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class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Kutadgu Bilig</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutadqu-bilik" title="Qutadqu-bilik – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qutadqu-bilik" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%BA%D9%88_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="قوتادغو بیلیک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قوتادغو بیلیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutadgu_Bilig" title="Kutadgu Bilig – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kutadgu Bilig" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%BA%D9%88_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%AF" title="قوتادغو بیلیگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قوتادغو بیلیگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutadgu_Bilig" title="Kutadgu Bilig – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kutadgu Bilig" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutadgu_Bilig" title="Kutadgu Bilig – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kutadgu Bilig" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D2%93%D1%83_%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Құтадғу білік – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Құтадғу білік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Кутадгу билиг – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кутадгу билиг" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BF%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%82%B0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%93%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B0" title="クタドゥグ・ビリグ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クタドゥグ・ビリグ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutadg%CA%BBu_bilig" title="Qutadgʻu bilig – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qutadgʻu bilig" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutadgu_Bilig" title="Kutadgu Bilig – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kutadgu Bilig" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutadgu_Bilig" title="Kutadgu Bilig – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kutadgu Bilig" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutadghu_bilig" title="Qutadghu bilig – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Qutadghu bilig" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B3%D1%83_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Котадгу белег – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Котадгу белег" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutadgu_Bilig" title="Kutadgu Bilig – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kutadgu Bilig" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%87%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%BA%DB%87%D8%A8%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89%D9%83" title="قۇتادغۇبىلىك – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قۇتادغۇبىلىك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E4%B9%90%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7" title="福乐智慧 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="福乐智慧" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1753178#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Kutadgu Bilig <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kutadgu+Bilig&rft.author=%5B%5BYusuf+Khass+Hajib%5D%5D&rft.date=11th+century&rft.place=%5B%5BKyrgyzstan%5D%5D"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:QutadughuBiliq_wien_p.10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/QutadughuBiliq_wien_p.10.jpg/200px-QutadughuBiliq_wien_p.10.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/QutadughuBiliq_wien_p.10.jpg/300px-QutadughuBiliq_wien_p.10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/QutadughuBiliq_wien_p.10.jpg/400px-QutadughuBiliq_wien_p.10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="637" data-file-height="484" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i>Kutadgu Bilig</i> written in the <a href="/wiki/Old_Uyghur_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Uyghur script">Old Uyghur script</a> (15th century, on the 4th line, the <a href="/wiki/Basmala" title="Basmala">basmala</a> is written in the Arabic script)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Khass_Hajib" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf Khass Hajib">Yusuf Khass Hajib</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khaqani_Turkic" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaqani Turkic">Khaqani Turkic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">Poetry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mirrors_for_princes" title="Mirrors for princes">Mirrors for princes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">11th century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i><b>Kutadgu Bilig</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i><b>Qutadğu Bilig</b></i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Khaqani_Turkic" class="mw-redirect" title="Khaqani Turkic">Khaqani Turkic</a>: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[qʊtɑðˈɢʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>bɪˈlɪɡ]</a></span>) is an 11th-century work written by <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABsuf_Balasaguni" title="Yūsuf Balasaguni">Yūsuf Balasaguni</a> for the prince of <a href="/wiki/Kashgar" title="Kashgar">Kashgar</a>. The text reflects the author's and his society's beliefs, feelings and practices with regard to quite a few topics and depicts interesting facets of various aspects of life in the <a href="/wiki/Kara-Khanid_Khanate" title="Kara-Khanid Khanate">Kara-Khanid Khanate</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Author">Author</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutadgu_Bilig&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Author"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At several points throughout the <i>Kutadgu Bilig</i>, the author talks some about himself; from this we know a certain amount about him. </p><p>The author of the <i>Kutadgu Bilig</i> was named Yūsuf and was born in <a href="/wiki/Balasagun" title="Balasagun">Balasagun</a>, which at the time was the winter capital of the Karakhanid empire and was located near present-day <a href="/wiki/Tokmok" title="Tokmok">Tokmok</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>. He was about 50 years old when he completed the <i>Kutadgu Bilig</i> and upon presenting the completed work to the prince of Kashgar, was awarded the title Khāṣṣ Ḥājib (<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">خاص حاجب</span></span>), translating as something like "Privy Chamberlain" or "Privy Councilor".