719-4773-8dad-7c722eb16350/84e5c880871947738dad7c722eb16350_1.js" as="script"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://site-azp.slgnt.eu"> <title>Cette page n鈥檈xiste pas. | Mediapart</title> <meta name="description" content="Mediapart est un journal d鈥檌nformation num茅rique, participatif et ind茅pendant, sans publicit茅 ni subvention, et qui ne vit que du soutien de ses lecteurs et lectrices." /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="1016629225388368" /> <meta property="fb:page_id" content="116070051527" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="fr_FR" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Mediapart" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Site d鈥檌nformation fran莽ais d鈥檃ctualit茅s ind茅pendant et participatif en ligne" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Mediapart est un journal d鈥檌nformation num茅rique, participatif et ind茅pendant, sans publicit茅 ni subvention, et qui ne vit que du soutien de ses lecteurs et lectrices." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://blogs.mediapart.fr//www.mediapart.fr/studio/portfolios" /> <meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta property="twitter:site" content="@Mediapart" /> <meta property="twitter:creator" content="@Mediapart" /> <meta property="twitter:title" content="Site d鈥檌nformation fran莽ais d鈥檃ctualit茅s ind茅pendant et participatif en ligne" /> <meta property="twitter:description" content="Mediapart est un journal d鈥檌nformation num茅rique, participatif et ind茅pendant, sans publicit茅 ni subvention, et qui ne vit que du soutien de ses lecteurs et lectrices." /> <meta property="twitter:url" content="https://blogs.mediapart.fr//www.mediapart.fr/studio/portfolios" /> <meta property="ownpage:title" content="Site d鈥檌nformation fran莽ais d鈥檃ctualit茅s ind茅pendant et participatif en ligne" /> <meta property="ownpage:description" content="Mediapart est un journal d鈥檌nformation num茅rique, participatif et ind茅pendant, sans publicit茅 ni subvention, et qui ne vit que du soutien de ses lecteurs et lectrices." /> <meta property="ownpage:has_audio" content="none" /> <meta name="robots" content="max-snippet:-1,max-video-preview:5,max-image-preview:large,noarchive"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://blogs.mediapart.fr//www.mediapart.fr/studio/portfolios" /> <link rel="icon" href="/icon-news.ico" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" href="/icon-news.svg" type="image/svg+xml"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/icon-news-180x180.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="/manifest-news.webmanifest"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script>if('visibilityState' in document){document.documentElement.className=document.documentElement.className.replace(/\bno-(?=js\b)/,'');}</script> <script> window.mediapart = { user: { uid: 0, selligent: { connected: 'Non_connecte', status: 'Non_connecte', }, myContacts: [], }, endpoints: [], host: 'https://blogs.mediapart.fr', locale: 'fr', domain: 'mediapart.fr', origin: { etmagine: 'https://static.mediapart.fr/etmagine', }, path: { club_my_account_messages: '/perso/messages', club_my_account_waiting_contacts: '/perso/contacts/en_attente', }, }; window.cookieConsent = { services: [] }; window.cookieConsent.services.push( { name: "crazyegg", trackBeforeAgreement: false, params: { script: { url: "https://script.crazyegg.com/pages/scripts/0058/1231.js", userConnected: 'Non_connecte', userStatus: 'Non_connecte', } } } ); window.cookieConsent.services.push({ name: "smarttag", trackBeforeAgreement: true, params: { script: { name: "erreur_404", chapter1: "", chapter2: "", chapter3: "", level2: "10", userCategory : "", status: "", locale: "", thematic: "", articleType: "", multimediaType: "", programTitle: "", authors: "", date: "", mpDeploy: "-1", pagination: "", numberOfComments: "", subscriptionCategory: "", subscriptionType: "", subscriptionOffer: "", subscriptionPaymentMode: "", numberOfContacts: "", pageContact: "", subscriptionOfferId: "", nodeId: "", privacySetting: "", contentVersion: "", pageCustomVars: null, title: "", headerVersion: "", nbRecirculationLinks: "", rightRecirculation: "", firstBottomRecirculation: "", secondBottomRecirculation: "", version: "", } } }); </script> <script> var fbPixelTrackers = { PageView: {}, ViewContent: {} }; window.cookieConsent.services.push({ name: 'facebookpixel', trackBeforeAgreement: false, params: { tracking: { id: '865500396915649', events: fbPixelTrackers } } }); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.mediapart.fr/assets/build/default/front/nouvelle_formule/css/main.5be544366b72d2c8.css"> <script>(()=>{"use strict";var r={},e={};function t(o){var n=e[o];if(void 0!==n)return n.exports;var i=e[o]={exports:{}};return r[o].call(i.exports,i,i.exports,t),i.exports}t.m=r,(()=>{var r=[];t.O=(e,o,n,i)=>{if(!o){var a=1/0;for(s=0;s<r.length;s++){o=r[s][0],n=r[s][1],i=r[s][2];for(var l=!0,f=0;f<o.length;f++)(!1&i||a>=i)&&Object.keys(t.O).every((r=>t.O[r](o[f])))?o.splice(f--,1):(l=!1,i<a&&(a=i));if(l){r.splice(s--,1);var u=n();void 0!==u&&(e=u)}}return e}i=i||0;for(var s=r.length;s>0&&r[s-1][2]>i;s--)r[s]=r[s-1];r[s]=[o,n,i]}})(),t.n=r=>{var e=r&&r.__esModule?()=>r.default:()=>r;return t.d(e,{a:e}),e},t.d=(r,e)=>{for(var o in e)t.o(e,o)&&!t.o(r,o)&&Object.defineProperty(r,o,{enumerable:!0,get:e[o]})},t.g=function(){if("object"==typeof globalThis)return globalThis;try{return this||new Function("return this")()}catch(r){if("object"==typeof window)return window}}(),t.o=(r,e)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(r,e),(()=>{var r={666:0};t.O.j=e=>0===r[e];var e=(e,o)=>{var n,i,a=o[0],l=o[1],f=o[2],u=0;if(a.some((e=>0!==r[e]))){for(n in l)t.o(l,n)&&(t.m[n]=l[n]);if(f)var s=f(t)}for(e&&e(o);u<a.length;u++)i=a[u],t.o(r,i)&&r[i]&&r[i][0](),r[i]=0;return t.O(s)},o=self.webpackChunk=self.webpackChunk||[];o.forEach(e.bind(null,0)),o.push=e.bind(null,o.push.bind(o))})()})();</script> <script defer src="https://www.mediapart.fr/assets/build/default/front/nouvelle_formule/js/vendors.be7a9fe4ef22a5be.js"></script> <script defer src="https://www.mediapart.fr/assets/build/default/front/nouvelle_formule/js/commons.fb338efe4a68fb41.js"></script> <script defer src="https://www.mediapart.fr/assets/build/default/front/nouvelle_formule/js/news.c93c0503e1afabc6.js"></script> </head> <body> <ul class="skip-links"> <li><a href="#main">Contenu principal</a></li> <li><a href="//www.mediapart.fr/search">Recherche</a></li> <li><a href="#footer">Pied de page</a></li> </ul> <header role="banner" class="nav nav__news " data-js="nav"> <div > <div data-selligent-placeholder="mega-banner" data-smarttag-url=""> <div id="mega-banner"> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nav__main container"> <div class="nav__meta"> <ul aria-label="Versions linguistiques du site" class="nav__title _xxs hidden@until-xl margin-bottom:500"> <li>Fran莽ais</li><li><a lang="en" href="//www.mediapart.fr/en/english" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="en" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="header" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" >English</a></li><li><a lang="es" href="//www.mediapart.fr/es/espanol" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="es" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="header" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" >Espa帽ol</a></li> </ul> <p class="nav__title _lg"> <time datetime="2024-12-01"> Dimanche 1 d茅cembre </time> </p><p class="nav__title _sm color:text-light"> 脡dition du matin </p> </div> <div class="nav__logo"> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="logo_mediapart" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="header" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <div class="mediapart-logo"> <svg class="mediapart-logo-icon paperboy paperboy-logo" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 52 30"><path fill="#FC392B" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M30.191 9.132a.64.64 0 0 1-.019.164l.049-.025.048-.026c.527-.263 1.056-.532 1.583-.806l-.274-1.38-1.4 1.982.002.01c.004.025.009.05.011.081ZM20.352 28.55h-.05c-.439-.006-1.464-.02-2.556-.048-1.459-.04-2.974-.094-3.487-.21a.69.69 0 0 0-.052-.014c-.056-.014-.11-.027-.212-.114l-.04-.04-.024-.055c-.61-1.38-1.188-4.118-1.19-6.63 0-1.15.123-2.25.438-3.152l.094-.266 1.346.29c.118-.395.258-.733.427-.997l.094-.142h.17a.97.97 0 0 1 .282.06l.112.034c.161.051.368.124.605.21a84.969 84.969 0 0 1 2.105.79c.075.03.149.058.221.085.506-1.184 1.083-2.168 1.712-2.993-.554.1-1.158.159-1.832.162h-.022c-.825-.006-1.687-.325-2.38-.715a6.02 6.02 0 0 1-.866-.597l-4.559-2.71 1.241 5.478-5.32-1.808L8.96 20.27l-5.58-.658 3.361 4.503-5.596.513 4.223 3.702L0 29.995h22.287c-.626-.102-1.282-.699-1.935-1.446Zm26.516-.218L52 29.997V30H31.596c.382-3.042.93-8.415.93-14.323 0-.798-.091-1.457-.253-2.01-.246-1.245 2.039-2.745 4.167-4.143l.353-.231.03.193-.605 7.733L42 16.867l2.75.217-1.469 3.192 5.578-.663-3.361 4.503 5.596.513-4.226 3.702Zm-23.896-16.45a.312.312 0 0 1-.01-.026.29.29 0 0 0-.012-.025c-.129-.347-.309-.75-.349-.771a.647.647 0 0 1-.212-.449.9.9 0 0 1 .204-.492.742.742 0 0 0 .118-.201l.038-.08a4.28 4.28 0 0 1-1.32-1.852l-.034.003a.683.683 0 0 1-.11.007h-.035a1.93 1.93 0 0 1-.75-.144l-.873 4.395c.336.078.701.121 1.088.121.73 0 1.515-.153 2.257-.486Zm-5.368-.444c-.438.003-.825.186-1.126.382-.125.082-.252.162-.377.241-.213.136-.422.268-.612.399l-.048-3.706L19 12.045a2.585 2.585 0 0 1-.562-.32 1.358 1.358 0 0 0-.835-.287Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m42.002 16.223 4.53.36.495-7.359-.522-8.297-3.353.333c0 .672-.024 1.129-.137 1.392h2.319v.314H42.13v-.239c-.241-.166-.533-.415-.84-.676a15.728 15.728 0 0 0-.952-.77L36.16.969l1.303 8.487-.554 7.077 5.094-.309Zm-21.93-9.732c.326.626.444.836 1.256.865.832.035 1.901-.958 3.153-2.12l.398-.367c1.019-.92 2.19-1.873 3.595-2.346l-.045-.024a4.587 4.587 0 0 1-.64-.488c-.525-.447-1.117-.952-2.08-.952-1.676-.022-4.406 1.47-5.292 2.985a3.464 3.464 0 0 0-.481 1.708c0 .299.05.562.137.74Zm9.125.513c.01.186-.263.546-.698.618a2.54 2.54 0 0 1-.441.043c-.446-.016-.685-.12-.688-.454.003-.792.516-1.298.991-1.298a.79.79 0 0 1 .137.014c.393.07.702.54.699 1.077Zm-1.97 3.896c1.188-.685 1.793-1.144 2.08-1.424.245-.252.247-.317.245-.336a.12.12 0 0 0-.008-.035 1.04 1.04 0 0 0-.054-.131 1.11 1.11 0 0 0-.108-.188c-3.213 1.082-5.556 1.472-6.18 1.563-.042.073-.083.133-.114.18l-.046.07c.002.006.005.008.01.014.169.186.266.426.37.683l.068.168c.089.24.197.492.256.602a4.52 4.52 0 0 0 .894-.115c.755-.35 1.518-.629 2.273-.876.1-.05.196-.106.297-.165l.018-.01Zm-8.702 3.985h-.035c-.653.002-1.445-.28-2.066-.632-.57-.298-1.002-.736-1.056-.851.043-.159.771-.621 1.457-1.05.239-.16.529-.28.776-.278a.69.69 0 0 1 .446.153c.65.503 1.61.774 2.67.777.815 0 1.693-.172 2.524-.548a.532.532 0 0 0 .056.078l.014.014c.02.021.044.045.075.07a10.94 10.94 0 0 0-2.373 1.942 9.805 9.805 0 0 1-2.488.325Zm-3.683 3.928-1.365-.293c-.949 2.703-.105 7.628.741 9.538.24.239 6.303.295 6.303.295l6.411-.4c2.373.228 1.486-9.89 1.486-9.89l-8.219 1.373s-4.592-1.814-4.893-1.814c-.188.28-.34.69-.464 1.19Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path fill="#1A1A1A" d="m25.253 23.087.317.025.17-2.209-.318-.027-.17 2.211Zm-1.207.057.317.027.178-2.23-.317-.024-.178 2.227Zm-1.203.054.317.026.185-2.251-.317-.027-.185 2.252Zm-1.207.053.317.027.194-2.27-.317-.027-.194 2.27Zm-4.26-2.547-.318-.03-.223 2.354.317.03.223-2.354Zm-1.191-.148-.317-.032-.231 2.375.317.03.23-2.372Zm-1.19-.15-.317-.03-.24 2.397.318.032.239-2.399Zm10.107 3.925.202 2.263.317-.027-.199-2.26-.32.024Zm-1.177.035.223 2.276.317-.032-.223-2.276-.317.032Zm-1.17.033L23 26.69l.317-.032-.247-2.292-.317.033Zm-5.855-.261.362 2.364.315-.048-.363-2.364-.314.048Zm-1.166-.148.386 2.38.315-.05-.39-2.38-.312.05Zm-1.17-.145.412 2.394.314-.054-.41-2.396-.315.056ZM41.294 5.29H38.09v.32h3.203v-.32Zm1.233 