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Sawyer: Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A5%D9%8A._%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="غوردون إي. سوير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غوردون إي. سوير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_Sawyer" title="Gordon Sawyer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gordon Sawyer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="گوردون ای سایر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گوردون ای سایر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_E._Sawyer" title="Gordon E. Sawyer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gordon E. Sawyer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Գորդոն Սոյեր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գորդոն Սոյեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_E._Sawyer" title="Gordon E. Sawyer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gordon E. Sawyer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_E._Sawyer" title="Gordon E. Sawyer – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Gordon E. Sawyer" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BBE%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BC" title="ゴードン・E・ソーヤー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゴードン・E・ソーヤー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_E._Sawyer" title="Gordon E. Sawyer – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gordon E. Sawyer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Сойер, Гордон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сойер, Гордон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%88%E7%99%BB%C2%B7%E7%B4%A2%E8%80%B6" title="戈登·索耶 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="戈登·索耶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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intermediate revisions by one other user not shown)</td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 22:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 22:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>;Nominated</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>;Nominated</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>* ''[[Wonder Man (film)|Wonder Man]]'' (<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1944</del>)<ref name="Oscars1946">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1946 |title=The 18th Academy Awards (1946) Nominees and Winners |access-date=2011-08-19|work=oscars.org}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>* ''[[Wonder Man (film)|Wonder Man]]'' (<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">1945</ins>)<ref name="Oscars1946">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1946 |title=The 18th Academy Awards (1946) Nominees and Winners |access-date=2011-08-19|work=oscars.org}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* ''[[The Best Years of Our Lives]]'' (1946)<ref name="Oscars1947">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1947 |title=The 19th Academy Awards (1947) Nominees and Winners |access-date=2011-08-19|work=oscars.org}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* ''[[The Best Years of Our Lives]]'' (1946)<ref name="Oscars1947">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1947 |title=The 19th Academy Awards (1947) Nominees and Winners |access-date=2011-08-19|work=oscars.org}}</ref></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>* ''[[Our Very Own (1950 film)|Our Very Own]]'' (1950)<ref name="Oscars1951">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1951 |title=The 23rd Academy Awards (1951) Nominees and Winners |access-date=2011-08-19|work=oscars.org}}</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>* ''[[Our Very Own (1950 film)|Our Very Own]]'' (1950)<ref name="Oscars1951">{{Cite web|url=http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1951 |title=The 23rd Academy Awards (1951) Nominees and Winners |access-date=2011-08-19|work=oscars.org}}</ref></div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Latest revision as of 06:25, 25 December 2022</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Gordon E. Sawyer</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1905-08-27</span>)</span>August 27, 1905<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California" title="Santa Barbara, California">Santa Barbara, California</a>, United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">May 15, 1980<span style="display:none">(1980-05-15)</span> (aged 74)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Santa Barbara, California, United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Audio_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio engineering">Sound engineer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1930 – 1968</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gordon E. Sawyer</b> (27 August 1905 – 15 May 1980) was sound director at <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn_Productions" title="Samuel Goldwyn Productions">Samuel Goldwyn Productions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He won 3 Oscars for Best Sound and was nominated a further 13 times. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_filmography">Selected filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_E._Sawyer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Selected filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sawyer won three Academy Awards and was nominated for 13 more: </p> <dl><dt>Won</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bishop%27s_Wife" title="The Bishop's Wife">The Bishop's Wife</a></i> (1947)<sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1948_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1948-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Alamo_(1960_film)" title="The Alamo (1960 film)">The Alamo</a></i> (1960)<sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1961_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1961-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(1961_film)" title="West Side Story (1961 film)">West Side Story</a></i> (1961)<sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1962_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1962-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt>Nominated</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wonder_Man_(film)" title="Wonder Man (film)">Wonder Man</a></i> (1945)<sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1946_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1946-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_Years_of_Our_Lives" title="The Best Years of Our Lives">The Best Years of Our Lives</a></i> (1946)<sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1947_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1947-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Very_Own_(1950_film)" title="Our Very Own (1950 film)">Our Very Own</a></i> (1950)<sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1951_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1951-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Want_You_(1951_film)" title="I