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is often referred to as Yūsuf Khāṣṣ Ḥājib.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some scholars suspect that the prologue to the <i>Kutadgu Bilig</i>, which is much more overtly Islamic than the rest of the text, was written by a different author—particularly the first prologue, which is in <a href="/wiki/Prose" title="Prose">prose</a>, unlike the rest of the text. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text">Text</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutadgu_Bilig&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Text"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutadgu_Bilig&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Kutadgu Bilig</i> was written in 1069-1070<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and presented to Tavghach Bughra Khan, the prince of Kashgar. It was well known through the Timurid era (Dankoff, 3), but only three manuscripts—referred to by the name of the city they were discovered in—survived to give us our modern knowledge of the text: </p> <ul><li>The Vienna manuscript is written in the 8th century. TURK DIL KURUMU，(I. N. Dilman)，Kutadgu Bilig Tipkibasim，Viyana Nushasi，Alaeddin Kiral Basimevi，Istanbul，1942.</li> <li>TURK DIL KURUMU, Kutadgu Bilig Tipkibasim, Fergana Nushasi, Istanbul, Alaeddin Kiral Basimevi, 1943.</li> <li>TURK DIL KURUMU, Kutadgu Bilig Tipkibasim, Misir Nushasi, Istanbul, Alaeddin Kiral Basimevi, 1943.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutadgu_Bilig&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Kutadgu Bilig</i> is written in a <a href="/wiki/Karluk_languages" title="Karluk languages">Karluk language</a> known as the "<a href="/wiki/Karakhanid_language" title="Karakhanid language">Karakhanid language</a>" but often simply referred to as "Middle Turkic". It's similar to the language of the <a href="/wiki/Orkhon_inscriptions" title="Orkhon inscriptions">Orkhon inscriptions</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Old_Turkic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Turkic language">Old Turkic</a>, but in addition to the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a> base, has a large influx of <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> vocabulary. Aside from specific vocabulary from <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> and Persian, Dankoff mentions a good number of <a href="/wiki/Calque" title="Calque">calques</a> in the language of the <i>Kutadgu Bilig</i> from Persian. </p><p>One of the features of the language of Karakhanid is that its 3rd person imperative always has /s/ instead of /z/ and around half of the Brahmi instances are not -zUn but -sUn. This is often rendered as <i>sU</i> in Kutadgu Bilig: </p><p>kutadsu atı ber<b>sü</b> iki cihân<br /> May he be happy, may his name spread to the two worlds<br /> ——Kutadgu Bilig 88 </p><p>bayat ok bolu ber<b>sü</b> arka yölek<br /> May Allah become your pillar<br /> ——Kutadgu Bilig 90 </p><p>tuta ber<b>sü</b> teŋri bu taht birle baht<br /> May God bring you happiness too<br /> ——Kutadgu Bilig 92 </p><p>The following is the excerpt from the Kutadgu Bilig; the first column is the text in the original (Karluk or Middle Turkic) language, but transliterated into Turkish (Latin) letters. Second column is the text's Turkish translation,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the third one is its English translation. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <dl><dd><b>Text in original Turkic language:</b></dd> <dd>Bayat atı birle sözüg başladım, törütgen egidgen keçürgen idim</dd> <dd>Üküş ögdi birle tümen miŋ senâ, uğan bir bayatka aŋar yok fenâ</dd> <dd>Yağız yer yaşıl kök kün ay birle tün, törütti halâyık öd üdlek bu kün</dd> <dd>Tiledi törütti bu bolmış kamuğ, bir ök bol tedi boldı kolmış kamuğ</dd> <dd>Kamuğ barça muŋluğ törütülmişi, muŋı yok idi bir aŋar yok eşi</dd> <dd>Ay erklig uğan meŋü muŋsuz bayat, yaramaz seniŋdin adınka bu at</dd> <dd>Uluğluk saŋa ol bedüklük saŋa, seniŋdin adın yok saŋa tuş teŋe</dd> <dd>Aya ber birikmez saŋa bir adın, kamuğ aşnuda sen sen öŋdün kedin</dd></dl> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break"> <dl><dd><b>Turkish translation:</b></dd> <dd>Yaratan, yetiştiren ve göçüren rabbim olan Tanrının adı ile söze başladım.</dd> <dd>Kâdir ve bir olan Tanrıya çok hamd ve binlerce sena olsun; Onun için fânilik yoktur.</dd> <dd>Kara yer ile mavi göğü, Güneş ile Ayı, gece ile gündüzü, zaman ile zamaneyi ve mahlûkları O yarattı.</dd> <dd>İstedi ve bütün bu varlıkları yarattı; bir kere: — "ol!"— dedi, bütün diledikleri oldu.</dd> <dd>Bütün bu yaratılmış olanlar Ona muhtaçtır; muhtaç olmayan yalnız Tanrıdır; Onun eşi yoktur.</dd> <dd>Ey kuvvetli, kâdir, ebedî ve müstağni olan Tanrı, Senden başkasına bu ad yakışmaz.</dd> <dd>Ululuk ve büyüklük Sana mahsustur; Sana eş ve denk olan başka biri yoktur.</dd> <dd>Ey bir olan Tanrı, bir başkası Sana şirk koşulamaz; başta her şeyden evvel ve sonda her şeyden sonra Sensin.</dd></dl> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break"> <dl><dd><b>English translation:</b></dd> <dd>I started with the name of God, my Lord, who created, cultivated and moved.</dd> <dd>Praise be to God, who is Powerful and one and only; there is no fraud for Him.</dd> <dd>He created the dark earth and the blue sky, the Sun and the Moon, the night and the day, the time and all creatures.</dd> <dd>He wanted and created all these beings; Once: - "Be!" - He said, everything He wanted came to fruition.</dd> <dd>All these creatures need Him; the only one who does not need anything is God; He has no equal.</dd> <dd>God, who is mighty, powerful, eternal and our master, this name does not suit anyone else than You.</dd> <dd>Greatness belongs to You; There is no one who can match You or be equal to You.