1.658h3.203v-.317h-3.203v.317Zm2.942-2.972h-3.203v.32h3.203v-.32Zm-3.028 9.608h3.203v-.317H42.44v.317Zm-.043-7.963H45.6V5.3h-3.203v.32Zm-.056 9.293h3.202v-.317h-3.202v.317Zm.198-2.657h3.203v-.317H42.54v.317Zm.197-2.657h3.205v-.317h-3.205V9.6ZM47.099.228l-4.025.4C42.881.173 42.306 0 41.382 0c-.882 0-1.586.25-1.841.586L35.406.274l.062.395.809 5.266c-1.725 1.09-3.89 2.249-6.008 3.308l-.097.05a.644.644 0 0 0 .02-.163c-.014-.21-.09-.358-.192-.56a1.395 1.395 0 0 0-.19-.268c-.081-.078-.178-.18-.382-.188-.013 0-.03.003-.048.005a4.203 4.203 0 0 0-.322-3.823c1.031-.758 1.536-1.652 1.33-2.074-.012-.003-.826-.228-1.715-.32C28.2 1.622 27.338.42 25.71.416c-1.991.025-4.745 1.527-5.839 3.294a4.038 4.038 0 0 0-.572 2.037c0 .368.059.712.196 1.008.277.669.787 1.233 1.755 1.233l.075-.003c.035 0 .07-.005.105-.008.265.73.725 1.368 1.319 1.851l-.038.08c-.075.21-.28.296-.322.694a.626.626 0 0 0 .212.449c.04.021.22.424.35.77l.02.052a5.547 5.547 0 0 1-2.253.486c-.949.003-1.793-.258-2.282-.642a1.358 1.358 0 0 0-.835-.287c-.438.002-.825.185-1.126.381-.379.247-.782.486-1.104.717-.31.245-.607.428-.642.86 0 .04.005.089.019.14.153.478.671.86 1.364 1.27.694.388 1.553.71 2.38.715h.022a10.842 10.842 0 0 0 1.833-.16c-.629.824-1.207 1.807-1.712 2.992-.21-.083-.43-.166-.65-.252a85.6 85.6 0 0 0-1.677-.626 18.13 18.13 0 0 0-.604-.21c-.175-.05-.242-.083-.395-.094h-.172l-.094.142c-.17.264-.309.602-.427.997l-1.346-.29-.094.266c-.317.903-.438 2.002-.438 3.152.005 2.512.58 5.25 1.19 6.63l.024.054.04.04c.135.113.183.1.264.13.516.115 2.031.169 3.487.21 1.137.029 2.2.042 2.606.048.65.75 1.309 1.343 1.94 1.448h9.302c.381-3.044.93-8.418.93-14.323 0-.798-.092-1.457-.253-2.01-.26-1.314 2.3-2.913 4.52-4.374l.029.193-.605 7.733 5.782-.352 5.124.405.542-8.041L47.1.228ZM30.288 2.531a.11.11 0 0 0 .019.005h-.022l.003-.005ZM15.462 17.856c.425.135 1.46.519 2.407.884l.53.204-.065.164-3.095-.663c.067-.231.143-.428.223-.589Zm2.013 10a74.444 74.444 0 0 1-2.147-.088 10.94 10.94 0 0 1-.728-.065l-.143-.021c-.54-1.295-1.082-3.917-1.082-6.244 0-.986.096-1.919.317-2.674l4.427.951a22.782 22.782 0 0 0-.631 2.233c-.312 1.338-.236 2.389.811 3.96l.108.726.314-.046-.016-.11c.075.1.15.202.234.306.287.366.583.753.881 1.126-.586-.013-1.462-.027-2.345-.053ZM29.197 7.005c.01.186-.263.546-.698.618a2.54 2.54 0 0 1-.441.043c-.446-.016-.685-.12-.688-.454.003-.792.516-1.298.991-1.298a.79.79 0 0 1 .137.014c.393.07.702.54.699 1.077Zm-7.87.352c-.81-.03-.93-.239-1.254-.865-.086-.177-.137-.44-.137-.739 0-.534.164-1.184.48-1.708.887-1.516 3.617-3.007 5.294-2.985 1.362 0 1.982 1.013 2.719 1.44l.045.024c-1.405.473-2.576 1.427-3.595 2.345-1.424 1.312-2.633 2.526-3.552 2.488Zm-2.802 7.529h-.035c-.653.002-1.445-.28-2.066-.632-.57-.298-1.002-.736-1.056-.851.043-.159.771-.621 1.457-1.05.239-.16.529-.28.776-.278a.69.69 0 0 1 .446.153c.65.503 1.61.774 2.67.777.815 0 1.693-.172 2.524-.548a.532.532 0 0 0 .056.078c.024.024.051.053.089.083a10.94 10.94 0 0 0-2.373 1.943 9.805 9.805 0 0 1-2.488.325ZM22.343 27.8a46.53 46.53 0 0 1-.435-1.07l.258-.029-.272-2.305-.317.037.245 2.077c-.887-2.316-.79-2.88-.79-3.35 0-.881.548-2.023 1.502-3.216l4.664-.4c-.196 1.192-.747 4.736-.75 6.88.003.433.02.806.078 1.115l-4.183.261Zm5.642-1.97c-.113.551-.263 1.008-.44 1.298-.135.213-.253.317-.374.363a5.208 5.208 0 0 1-.08-1.067c-.003-2.498.808-7.17.808-7.179l.07-.408-4.839.414c.04-.043.078-.086.121-.13l4.898-.819c.046.626.134 2.034.134 3.58-.002 1.367-.072 2.842-.298 3.949Zm1.322-16.354c-.287.28-.892.74-2.08 1.424a7.162 7.162 0 0 1-.314.175c-.755.247-1.518.526-2.273.876a4.52 4.52 0 0 1-.894.115 6.025 6.025 0 0 1-.256-.602c-.134-.32-.233-.626-.438-.851-.005-.006-.008-.008-.01-.014.026-.045.091-.131.16-.25.624-.09 2.967-.48 6.18-1.563.035.048.078.12.108.188.024.05.043.096.054.131a.12.12 0 0 1 .008.035c.002.02 0 .084-.245.336Zm17.225 7.107-4.53-.36-5.094.309.553-7.077L36.159.968l4.181.314c.613.44 1.306 1.11 1.792 1.445v.24h3.203v-.315h-2.319c.113-.263.137-.72.137-1.392l3.353-.333.521 8.297-.494 7.359Zm-3.893-5.656h3.203v-.317h-3.203v.317ZM40.83 2.652h-3.203v.32h3.203v-.32Zm1.827 5.62h3.202v-.32h-3.202v.32Zm-4.103-.024h3.203v-.317h-3.203v.317Zm2.507-4.277h-3.203v.317h3.203v-.317ZM38.324 6.93h3.203v-.317h-3.203v.317Zm-.065 7.985h3.203v-.317H38.26v.317Zm.455-5.341h3.202v-.317h-3.202v.317Zm-.113 1.335h3.202v-.32h-3.202v.32Zm-.113 1.336h3.202v-.317h-3.202v.317Zm-.113 1.335h3.203v-.317h-3.203v.317Z"/></svg> <svg class="mediapart-logo-text" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 119 17"><title>Mediapart</title><desc>Titre du logo Journal</desc><path fill="#1A1A1A" d="M1.772 4.017c.141-1.135.283-2.133.428-3.086.056-.305.097-.346.16-.346.141 0 .182.123.324.346.487.711 1.258 2.051 1.969 3.127l4.344 7.206 3.491-5.889c1.481-2.292 2.01-3.145 2.539-4.12.346-.547.469-.67.569-.67.141 0 .164.06.242.61.141 1.035.223 2.152.365 3.209.547 4.69 1.24 10.437 1.623 11.796a18.518 18.518 0 0 0-1.463-.041c-.875 0-1.664.018-2.07.082 0-1.664-.405-6.05-.629-9.016-1.604 2.945-3.737 6.436-4.973 9.016-.141.242-.204.204-.305.018-1.358-2.821-3.514-6.495-4.772-8.993-.223 3.25-.547 7.31-.547 8.934-.346-.06-.994-.041-1.299-.041-.834 0-1.463.018-1.768.082.328-1.404 1.202-7.557 1.772-12.224ZM21.444 8.16c0-2.863-.101-4.448-.265-4.996.406.06 1.117.06 1.768.06h4.385c.651 0 1.482.019 1.828-.123-.06.428-.183 1.322-.183 2.438-.324-.182-.77-.305-1.887-.406-.633-.063-1.809-.081-2.643-.081-.04 0-.06.018-.06.06V8.32c0 .06.02.082.06.082.466 0 2.01-.019 2.68-.019 1.158-.06 1.482-.082 1.746-.182-.164.688-.205 1.91-.205 2.456-.346-.223-.71-.305-1.522-.365-.57-.06-2.152-.06-2.699-.06-.04 0-.06.02-.06.06v.652c0 2.72.02 3.208.124 3.25.06.04.204.081.428.1.506.06.975.082 1.727.082 1.38 0 2.415-.123 3.126-.428-.223.67-.428 1.704-.487 2.274-.1.06-.387.06-1.098.06-2.356 0-3.816-.123-5.055-.123-.912 0-1.604.018-1.91.04.082-.629.205-2.374.205-4.995V8.16h-.003Zm11.308-.023c0-2.698-.142-4.343-.283-4.973.223.02.852.06 1.422.06s1.686-.06 3.208-.082c3.026.019 5.178.488 6.8 2.051.913.893 1.728 2.315 1.728 4.407a6.652 6.652 0 0 1-1.95 4.709c-1.099.994-2.64 2.05-5.949 2.05-.752 0-1.522-.018-2.11-.081-1.076-.06-1.746-.164-3.045-.1.06-.753.182-2.335.182-4.955V8.137h-.003Zm2.925 2.11c0 1.847.019 2.398.019 2.781 0 .834.04 1.076.141 1.176.224.183 1.098.428 2.133.428 1.217 0 2.334-.182 3.29-1.135.875-.874 1.218-2.174 1.218-3.473 0-1.198-.242-2.356-1.035-3.41-.953-1.239-2.557-1.827-4.344-1.827-.629 0-1.076.06-1.299.123-.06.041-.1.082-.1.123-.019.387-.019 1.38-.019 2.903v2.312h-.004ZM48.936 8.16c0-2.457-.082-4.344-.242-4.973.242.06.893.04 1.38.04 1.076 0 1.769-.04 1.992-.1a64.23 64.23 0 0 0-.182 5.036v3.045c0 1.95.06 4.448.223 4.995-.223-.018-.793-.04-1.422-.04-.689 0-1.664.059-1.928.059.1-.73.182-2.844.182-5.014V8.16h-.003Zm9.521 4.931c-.06 0-.082.02-.082.06a29.531 29.531 0 0 0-1.057 3.045c-.305-.019-.629-.041-1.299-.041-.811 0-1.463.04-1.705.06.488-.912 1.217-2.439 2.334-4.71l3.473-7.652c.387-.752.487-.934.629-.934.141 0 .242.141.629.934.264.588 2.151 4.385 3.878 7.798.875 1.805 1.847 3.778 2.457 4.549-.651-.019-1.258-.041-1.504-.041-.833 0-1.805.04-2.192.06-.324-.794-.934-2.253-1.321-3.068 0-.04-.019-.06-.082-.06h-4.158Zm3.47-1.827c.04 0 .059-.019.04-.082L60.463 7.71l-1.422 3.473c-.018.06 0 .082.041.082h2.844Zm7.898-3.104c0-2.457-.06-4.262-.205-4.973.305.06.629.04 1.176.04.893 0 1.645-.081 2.922-.081 2.397 0 3.592.446 4.508 1.198.547.466 1.116 1.34 1.116 2.558 0 2.68-2.334 4.224-5.095 4.16A23.522 23.522 0 0 0 73.8 9.6c1.4-.1 2.68-.651 2.68-2.375 0-.893-.264-1.462-.73-1.846-.465-.428-1.034-.688-2.11-.688-.242 0-.63.018-.77.081-.083.019-.101.041-.101.388v6.111c0 1.95.1 4.061.205 4.932a30.445 30.445 0 0 0-1.545-.04c-.57 0-1.545.059-1.805.059.1-.77.204-2.863.204-5.014V8.16h-.003Zm13.281 4.931c-.06 0-.082.02-.082.06a29.531 29.531 0 0 0-1.058 3.045c-.305-.019-.629-.041-1.299-.041-.811 0-1.462.04-1.704.06.487-.912 1.217-2.439 2.334-4.71l3.472-7.652c.387-.752.488-.934.63-.934.14 0 .241.141.628.934.265.588 2.152 4.385 3.879 7.798.875 1.805 1.846 3.778 2.457 4.549-.652-.019-1.258-.041-1.504-.041-.834 0-1.805.04-2.193.06-.323-.794-.934-2.253-1.32-3.068 0-.04-.02-.06-.083-.06h-4.157Zm3.469-1.827c.04 0 .06-.019.04-.082L85.112 7.71l-1.422 3.473c-.019.06 0 .082.04.082h2.845Zm7.961-3.104c0-2.457-.04-4.244-.264-4.996.465.041.912.06 1.381.06.283 0 2.133-.082 2.944-.082 1.686 0 2.822.223 3.574.63.952.487 1.786 1.462 1.786 2.943 0 1.381-.834 2.599-2.215 3.473.994 1.4 2.174 3.026 3.31 4.303.833.912 1.421 1.44 1.805 1.623-.365.164-1.322.205-2.029.205-1.34 0-1.909-.283-2.456-.834-1.076-.975-2.476-3.41-3.086-4.243-.041-.06-.1-.1-.205-.1h-1.604c-.041 0-.06.018-.06.081v.406c0 1.95.082 3.674.224 4.567a23.578 23.578 0 0 0-1.381-.041c-.588 0-1.623.06-1.95.06.1-.812.223-2.844.223-5.014V8.16h.003Zm2.881.953c0 .163 0 .182.06.204.305.142.934.183 1.727.183.447 0 .752-.06.912-.183.487-.324.953-.912.953-1.95 0-1.846-1.422-2.58-2.662-2.58-.405 0-.792.019-.934.082-.04.019-.06.06-.06.123v4.12h.004ZM106.086 3c.547.164 1.422.224 3.108.224h6.09c1.299 0 2.639-.082 3.045-.182-.183.811-.265 1.786-.283 2.58-.387-.265-1.016-.407-2.01-.489-.67-.06-1.34-.081-2.639-.081v6.111c0 1.97.123 4.184.223 5.037a21.26 21.26 0 0 0-1.321-.041c-.875 0-1.646.04-2.029.06.101-.753.182-2.845.182-5.015V5.052c-.729 0-1.157-.019-2.292.04-1.422.101-1.828.164-2.498.388.16-.529.365-1.828.424-2.48Z"/></svg> <span class="screen-reader-only">Mediapart</span> </div> </a> </div> <ul class="nav__actions"> <li class="hidden@until-xl"> <a class="nav__icon" href="//aide.mediapart.fr/hc/fr" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="nous_contacter" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="header" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <svg class="icon _lg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.297 8.8h17.406l-9.078 7.821L7.297 8.8ZM5.767 7C4.792 7 4 7.806 4 8.8v14.4c0 .994.792 1.8 1.768 1.8h20.464C27.21 25 28 24.194 28 23.2V8.8c0-.994-.791-1.8-1.768-1.8H5.768Zm0 14.927V9.84l5.68 5.54 3.607 3.107a.872.872 0 0 0 1.142 0L26.232 9.84v12.537c.05.274-.217.823-1.692.823H7.018c-.697 0-1.25-.72-1.25-1.273Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="_xs">Nous contacter</span> </a> </li> <li class="hidden@until-md"> <a class="nav__icon" href="//www.mediapart.fr/login" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="se_connecter" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="header" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <svg class="icon _lg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M21 9a5 5 0 1 1-10 0 5 5 0 0 1 10 0Zm2 0A7 7 0 1 1 9 9a7 7 0 0 1 14 0ZM6 26a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h8a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v2H6v-2Zm-2 0a8 8 0 0 1 8-8h8a8 8 0 0 1 8 8v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="_xs _visually-hidden_until-lg">Se connecter</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="button _news-primary-invert _small" href="https://abo.mediapart.fr/" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="s_abonner" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="header" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> S鈥檃bonner </a> </li> <li class="hidden@xs hidden@md"> <div role="search" class="nav__icon"> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/search" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="search" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="header" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <svg class="icon _lg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M24 14c0 5.523-4.477 10-10 10S4 19.523 4 14 8.477 4 14 4s10 4.477 10 10Zm-2.251 9.163A11.952 11.952 0 0 1 14 26C7.373 26 2 20.627 2 14S7.373 2 14 2s12 5.373 12 12c0 2.954-1.067 5.658-2.837 7.749l5.544 5.544a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-5.544-5.544Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="screen-reader-only">Rechercher</span> </a> </div> </li> <li class="hidden@md"> <nav role="navigation" aria-label="Menu principal"> <button