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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Attacks on Nauru</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attacks_on_Nauru-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ships_sunk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ships_sunk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ships sunk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ships_sunk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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class="mw-page-title-main">German attacks on Nauru</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angriff_auf_Nauru" title="Angriff auf Nauru – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Angriff auf Nauru" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataques_alemanes_a_Nauru" title="Ataques alemanes a Nauru – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ataques alemanes a Nauru" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attaques_allemandes_sur_Nauru" title="Attaques allemandes sur Nauru – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Attaques allemandes sur Nauru" data-language-autonym="Français" 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166.9093833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-0.5364667; 166.9093833</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">German attacks on Nauru in the Second World War</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">German attacks on Nauru</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wrecked_Cantilever_Nauru.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Damaged phosphate cantilever loading equipment following the German bombardment of Nauru on 27 December 1940"><img alt="Black and white photograph of an industrial facility that juts out over a body of water. The facility appears damaged as large sections of it are sloping into the water." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Wrecked_Cantilever_Nauru.jpg/300px-Wrecked_Cantilever_Nauru.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2d/Wrecked_Cantilever_Nauru.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="343" /></a></span><br />Damaged phosphate cantilever loading equipment following the German bombardment of Nauru on 27 December 1940</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>6–8 December and 27 December 1940</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> German victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="width:100%"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Eyssen" title="Robert Eyssen">Robert Eyssen</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 2 <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_cruiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Auxiliary cruiser">auxiliary cruisers</a><br />1 <a href="/wiki/Combat_stores_ship" title="Combat stores ship">supply ship</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> No military presence</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> None</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 5 merchant ships sunk<br />Damage to phosphate<br />loading facilities</td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Axis_naval_attacks_on_Australia" title="Template:Campaignbox Axis naval attacks on Australia"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Axis_naval_attacks_on_Australia" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Axis naval attacks on Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Axis_naval_attacks_on_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Axis naval attacks on Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Axis_naval_attacks_against_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Axis_naval_activity_in_Australian_waters" title="Axis naval activity in Australian waters"><span class="wrap"> Axis naval attacks against Australia </span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_merchantman" title="Armed merchantman">German surface raiders</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinking_of_HMAS_Sydney" title="Sinking of HMAS Sydney">HMAS <i>Sydney</i>–<i>Kormoran</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Darwin" title="Bombing of Darwin">Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Sydney_Harbour" title="Attack on Sydney Harbour">Sydney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelling_of_Newcastle" title="Shelling of Newcastle">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_the_Dureenbee" title="Attack on the Dureenbee"><i>Dureenbee</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelling_of_Port_Gregory" title="Shelling of Port Gregory">Port Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AHS_Centaur" title="AHS Centaur">AHS <i>Centaur</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convoy_GP55" title="Convoy GP55">Convoy GP55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_raid_(1944)" title="Indian Ocean raid (1944)">Indian Ocean raid</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/German_submarine_U-862" title="German submarine U-862">U-862</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>The <b>German attacks on Nauru</b> were conducted in December 1940 on the island of <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a>, an Australian-administered <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Central Pacific</a>. Nauru was of considerable strategic importance for its <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphate</a> resources. The attacks were conducted by <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_cruiser" class="mw-redirect" title="Auxiliary cruiser">auxiliary cruisers</a> between 6 and 8 December and on 27 December. The raiders sank five <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> merchant ships and inflicted serious damage on Nauru's economically important phosphate-loading facilities. Under the terms of the League of Nations mandate, the island had no fortifications or military facilities and was consequently undefended, with the German forces unimpeded in their operations. </p><p>The two attacks were the most effective operations conducted by German raiders in the Pacific Ocean in World War II. They disrupted supplies of phosphate to Australia, New Zealand and Japan, which reduced agricultural production in these countries. In response, Allied naval vessels were deployed to protect Nauru and nearby <a href="/wiki/Banaba_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Banaba Island">Ocean Island</a> and escort shipping in the South Pacific. Small garrisons were also established to protect the two islands, but Nauru was ultimately evacuated of most non-indigenous residents following the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a> and was <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru" title="Japanese occupation of Nauru">invaded by the Japanese in 1942</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_attacks_on_Nauru&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nauru and nearby Ocean Island were important sources of phosphate for Australian and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> fertilizer production and played an important role in both countries' agricultural industries at the time of World War II. The <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>-based <a href="/wiki/British_Phosphate_Commission" title="British Phosphate Commission">British Phosphate Commission</a> (BPC) managed the extraction and export of phosphate from the islands and dominated all aspects of Nauruan life.