</dd> <dd>O only God, no one can reach You; You are the first ahead of everything and last behind everything.</dd></dl> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Despite the prevalence of Islamic wisdom from <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadiths</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Qurʻān</a>, Persian calques and Arabic and Persian vocabulary, there are no specific references to Islamic texts, nor are Arabic and Persian words used for Islamic concepts. This strengthens the argument that Islam came into Central Asia through wandering <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Style">Style</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutadgu_Bilig&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The author of the <i>Kutadgu Bilig</i> used the Arabic <a href="/wiki/Arabic_prosody" title="Arabic prosody">mutaqārib metre</a>, consisting of couplets of two rhyming 11-syllable lines, often broken down further—the first six syllables forming the first group in each line and the last five syllables forming another group. This is the earliest known application of this metre to a Turkic language. The original metre is composed of preceding short and long vowels: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Vowel 1</th> <th>Vowel 2</th> <th>Vowel 3 </th></tr> <tr> <td>short</td> <td>long</td> <td>long </td></tr> <tr> <td>short</td> <td>long</td> <td>long </td></tr> <tr> <td>short</td> <td>long</td> <td>long </td></tr> <tr> <td>short</td> <td>long</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Since Turkic language did not differentiate between short and long vowels, he transformed them to open and close syllables, for example: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Vowel 1</th> <th>Vowel 2</th> <th>Vowel 3 </th></tr> <tr> <td>ya(open)</td> <td>ġiz (close)</td> <td>yir(close) </td></tr> <tr> <td>yı(open)</td> <td>par(close)</td> <td>tol(close) </td></tr> <tr> <td>dı(open)</td> <td>kaf(close)</td> <td>ur(close) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ki(open)</td> <td>tip(close)</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>be(open)</td> <td>zen(close)</td> <td>mek(close) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ti(open)</td> <td>ler(close)</td> <td>dun(close) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ya(open)</td> <td>kör(close)</td> <td>kin(close) </td></tr> <tr> <td>i(open)</td> <td>tip(close)</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>(The snow molten, the earth full of fragrance, taking off the winter clothes, the world is in new elegance. </p><p>——<i>Kutadgu Bilig·Volume 4·2</i>) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Content">Content</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutadgu_Bilig&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Content"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Kutadgu Bilig</i> is structured around the relations between four main characters, each representing an abstract principle (overtly stated by the author). Dankoff summarises the specifics nicely in the form of a chart (Dankoff, 3): </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Translation</th> <th>Occupation</th> <th>Principle </th></tr> <tr> <th>küntoğdı </th> <td>"the sun has risen" / Rising Sun</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">king</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">Justice</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>aytoldı </th> <td>"the moon is full" / Full Moon</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vizier" title="Vizier">vizier</a></td> <td>Fortune </td></tr> <tr> <th>ögdülmiş </th> <td>"praised" / Highly Praised</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wise_Old_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Wise Old Man">sage</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Intellect" title="Intellect">Intellect</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Wisdom" title="Wisdom">Wisdom</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th>oðğurmış </th> <td>"awakened" / Wide Awake</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dervish" title="Dervish">Dervish</a></td> <td>Man's Last End </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Influences">Influences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutadgu_Bilig&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dankoff suggests that the author of the <i>Kutadgu Bilig</i> was attempting to reconcile the Irano-Islamic and <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> wisdom traditions present among the Karakhanids, the former with urban roots and the latter with <a href="/wiki/Nomadic" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomadic">nomadic</a> roots. Certainly the recent move from a more nomadic way of life changed the requirements for a good leader; the <i>Kutadgu Bilig'</i>s agenda does appear to include instruction for how to be a good leader. In addition, the author of the <i>Kutadgu Bilig</i> states in the text that he was trying to make a Turkic version of something like the <a href="/wiki/Shahnameh" title="Shahnameh">Shāh-nāmeh</a>. </p> <ul><li>Islamic and pre-Islamic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strife_poems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strife poems (page does not exist)">strife poems</a>, found in Arabic and Persian literature,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayt%C4%B1%C5%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Aytış">Aytış</a>, responsive song competition between two opponents found today among the <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Askiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Askiya">Askiya</a>, a similar style of song competition found today among the <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a>,</li> <li>Songs between boys and girls, such as Uzbek <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lapar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lapar (page does not exist)">lapar</a> and Kazakh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bedil_songs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bedil songs (page does not exist)">bedil songs</a>,</li> <li>Wedding songs such as Uzbek <a href="/wiki/Yor-yor" class="mw-redirect" title="Yor-yor">yor-yor</a> and Kazakh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jar-jar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jar-jar (page does not exist)">jar-jar</a></li></ul> <p>Aside from the Irano-Islamic and Turkic influences, Dankoff posits some amount of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> and Buddhist influence on the text. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_Online_Resources">Selected Online Resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutadgu_Bilig&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Selected Online Resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kutadgubilig.appspot.com/">Kutadgu Bilig Complete Text</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051130095218/http://humanities.uchicago.edu/depts/nelc/facultypages/dankoff/">Robert Dankoff</a> — includes bibliography</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://aton.ttu.edu/kilavuzlar.asp">http://aton.ttu.edu/kilavuzlar.asp</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Uysal%E2%80%93Walker_Archive_of_Turkish_Oral_Narrative" title="Uysal–Walker Archive of Turkish Oral Narrative">Uysal–Walker Archive of Turkish Oral Narrative</a> — includes scanned copies of the <i>Kutadgu Bilig</i> in various languages</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.os-ar.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=240326"><i>Kutluk Veren Bilgi ve Ağustos'a Giden Yol</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120602092010/http://www.os-ar.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=240326">Archived</a> 2012-06-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, H. B. Paksoy, D.Phil., Ottoman Studies, posted by Anonym, 26 August</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080231/http://www.cxma.cn/people/whjc-fulezh.htm">文化精粹之福乐智慧</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2917779/Wisdom_Lessons_From_Turkish_Literature_to_Managers_and_Leaders_Turk_Edebiyatindan_Yoneticilere_ve_Liderlere_Bilgelik_Dersleri/">Gokmen Durmus</a> — Upenn Master's Thesis on Turkish Wisdom</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutadgu_Bilig&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_literature" title="Turkish literature">Turkish literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirrors_for_princes" title="Mirrors for princes">Mirrors for princes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kut_(mythology)" title="Kut (mythology)">Kut (mythology)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutadgu_Bilig&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Translated as the <i><b>Wisdom which brings Happiness</b></i>, the <i><b>Wisdom that Conduces to Royal Glory or Fortune</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or more concisely the <i><b>Wisdom Which Brings Good Fortune</b></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutadgu_Bilig&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutadgu_Bilig&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Dankoff, 1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sir Gerard Clauson, <i>An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish</i>, Oxford, 1972, p597</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dankoff, 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wpM3AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA911"><i>E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913-1936</i></a>. BRILL. 31 December 1987. p. 911. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-08265-4" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-08265-4"><bdi>90-04-08265-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=E.J.+Brill%27s+First+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam+1913-1936&rft.pages=911&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1987-12-31&rft.isbn=90-04-08265-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwpM3AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKutadgu+Bilig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFÇetin2022" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Çetin, Altan (2022). <i>Kutadgu Bilig'in Kavram Dünyası : Türkistanlılığın değer zemini</i> (in Turkish) (1. ed.). İstanbul: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Post_Yay%C4%B1nevi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Post Yayınevi (page does not exist)">Post Yayınevi</a>. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9786258143065" title="Special:BookSources/9786258143065"><bdi>9786258143065</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kutadgu+Bilig%27in+Kavram+D%C3%BCnyas%C4%B1+%3A+T%C3%BCrkistanl%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1n+de%C4%9Fer+zemini&rft.place=%C4%B0stanbul&rft.pages=15&rft.edition=1.&rft.pub=Post+Yay%C4%B1nevi&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9786258143065&rft.aulast=%C3%87etin&rft.aufirst=Altan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKutadgu+Bilig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalasaguni" class="citation web cs1">Balasaguni, Yusuf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kutadgubilig.appspot.com/i.html">"Kutadgu Bilig"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kutadgu+Bilig&rft.aulast=Balasaguni&rft.aufirst=Yusuf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkutadgubilig.appspot.com%2Fi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKutadgu+Bilig" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kutadgu_Bilig&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Dankoff" title="Robert Dankoff">Robert Dankoff</a> — Yusuf Khass Hajib, <i>Wisdom of Royal Glory (Kutadgu Bilig): A Turko-Islamic Mirror for Princes</i>, translated, with an introduction and notes, by Robert Dankoff. University of Chicago Press, 1983. Pp. 281</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:1%;background: #CCCCFF;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ash%27aris_and_Maturidis#Maturidis" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ash'aris and Maturidis">Maturidi scholars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd AH/9th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mansur_al-Maturidi" title="Abu Mansur al-Maturidi">Abu Mansur al-Maturidi</a> (d. 333 