class="nav__icon" type="button" data-js="menu-main-toggler" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="header" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <span><svg class="icon _xl" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 10a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h22a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1Zm0 6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h22a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1Zm1 5a1 1 0 1 0 0 2h22a1 1 0 1 0 0-2H5Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg></span> <span class="screen-reader-only">Menu</span> </button> </nav> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="nav__shortcuts"> <div class="container"> <nav role="navigation" aria-label="Menu principal" class="nav__burger hidden@until-md"> <button class="nav__icon text-with-icon" type="button" data-js="menu-main-toggler" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="header" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <svg class="icon _xl" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M4 10a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h22a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1Zm0 6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h22a1 1 0 1 1 0 2H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1Zm1 5a1 1 0 1 0 0 2h22a1 1 0 1 0 0-2H5Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="_sm _sm@xxl margin:0">Menu</span> </button> </nav> <div role="search" class="nav__search"> <a class="nav__icon" href="//www.mediapart.fr/search" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="search" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="header" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <svg class="icon _lg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M24 14c0 5.523-4.477 10-10 10S4 19.523 4 14 8.477 4 14 4s10 4.477 10 10Zm-2.251 9.163A11.952 11.952 0 0 1 14 26C7.373 26 2 20.627 2 14S7.373 2 14 2s12 5.373 12 12c0 2.954-1.067 5.658-2.837 7.749l5.544 5.544a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-5.544-5.544Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="screen-reader-only">Rechercher</span> </a> </div> <nav role="navigation" class="nav__shortcuts__inner" aria-label="Menu secondaire"> <ul class="nav__primary"> <li> <a class="nav__title _xs _xs@xxl" href="//www.mediapart.fr/" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="a_la_une" data-smarttag-chapter1="blog" data-smarttag-chapter2="header" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <span>脌 la Une</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav__title _xs _xs@xxl" href="//www.mediapart.fr/studio/videos" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="emission" data-smarttag-chapter1="blog" data-smarttag-chapter2="header" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <span>Vid茅os</span> </a> </li> <li class="nav__dropdown hidden@until-md" data-js="nav-dropdown-toggler"> <button type="button" class="nav__title _xs _xs@xxl" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="margin-right:100">Rubriques</span> <svg class="icon _lg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.293 11.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0L16 19.586l8.293-8.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 1.414l-9 9a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0l-9-9a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </button> <div class="nav__dropdown-list"> <ul> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/enquetes" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="enquetes" data-smarttag-chapter1="navigation.menu_category" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="rubriques_shortcuts" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Enqu锚tes </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/dossiers" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="dossiers" data-smarttag-chapter1="navigation.menu_category" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="rubriques_shortcuts" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Dossiers </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/series" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="series" data-smarttag-chapter1="navigation.menu_category" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="rubriques_shortcuts" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> S茅ries </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/studio/podcasts" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="podcasts" data-smarttag-chapter1="navigation.menu_category" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="rubriques_shortcuts" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Podcasts </a> </li> </ul> <ul> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/international" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="international" data-smarttag-chapter1="navigation.menu_category" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="rubriques_shortcuts" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> International </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/ecologie" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="ecologie" data-smarttag-chapter1="navigation.menu_category" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="rubriques_shortcuts" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> 脡cologie </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/economie" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="economie" data-smarttag-chapter1="navigation.menu_category" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="rubriques_shortcuts" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> 脡conomie et social </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/france" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="france" data-smarttag-chapter1="navigation.menu_category" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="rubriques_shortcuts" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> France </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/politique" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="politique" data-smarttag-chapter1="navigation.menu_category" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="rubriques_shortcuts" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Politique </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/culture-idees" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="culture" data-smarttag-chapter1="navigation.menu_category" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="rubriques_shortcuts" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Culture et id茅es </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="hidden@md"> <a class="nav__title _xs _xs@xxl" href="/" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="le_club" data-smarttag-chapter1="blog" data-smarttag-chapter2="header" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <span>Le Club</span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="nav__secondary hidden@until-lg"> <ul> <li> <a class="nav__title _sm _sm@xxl" href="https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/dossier/l-affaire-squarcini" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="Proc猫s Squarcini" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="header" data-smarttag-chapter3="en_ce_moment" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <span>Proc猫s Squarcini</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav__title _sm _sm@xxl" href="https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/mot-cle/guerre-au-proche-orient" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="Guerre au Proche-Orient" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="header" data-smarttag-chapter3="en_ce_moment" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <span>Guerre au Proche-Orient</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav__title _sm _sm@xxl" href="https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/france/dossier/le-rn-accuse-de-detournements-de-fonds-europeens" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="Proc猫s des assistants du RN" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="header" data-smarttag-chapter3="en_ce_moment" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <span>Proc猫s des assistants du RN</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="nav__blog hidden@until-md"> <a class="text-with-icon _vcenter" href="https://blogs.mediapart.fr/" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="le_club" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="header" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <span class="margin:0"> <div class="nav__title _xl">Le Club<span class="hidden@lg-only">&nbsp;de Mediapart</span></div> <div class="nav__title _xxs hidden@until-xl">Participez au d茅bat</div> </span> <svg class="icon _xl, color:ui-product-button hidden@until-md" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M11.293 25.707a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414L19.586 16l-8.293-8.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414-1.414l9 9a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.414l-9 9a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </a> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-label="Menu principal" class="nav__menu nav__menu-main" data-js="menu-main" hidden> <span class="nav__menu-background" data-js="menu-main-toggler"></span> <div tabindex="-1" class="nav__menu-container _left"> <div class="nav__menu-header _inverse"> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="logo_mediapart" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <div class="mediapart-logo"> <svg class="mediapart-logo-icon paperboy paperboy-logo" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 52 30"><path fill="#FC392B" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M30.191 9.132a.64.64 0 0 1-.019.164l.049-.025.048-.026c.527-.263 1.056-.532 1.583-.806l-.274-1.38-1.4 1.982.002.01c.004.025.009.05.011.081ZM20.352 28.55h-.05c-.439-.006-1.464-.02-2.556-.048-1.459-.04-2.974-.094-3.487-.21a.69.69 0 0 0-.052-.014c-.056-.014-.11-.027-.212-.114l-.04-.04-.024-.055c-.61-1.38-1.188-4.118-1.19-6.63 0-1.15.123-2.25.438-3.152l.094-.266 1.346.29c.118-.395.258-.733.427-.997l.094-.142h.17a.97.97 0 0 1 .282.06l.112.034c.161.051.368.124.605.21a84.969 84.969 0 0 1 2.105.79c.075.03.149.058.221.085.506-1.184 1.083-2.168 1.712-2.993-.554.1-1.158.159-1.832.162h-.022c-.825-.006-1.687-.325-2.38-.715a6.02 6.02 0 0 1-.866-.597l-4.559-2.71 1.241 5.478-5.32-1.808L8.96 20.27l-5.58-.658 3.361 4.503-5.596.513 4.223 3.702L0 29.995h22.287c-.626-.102-1.282-.699-1.935-1.446Zm26.516-.218L52 29.997V30H31.596c.382-3.042.93-8.415.93-14.323 0-.798-.091-1.457-.253-2.01-.246-1.245 2.039-2.745 4.167-4.143l.353-.231.03.193-.605 7.733L42 16.867l2.75.217-1.469 3.192 5.578-.663-3.361 4.503 5.596.513-4.226 3.702Zm-23.896-16.45a.312.312 0 0 1-.01-.026.29.29 0 0 0-.012-.025c-.129-.347-.309-.75-.349-.771a.647.647 0 0 1-.212-.449.9.9 0 0 1 .204-.492.742.742 0 0 0 .118-.201l.038-.08a4.28 4.28 0 0 1-1.32-1.852l-.034.003a.683.683 0 0 1-.11.007h-.035a1.93 1.93 0 0 1-.75-.144l-.873 4.395c.336.078.701.121 1.088.121.73 0 1.515-.153 2.257-.486Zm-5.368-.444c-.438.003-.825.186-1.126.382-.125.082-.252.162-.377.241-.213.136-.422.268-.612.399l-.048-3.706L19 12.045a2.585 2.585 0 0 1-.562-.32 1.358 1.358 0 0 0-.835-.287Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m42.002 16.223 4.53.36.495-7.359-.522-8.297-3.353.333c0 .672-.024 1.129-.137 1.392h2.319v.314H42.13v-.239c-.241-.166-.533-.415-.84-.676a15.728 15.728 0 0 0-.952-.77L36.16.969l1.303 8.487-.554 7.077 5.094-.309Zm-21.93-9.732c.326.626.444.836 1.256.865.832.035 1.901-.958 3.153-2.12l.398-.367c1.019-.92 2.19-1.873 3.595-2.346l-.045-.024a4.587 4.587 0 0 1-.64-.488c-.525-.447-1.117-.952-2.08-.952-1.676-.022-4.406 1.47-5.292 2.985a3.464 3.464 0 0 0-.481 1.708c0 .299.05.562.137.74Zm9.125.513c.01.186-.263.546-.698.618a2.54 2.54 0 0 1-.441.043c-.446-.016-.685-.12-.688-.454.003-.792.516-1.298.991-1.298a.79.79 0 0 1 .137.014c.393.07.702.54.699 1.077Zm-1.97 3.896c1.188-.685 1.793-1.144 2.08-1.424.245-.252.247-.317.245-.336a.12.12 0 0 0-.008-.035 1.04 1.04 0 0 0-.054-.131 1.11 1.11 0 0 0-.108-.188c-3.213 1.082-5.556 1.472-6.18 1.563-.042.073-.083.133-.114.18l-.046.07c.002.006.005.008.01.014.169.186.266.426.37.683l.068.168c.089.24.197.492.256.602a4.52 4.52 0 0 0 .894-.115c.755-.35 1.518-.629 2.273-.876.1-.05.196-.106.297-.165l.018-.01Zm-8.702 3.985h-.035c-.653.002-1.445-.28-2.066-.632-.57-.298-1.002-.736-1.056-.851.043-.159.771-.621 1.457-1.05.239-.16.529-.28.776-.278a.69.69 0 0 1 .446.153c.65.503 1.61.774 2.67.777.815 0 1.693-.172 2.524-.548a.532.532 0 0 0 .056.078l.014.014c.02.021.044.045.075.07a10.94 10.94 0 0 0-2.373 1.942 9.805 9.805 0 0 1-2.488.325Zm-3.683 3.928-1.365-.293c-.949 2.703-.105 7.628.741 9.538.24.239 6.303.295 6.303.295l6.411-.4c2.373.228 1.486-9.89 1.486-9.89l-8.219 1.373s-4.592-1.814-4.893-1.814c-.188.28-.34.69-.464 1.19Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path fill="#1A1A1A" d="m25.253 23.087.317.025.17-2.209-.318-.027-.17 2.211Zm-1.207.057.317.027.178-2.23-.317-.024-.178 2.227Zm-1.203.054.317.026.185-2.251-.317-.027-.185 2.252Zm-1.207.053.317.027.194-2.27-.317-.027-.194 2.27Zm-4.26-2.547-.318-.03-.223 2.354.317.03.223-2.354Zm-1.191-.148-.317-.032-.231 2.375.317.03.23-2.372Zm-1.19-.15-.317-.03-.24 2.397.318.032.239-2.399Zm10.107 3.925.202 2.263.317-.027-.199-2.26-.32.024Zm-1.177.035.223 2.276.317-.032-.223-2.276-.317.032Zm-1.17.033L23 26.69l.317-.032-.247-2.292-.317.033Zm-5.855-.261.362 2.364.315-.048-.363-2.364-.314.048Zm-1.166-.148.386 2.38.315-.05-.39-2.38-.312.05Zm-1.17-.145.412 2.394.314-.054-.41-2.396-.315.056ZM41.294 5.29H38.09v.32h3.203v-.32Zm1.233 1.658h3.203v-.317h-3.203v.317Zm2.942-2.972h-3.203v.32h3.203v-.32Zm-3.028 9.608h3.203v-.317H42.44v.317Zm-.043-7.963H45.6V5.3h-3.203v.32Zm-.056 9.293h3.202v-.317h-3.202v.317Zm.198-2.657h3.203v-.317H42.54v.317Zm.197-2.657h3.205v-.317h-3.205V9.6ZM47.099.228l-4.025.4C42.881.173 42.306 0 41.382 0c-.882 0-1.586.25-1.841.586L35.406.274l.062.395.809 5.266c-1.725 1.09-3.89 2.249-6.008 3.308l-.097.05a.644.644 0 0 0 .02-.163c-.014-.21-.09-.358-.192-.56a1.395 1.395 0 0 0-.19-.268c-.081-.078-.178-.18-.382-.188-.013 0-.03.003-.048.005a4.203 4.203 0 0 0-.322-3.823c1.031-.758 1.536-1.652 1.33-2.074-.012-.003-.826-.228-1.715-.32C28.2 1.622 27.338.42 25.71.416c-1.991.025-4.745 1.527-5.839 3.294a4.038 4.038 0 0 0-.572 2.037c0 .368.059.712.196 1.008.277.669.787 1.233 1.755 1.233l.075-.003c.035 0 .07-.005.105-.008.265.73.725 1.368 1.319 1.851l-.038.08c-.075.21-.28.296-.322.694a.626.626 0 0 0 .212.449c.04.021.22.424.35.77l.02.052a5.547 5.547 0 0 1-2.253.486c-.949.003-1.793-.258-2.282-.642a1.358 1.358 0 0 0-.835-.287c-.438.002-.825.185-1.126.381-.379.247-.782.486-1.104.717-.31.245-.607.428-.642.86 0 .04.005.089.019.14.153.478.671.86 1.364 1.27.694.388 1.553.71 2.38.715h.022a10.842 10.842 0 0 0 1.833-.16c-.629.824-1.207 1.807-1.712 2.992-.21-.083-.43-.166-.65-.252a85.6 85.6 0 0 0-1.677-.626 18.13 18.13 0 0 0-.604-.21c-.175-.05-.242-.083-.395-.094h-.172l-.094.142c-.17.264-.309.602-.427.997l-1.346-.29-.094.266c-.317.903-.438 2.002-.438 3.152.005 2.512.58 5.25 1.19 6.63l.024.054.04.04c.135.113.183.1.264.13.516.115 2.031.169 3.487.21 1.137.029 2.2.042 2.606.048.65.75 1.309 1.343 1.94 1.448h9.302c.381-3.044.93-8.418.93-14.323 0-.798-.092-1.457-.253-2.01-.26-1.314 2.3-2.913 4.52-4.374l.029.193-.605 7.733 5.782-.352 5.124.405.542-8.041L47.1.228ZM30.288 2.531a.11.11 0 0 0 .019.005h-.022l.003-.005ZM15.462 17.856c.425.135 1.46.519 2.407.884l.53.204-.065.164-3.095-.663c.067-.231.143-.428.223-.589Zm2.013 10a74.444 74.444 0 0 1-2.147-.088 10.94 10.94 0 0 1-.728-.065l-.143-.021c-.54-1.295-1.082-3.917-1.082-6.244 0-.986.096-1.919.317-2.674l4.427.951a22.782 22.782 0 0 0-.631 2.233c-.312 1.338-.236 2.389.811 3.96l.108.726.314-.046-.016-.11c.075.1.15.202.234.306.287.366.583.753.881 1.126-.586-.013-1.462-.027-2.345-.053ZM29.197 7.005c.01.186-.263.546-.698.618a2.54 2.54 0 0 1-.441.043c-.446-.016-.685-.12-.688-.454.003-.792.516-1.298.991-1.298a.79.79 0 0 1 .137.014c.393.07.702.54.699 1.077Zm-7.87.352c-.81-.03-.93-.239-1.254-.865-.086-.177-.137-.44-.137-.739 0-.534.164-1.184.48-1.708.887-1.516 3.617-3.007 5.294-2.985 1.362 0 1.982 1.013 2.719 1.44l.045.024c-1.405.473-2.576 1.427-3.595 2.345-1.424 1.312-2.633 2.526-3.552 2.488Zm-2.802 7.529h-.035c-.653.002-1.445-.28-2.066-.632-.57-.298-1.002-.736-1.056-.851.043-.159.771-.621 1.457-1.05.239-.16.529-.28.776-.278a.69.69 0 0 1 .446.153c.65.503 1.61.774 2.67.777.815 0 1.693-.172 2.524-.548a.532.532 0 0 0 .056.078c.024.024.051.053.089.083a10.94 10.94 0 0 0-2.373 1.943 9.805 9.805 0 0 1-2.488.325ZM22.343 27.8a46.53 46.53 0 0 1-.435-1.07l.258-.029-.272-2.305-.317.037.245 2.077c-.887-2.316-.79-2.88-.79-3.35 0-.881.548-2.023 1.502-3.216l4.664-.4c-.196 1.192-.747 4.736-.75 6.88.003.433.02.806.078 1.115l-4.183.261Zm5.642-1.97c-.113.551-.263 1.008-.44 1.298-.135.213-.253.317-.374.363a5.208 5.208 0 0 1-.08-1.067c-.003-2.498.808-7.17.808-7.179l.07-.408-4.839.414c.04-.043.078-.086.121-.13l4.898-.819c.046.626.134 2.034.134 3.58-.002 1.367-.072 2.842-.298 3.949Zm1.322-16.354c-.287.28-.892.74-2.08 1.424a7.162 7.162 0 0 1-.314.175c-.755.247-1.518.526-2.273.876a4.52 4.52 0 0 1-.894.115 6.025 6.025 0 0 1-.256-.602c-.134-.32-.233-.626-.438-.851-.005-.006-.008-.008-.01-.014.026-.045.091-.131.16-.25.624-.09 2.967-.48 6.18-1.563.035.048.078.12.108.188.024.05.043.096.054.131a.12.12 0 0 1 .008.035c.002.02 0 .084-.245.336Zm17.225 7.107-4.53-.36-5.094.309.553-7.077L36.159.968l4.181.314c.613.44 1.306 1.11 1.792 1.445v.24h3.203v-.315h-2.319c.113-.263.137-.72.137-1.392l3.353-.333.521 8.297-.494 7.359Zm-3.893-5.656h3.203v-.317h-3.203v.317ZM40.83 2.652h-3.203v.32h3.203v-.32Zm1.827 5.62h3.202v-.32h-3.202v.32Zm-4.103-.024h3.203v-.317h-3.203v.317Zm2.507-4.277h-3.203v.317h3.203v-.317ZM38.324 6.93h3.203v-.317h-3.203v.317Zm-.065 7.985h3.203v-.317H38.26v.317Zm.455-5.341h3.202v-.317h-3.202v.317Zm-.113 1.335h3.202v-.32h-3.202v.32Zm-.113 1.336h3.202v-.317h-3.202v.317Zm-.113 1.335h3.203v-.317h-3.203v.317Z"/></svg> <svg class="mediapart-logo-text" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 119 17"><title>Mediapart</title><desc>Titre du logo Journal</desc><path fill="#1A1A1A" d="M1.772 4.017c.141-1.135.283-2.133.428-3.086.056-.305.097-.346.16-.346.141 0 .182.123.324.346.487.711 1.258 2.051 1.969 3.127l4.344 7.206 3.491-5.889c1.481-2.292 2.01-3.145 2.539-4.12.346-.547.469-.67.569-.67.141 0 .164.06.242.61.141 1.035.223 2.152.365 3.209.547 4.69 1.24 10.437 1.623 11.796a18.518 18.518 0 0 0-1.463-.041c-.875 0-1.664.018-2.07.082 0-1.664-.405-6.05-.629-9.016-1.604 2.945-3.737 6.436-4.973 9.016-.141.242-.204.204-.305.018-1.358-2.821-3.514-6.495-4.772-8.993-.223 3.25-.547 7.31-.547 8.934-.346-.06-.994-.041-1.299-.041-.834 0-1.463.018-1.768.082.328-1.404 1.202-7.557 1.772-12.224ZM21.444 8.16c0-2.863-.101-4.448-.265-4.996.406.06 1.117.06 1.768.06h4.385c.651 0 1.482.019 1.828-.123-.06.428-.183 1.322-.183 2.438-.324-.182-.77-.305-1.887-.406-.633-.063-1.809-.081-2.643-.081-.04 0-.06.018-.06.06V8.32c0 .06.02.082.06.082.466 0 2.01-.019 2.68-.019 1.158-.06 1.482-.082 1.746-.182-.164.688-.205 1.91-.205 2.456-.346-.223-.71-.305-1.522-.365-.57-.06-2.152-.06-2.699-.06-.04 0-.06.02-.06.06v.652c0 2.72.02 3.208.124 3.25.06.04.204.081.428.1.506.06.975.082 1.727.082 1.38 0 2.415-.123 3.126-.428-.223.67-.428 1.704-.487 2.274-.1.06-.387.06-1.098.06-2.356 0-3.816-.123-5.055-.123-.912 0-1.604.018-1.91.04.082-.629.205-2.374.205-4.995V8.16h-.003Zm11.308-.023c0-2.698-.142-4.343-.283-4.973.223.02.852.06 1.422.06s1.686-.06 3.208-.082c3.026.019 5.178.488 6.8 2.051.913.893 1.728 2.315 1.728 4.407a6.652 6.652 0 0 1-1.95 4.709c-1.099.994-2.64 2.05-5.949 2.05-.752 0-1.522-.018-2.11-.081-1.076-.06-1.746-.164-3.045-.1.06-.753.182-2.335.182-4.955V8.137h-.003Zm2.925 2.11c0 1.847.019 2.398.019 2.781 0 .834.04 1.076.141 1.176.224.183 1.098.428 2.133.428 1.217 0 2.334-.182 3.29-1.135.875-.874 1.218-2.174 1.218-3.473 0-1.198-.242-2.356-1.035-3.41-.953-1.239-2.557-1.827-4.344-1.827-.629 0-1.076.06-1.299.123-.06.041-.1.082-.1.123-.019.387-.019 1.38-.019 2.903v2.312h-.004ZM48.936 8.16c0-2.457-.082-4.344-.242-4.973.242.06.893.04 1.38.04 1.076 0 1.769-.04 1.992-.1a64.23 64.23 0 0 0-.182 5.036v3.045c0 1.95.06 4.448.223 4.995-.223-.018-.793-.04-1.422-.04-.689 0-1.664.059-1.928.059.1-.73.182-2.844.182-5.014V8.16h-.003Zm9.521 4.931c-.06 0-.082.02-.082.06a29.531 29.531 0 0 0-1.057 3.045c-.305-.019-.629-.041-1.299-.041-.811 0-1.463.04-1.705.06.488-.912 1.217-2.439 2.334-4.71l3.473-7.652c.387-.752.487-.934.629-.934.141 0 .242.141.629.934.264.588 2.151 4.385 3.878 7.798.875 1.805 1.847 3.778 2.457 4.549-.651-.019-1.258-.041-1.504-.041-.833 0-1.805.04-2.192.06-.324-.794-.934-2.253-1.321-3.068 0-.04-.019-.06-.082-.06h-4.158Zm3.47-1.827c.04 0 .059-.019.04-.082L60.463 7.71l-1.422 3.473c-.018.06 0 .082.041.082h2.844Zm7.898-3.104c0-2.457-.06-4.262-.205-4.973.305.06.629.04 1.176.04.893 0 1.645-.081 2.922-.081 2.397 0 3.592.446 4.508 1.198.547.466 1.116 1.34 1.116 2.558 0 2.68-2.334 4.224-5.095 4.16A23.522 23.522 0 0 0 73.8 9.6c1.4-.1 2.68-.651 2.68-2.375 0-.893-.264-1.462-.73-1.846-.465-.428-1.034-.688-2.11-.688-.242 0-.63.018-.77.081-.083.019-.101.041-.101.388v6.111c0 1.95.1 4.061.205 4.932a30.445 30.445 0 0 0-1.545-.04c-.57 0-1.545.059-1.805.059.1-.77.204-2.863.204-5.014V8.16h-.003Zm13.281 4.931c-.06 0-.082.02-.082.06a29.531 29.531 0 0 0-1.058 3.045c-.305-.019-.629-.041-1.299-.041-.811 0-1.462.04-1.704.06.487-.912 1.217-2.439 2.334-4.71l3.472-7.652c.387-.752.488-.934.63-.934.14 0 .241.141.628.934.265.588 2.152 4.385 3.879 7.798.875 1.805 1.846 3.778 2.457 4.549-.652-.019-1.258-.041-1.504-.041-.834 0-1.805.04-2.193.06-.323-.794-.934-2.253-1.32-3.068 0-.04-.02-.06-.083-.06h-4.157Zm3.469-1.827c.04 0 .06-.019.04-.082L85.112 7.71l-1.422 3.473c-.019.06 0 .082.04.082h2.845Zm7.961-3.104c0-2.457-.04-4.244-.264-4.996.465.041.912.06 1.381.06.283 0 2.133-.082 2.944-.082 1.686 0 2.822.223 3.574.63.952.487 1.786 1.462 1.786 2.943 0 1.381-.834 2.599-2.215 3.473.994 1.4 2.174 3.026 3.31 4.303.833.912 1.421 1.44 1.805 1.623-.365.164-1.322.205-2.029.205-1.34 0-1.909-.283-2.456-.834-1.076-.975-2.476-3.41-3.086-4.243-.041-.06-.1-.1-.205-.1h-1.604c-.041 0-.06.018-.06.081v.406c0 1.95.082 3.674.224 4.567a23.578 23.578 0 0 0-1.381-.041c-.588 0-1.623.06-1.95.06.1-.812.223-2.844.223-5.014V8.16h.003Zm2.881.953c0 .163 0 .182.06.204.305.142.934.183 1.727.183.447 0 .752-.06.912-.183.487-.324.953-.912.953-1.95 0-1.846-1.422-2.58-2.662-2.58-.405 0-.792.019-.934.082-.04.019-.06.06-.06.123v4.12h.004ZM106.086 3c.547.164 1.422.224 3.108.224h6.09c1.299 0 2.639-.082 3.045-.182-.183.811-.265 1.786-.283 2.58-.387-.265-1.016-.407-2.01-.489-.67-.06-1.34-.081-2.639-.081v6.111c0 1.97.123 4.184.223 5.037a21.26 21.26 0 0 0-1.321-.041c-.875 0-1.646.04-2.029.06.101-.753.182-2.845.182-5.015V5.052c-.729 0-1.157-.019-2.292.04-1.422.101-1.828.164-2.498.388.16-.529.365-1.828.424-2.48Z"/></svg> <span class="screen-reader-only">Mediapart</span> </div> </a> <button type="button" class="text-with-icon _vcenter" data-js="menu-main-toggler"> <span class="ui-small-product:02 margin:0">Fermer</span> <svg class="icon _xl" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M25.9 24.485a1 1 0 0 1-1.415 1.415L16 17.413 7.515 25.9A1 1 0 1 1 6.1 24.485L14.586 16 6.1 7.515A1 1 0 0 1 7.515 6.1L16 14.586 24.485 6.1A1 1 0 1 1 25.9 7.515L17.413 16l8.485 8.485Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </button> </div> <div class="nav__menu-header"> <a class="button _news-primary-invert _xsmall" href="https://abo.mediapart.fr/" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="s_abonner" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> S鈥檃bonner au journal </a> <a class="text-with-icon _vcenter" href="//www.mediapart.fr/login" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="se_connecter" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <span class="ui-small-product:01 margin:0">Se connecter</span> <svg class="icon _lg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M21 9a5 5 0 1 1-10 0 5 5 0 0 1 10 0Zm2 0A7 7 0 1 1 9 9a7 7 0 0 1 14 0ZM6 26a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h8a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v2H6v-2Zm-2 0a8 8 0 0 1 8-8h8a8 8 0 0 1 8 8v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H6a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </a> </div> <ul class="nav__menu-block _decoration"> <li> <a class="nav__title _md " href="//www.mediapart.fr/" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="a_la_une" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <span>脌 la Une</span> <div class="ui-small-product:01 color:text-light"> 脡dition du matin </div> </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav__title _md " href="//www.mediapart.fr/studio/videos" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="emissions" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <span>Vid茅os</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav__title _md " href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/enquetes" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="enquetes" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <span>Enqu锚tes</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav__title _md " href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/dossiers" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="dossiers" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <span>Dossiers</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav__title _md " href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/series" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="series" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <span>S茅ries</span> </a> </li> <li class="nav__dropdown" data-js="nav-dropdown-toggler"> <button type="button" class="nav__dropdown-title" aria-expanded="false" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="rubriques" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <span> <span class="ui-body-product:200">Rubriques</span> </span> <svg class="icon _lg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.293 11.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0L16 19.586l8.293-8.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 1.414l-9 9a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0l-9-9a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </button> <div class="nav__dropdown-list"> <ul> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/international" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="international" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="rubriques" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> International </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/ecologie" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="ecologie" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="rubriques" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> 脡cologie </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/economie" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="economie" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="rubriques" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> 脡conomie et social </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/france" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="france" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="rubriques" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> France </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/politique" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="politique" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="rubriques" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Politique </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/culture-idees" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="culture" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="rubriques" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Culture et id茅es </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li> <a class="nav__title _md " href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/fil-dactualites" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="fil_d_actu" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <span>Fil d鈥檃ctualit茅</span> </a> </li> <li class="nav__dropdown" data-js="nav-dropdown-toggler"> <button type="button" class="nav__dropdown-title" aria-expanded="false" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="multimedia" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <span> <span class="ui-body-product:200">Multim茅dia</span> </span> <svg class="icon _lg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.293 11.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0L16 19.586l8.293-8.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 1.414l-9 9a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0l-9-9a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </button> <div class="nav__dropdown-list"> <ul> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/studio/podcasts" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="podcasts" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="multimedia" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Podcasts </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/studio/portfolios" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="portfolios" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="multimedia" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Portfolios </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/studio/panoramique" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="panoramiques" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="multimedia" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Panoramiques </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/studio/videos" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="emissions" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="multimedia" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Vid茅os </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/studio/documentaires" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="documentaires" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="multimedia" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Documentaires </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li class="nav__dropdown" data-js="nav-dropdown-toggler"> <button type="button" class="nav__dropdown-title _club" aria-expanded="false" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="le_club_de_mediapart" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <span> <span class="ui-body-product:200">Le Club de Mediapart</span> <div class="ui-small-product:01 color:text-light"> Participez au d茅bat </div> </span> <svg class="icon _lg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.293 11.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0L16 19.586l8.293-8.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 1.414l-9 9a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0l-9-9a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </button> <div class="nav__dropdown-list"> <ul> <li> <a href="/" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="club_homepage" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="le_club_de_mediapart" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> 脌 la Une du Club </a> </li> <li> <a href="/48H" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="depuis_48_heures" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="le_club_de_mediapart" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Depuis 48h </a> </li> <li> <a href="/blogs" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="blogs" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="le_club_de_mediapart" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Les blogs </a> </li> <li> <a href="/editions" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="editions" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="le_club_de_mediapart" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Les 茅ditions </a> </li> <li> <a href="/agenda" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="agenda" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="le_club_de_mediapart" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> L鈥檃genda </a> </li> <li> <a href="/charte-de-participation" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="charte" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="le_club_de_mediapart" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> La charte </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/le-club" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="participer" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="le_club_de_mediapart" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Participer </a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> <div role="search" class="nav__menu-block _secondary _decoration"> <a class="nav__icon " href="//www.mediapart.fr/search" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="search" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <svg class="icon _xl" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M24 14c0 5.523-4.477 10-10 10S4 19.523 4 14 8.477 4 14 4s10 4.477 10 10Zm-2.251 9.163A11.952 11.952 0 0 1 14 26C7.373 26 2 20.627 2 14S7.373 2 14 2s12 5.373 12 12c0 2.954-1.067 5.658-2.837 7.749l5.544 5.544a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 1.414l-5.544-5.544Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="_md margin-left:200">Rechercher</span> </a> </div> <div class="nav__menu-block _secondary _decoration"> <div class="banner-menu"> <a class="mini-card" href="https://info.mediapart.fr/renderers/page_inscription" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="newsletter" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <figure class="mini-card__image"> <img src="https://www.mediapart.fr/assets/build/default/front/nouvelle_formule/images/banner/112x112/banner_newsletter.2df2b340b2fdba47.png" alt="" width="56" height="56" loading="lazy" /> </figure> <div class="mini-card__content"> <p class="mini-card__title">Newsletters</p> <p class="mini-card__description">D茅couvrez notre offre de newsletters</p> </div> </a> <a class="mini-card" href="https://www.mediapart.fr/mediapart-sur-mobile" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="application_mediapart" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <figure class="mini-card__image"> <img src="https://www.mediapart.fr/assets/build/default/front/nouvelle_formule/images/banner/112x112/banner_mobile.e8ae17b0e8f4f68d.jpg" alt="" width="56" height="56" loading="lazy" /> </figure> <div class="mini-card__content"> <p class="mini-card__title">L鈥檃pplication Mediapart</p> <p class="mini-card__description">D茅couvrez notre application pour mobile &amp; tablette</p> </div> </a> </div> </div> <ul class="nav__menu-block _secondary _decoration"> <li> <a class="nav__icon " href="//aide.mediapart.fr/hc/fr/requests/new?ticket_form_id=25830515274769" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="informer_redaction" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <svg class="icon _xl" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.297 8.8h17.406l-9.078 7.821L7.297 8.8ZM5.767 7C4.792 7 4 7.806 4 8.8v14.4c0 .994.792 1.8 1.768 1.8h20.464C27.21 25 28 24.194 28 23.2V8.8c0-.994-.791-1.8-1.768-1.8H5.768Zm0 14.927V9.84l5.68 5.54 3.607 3.107a.872.872 0 0 0 1.142 0L26.232 9.84v12.537c.05.274-.217.823-1.692.823H7.018c-.697 0-1.25-.72-1.25-1.273Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="_md margin-left:200">Informer la r茅daction</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav__icon " href="//aide.mediapart.fr/hc/fr/requests/new?ticket_form_id=25830525945489" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="nous_contacter" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <svg class="icon _xl" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M7.297 8.8h17.406l-9.078 7.821L7.297 8.8ZM5.767 7C4.792 7 4 7.806 4 8.8v14.4c0 .994.792 1.8 1.768 1.8h20.464C27.21 25 28 24.194 28 23.2V8.8c0-.994-.791-1.8-1.768-1.8H5.768Zm0 14.927V9.84l5.68 5.54 3.607 3.107a.872.872 0 0 0 1.142 0L26.232 9.84v12.537c.05.274-.217.823-1.692.823H7.018c-.697 0-1.25-.72-1.25-1.273Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> <span class="_md margin-left:200">Contacter le service abonn茅路es</span> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="nav__menu-block _secondary _decoration"> <div class="nav__dropdown" data-js="nav-dropdown-toggler"> <button type="button" class="nav__dropdown-title" aria-expanded="false" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="nous_suivre" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <span> <span class="ui-body-product:200">Nous suivre</span> </span> <svg class="icon _lg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.293 11.