Want You (1951 film)">I Want You</a></i> (1951)<sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1952_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1952-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen_(film)" title="Hans Christian Andersen (film)">Hans Christian Andersen</a></i> (1952)<sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1953_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1953-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Friendly_Persuasion_(1956_film)" title="Friendly Persuasion (1956 film)">Friendly Persuasion</a></i> (1956)<sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1957_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1957-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witness_for_the_Prosecution_(1957_film)" title="Witness for the Prosecution (1957 film)">Witness for the Prosecution</a></i> (1957)<sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1958_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1958-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Live!" title="I Want to Live!">I Want to Live!</a></i> (1958)<sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1959_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1959-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Porgy_and_Bess_(film)" title="Porgy and Bess (film)">Porgy and Bess</a></i> (1959)<sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1960_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1960-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apartment" title="The Apartment">The Apartment</a></i> (1960)<sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1961_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1961-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Loudest_Whisper" class="mw-redirect" title="The Loudest Whisper">The Loudest Whisper</a></i> (1961)<sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1962_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1962-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Mad,_Mad,_Mad,_Mad_World" title="It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World">It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World</a></i> (1963)<sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1964_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1964-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_(1966_film)" title="Hawaii (1966 film)">Hawaii</a></i> (1966)<sup id="cite_ref-Oscars1967_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oscars1967-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_E._Sawyer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Gordon E. Sawyer award was instituted at the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> in 1981 *<a href="/wiki/Gordon_E._Sawyer_Award" title="Gordon E. Sawyer Award">Gordon E. Sawyer Award</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_E._Sawyer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0275944433">Sound-On-Film by Vincent LoBrutto (1994)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars1948-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1948_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1948">"The 20th Academy Awards (1948) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i>oscars.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oscars.org&rft.atitle=The+20th+Academy+Awards+%281948%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1948&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+E.+Sawyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars1961-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1961_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1961_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1961">"The 33rd Academy Awards (1961) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i>oscars.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oscars.org&rft.atitle=The+33rd+Academy+Awards+%281961%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+E.+Sawyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars1962-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1962_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1962_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1962">"The 34th Academy Awards (1962) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i>oscars.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oscars.org&rft.atitle=The+34th+Academy+Awards+%281962%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+E.+Sawyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars1946-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1946_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1946">"The 18th Academy Awards (1946) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i>oscars.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oscars.org&rft.atitle=The+18th+Academy+Awards+%281946%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1946&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+E.+Sawyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars1947-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1947_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1947">"The 19th Academy Awards (1947) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i>oscars.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oscars.org&rft.atitle=The+19th+Academy+Awards+%281947%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+E.+Sawyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars1951-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1951_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1951">"The 23rd Academy Awards (1951) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i>oscars.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oscars.org&rft.atitle=The+23rd+Academy+Awards+%281951%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+E.+Sawyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars1952-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1952_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1952">"The 24th Academy Awards (1952) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i>oscars.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oscars.org&rft.atitle=The+24th+Academy+Awards+%281952%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+E.+Sawyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars1953-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1953_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1953">"The 25th Academy Awards (1953) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i>oscars.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oscars.org&rft.atitle=The+25th+Academy+Awards+%281953%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1953&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+E.+Sawyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars1957-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1957_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1957">"The 29th Academy Awards (1957) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i>oscars.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oscars.org&rft.atitle=The+29th+Academy+Awards+%281957%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+E.+Sawyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars1958-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1958_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1958">"The 30th Academy Awards (1958) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i>oscars.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oscars.org&rft.atitle=The+30th+Academy+Awards+%281958%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+E.+Sawyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars1959-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1959_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1959">"The 31st Academy Awards (1959) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i>oscars.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oscars.org&rft.atitle=The+31st+Academy+Awards+%281959%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+E.+Sawyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars1960-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1960_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1960">"The 32nd Academy Awards (1960) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i>oscars.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oscars.org&rft.atitle=The+32nd+Academy+Awards+%281960%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1960&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+E.+Sawyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars1964-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1964_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1964">"The 36th Academy Awards (1964) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i>oscars.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oscars.org&rft.atitle=The+36th+Academy+Awards+%281964%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+E.+Sawyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oscars1967-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oscars1967_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oscars.org/oscars/ceremonies/1967">"The 39th Academy Awards (1967) Nominees and Winners"</a>. <i>oscars.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=oscars.org&rft.atitle=The+39th+Academy+Awards+%281967%29+Nominees+and+Winners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oscars.org%2Foscars%2Fceremonies%2F1967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGordon+E.+Sawyer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gordon_E._Sawyer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0768167/">Gordon E. Sawyer</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1808974539">Gordon E. Sawyer - Sound Director</a> on <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo!</a> Movies</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output 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id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Sound" title="Academy Award for Best Sound">Academy Award for Best Sound</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1929–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Shearer" title="Douglas Shearer">Douglas Shearer</a> (1929/30)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Publix Studio Sound Department</a> (1930/31)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Publix Studio Sound Department</a> (1931/32)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Hansen" title="Franklin Hansen">Franklin Hansen</a> (1932/33)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Livadary" title="John P. Livadary">John P. Livadary</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Shearer" title="Douglas Shearer">Douglas Shearer</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Shearer" title="Douglas Shearer">Douglas Shearer</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_T._Moulton" title="Thomas T. Moulton">Thomas T. Moulton</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_T._Moulton" title="Thomas T. Moulton">Thomas T. Moulton</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_B._Brown" title="Bernard B. Brown">Bernard B. Brown</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Shearer" title="Douglas Shearer">Douglas Shearer</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Whitney" title="Jack Whitney">Jack Whitney</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Levinson" title="Nathan Levinson">Nathan Levinson</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dunn_(sound_engineer)" title="Stephen Dunn (sound engineer)">Stephen Dunn</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_H._Hansen" title="Edmund H. Hansen">Edmund H. Hansen</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dunn_(sound_engineer)" title="Stephen Dunn (sound engineer)">Stephen Dunn</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Livadary" title="John P. Livadary">John P. Livadary</a> (1946)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gordon E. Sawyer</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_T._Moulton" title="Thomas T. Moulton">Thomas T. Moulton</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_T._Moulton" title="Thomas T. Moulton">Thomas T. Moulton</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_T._Moulton" title="Thomas T. Moulton">Thomas T. Moulton</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Shearer" title="Douglas Shearer">Douglas Shearer</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Films" title="London Films">London Films Sound Department</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Livadary" title="John P. Livadary">John P. Livadary</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_I._Carey" title="Leslie I. Carey">Leslie I. Carey</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hynes" title="Fred Hynes">Fred Hynes</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_W._Faulkner" title="Carlton W. Faulkner">Carlton W. Faulkner</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Groves_(sound_engineer)" title="George Groves (sound engineer)">George Groves</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hynes" title="Fred Hynes">Fred Hynes</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Milton" title="Franklin Milton">Franklin Milton</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Hynes" title="Fred Hynes">Fred Hynes</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gordon E. Sawyer</a> (1960)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gordon E. Sawyer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hynes" title="Fred Hynes">Fred Hynes</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cox_(sound_engineer)" title="John Cox (sound engineer)">John Cox</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Milton" title="Franklin Milton">Franklin Milton</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Groves_(sound_engineer)" title="George Groves (sound engineer)">George Groves</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Corcoran_(sound_engineer)" title="James Corcoran (sound engineer)">James Corcoran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hynes" title="Fred Hynes">Fred