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_al-Samarqandi" title="Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi">Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 342 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Kalabadhi" title="Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi">Abu Bakr al-Kalabadhi</a> (d. 379 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Layth_al-Samarqandi" title="Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi">Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 396 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th AH/10th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Zayd_al-Dabusi" title="Abu Zayd al-Dabusi">Abu Zayd al-Dabusi</a> (d. 429 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Hujwiri" class="mw-redirect" title="Ali Hujwiri">Ali Hujwiri</a> (d. 464 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABsuf_Balasaguni" title="Yūsuf Balasaguni">Yūsuf Balasaguni</a> (d. 469 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bazdawi" title="Al-Bazdawi">Fakhr al-Islam al-Bazdawi</a> (d. 482 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sarakhsi" title="Al-Sarakhsi">Al-Sarakhsi</a> (d. 483 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Yusr_al-Bazdawi" title="Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi">Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi</a> (d. 493 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th AH/11th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Mu%27in_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi">Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi</a> (d. 508 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ishaq_al-Saffar_al-Bukhari" title="Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari">Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari</a> (d. 534 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Hamadani" title="Yusuf Hamadani">Yusuf Hamadani</a> (d. 535 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ahmad-e_Jami" title="Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami">Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami</a> (d. 536 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Hafs_Umar_al-Nasafi" title="Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi">Abu Hafs Umar al-Nasafi</a> (d. 537 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Yasawi" title="Ahmad Yasawi">Ahmad Yasawi</a> (d. 561 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_ad-Din_(died_1174)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nur ad-Din (died 1174)">Nur al-Din Zengi</a> (d. 569 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_al-Ushi" title="Siraj al-Din al-Ushi">Siraj al-Din al-Ushi</a> (d. 575 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_al-Din_al-Sabuni" title="Nur al-Din al-Sabuni">Nur al-Din al-Sabuni</a> (d. 580 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatima_al-Samarqandi" title="Fatima al-Samarqandi">Fatima al-Samarqandi</a> (d. 581 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kasani" title="Al-Kasani">Al-Kasani</a> (d. 587 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Ghaznawi" title="Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi">Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi</a> (d. 593 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">6th AH/12th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Thana%27_al-Lamishi" title="Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi">Abu al-Thana' al-Lamishi</a> (d. beginning of the 6th century AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27azzam_Isa" title="Al-Mu'azzam Isa">Al-Mu'azzam 'Isa</a> (d. 624 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutbuddin_Bakhtiar_Kaki" title="Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki">Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki</a> (d. 632 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%27in_al-Din_Chishti" title="Mu'in al-Din Chishti">Mu'in al-Din Chishti</a> (d. 633 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saif_ed-Din_al-Boharsi" class="mw-redirect" title="Saif ed-Din al-Boharsi">Saif ed-Din al-Boharsi</a> (d. 659 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_Farid" title="Baba Farid">Baba Farid</a> (d. 664 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumi" title="Rumi">Rumi</a> (d. 671 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Samarqandi" title="Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi">Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi</a> (d. after 690 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7th AH/13th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Barakat_al-Nasafi" title="Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi">Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi</a> (d. 710 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Walad" title="Sultan Walad">Sultan Walad</a> (d. 711 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Auliya" title="Nizamuddin Auliya">Nizamuddin Auliya</a> (d. 725 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadr_al-Shari%27a_al-Asghar" title="Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar">Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar</a> (d. 747 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akmal_al-Din_al-Babarti" title="Akmal al-Din al-Babarti">Akmal al-Din al-Babarti</a> (d. 786 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baha%27_al-Din_Naqshband" title="Baha' al-Din Naqshband">Baha' al-Din Naqshband</a> (d. 791 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadi_Burhan_al-Din" title="Kadi Burhan al-Din">Kadi Burhan al-Din</a> (d. 800 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">8th AH/14th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bande_Nawaz" title="Bande Nawaz">Bande Nawaz</a> (d. 825 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_al-Fanari" title="Shams al-Din al-Fanari">Shams al-Din al-Fanari</a> (d. 834 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Ala%27_al-Din_al-Bukhari" title="'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari">'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari</a> (d. 841 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqub_al-Charkhi" title="Yaqub al-Charkhi">Yaqub al-Charkhi</a> (d. 851 