<sup id="cite_ref-Pretes_24-25_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pretes_24-25-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the year ending 30 June 1940, the BPC shipped almost a million tons of phosphate from Nauru and about half that amount from Ocean Island using its fleet of four vessels (<i>Triadic</i>, <i>Triaster</i>, <i>Triona</i> and <i>Trienza</i>) and chartered merchant ships.<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_276-277_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill_276-277-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the islands have no <a href="/wiki/Harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbour">harbours</a> or <a href="/wiki/Anchorage_(shipping)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchorage (shipping)">anchorages</a>, the phosphate ships were loaded by securing to deep moorings and embarking their cargo via <a href="/wiki/Cantilever" title="Cantilever">cantilever</a> jetties. During southwesterly wind periods, which are common from November to March, the ships had to stop loading and sail away from the island until conditions improved. It was common for these ships to be allowed to drift to save fuel, and there were often several ships lying off Nauru.<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_277_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill_277-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations_mandate" title="League of Nations mandate">League of Nations mandate</a> system, Australia was prohibited from establishing a military or naval base or erecting fortifications on Nauru, despite the island's importance to the Australian and New Zealand economies.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nauru had been allocated low priority for the limited naval assets which were available to protect the <a href="/wiki/Australia_Station" title="Australia Station">Australia Station</a> and both islands were undefended in December 1940. Strategic stockpiles of phosphate had been built up in Australia, however, to lessen the impact of an attack on the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_283_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill_283-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late October 1940, the German raider <a href="/wiki/German_auxiliary_cruiser_Orion" title="German auxiliary cruiser Orion"><i>Orion</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Orion1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Orion1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was commanded by Captain <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Weyher" title="Kurt Weyher">Kurt Weyher</a> met <a href="/wiki/German_auxiliary_cruiser_Komet" title="German auxiliary cruiser Komet"><i>Komet</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Komet1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Komet1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which came under the command of Captain <a href="/wiki/Robert_Eyssen" title="Robert Eyssen">Robert Eyssen</a>, and the supply ship <a href="/wiki/Kulmerland_(ship)" title="Kulmerland (ship)"><i>Kulmerland</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Lamotrek" title="Lamotrek">Lamotrek</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline Islands</a>. Eyssen was the more <a href="/wiki/Seniority" title="Seniority">senior</a> of the two captains, and assumed overall command of the force.<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_280_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill_280-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three ships <a href="/wiki/Axis_naval_activity_in_New_Zealand_waters" title="Axis naval activity in New Zealand waters">operated off New Zealand's east coast</a> for 18 days in November and sank the small coaster <i><a href="/wiki/Holmwood_ships#Tees_(1911-1940,_Holmwood_1940)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holmwood ships">Holmwood</a></i> and large ocean liner <a href="/wiki/MS_Rangitane_(1929)" title="MS Rangitane (1929)"><i>Rangitane</i></a> with gunfire without being detected by the weak New Zealand defences on 25 and 27 November respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_94_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson_94-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following these attacks, the raiders proceeded to the <a href="/wiki/Kermadec_Islands" title="Kermadec Islands">Kermadec Islands</a> where they transferred their women and children prisoners to <i>Kulmerland</i> on 29 November. The three ships then proceeded to Nauru to attack the island's phosphate industry and the concentration of shipping which the German captains knew was usually present.<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_280_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill_280-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Attacks_on_Nauru">Attacks on Nauru</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_attacks_on_Nauru&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Attacks on Nauru"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:German_WWII_on_West_Pacific_Ocean_map-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the South Pacific showing the routes taken by the German vessels and locations where Allied ships were sunk as described in the article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/German_WWII_on_West_Pacific_Ocean_map-en.svg/300px-German_WWII_on_West_Pacific_Ocean_map-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/German_WWII_on_West_Pacific_Ocean_map-en.svg/450px-German_WWII_on_West_Pacific_Ocean_map-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/German_WWII_on_West_Pacific_Ocean_map-en.svg/600px-German_WWII_on_West_Pacific_Ocean_map-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1322" data-file-height="1281" /></a><figcaption>Movements of the three German ships in December 1940 and January 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>The German force encountered its first BPC ship while <i>en route</i> to Nauru. On 6 December, <i>Triona</i> (4,413 <a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">long tons</a> (4,484 <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">t</a>)) was attacked northeast of the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands" title="Solomon Islands">Solomon Islands</a> and was sunk with <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedoes</a> after a chase in which three of her crew were killed by the raiders' guns. All 68 survivors were captured.