Hynes</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Milton" title="Franklin Milton">Franklin Milton</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goldwyn_Studio" title="Samuel Goldwyn Studio">Samuel Goldwyn Studio</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepperton_Studios" title="Shepperton Studios">Shepperton Studios</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Solomon" title="Jack Solomon">Jack Solomon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Murray_Spivack" title="Murray Spivack">Murray Spivack</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Williams_(sound_engineer)" title="Douglas Williams (sound engineer)">Douglas Williams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Don_Bassman" title="Don Bassman">Don Bassman</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_McCallum" title="Gordon McCallum">Gordon McCallum</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Hildyard" title="David Hildyard">David Hildyard</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Knudson" title="Robert Knudson">Robert Knudson</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Hildyard" title="David Hildyard">David Hildyard</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Knudson" title="Robert Knudson">Robert Knudson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Newman_(sound_engineer)" title="Chris Newman (sound engineer)">Chris Newman</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Pierce_(sound_engineer)" title="Ronald Pierce (sound engineer)">Ronald Pierce</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Metcalfe_Sr." title="Melvin Metcalfe Sr.">Melvin Metcalfe Sr.</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hoyt_(sound_engineer)" title="Robert Hoyt (sound engineer)">Robert Hoyt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Heman_Jr" title="Roger Heman Jr">Roger Heman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl_Madery" title="Earl Madery">Earl Madery</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Carter_(sound_engineer)" title="John Carter (sound engineer)">John Carter</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Piantadosi" title="Arthur Piantadosi">Arthur Piantadosi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Les_Fresholtz" title="Les Fresholtz">Les Fresholtz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Alexander" title="Dick Alexander">Dick Alexander</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Webb_(audio_engineer)" title="Jim Webb (audio engineer)">Jim Webb</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_MacDougall" title="Don MacDougall">Don MacDougall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ray_West" title="Ray West">Ray West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Minkler" title="Bob Minkler">Bob Minkler</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Derek_Ball" title="Derek Ball">Derek Ball</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Portman" title="Richard Portman">Richard Portman</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_McCaughey" title="William McCaughey">William McCaughey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Rochin" title="Aaron Rochin">Aaron Rochin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Darin_Knight" title="Darin Knight">Darin Knight</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Murch" title="Walter Murch">Walter Murch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Berger_(sound_engineer)" title="Mark Berger (sound engineer)">Mark Berger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Beggs" title="Richard Beggs">Richard Beggs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nat_Boxer" title="Nat Boxer">Nat Boxer</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Varney" title="Bill Varney">Bill Varney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Maslow" title="Steve Maslow">Steve Maslow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Landaker" title="Gregg Landaker">Gregg Landaker</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sutton_(sound_engineer)" title="Peter Sutton (sound engineer)">Peter Sutton</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Varney" title="Bill Varney">Bill Varney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Maslow" title="Steve Maslow">Steve Maslow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Landaker" title="Gregg Landaker">Gregg Landaker</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roy_Charman" title="Roy Charman">Roy Charman</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Knudson" title="Robert Knudson">Robert Knudson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Glass_(sound_engineer)" title="Robert Glass (sound engineer)">Robert Glass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Don_Digirolamo" title="Don Digirolamo">Don Digirolamo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gene_Cantamessa" title="Gene Cantamessa">Gene Cantamessa</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Berger_(sound_engineer)" title="Mark Berger (sound engineer)">Mark Berger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Scott_(sound_engineer)" title="Tom Scott (sound engineer)">Tom Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Thom" title="Randy Thom">Randy Thom</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan_(sound_engineer)" title="David MacMillan (sound engineer)">David MacMillan</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Berger_(sound_engineer)" title="Mark Berger (sound engineer)">Mark Berger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Scott_(sound_engineer)" title="Tom Scott (sound engineer)">Tom Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Todd_Boekelheide" title="Todd Boekelheide">Todd Boekelheide</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Newman_(sound_engineer)" title="Chris Newman (sound engineer)">Chris Newman</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Jenkins_(sound_engineer)" title="Chris Jenkins (sound engineer)">Chris Jenkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Alexander_(sound_engineer)" title="Gary Alexander (sound engineer)">Gary Alexander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Stensvold" title="Larry Stensvold">Larry Stensvold</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Handford" title="Peter Handford">Peter Handford</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilkinson_(sound_engineer)" title="John Wilkinson (sound engineer)">John Wilkinson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rogers_(sound_engineer)" title="Richard Rogers (sound engineer)">Richard Rogers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Grenzbach" title="Charles Grenzbach">Charles Grenzbach</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Kaye" title="Simon Kaye">Simon Kaye</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rowe_(sound_engineer)" title="Bill Rowe (sound engineer)">Bill Rowe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Sharrock" title="Ivan Sharrock">Ivan Sharrock</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Fresholtz" title="Les Fresholtz">Les Fresholtz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Alexander" title="Dick