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_Arabshah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmad ibn Arabshah">Ahmad ibn Arabshah</a> (d. 861 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr_al-Din_al-Ayni" title="Badr al-Din al-Ayni">Badr al-Din al-'Ayni</a> (d. 855 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kamal_ibn_al-Humam" title="Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam">Al-Kamal ibn al-Humam</a> (d. 861 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr_Bey" title="Khidr Bey">Khidr Bey</a> (d. 863 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Bistami" title="Ali al-Bistami">Ali al-Bistami</a> (d. 874 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Qushji" title="Ali Qushji">'Ali al-Qushji</a> (d. 879 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a> (d. 886 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Ahrar" title="Khwaja Ahrar">Khwaja Ahrar</a> (d. 895 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">9th AH/15th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ali-Shir_Nava%27i" title="Ali-Shir Nava'i">Ali-Shir Nava'i</a> (d. 906 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husayn_Kashifi" title="Husayn Kashifi">Husayn Kashifi</a> (d. 910 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kemal" title="Ibn Kemal">Ibn Kemal</a> (d. 940 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Quddus_Gangohi" title="Abdul Quddus Gangohi">Abdul Quddus Gangohi</a> (d. 943 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibr%C4%81h%C4%ABm_al-%E1%B8%A4alab%C4%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī">Ibrāhīm al-Ḥalabī</a> (d. 955 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%9Fk%C3%B6pr%C3%BCzade" title="Taşköprüzade">Taşköprüzade</a> (d. 968 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Birgivi" title="Muhammad Birgivi">Muhammad Birgivi</a> (d. 980 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebussuud_Efendi" title="Ebussuud Efendi">Ebussuud Efendi</a> (d. 982 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10th AH/16th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khwaja_Baqi_Billah" title="Khwaja Baqi Billah">Khwaja Baqi Billah</a> (d. 1011 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_al-Qari" title="Ali al-Qari">'Ali al-Qari</a> (d. 1014 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Kafi_Pru%C5%A1%C4%8Dak" title="Hasan Kafi Pruščak">Hasan Kafi al-Aqhisari</a> (d. 1025 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sirhindi" title="Ahmad Sirhindi">Ahmad Sirhindi</a> (d. 1034 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hudayi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahmud Hudayi">Mahmud Hudayi</a> (d. 1037 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Abd_al-Haqq_al-Dehlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi">'Abd al-Haqq al-Dehlawi</a> (d. 1052 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulla_Mahmud_Jaunpuri" title="Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri">Mulla Mahmud Jaunpuri</a> (d. 1061 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hakim_Sialkoti" title="Abdul Hakim Sialkoti">'Abd al-Hakim al-Siyalkoti</a> (d. 1067 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_Daiyu" title="Wang Daiyu">Wang Daiyu</a> (d. around 1068 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%A2tip_%C3%87elebi" title="Kâtip Çelebi">Kâtip Çelebi</a> (d. 1068 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shihab_al-Din_al-Khafaji" title="Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji">Shihab al-Din al-Khafaji</a> (d. 1069 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khayr_al-Din_al-Ramli" title="Khayr al-Din al-Ramli">Khayr al-Din al-Ramli</a> (d. 1081 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">11th AH/17th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a> (d. 1118 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma_Zhu" title="Ma Zhu">Ma Zhu</a> (d. around 1123 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haqqi_Bursevi" title="Ismail Haqqi Bursevi">Ismail Haqqi Bursevi</a> (d. 1127 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdur_Rahim" title="Shah Abdur Rahim">Shah Abdur Rahim</a> (d. 1131 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liu_Zhi_(scholar)" title="Liu Zhi (scholar)">Liu Zhi of Nanjing</a> (d. 1158 AH, or 1178 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizamuddin_Sihalivi" title="Nizamuddin Sihalivi">Nizamuddin Sihalivi</a> (d. 1161 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhdoom_Muhammad_Hashim_Thattvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi">Makhdoom Muhammad Hashim Thattvi</a> (d. 1174 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Waliullah_Dehlawi" title="Shah Waliullah Dehlawi">Shah Waliullah Dehlawi</a> (d. 1176 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Nabulsi" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi">'Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi</a> (d. 1176 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0brahim_Hakk%C4%B1_Erzurumi" title="İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi">İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi</a> (d. 1193 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirza_Mazhar_Jan-e-Janaan" title="Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan">Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan</a> (d. 1195 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">12th AH/18th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gelenbevi_Ismail_Efendi" title="Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi">Gelenbevi Ismail Efendi</a> (d. 1204 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murtada_al-Zabidi" title="Murtada al-Zabidi">Murtada al-Zabidi</a> (d. 1205 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanaullah_Panipati" title="Sanaullah Panipati">Sanaullah Panipati</a> (d. 1225 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghabdennasir_Qursawi" title="Ghabdennasir Qursawi">Ghabdennasir Qursawi</a> (d. 1226 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Ali_Dehlavi" title="Ghulam Ali Dehlavi">Ghulam Ali Dehlavi</a> (d. 1239 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Abdul_Aziz" class="mw-redirect" title="Shah Abdul Aziz">Shah Abdul Aziz</a> (d. 