<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_280_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill_280-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The raider captains intended to land a shore party and bombard Nauru's shore installations at dawn on 8 December, but bad weather forced them to concentrate on the ships which were off the island. On the evening of 7 December, <i>Komet</i>—which had gone ahead to reconnoitre and was disguised as the Japanese merchant ship <i>Manyo Maru</i>—sank the <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norwegian</a> merchant ship <i>Vinni</i> (5,181 long tons (5,264 t))<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> about 9 miles (14 km) south of Nauru. While the raider was spotted from the shore, her disguise was successful and she was assumed to be a merchant ship bound for Japan.<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_281_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill_281-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Orion</i> joined <i>Komet</i> off Nauru in the early hours of 8 December, and attacked and damaged <i>Triadic</i> (6,378 long tons (6,480 t)) and sank <i>Triaster</i> (6,032 long tons (6,129 t)). <i>Komet</i> then tried to sink <i>Triadic</i> with <a href="/wiki/Scuttling" title="Scuttling">scuttling</a> charges, but this was unsuccessful and <i>Orion</i> sank the merchant ship with gunfire. <i>Komet</i> later sank the British steamer <i>Komata</i> (3,900 long tons (4,000 t)). Following these attacks, the two raiders and <i>Kulmerland</i> withdrew and assembled 20 <a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">mi</a> (17 <a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nmi</a>; 32 <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">km</a>) east of Nauru. As the weather precluded a landing on the island, it was decided that <i>Komet</i> and <i>Kulmerland</i> would go to <a href="/wiki/Ailinglaplap_Atoll" title="Ailinglaplap Atoll">Ailinglaplap</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>, where <i>Komet</i> would refuel while <i>Orion</i> operated northwest of Nauru. After this, the ships met off the island and make another attempt to land a raiding party.<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_281_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill_281-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Germans_attacks_on_Nauru-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the Nauru region showing the movements of German ships and locations where Allied ships were sunk as described in the article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Germans_attacks_on_Nauru-en.svg/300px-Germans_attacks_on_Nauru-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Germans_attacks_on_Nauru-en.svg/450px-Germans_attacks_on_Nauru-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Germans_attacks_on_Nauru-en.svg/600px-Germans_attacks_on_Nauru-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1312" data-file-height="932" /></a><figcaption>The German attacks on Nauru on 7–8 December and 27 December 1940.</figcaption></figure> <p>When the German force reassembled off Nauru on 15 December, the weather remained too bad to allow a landing, so the attack on Nauru was broken off. Further attacks on shipping were judged impractical, as the raiders had intercepted radio messages ordering vessels bound for Nauru and Ocean Island to disperse. Instead, the three German ships proceeded to the Australian-administered island of <a href="/wiki/Emirau" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirau">Emirau</a> to disembark the 675 prisoners they were carrying.<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_281_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill_281-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weyher refused to release any of the European ethnic prisoners on board <i>Orion</i>, as he believed that "trained officers and crews are as much a problem for Britain as shipping itself". The ships landed 343 Europeans and 171 Chinese and South Pacific-ethnic people.<sup id="cite_ref-Waters_145_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waters_145-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prisoners on <i>Orion</i> were eventually taken back to Germany, where most of them saw out the war in the <a href="/wiki/Marlag_und_Milag_Nord" title="Marlag und Milag Nord">Marlag und Milag Nord</a> prison camps in Germany. </p><p>Fortunately for the Germans, Emirau was one of the few islands in the region to not have a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Navy" title="Royal Australian Navy">Royal Australian Navy</a>-supplied radio to contact the Australian authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_95_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson_95-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two European families on the island provided the released prisoners with supplies, and sent a canoe to <a href="/wiki/Kavieng" title="Kavieng">Kavieng</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Ireland_(island)" title="New Ireland (island)">New Ireland</a> to notify the Australian colonial government. A <a href="/wiki/Schooner" title="Schooner">schooner</a> was dispatched to bring additional supplies to Emirau, and arrived there on 24 December. The colonial administrator of <a href="/wiki/New_Britain" title="New Britain">New Britain</a> and further supplies was also flown to Emirau on board a flying boat. The released prisoners were embarked onto the steamer <i>Nellore</i> on 29 December to be transported to <a href="/wiki/Townsville" title="Townsville">Townsville</a> in <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, where they arrived on 1 January 1941. They provided useful intelligence on the German raiders' operations, and the German Naval Staff issued a directive on 19 February 1941 prohibiting raiders from releasing further prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-Waters_145-146_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waters_145-146-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The three German ships parted company after leaving Emirau on 21 December. <i>Orion</i> proceeded to Lamutrik and then <a href="/wiki/Maug_Islands" title="Maug Islands">Maug</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Mariana_Islands" title="Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a> to overhaul her engines, <i>Kulmerland</i> went to Japan, and only <i>Komet</i> continued operations in the South Pacific. She attempted to lay <a href="/wiki/Naval_mine" title="Naval mine">mines</a> off <a href="/wiki/Rabaul" title="Rabaul">Rabaul</a> on 24 December using her motor boat, but this project was abandoned when the boat's engines failed.