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0L16 19.586l8.293-8.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 1.414l-9 9a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0l-9-9a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </button> <div class="nav__dropdown-list"> <ul> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Mediapart.fr" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="facebook" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="nous_suivre" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Facebook </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/mediapart" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="twitter" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="nous_suivre" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Twitter </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/mediapart/" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="instagram" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="nous_suivre" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Instagram </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/articles/feed" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="rss" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="nous_suivre" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Flux RSS </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nav__menu-block _secondary _decoration"> <div class="nav__dropdown" data-js="nav-dropdown-toggler"> <button type="button" class="nav__dropdown-title" aria-expanded="false" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="editions" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <span> <span class="ui-body-product:200">脡ditions</span> <div class="ui-small-product:01 color:text-light"> 脡ditions anglaise et espagnole </div> </span> <svg class="icon _lg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M6.293 11.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 0L16 19.586l8.293-8.293a1 1 0 0 1 1.414 1.414l-9 9a1 1 0 0 1-1.414 0l-9-9a1 1 0 0 1 0-1.414Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </button> <div class="nav__dropdown-list"> <ul> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/en/english" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="en" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="editions" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> English </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/es/espanol" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="es" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-chapter3="editions" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> Espa帽ol </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="nav__menu-block _secondary _decoration"> <li> <a class="nav__title _md " href="//www.mediapart.fr/qui-sommes-nous" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="redaction_mediapart" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <span>La R茅daction de Mediapart</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav__title _md " href="//www.mediapart.fr/mentions-legales" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="mentions_legales" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <span>Mentions l茅gales</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav__title _md " href="//www.mediapart.fr/charte-de-deontologie" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="charte" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <span>Charte de d茅ontologie</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav__title _md " href="//www.mediapart.fr/charte-de-participation" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="charte_de_participation" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <span>Charte de participation</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav__title _md " href="//www.mediapart.fr/conditions-generales-d-abonnement-au-journal-mediapart" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="conditions_generales_de_ventes" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <span>CGV</span> </a> </li> <li> <a class="nav__title _md " href="//www.mediapart.fr/confidentialite" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="confidentialite" data-smarttag-chapter1="journal" data-smarttag-chapter2="menu_burger" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation" > <span>Confidentialit茅</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </header> <div class="nav__sticky-trigger" data-js="nav-trigger"></div> <section class="container"> <div class="error-page"> <img class="error-page__image" src="https://www.mediapart.fr/assets/build/default/front/images/errors/error_404.svg?r=8d5c7864" alt="Erreur 404" width="476" height="232" data-fallback="https://www.mediapart.fr/assets/build/default/front/images/errors/error_404.svg?r=8d5c7864"> <h2 class="heading-product:500 margin-top:500 margin-top:600@md">Cette page n鈥檈xiste pas.</h2> <p class="subheading-product:02 margin-top:400"></p> <p><a href="https://www.mediapart.fr/" class="button _primary margin-top:500">Retourner 脿 l&#039;accueil</a></p> </div> </section> <footer role="contentinfo" id="footer" class="footer" data-js="expand-hide-trigger"> <div class="container"> <div class="footer__top grid"> <div class="footer__newsletter-cta"> <div> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="heading-product:200"> Newsletters </div> <p class="ui-body-product:200"> Recevez聽chaque聽jour聽les聽titres聽脿聽la聽Une </p> </div> <a href="https://info.mediapart.fr/renderers/page_inscription" class="button _secondary-invert _small" aria-label="Inscrivez-vous 脿 nos newsletters"> <span>Inscrivez-vous</span> </a> </div> <ul class="footer__social-cta"> <li> <a href="https://mediapart.social/@mediapart" target="_blank" rel="me noopener noreferrer" aria-label="Mastodon"> <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M29 11.193c0-6.07-3.962-7.855-3.962-7.855-1.994-.927-5.425-1.312-8.986-1.338h-.087c-3.562.026-6.993.411-8.987 1.338 0 0-3.97 1.776-3.97 7.855 0 1.39-.026 3.053.017 4.82.148 5.939 1.08 11.79 6.548 13.242 2.525.674 4.685.814 6.426.718 3.161-.175 4.938-1.137 4.938-1.137l-.105-2.31s-2.255.718-4.798.63c-2.516-.087-5.163-.27-5.572-3.367a5.796 5.796 0 0 1-.062-.866s2.465.603 5.6.752c1.907.087 3.7-.114 5.52-.332 3.492-.412 6.53-2.58 6.914-4.549.6-3.105.549-7.592.549-7.592l.017-.009zm-4.676 7.82h-2.9v-7.138c0-1.504-.627-2.265-1.89-2.265-1.392 0-2.089.91-2.089 2.694v3.91h-2.882v-3.91c0-1.793-.697-2.694-2.09-2.694-1.263 0-1.89.77-1.89 2.265v7.138h-2.9v-7.348c0-1.504.384-2.694 1.15-3.577.793-.884 1.82-1.338 3.1-1.338 1.48 0 2.604.577 3.353 1.723l.722 1.216.723-1.216c.74-1.146 1.872-1.723 3.352-1.723 1.28 0 2.317.454 3.109 1.338.766.883 1.14 2.082 1.14 3.577v7.357l-.008-.01z" fill="currentColor"/></svg> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Mediapart.fr" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="Facebook"> <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M30 16.086C30 8.306 23.732 2 16 2S2 8.306 2 16.086C2 23.116 7.12 28.943 13.813 30v-9.843h-3.555v-4.071h3.555v-3.104c0-3.53 2.09-5.48 5.287-5.48 1.532 0 3.134.275 3.134.275v3.467H20.47c-1.739 0-2.282 1.085-2.282 2.2v2.642h3.883l-.62 4.071h-3.262V30C24.88 28.943 30 23.116 30 16.086Z"/></svg> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/mediapart" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="X (ex Twitter)"> <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M18.666 13.857 29.093 2h-2.47l-9.056 10.294L10.338 2H2l10.932 15.567L2 30h2.47l9.557-10.873L21.662 30H30M5.36 3.822h3.795L26.62 28.267h-3.794" fill="currentColor"/></svg> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/mediapart/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="Instagram"> <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M21.657 4.604c-1.476-.067-1.919-.081-5.657-.081s-4.181.014-5.657.081a7.749 7.749 0 0 0-2.6.482 4.637 4.637 0 0 0-2.657 2.657 7.749 7.749 0 0 0-.482 2.6c-.067 1.476-.082 1.919-.082 5.657s.015 4.181.082 5.657a7.75 7.75 0 0 0 .482 2.6 4.638 4.638 0 0 0 2.657 2.657 7.748 7.748 0 0 0 2.6.482c1.476.067 1.918.082 5.657.082 3.738 0 4.181-.015 5.657-.082a7.748 7.748 0 0 0 2.6-.482 4.636 4.636 0 0 0 2.657-2.657 7.748 7.748 0 0 0 .482-2.6c.067-1.476.081-1.919.081-5.657s-.014-4.18-.081-5.657a7.748 7.748 0 0 0-.482-2.6 4.636 4.636 0 0 0-2.657-2.657 7.748 7.748 0 0 0-2.6-.482Zm-11.43-2.52C11.722 2.016 12.198 2 16 2c3.802 0 4.279.016 5.772.085a10.28 10.28 0 0 1 3.398.65 7.16 7.16 0 0 1 4.095 4.095 10.28 10.28 0 0 1 .65 3.398c.069 1.493.085 1.97.085 5.772 0 3.802-.016 4.279-.084 5.772a10.275 10.275 0 0 1-.65 3.398 7.16 7.16 0 0 1-4.095 4.095 10.276 10.276 0 0 1-3.399.65c-1.492.07-1.97.085-5.772.085-3.802 0-4.279-.016-5.772-.084a10.273 10.273 0 0 1-3.398-.65 7.159 7.159 0 0 1-4.095-4.095 10.276 10.276 0 0 1-.65-3.399C2.015 20.28 2 19.802 2 16c0-3.802.016-4.279.084-5.772.023-1.161.244-2.31.651-3.398A7.16 7.16 0 0 1 6.83 2.735a10.275 10.275 0 0 1 3.398-.65ZM23.5 10a1.5 1.5 0 1 0 0-3 1.5 1.5 0 0 0 0 3ZM16 9a7 7 0 1 0 0 14 7 7 0 0 0 0-14Zm0 11.544a4.544 4.544 0 1 1 0-9.089 4.544 4.544 0 0 1 0 9.089Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/mediapart" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="YouTube"> <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26.94 6.597a3.544 3.544 0 0 1 2.474 2.526C30 11.352 30 16 30 16s0 4.648-.585 6.877a3.543 3.543 0 0 1-2.476 2.526C24.756 26 16 26 16 26s-8.756 0-10.94-.597a3.544 3.544 0 0 1-2.475-2.526C2 20.648 2 16 2 16s0-4.648.585-6.877a3.544 3.544 0 0 1 2.476-2.526C7.244 6 16 6 16 6s8.756 0 10.94.597ZM20.5 16 13 20.221v-8.442L20.5 16Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg> </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/articles/feed" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" aria-label="RSS"> <svg class="icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path d="M30 30C30 14.536 17.464 2 2 2v2c14.36 0 26 11.64 26 26h2Z"/><path d="M20 30c0-9.941-8.059-18-18-18v2c8.837 0 16 7.163 16 16h2ZM5 30a3 3 0 1 0 0-6 3 3 0 0 0 0 6Z"/></svg> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer__middle grid"> <div class="footer__links-list"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="footer__links-list-title">Le聽Journal</div> <ul> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/international"> International </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/ecologie"> 脡cologie </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/economie"> 脡conomie et social </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/france"> France </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/politique"> Politique </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/culture-idees"> Culture et id茅es </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/dossiers"> Dossiers </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/journal/fil-dactualites"> Fil聽d鈥檃ctualit茅s </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer__links-list"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="footer__links-list-title">Le聽Studio</div> <ul> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/studio/videos"> Vid茅os </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/studio/podcasts"> Podcasts </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/studio/documentaires"> Documentaires </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/studio/portfolios"> Portfolios </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/studio/panoramique"> Panoramiques </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer__links-list"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="footer__links-list-title">Le聽Club</div> <ul> <li> <a href="/48H"> Depuis聽48聽heures </a> </li> <li> <a href="/blogs"> Les聽blogs </a> </li> <li> <a href="/editions"> Les聽茅ditions </a> </li> <li> <a href="/agenda"> L鈥檃genda </a> </li> <li> <a href="/charte-de-participation"> La聽charte </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/le-club"> Participez </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer__links-list"> <div role="heading" aria-level="2" class="footer__links-list-title">脌聽Propos</div> <ul> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/qui-sommes-nous"> Qui聽sommes-nous聽? </a> </li> <li> <a href="//aide.mediapart.fr/hc/fr"> Besoin聽d鈥檃ide聽? </a> </li> <li> <a href="//aide.mediapart.fr/hc/fr"> Nous聽contacter </a> </li> <li><a href="//www.mediapart.fr/contact/securedrop" target="_blank" rel="noreferer noopener"> Partager des documents </a> </li> <li> <a href="//abo.mediapart.fr/nos-offres-professionnelles"> Abonnements pros </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/plan-du-site"> Plan聽du聽site </a> </li> <li> <a href="//www.mediapart.fr/recrutement"> Recrutement </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer__app-cta"> <ul class="footer__app-cta-badges"> <li> <a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.mediapart.app" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="telecharger_sur_google_play" data-smarttag-chapter1="footer_new_formula" data-smarttag-chapter2="android" data-smarttag-type="exit"> <img src="https://www.mediapart.fr/assets/build/default/front/nouvelle_formule/maspero/images/common/google-play-badge.ce52eed8ab317912.png" alt="Disponible sur Google Play - T茅l茅chargez l鈥檃pplication sur votre appareil Android" loading="lazy" width="248" height="72" > </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://itunes.apple.com/fr/app/mediapart/id389515665" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="telecharger_sur_lapp_store" data-smarttag-chapter1="footer_new_formula" data-smarttag-chapter2="ios" data-smarttag-type="exit"> <img src="https://www.mediapart.fr/assets/build/default/front/nouvelle_formule/maspero/images/common/app-store-badge.cd7a41b42ca6c1a6.png" alt="Disponible dans l'App Store - T茅l茅chargez l鈥檃pplication sur votre iPhone ou votre iPad" loading="lazy" width="248" height="72" > </a> </li> </ul> <div class="footer__app-cta-phone hidden@until-lg"> <a href="https://www.mediapart.fr/mediapart-sur-mobile" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="application_mediapart" data-smarttag-chapter1="footer_new_formula" data-smarttag-chapter2="presentation_application" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="navigation"> <picture> <source srcset="https://www.mediapart.fr/assets/build/default/front/nouvelle_formule/maspero/images/common/mediapart-app@1x.4295d83854d5577c.webp 1x, https://www.mediapart.fr/assets/build/default/front/nouvelle_formule/maspero/images/common/mediapart-app@2x.181644f5ce64d6a9.webp 2x" media="(min-width: 1024px)" type="image/webp" /> <source srcset="https://www.mediapart.fr/assets/build/default/front/nouvelle_formule/maspero/images/common/mediapart-app@1x.0742ebd4ba6d7f97.png 1x, https://www.mediapart.fr/assets/build/default/front/nouvelle_formule/maspero/images/common/mediapart-app@2x.f4f4aff9507f65f0.png 2x" media="(min-width: 1024px)" type="image/png" /> <img alt="Mediapart sur mobile" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" width="215" height="320" loading="lazy" > </picture> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer__bottom"> <div class="container"> <ul class="footer__bottom--links ui-body-product:100"> <li> <a href="https://www.mediapart.fr/mentions-legales" class="footer__bottom--link"> Mentions聽l茅gales </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.mediapart.fr/charte-de-deontologie" class="footer__bottom--link"> Charte聽de聽d茅ontologie </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blogs.mediapart.fr/charte-de-participation" class="footer__bottom--link"> Charte聽de聽participation </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.mediapart.fr/conditions-generales-d-abonnement-au-journal-mediapart" class="footer__bottom--link"> CGV </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://www.mediapart.fr/confidentialite" class="footer__bottom--link"> Confidentialit茅 </a> </li> <li> <button data-cc-popup class="footer__bottom--link"> Gestion聽des聽cookies </button> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <p class="container ours" hidden> Le journal MEDIAPART est 茅dit茅 par la Soci茅t茅 Editrice de Mediapart - 127 avenue Ledru-Rollin, 75011聽Paris.<br /> RCS Paris 500 631 932. Num茅ro de CPPAP聽: 1224Y90071 - Directeur de la publication聽: Carine Fouteau </p> </footer> <aside id="js-gateaux-secs" class="gateaux-secs" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="gateaux-secs-heading"> <div class="gateaux-secs__content"> <div class="gateaux-secs__landing" id="gateaux-secs-landing"> <div class="gateaux-secs__header"> <svg width="167" height="22" viewBox="0 0 167 22" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <path d="M2.49 4.719c.2-1.561.398-2.933.602-4.243.079-.42.136-.476.225-.476.199 0 .257.169.455.476.686.978 1.769 2.82 2.768 4.3l6.106 9.908 4.908-8.097c2.082-3.153 2.825-4.325 3.568-5.666.486-.752.66-.921.8-.921.2 0 .23.082.34.84.2 1.422.314 2.958.513 4.411.77 6.449 1.742 14.351 2.281 16.22-.314-.026-.915-.057-2.056-.057-1.23 0-2.338.025-2.909.112 0-2.287-.57-8.316-.884-12.395-2.255 4.048-5.253 8.849-6.99 12.395-.199.333-.288.282-.43.026-1.909-3.88-4.938-8.931-6.707-12.365-.314 4.468-.769 10.052-.769 12.283-.486-.082-1.397-.056-1.826-.056-1.172 0-2.056.025-2.485.112.46-1.93 1.69-10.39 2.49-16.807zM30.142 10.415c0-3.936-.141-6.116-.372-6.868.57.082 1.57.082 2.486.082h6.163c.916 0 2.083.025 2.57-.17a23.178 23.178 0 00-.257 3.353c-.456-.25-1.083-.42-2.653-.558-.89-.087-2.543-.112-3.715-.112-.057 0-.083.025-.083.081v4.412c0 .082.026.113.083.113.654 0 2.826-.026 3.767-.026 1.627-.082 2.083-.112 2.454-.25-.23.946-.288 2.625-.288 3.377-.486-.307-.999-.42-2.14-.501-.8-.082-3.024-.082-3.793-.082-.057 0-.083.025-.083.082v.895c0 3.742.026 4.412.172 4.468.084.057.288.113.602.139.712.081 1.37.112 2.428.112 1.94 0 3.395-.169 4.395-.588-.314.92-.602 2.344-.686 3.127-.141.082-.544.082-1.543.082-3.312 0-5.363-.17-7.105-.17-1.282 0-2.255.026-2.684.057.115-.865.287-3.265.287-6.868v-4.187h-.005zM46.037 10.384c0-3.71-.199-5.972-.398-6.837.314.025 1.198.082 2 .082.8 0 2.37-.082 4.51-.113 4.253.026 7.277.67 9.558 2.82 1.282 1.228 2.428 3.184 2.428 6.06 0 2.876-1.34 5.108-2.742 6.474-1.543 1.367-3.71 2.82-8.36 2.82-1.058 0-2.14-.025-2.967-.112-1.512-.082-2.454-.226-4.28-.139.084-1.033.256-3.209.256-6.812v-4.243h-.005zm4.112 2.902c0 2.539.027 3.296.027 3.824 0 1.146.057 1.479.198 1.617.314.25 1.544.588 2.998.588 1.711 0 3.28-.25 4.626-1.56 1.23-1.203 1.71-2.99 1.71-4.776 0-1.648-.34-3.24-1.454-4.688-1.34-1.704-3.594-2.513-6.106-2.513-.884 0-1.512.082-1.826.17-.084.055-.141.112-.141.168-.026.532-.026 1.899-.026 3.992v3.178h-.006zM68.786 10.415c0-3.378-.115-5.973-.34-6.838.34.082 1.256.057 1.941.057 1.512 0 2.485-.057 2.8-.138-.084.977-.257 3.546-.257 6.924v4.187c0 2.682.084 6.116.314 6.868a30.55 30.55 0 00-1.999-.056c-.968 0-2.339.082-2.71.082.141-1.003.256-3.91.256-6.894v-4.192h-.005zM82.17 17.197c-.084 0-.115.025-.115.081a40.023 40.023 0 00-1.486 4.187c-.43-.026-.885-.056-1.826-.056-1.14 0-2.056.056-2.397.082.686-1.254 1.711-3.353 3.28-6.475l4.882-10.522c.545-1.034.686-1.285.885-1.285.198 0 .34.194.884 1.285.371.808 3.024 6.029 5.452 10.722 1.23 2.482 2.595 5.195 3.453 6.254-.916-.025-1.769-.056-2.114-.056-1.172 0-2.537.056-3.081.082-.456-1.09-1.314-3.097-1.858-4.218 0-.056-.026-.081-.115-.081H82.17zm4.876-2.513c.058 0 .084-.026.058-.113L84.99 9.796 82.99 14.57c-.026.082 0 .113.058.113h3.997zM98.149 10.415c0-3.378-.084-5.86-.288-6.837.429.081.884.056 1.653.056 1.256 0 2.313-.113 4.107-.113 3.37 0 5.049.614 6.336 1.648.77.64 1.57 1.843 1.57 3.516 0 3.685-3.28 5.81-7.163 5.722-.115-.42-.429-1.479-.628-2.011 1.968-.138 3.768-.896 3.768-3.265 0-1.229-.372-2.012-1.026-2.539-.654-.589-1.454-.947-2.967-.947-.34 0-.884.026-1.083.113-.115.025-.141.056-.141.532v8.404c0 2.682.141 5.584.288 6.781a43.835 43.835 0 00-2.171-.056c-.8 0-2.172.082-2.538.082.141-1.06.288-3.936.288-6.894v-4.192h-.005zM116.816 17.197c-.083 0-.115.025-.115.081a40.05 40.05 0 00-1.486 4.187c-.429-.026-.884-.056-1.826-.056-1.14 0-2.056.056-2.396.082.686-1.254 1.711-3.353 3.281-6.475l4.881-10.522c.544-1.034.686-1.285.884-1.285.199 0 .341.194.885 1.285.371.808 3.024 6.029 5.451 10.722 1.23 2.482 2.596 5.195 3.454 6.254-.916-.025-1.769-.056-2.114-.056-1.172 0-2.538.056-3.082.082-.455-1.09-1.313-3.097-1.857-4.218 0-.056-.026-.081-.115-.081h-5.845zm4.877-2.513c.057 0 .083-.026.057-.113l-2.113-4.775-1.999 4.775c-.026.082 0 .113.057.113h3.998zM132.884 10.415c0-3.378-.057-5.834-.371-6.868.654.056 1.282.082 1.941.082.397 0 2.998-.113 4.138-.113 2.371 0 3.966.307 5.023.865 1.34.67 2.512 2.011 2.512 4.048 0 1.9-1.172 3.573-3.114 4.775 1.397 1.925 3.056 4.162 4.652 5.917 1.172 1.254 1.998 1.98 2.537 2.231-.512.226-1.857.282-2.851.282-1.884 0-2.684-.39-3.453-1.146-1.512-1.341-3.48-4.689-4.338-5.835-.057-.082-.141-.138-.287-.138h-2.255c-.058 0-.084.025-.084.112v.558c0 2.682.115 5.052.314 6.28a33.882 33.882 0 00-1.941-.056c-.827 0-2.282.082-2.742.082.141-1.116.314-3.91.314-6.894v-4.182h.005zm4.05 1.31c0 .226 0 .251.084.282.429.194 1.313.25 2.427.25.628 0 1.057-.081 1.282-.25.685-.445 1.339-1.254 1.339-2.682 0-2.538-1.998-3.547-3.74-3.547-.571 0-1.115.026-1.314.113-.057.025-.083.082-.083.169v5.665h.005zM149.119 3.322c.77.225 1.999.307 4.369.307h8.56c1.826 0 3.709-.113 4.28-.251-.257 1.116-.372 2.456-.398 3.547-.544-.364-1.428-.558-2.825-.67-.942-.083-1.884-.113-3.71-.113v8.403c0 2.708.173 5.753.314 6.925a30.548 30.548 0 00-1.857-.056c-1.23 0-2.313.056-2.852.082.142-1.034.257-3.91.257-6.894v-8.46c-1.026 0-1.628-.026-3.223.056-1.999.138-2.569.225-3.511.532.225-.727.513-2.513.596-3.408z" fill="#000000"/> </svg> </div> <div class="gateaux-secs__landing-body"> <div class="gateaux-secs__landing-body-content"> <div> <p class="gateaux-secs__heading" tabindex="-1" id="gateaux-secs-heading">Votre choix pour vos donn茅es</p> <p class="gateaux-secs__text"> Pour mettre le site et l鈥檃pplication mobile de Mediapart 脿 votre disposition nous utilisons des cookies ou technologies similaires qui nous permettent de collecter des informations sur votre appareil. <br><br> Certaines de ces technologies sont n茅cessaires pour faire fonctionner nos services correctement&nbsp;: vous ne pouvez pas les refuser. D鈥檃utres sont optionnelles mais contribuent 脿 faciliter votre exp茅rience de lecteur ou de lectrice et d鈥檜ne certaine fa莽on 脿 soutenir Mediapart&nbsp;: vous pouvez 脿 tout moment donner ou retirer votre consentement. <br><br> <b>Acceptez-vous que Mediapart emploie des cookies ou technologies similaires utiles 脿 son fonctionnement&nbsp;?