1239 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shah_Ismail_Dehlvi" title="Shah Ismail Dehlvi">Shah Ismail Dehlvi</a> (d. 1246 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Ahmad_Barelvi" title="Syed Ahmad Barelvi">Syed Ahmad Barelvi</a> (d. 1246 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Abidin" title="Ibn Abidin">Ibn 'Abidin</a> (d. 1252 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_%27Abid_al-Sindi" title="Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi">Muhammad 'Abid al-Sindi</a> (d. 1257 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Ali_Nanautawi" title="Mamluk Ali Nanautawi">Mamluk Ali Nanautawi</a> (d. 1267 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazl-e-Haq_Khairabadi" title="Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi">Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi</a> (d. 1278 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_Ma_Dexin" title="Yusuf Ma Dexin">Yusuf Ma Dexin</a> (d. 1291 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Qasim_Nanautavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi">Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi</a> (d. 1297 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naqi_Ali_Khan" title="Naqi Ali Khan">Naqi Ali Khan</a> (d. 1297 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Ghani_al-Ghunaymi_al-Maydani" title="Abd al-Ghani al-Ghunaymi al-Maydani">'Abd al-Ghani al-Maydani</a> (d. 1298 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">13th AH/19th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Hayy_al-Lucknawi" title="Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi">'Abd al-Hayy al-Lucknawi</a> (d. 1304 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eihabetdin_M%C3%A4rcani" title="Şihabetdin Märcani">Shihab al-Din al-Marjani</a> (d. 1306 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahmatullah_Kairanawi" title="Rahmatullah Kairanawi">Rahmatullah al-Kairanawi</a> (d. 1308 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giritli_S%C4%B1rr%C4%B1_Pasha" title="Giritli Sırrı Pasha">Giritli Sırrı Pasha</a> (d. 1312 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Cevdet_Pasha" title="Ahmed Cevdet Pasha">Ahmed Cevdet Pasha</a> (d. 1312 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imdadullah_Muhajir_Makki" title="Imdadullah Muhajir Makki">Imdadullah Muhajir Makki</a> (d. 1317 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abai_Qunanbaiuly" title="Abai Qunanbaiuly">Abai Qunanbaiuly</a> (d. 1321 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ahmad_Gangohi" title="Rashid Ahmad Gangohi">Rashid Ahmad Gangohi</a> (d. 1323 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Hasan_Amrohi" title="Ahmad Hasan Amrohi">Ahmad Hasan Amrohi</a> (d. 1330 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Anwaarullah_Farooqui" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Anwaarullah Farooqui">Muhammad Anwaarullah Farooqui</a> (d. 1335 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Hasan_Deobandi" title="Mahmud Hasan Deobandi">Mahmud Hasan Deobandi</a> (d. 1338 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Raza_Khan_Barelvi" title="Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi">Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi</a> (d. 1340 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakarim_Qudayberdiuli" title="Shakarim Qudayberdiuli">Shakarim Qudayberdiuli</a> (d. 1344 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Mungeri" title="Muhammad Ali Mungeri">Muhammad Ali Mungeri</a> (d. 1346 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalil_Ahmad_Saharanpuri" title="Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri">Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri</a> (d. 1346 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anwar Shah Kashmiri">Anwar Shah Kashmiri</a> (d. 1352 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Bakhit_al-Muti%27i" title="Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i">Muhammad Bakhit al-Muti'i</a> (d. 1354 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatma_Aliye_Topuz" title="Fatma Aliye Topuz">Fatma Aliye Topuz</a> (d. 1354 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meher_Ali_Shah" title="Meher Ali Shah">Meher Ali Shah</a> (d. 1356 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammed_Hamdi_Yaz%C4%B1r" title="Muhammed Hamdi Yazır">Muhammed Hamdi Yazır</a> (d. 1361 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Ali_Thanwi" title="Ashraf Ali Thanwi">Ashraf Ali Thanwi</a> (d. 1361 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaidullah_Sindhi" title="Ubaidullah Sindhi">Ubaidullah Sindhi</a> (d. 1364 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbir_Ahmad_Usmani" title="Shabbir Ahmad Usmani">Shabbir Ahmad Usmani</a> (d. 1368 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Bigiev" title="Musa Bigiev">Musa Bigiev</a> (d. 1368 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kawthari" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kawthari">Al-Kawthari</a> (d. 1371 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kifayatullah_Dehlawi" title="Kifayatullah Dehlawi">Kifayatullah Dehlawi</a> (d. 1371 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Sabri" title="Mustafa Sabri">Mustafa Sabri</a> (d. 1373 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussain_Ahmed_Madani" title="Hussain Ahmed Madani">Husayn Ahmad al-Madani</a> (d. 1377 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Hilmi_Tunahan" title="Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan">Süleyman Hilmi Tunahan</a> (d. 1378 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96mer_Nasuhi_Bilmen" title="Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen">Ömer Nasuhi Bilmen</a> (d. 1391 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Abu_Zahra" title="Muhammad Abu Zahra">Muhammad Abu Zahra</a> (d. 1394 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Shafi%27_Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Shafi' Deobandi">Muhammad Shafi' Deobandi</a> (d. 1395 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abul_Wafa_Al_Afghani" class="mw-redirect" title="Abul Wafa Al Afghani">Abul Wafa Al Afghani</a> (d. 1395 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Majid_Daryabadi" title="Abdul