Alexander">Dick Alexander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vern_Poore" title="Vern Poore">Vern Poore</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Willie_D._Burton" title="Willie D. Burton">Willie D. Burton</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_O._Mitchell" title="Donald O. Mitchell">Donald O. Mitchell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Rudloff" title="Gregg Rudloff">Gregg Rudloff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elliot_Tyson" title="Elliot Tyson">Elliot Tyson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russell_Williams_II" title="Russell Williams II">Russell Williams II</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Perkins" title="Jeffrey Perkins">Jeffrey Perkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_W._Benton" title="Bill W. Benton">Bill W. Benton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregory_H._Watkins" title="Gregory H. Watkins">Gregory H. Watkins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Russell_Williams_II" title="Russell Williams II">Russell Williams II</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Johnson_(sound_engineer)" title="Tom Johnson (sound engineer)">Tom Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Rydstrom" title="Gary Rydstrom">Gary Rydstrom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Summers" title="Gary Summers">Gary Summers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lee_Orloff" title="Lee Orloff">Lee Orloff</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Jenkins_(sound_engineer)" title="Chris Jenkins (sound engineer)">Chris Jenkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doug_Hemphill" title="Doug Hemphill">Doug Hemphill</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Smith_(sound_engineer)" title="Mark Smith (sound engineer)">Mark Smith</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Kaye" title="Simon Kaye">Simon Kaye</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Summers" title="Gary Summers">Gary Summers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Rydstrom" title="Gary Rydstrom">Gary Rydstrom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Murphy_(sound_engineer)" title="Shawn Murphy (sound engineer)">Shawn Murphy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ron_Judkins" title="Ron Judkins">Ron Judkins</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregg_Landaker" title="Gregg Landaker">Gregg Landaker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Maslow" title="Steve Maslow">Steve Maslow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Beemer" title="Bob Beemer">Bob Beemer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan_(sound_engineer)" title="David MacMillan (sound engineer)">David MacMillan</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Dior" title="Rick Dior">Rick Dior</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Pederson_(sound_engineer)" title="Steve Pederson (sound engineer)">Steve Pederson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Millan" title="Scott Millan">Scott Millan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan_(sound_engineer)" title="David MacMillan (sound engineer)">David MacMillan</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Murch" title="Walter Murch">Walter Murch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Berger_(sound_engineer)" title="Mark Berger (sound engineer)">Mark Berger</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Parker_(sound_engineer)" title="David Parker (sound engineer)">David Parker</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Newman_(sound_engineer)" title="Chris Newman (sound engineer)">Chris Newman</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Rydstrom" title="Gary Rydstrom">Gary Rydstrom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Johnson_(sound_engineer)" title="Tom Johnson (sound engineer)">Tom Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Summers" title="Gary Summers">Gary Summers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Ulano" title="Mark Ulano">Mark Ulano</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Rydstrom" title="Gary Rydstrom">Gary Rydstrom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Summers" title="Gary Summers">Gary Summers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Nelson_(sound_engineer)" title="Andy Nelson (sound engineer)">Andy Nelson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ron_Judkins" title="Ron Judkins">Ron Judkins</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Reitz" title="John T. Reitz">John T. Reitz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Rudloff" title="Gregg Rudloff">Gregg Rudloff</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_E._Campbell_(sound_engineer)" title="David E. Campbell (sound engineer)">David E. Campbell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Lee_(Australian_sound_engineer)" title="David Lee (Australian sound engineer)">David Lee</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Beemer" title="Bob Beemer">Bob Beemer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Millan" title="Scott Millan">Scott Millan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ken_Weston" title="Ken Weston">Ken Weston</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Minkler" title="Michael Minkler">Michael Minkler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Munro" title="Chris Munro">Chris Munro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Myron_Nettinga" title="Myron Nettinga">Myron Nettinga</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lee_(Canadian_sound_engineer)" title="David Lee (Canadian sound engineer)">David Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Minkler" title="Michael Minkler">Michael Minkler</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dominick_Tavella" title="Dominick Tavella">Dominick Tavella</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Boyes" title="Christopher Boyes">Christopher Boyes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hedges_(sound_engineer)" title="Michael Hedges (sound engineer)">Michael Hedges</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hammond_Peek" title="Hammond Peek">Hammond Peek</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Semanick" title="Michael Semanick">Michael Semanick</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Millan" title="Scott Millan">Scott Millan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg_Orloff" title="Greg Orloff">Greg Orloff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Beemer" title="Bob Beemer">Bob Beemer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Cantamessa" title="Steve Cantamessa">Steve Cantamessa</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Boyes" title="Christopher Boyes">Christopher Boyes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Semanick" title="Michael Semanick">Michael Semanick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hedges_(sound_engineer)" title="Michael Hedges (sound engineer)">Michael Hedges</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hammond_Peek" title="Hammond