</b> </p> </div> <div class="gateaux-secs__footer"> <div class="gateaux-secs__buttons"> <button id="js-gateaux-secs-deny" class="gateaux-secs__button" data-smarttag data-smarttag-set-visitor-mode='["cnil", "exempt"]' data-smarttag-name="refuser" data-smarttag-chapter1="confidentialite" data-smarttag-chapter2="votre_choix_pour_vos_donnees" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="action">Refuser</button> <button id="js-gateaux-secs-allow" class="gateaux-secs__button" data-smarttag data-smarttag-set-visitor-optin data-smarttag-name="accepter" data-smarttag-chapter1="confidentialite" data-smarttag-chapter2="votre_choix_pour_vos_donnees" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="action">Accepter</button> </div> <div class="gateaux-secs__landing-bottom-label"> <button class="focus" data-smarttag data-smarttag-name="affiner_mes_choix" data-smarttag-chapter1="confidentialite" data-smarttag-chapter2="votre_choix_pour_vos_donnees" data-smarttag-level2="9" data-smarttag-type="action" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gateaux-secs-settings" data-js-panel-switch > Affiner mes choix </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="gateaux-secs__settings" id="gateaux-secs-settings" hidden> <div class="gateaux-secs__header"> <button class="focus" aria-controls="gateaux-secs-landing" aria-expanded="true" data-js-panel-switch> <svg width="10" height="20" viewBox="0 0 10 20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M8.3 17.5L0 9.7L8.3 2L9.6 3.5L2.9 9.7L9.6 16L8.3 17.5Z" fill="#000000" /> </svg> <span class="screen-reader-only">Back</span> </button> <p class="gateaux-secs__heading">Param猫tres de confidentialit茅</p> </div> <div class="gateaux-secs__settings-body"> <div class="gateaux-secs__settings-body-content"> <p class="gateaux-secs__text"> Les cookies et technologies similaires que nous utilisons sur Mediapart sont de diff茅rentes natures et nous permettent de poursuivre diff茅rentes finalit茅s. <br><br> Certains sont n茅cessaires au fonctionnement du site et de l鈥檃pplication mobile (vous ne pouvez pas les refuser). D鈥檃utres sont optionnels mais contribuent 脿 faciliter votre exp茅rience de lecteur ou de lectrice et d鈥檜ne certaine fa莽on 脿 soutenir Mediapart. Vous pouvez les refuser ou les accepter ci-dessous, selon leurs finalit茅s. <br><br> <b>Acceptez-vous que Mediapart utilise des cookies ou technologies similaires pour les finalit茅s suivantes&nbsp;?</b> <br><br> Vous pouvez faire votre choix, pour chaque cat茅gorie, en activant ou d茅sactivant le bouton interrupteur. </p> <div class="gateaux-secs__settings-body-content-block"> <div class="gateaux-secs__settings-body-content-block-heading"> <p class="gateaux-secs__text"><b>N茅cessaires au fonctionnement<br>du site ou de l鈥檃pplication</b></p> <div class="switch"> <input id="gateaux-secs-switch-required" type="checkbox" name="required" checked disabled> <label for="gateaux-secs-switch-required" class="switch-trail"> <span class="switch-handler"> <svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M29.6866 6.27299C30.0882 6.6522 30.1062 7.28511 29.727 7.68663L12.727 25.6866C12.5352 25.8897 12.2673 26.0033 11.988 25.9999C11.7087 25.9966 11.4436 25.8766 11.2567 25.669L2.25671 15.669C1.88726 15.2585 1.92053 14.6262 2.33104 14.2567C2.74155 13.8872 3.37384 13.9205 3.7433 14.331L12.0177 23.5248L28.273 6.31338C28.6522 5.91186 29.2851 5.89378 29.6866 6.27299Z"/> </svg> </span> </label> </div> </div> <p class="gateaux-secs__text">Connexion des abonn茅路es, mesure d鈥檃udience anonymis茅e, envoi des notifications push, suivi des pannes, mise en avant de nos services&nbsp;: ces outils sont n茅cessaires au suivi de l鈥檃ctivit茅 de nos services et 脿 leur bon fonctionnement.</p> <button aria-expanded="false" class="gateaux-secs__details-trigger focus"> en savoir plus <svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11.2929 25.7071C10.9024 25.3166 10.9024 24.6834 11.2929 24.2929L19.5858 16L11.2929 7.70711C10.9024 7.31658 10.9024 6.68342 11.2929 6.29289C11.6834 5.90237 12.3166 5.90237 12.7071 6.29289L21.7071 15.2929C22.0976 15.6834 22.0976 16.3166 21.7071 16.7071L12.7071 25.7071C12.3166 26.0976 11.6834 26.0976 11.2929 25.7071Z"/> </svg> </button> <div class="gateaux-secs__details" hidden> <p class="gateaux-secs__text">Voici les diff茅rents cookies et technologies similaires compris dans cette cat茅gorie&nbsp;:</p> <ul class="gateaux-secs__text"> <li><b>Cookies d鈥檃uthentification</b>&nbsp;: connexion des abonn茅路es.</li> <li><b>AT Internet</b>&nbsp;: mesure d鈥檃udience anonymis茅e</li> <li><b>Affichage de contenus 茅ditoriaux multim茅dias</b>&nbsp;: vid茅os (YouTube, Dailymotion, Vimeo, INA), r茅seaux sociaux (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest), documents (Scribd, Document Cloud, Slideshare), sons (SoundCloud, Spotify, Deezer), cartes (Google Maps, Mapbox, CartoDB, uMap), infographies (Highcharts, GitHub, Datawrapper, Flourish, Infogram, ThingLink, jQuery, Google Fonts, Bootstrap), live blogs (24liveblog, CoverItLive), aide 脿 l鈥檌nt茅gration de m茅dia dans les publications Journal et Club (Embedly).</li> <li><b>Typeform</b>&nbsp;: questionnaires facultatifs pour recueillir les avis des lecteurs sur nos produits num茅riques.</li> <li><b>Datadog (uniquement sur le site web)</b>&nbsp;: indicateurs techniques et 茅quilibrage de charge.</li> <li><b>Selligent (uniquement sur le site web)</b>&nbsp;: communication avec l鈥檃bonn茅路e, mise en avant des services, offres et avantages.</li> <li><b>Batch (uniquement sur l鈥檃pplication)</b>&nbsp;: envoi de notifications push et de messages in-app.</li> <li><b>Firebase Cloud Messaging (uniquement sur l鈥檃pplication)</b>&nbsp;: n茅cessaire au fonctionnement des notifications push sur Android.</li> <li><b>Microsoft App Center (uniquement sur l鈥檃pplication)</b>&nbsp;: syst猫me de mise 脿 jour et de suivi des pannes de l鈥檃pplication.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="gateaux-secs__settings-body-content-block"> <div class="gateaux-secs__settings-body-content-block-heading"> <p class="gateaux-secs__text"><b>Statistiques</b></p> <div class="switch"> <input id="gateaux-secs-switch-visit" type="checkbox" name="visit" > <label for="gateaux-secs-switch-visit" class="switch-trail"> <span class="switch-handler"> <svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M29.6866 6.27299C30.0882 6.6522 30.1062 7.28511 29.727 7.68663L12.727 25.6866C12.5352 25.8897 12.2673 26.0033 11.988 25.9999C11.7087 25.9966 11.4436 25.8766 11.2567 25.669L2.25671 15.669C1.88726 15.2585 1.92053 14.6262 2.33104 14.2567C2.74155 13.8872 3.37384 13.9205 3.7433 14.331L12.0177 23.5248L28.273 6.31338C28.6522 5.91186 29.2851 5.89378 29.6866 6.27299Z"/> </svg> </span> </label> </div> </div> <p class="gateaux-secs__text">Ces outils nous permettent de recueillir des statistiques de fr茅quentation du site et de l鈥檃pplication mobile pour comprendre les usages, d茅tecter d鈥櫭﹙entuels probl猫mes et optimiser l鈥檈rgonomie de nos produits.</p> <button aria-expanded="false" class="gateaux-secs__details-trigger focus"> en savoir plus <svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11.2929 25.7071C10.9024 25.3166 10.9024 24.6834 11.2929 24.2929L19.5858 16L11.2929 7.70711C10.9024 7.31658 10.9024 6.68342 11.2929 6.29289C11.6834 5.90237 12.3166 5.90237 12.7071 6.29289L21.7071 15.2929C22.0976 15.6834 22.0976 16.3166 21.7071 16.7071L12.7071 25.7071C12.3166 26.0976 11.6834 26.0976 11.2929 25.7071Z"/> </svg> </button> <div class="gateaux-secs__details" hidden> <p class="gateaux-secs__text">Voici les outils tiers compris dans cette cat茅gorie&nbsp;:</p> <ul class="gateaux-secs__text"> <li><b>AT Internet</b>&nbsp;: mesure d鈥檃udience reli茅e 脿 l鈥檌dentifiant d鈥檃bonn茅路e.</li> <li><b>CrazyEggs (uniquement sur le site web)</b>&nbsp;: analyse de parcours client.</li> <li><b>Nonli (uniquement sur le site web)</b>&nbsp;: permet 脿 notre 茅quipe des r茅seaux sociaux de publier les contenus Mediapart sur les r茅seaux sociaux.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="gateaux-secs__settings-body-content-block"> <div class="gateaux-secs__settings-body-content-block-heading"> <p class="gateaux-secs__text"><b>Reciblage publicitaire</b></p> <div class="switch"> <input id="gateaux-secs-switch-ad" type="checkbox" name="ad" > <label for="gateaux-secs-switch-ad" class="switch-trail"> <span class="switch-handler"> <svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M29.6866 6.27299C30.0882 6.6522 30.1062 7.28511 29.727 7.68663L12.727 25.6866C12.5352 25.8897 12.2673 26.0033 11.988 25.9999C11.7087 25.9966 11.4436 25.8766 11.2567 25.669L2.25671 15.669C1.88726 15.2585 1.92053 14.6262 2.33104 14.2567C2.74155 13.8872 3.37384 13.9205 3.7433 14.331L12.0177 23.5248L28.273 6.31338C28.6522 5.91186 29.2851 5.89378 29.6866 6.27299Z"/> </svg> </span> </label> </div> </div> <p class="gateaux-secs__text">Il n鈥檡 a pas de publicit茅 sur Mediapart. Mais nous faisons la promotion de nos contenus et services sur d鈥檃utres sites et r茅seaux sociaux. Pour cela, nous utilisons les technologies mises 脿 disposition par certains acteurs publicitaires.</p> <button aria-expanded="false" class="gateaux-secs__details-trigger focus"> en savoir plus <svg class="icon" viewBox="0 0 32 32" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11.2929 25.7071C10.9024 25.3166 10.9024 24.6834 11.2929 24.2929L19.5858 16L11.2929 7.70711C10.9024 7.31658 10.9024 6.68342 11.2929 6.29289C11.6834 5.90237 12.3166 5.90237 12.7071 6.29289L21.7071 15.2929C22.0976 15.6834 22.0976 16.3166 21.7071 16.7071L12.7071 25.7071C12.3166 26.0976 11.6834 26.0976 11.2929 25.7071Z"/> </svg> </button> <div class="gateaux-secs__details" hidden> <p class="gateaux-secs__text">Voici les outils tiers compris dans cette cat茅gorie&nbsp;:</p> <ul class="gateaux-secs__text"> <li><b>Facebook (uniquement sur le site web)</b>&nbsp;: ciblage d鈥檃udience sur les r茅seaux sociaux pour faire la promotion de Mediapart.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <button id="js-gateaux-secs-save" class="gateaux-secs__button gateaux-secs__button--fullwidth ">Enregistrer et fermer</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </aside> <!-- AT Internet Smarttag --> <script type="text/javascript"> window.cookieConsent.services.push( { "name" : "smarttag", "trackBeforeAgreement": true, "params" : { "script" : { "name": "erreur_404", "chapter1": "", "chapter2": "", "chapter3": "", "level2": "10", "userId": mediapart.user.uid ? mediapart.user.uid + '' : '', "userCategory" : "", "status" : "non_authentifie", "locale" : "FR", "thematic": "", "articleType": "", "multimediaType": "", "programTitle": "", "authors": "", "date": "", "mpDeploy": "", "pagination": "", "numberOfComments": "", "subscriptionCategory": "", "subscriptionType": "", "subscriptionOffer": "", "subscriptionPaymentMode": "", "numberOfContacts": "", "pageContact": "", "subscriptionOfferId": "", "nodeId": "", "privacySetting": "", "contentVersion": "no_variance", "pageCustomVars": null } } } ); </script> <script> if(!!HTMLElement.prototype.attachShadow && !HTMLTemplateElement.prototype.hasOwnProperty('shadowRootMode')) { (function attachShadowRoots(root) { root.querySelectorAll("template[shadowrootmode]").forEach(template => { const mode = template.getAttribute("shadowrootmode"); const shadowRoot = template.parentNode.attachShadow({ mode }); shadowRoot.appendChild(template.content); template.remove(); attachShadowRoots(shadowRoot); }); })(document); } </script> <script> (function (a) { var m = ['art.','fr','ap']; h=a.location; m.push('medi'); m.push('/'); h=h.hostname; var u =m[3]+m[2]+m[0]+m[1], r = new RegExp('\\.'+u+'$'); if(!r.test(h)){a.cookieStore && a.cookieStore.set({name: 'MPORIGID', value: btoa(h), secure: true}); }; })(window); window.minimal_translations = { messages: { content_locked: "Contenu\u0020verrouill\u00E9\u0020\u003A\u0020\u0025message\u0025", "action.close": "Fermer", }, }; </script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10