Majid Daryabadi">Abdul Majid Daryabadi</a> (d. 1397 AH)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">14th AH/20th AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zakariyya_al-Kandhlawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi">Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi</a> (d. 1402 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tayyib_Qasmi" title="Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi">Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi</a> (d. 1403 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haq_Akorwi" title="Abdul Haq Akorwi">Abdul Haq Akorwi</a> (d. 1409 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_al-Rahman_al-%27Azmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Habib al-Rahman al-'Azmi">Habib al-Rahman al-'Azmi</a> (d. 1412 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayub_Ali" title="Ayub Ali">Muhammad Ayyub Ali</a> (d. 1415 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anzar_Shah_Kashmiri" title="Anzar Shah Kashmiri">Anzar Shah Kashmiri</a> (d. 1428 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahbah_al-Zuhayli" title="Wahbah al-Zuhayli">Wahbah al-Zuhayli</a> (d. 1436 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Salim_Qasmi" title="Muhammad Salim Qasmi">Muhammad Salim Qasmi</a> (d. 1439 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeed_Ahmad_Palanpuri" title="Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri">Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri</a> (d. 1441 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_al-Sabuni" title="Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni">Muhammad Ali al-Sabuni</a> (d. 1442 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nur_Hossain_Kasemi" title="Nur Hossain Kasemi">Nur Hossain Kasemi</a> (d. 1442 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usmankhan_Alimov" title="Usmankhan Alimov">Usmankhan Alimov</a> (d. 1443 AH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rafi%27_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Rafi' Usmani">Muhammad Rafi' Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Tahir-ul-Qadri" title="Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri">Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Taqi_Usmani" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Taqi Usmani">Muhammad Taqi Usmani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Husein_Kavazovi%C4%87" title="Husein Kavazović">Husein Kavazović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Mezhiev" title="Salah Mezhiev">Salah Mezhiev</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Imammaturidi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Imammaturidi.jpg/150px-Imammaturidi.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Imammaturidi.jpg/225px-Imammaturidi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Imammaturidi.jpg/300px-Imammaturidi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCFF;">Theology books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fiqh_al-Akbar" title="Al-Fiqh al-Akbar">Al-Fiqh al-Akbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Tawhid_(Al-Maturidi)" title="Kitab al-Tawhid (Al-Maturidi)">Kitab al-Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir_al-Maturidi" title="Tafsir al-Maturidi">Tafsir al-Maturidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqidah_al-Tahawiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah">Al-'Aqida al-Tahawiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawad_al-A%27zam" title="Al-Sawad al-A'zam">Al-Sawad al-A'zam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabsirat_al-Adilla" title="Tabsirat al-Adilla">Tabsirat al-Adilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharh_al-%27Aqa%27id_al-Nasafiyya" title="Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya">'Aqa'id al-Nasafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talkhis_al-Adilla" title="Talkhis al-Adilla">Talkhis al-Adilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masnavi" title="Masnavi">Masnavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fihi_Ma_Fihi" title="Fihi Ma Fihi">Fihi Ma Fihi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Kitab" title="Han Kitab">Han Kitab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qingzhen_Zhinan" title="Qingzhen Zhinan">Qingzhen Zhinan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kutadgu Bilig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tafsir_al-Mazhari" title="Tafsir al-Mazhari">Tafsir al-Mazhari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izhar_ul-Haqq" title="Izhar ul-Haqq">Izhar ul-Haqq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muhannad_ala_al-Mufannad" title="Al-Muhannad ala al-Mufannad">Al-Muhannad ala al-Mufannad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hak_D%C4%ABni_Kur%27an_Dili" title="Hak Dīni Kur'an Dili">Hak Dīni Kur'an Dili</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #CCCCFF;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2016_international_conference_on_Sunni_Islam_in_Grozny" title="2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny">2016 international conference on Sunni Islam in Grozny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_International_Maturidi_Conference" title="2020 International Maturidi Conference">2020 International Maturidi Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Ra%27y" title="Ahl al-Ra'y">Ahl al-Ra'y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalam" title="Kalam">Kalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tawhid" title="Tawhid">Tawhid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gedimu" title="Gedimu">Gedimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firangi_Mahal" title="Firangi Mahal">Firangi Mahal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barelvi" class="mw-redirect" title="Barelvi">Barelvi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Maturidi-related templates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanafi_scholars" title="Template:Hanafi scholars">Hanafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Ash%27ari" title="Template:Ash'ari">Ash'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sufi" title="Template:Sufi">Sufi</a></li> <li><a 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