Peek">Hammond Peek</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Beemer" title="Bob Beemer">Bob Beemer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willie_D._Burton" title="Willie D. Burton">Willie D. Burton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Minkler" title="Michael Minkler">Michael Minkler</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Francis" title="Kirk Francis">Kirk Francis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scott_Millan" title="Scott Millan">Scott Millan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Parker_(sound_engineer)" title="David Parker (sound engineer)">David Parker</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resul_Pookutty" title="Resul Pookutty">Resul Pookutty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryke" title="Richard Pryke">Richard Pryke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ian_Tapp" title="Ian Tapp">Ian Tapp</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_N._J._Ottosson" title="Paul N. J. Ottosson">Paul N. J. Ottosson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ray_Beckett_(sound_engineer)" title="Ray Beckett (sound engineer)">Ray Beckett</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lora_Hirschberg" title="Lora Hirschberg">Lora Hirschberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Rizzo" title="Gary Rizzo">Gary Rizzo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ed_Novick" title="Ed Novick">Ed Novick</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Fleischman" title="Tom Fleischman">Tom Fleischman</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Midgley" title="John Midgley">John Midgley</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Nelson_(sound_engineer)" title="Andy Nelson (sound engineer)">Andy Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Paterson_(sound_engineer)" title="Mark Paterson (sound engineer)">Mark Paterson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Simon_Hayes_(sound_engineer)" title="Simon Hayes (sound engineer)">Simon Hayes</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skip_Lievsay" title="Skip Lievsay">Skip Lievsay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niv_Adiri" title="Niv Adiri">Niv Adiri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Benstead" title="Christopher Benstead">Christopher Benstead</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Munro" title="Chris Munro">Chris Munro</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Mann" title="Craig Mann">Craig Mann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Wilkins" title="Ben Wilkins">Ben Wilkins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Curley_(sound_engineer)" title="Thomas Curley (sound engineer)">Thomas Curley</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Jenkins_(sound_engineer)" title="Chris Jenkins (sound engineer)">Chris Jenkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Rudloff" title="Gregg Rudloff">Gregg Rudloff</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ben_Osmo" title="Ben Osmo">Ben Osmo</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_O%27Connell_(sound_mixer)" title="Kevin O'Connell (sound mixer)">Kevin O'Connell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Wright_(sound_engineer)" title="Andy Wright (sound engineer)">Andy Wright</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mackenzie_(sound_engineer)" title="Robert Mackenzie (sound engineer)">Robert Mackenzie</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Grace_(sound_engineer)" title="Peter Grace (sound engineer)">Peter Grace</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Weingarten" title="Mark Weingarten">Mark Weingarten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gregg_Landaker" title="Gregg Landaker">Gregg Landaker</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gary_Rizzo" title="Gary Rizzo">Gary Rizzo</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Massey_(sound_engineer)" title="Paul Massey (sound engineer)">Paul Massey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Cavagin" title="Tim Cavagin">Tim Cavagin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Casali" title="John Casali">John Casali</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Taylor_(sound_engineer)" title="Mark Taylor (sound engineer)">Mark Taylor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Wilson_(sound_engineer)" title="Stuart Wilson (sound engineer)">Stuart Wilson</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Baksht" title="Jaime Baksht">Jaime Baksht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Becker_(sound_engineer)" title="Nicolas Becker (sound engineer)">Nicolas Becker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Bladh" title="Phillip Bladh">Phillip Bladh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Cort%C3%A9s_Navarrete" title="Carlos Cortés Navarrete">Carlos Cortés Navarrete</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Couttolenc" title="Michelle Couttolenc">Michelle Couttolenc</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Ruth" title="Mac Ruth">Mac Ruth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Mangini" title="Mark Mangini">Mark Mangini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theo_Green" title="Theo Green">Theo Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doug_Hemphill" title="Doug Hemphill">Doug Hemphill</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ron_Bartlett" title="Ron Bartlett">Ron Bartlett</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Weingarten" title="Mark Weingarten">Mark Weingarten</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Mather_(sound_editor)" title="James Mather (sound editor)">James H. Mather</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_Nelson_(sound_engineer)" title="Al Nelson (sound engineer)">Al Nelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Burdon" title="Chris Burdon">Chris Burdon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Taylor_(sound_engineer)" title="Mark Taylor (sound engineer)">Mark Taylor</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarn_Willers" title="Tarn Willers">Tarn Willers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Johnnie_Burn" title="Johnnie Burn">Johnnie Burn</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><span style="margin-left:-30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Biography icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/30px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/45px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="170" /></a></span></span></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mixer-icon.jpg/35px-Mixer-icon.jpg" decoding="async" width="35" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mixer-icon.jpg/53px-Mixer-icon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mixer-icon.jpg/70px-Mixer-icon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="158" /></span></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about a United States audio engineer is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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