<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_281_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill_281-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Komet</i> returned to Nauru following the unsuccessful attempt to mine Rabaul, and arrived off the island at 05:45 on the morning of 27 December. After issuing a warning for those on shore to not use radio and signalling her intent to destroy the phosphate loading plant, she opened fire at 06:40. The bombardment lasted for about an hour, during which the raider wrecked the loading plant, oil tanks, boats, buildings and mooring buoys. Following this attack, she sailed to the southeast and Nauru broadcast news of the attack to Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_281_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill_281-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the last visit of German ships to Nauru during the war, and <i>Komet</i> moved to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_282_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill_282-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_attacks_on_Nauru&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HMAS_Manoora_Nauru.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white photo of a large ship anchored off a beach. A damaged buoy is in the foreground of the photo." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/HMAS_Manoora_Nauru.jpg/220px-HMAS_Manoora_Nauru.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/HMAS_Manoora_Nauru.jpg/330px-HMAS_Manoora_Nauru.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/HMAS_Manoora_Nauru.jpg/440px-HMAS_Manoora_Nauru.jpg 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="342" /></a><figcaption>HMAS <i>Manoora</i> off Nauru in January 1941</figcaption></figure> <p>The German raids on Nauru affected the Australian and New Zealand economies and were the greatest success achieved by German raiders in the Pacific Ocean in World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-Waters_147-148_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waters_147-148-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It took ten weeks to resume phosphate shipments from Nauru, and the loss of ships and damaged infrastructure led to a significant decline in output. The resulting phosphate shortages forced the introduction of fertilizer <a href="/wiki/Rationing" title="Rationing">rationing</a> in New Zealand from July 1941. <i>Komet</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s bombardment of the island also interfered with phosphate consignments to Japan, which caused the Japanese government to threaten to reduce the aid it was providing to Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Waters_147-148_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Waters_147-148-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The success of the attacks on Nauru led to rumours in Australia and New Zealand that the raiders had been aided by treachery in the islands. Several investigations were conducted into the rumours and proved them to be unfounded.<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_282_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill_282-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to the attacks, Australian prime minister <a href="/wiki/Robert_Menzies" title="Robert Menzies">Robert Menzies</a> emphasised that Nauru had been undefended under the terms of the League of Nations mandate. Menzies stated that the raids were "another example of German duplicity and lack of regard for any of the common decencies which exist among civilised nations" and would "only deepen, if possible, the disgust with which Nazi Germany is regarded and the contempt in which she is held".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the raids, the Commonwealth military forces in the Pacific took steps to prevent further attacks by raiders. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_Air_Force" title="Royal New Zealand Air Force">Royal New Zealand Air Force</a> flew an increased number of patrols in search of raiders operating near major ports.<sup id="cite_ref-Forczyk_62_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forczyk_62-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the Australian Naval Board requested that the British Admiralty authorise the redeployment of Australian naval units to meet the threat posed by raiders. This was agreed to, and the <a href="/wiki/Light_cruiser" title="Light cruiser">light cruiser</a> <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Sydney_(D48)" title="HMAS Sydney (D48)">HMAS <i>Sydney</i></a> and armed merchant cruiser <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Kanimbla_(C78)" title="HMAS Kanimbla (C78)">HMAS <i>Kanimbla</i></a> returned to Australia from other stations. This allowed naval protection to be provided to Nauru and Ocean islands, and the armed merchant cruiser <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Manoora_(F48)" title="HMAS Manoora (F48)">HMAS <i>Manoora</i></a> arrived off Ocean Island on 4 January 1941 escorting <i>Trienza</i>. Several Australian and New Zealand warships maintained a continual presence off the islands in subsequent months, and two <a href="/wiki/Field_gun" title="Field gun">field guns</a> were deployed to each island. The attacks also led to the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Convoy" title="Convoy">convoys</a> between Australia and New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-Gill_284_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill_284-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The naval authorities were able to use the intelligence they gained from the prisoners landed at Emirau to re-route merchant ships away from the areas in which the German raiders were operating; this greatly reduced the effectiveness of the raiders, and <i>Komet</i> and <i>Orion</i> only sank three ships in the period between the attack on Nauru and their return to Europe in late 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-Forczyk_62_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Forczyk_62-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ships_sunk">Ships sunk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_attacks_on_Nauru&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ships sunk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>by <i>Komet</i></dt></dl> <ul><li>1940-12-06 <i>Triona</i> 4,413 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a></li> <li>1940-12-07 <i>Vinni</i><sup id="cite_ref-Vinni_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vinni-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 5,181 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a></li> <li>1940-12-07 <i>Komata</i><sup id="cite_ref-Komata_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Komata-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 3,900 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>by <i>Komet</i> together with <i>Orion</i></dt></dl> <ul><li>1940-12-08 <i>Triadic</i><sup id="cite_ref-Triadic_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triadic-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 6,378 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a></li> <li>1940-12-08 <i>Triaster</i><sup id="cite_ref-Triaster_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triaster-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 6,032 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_attacks_on_Nauru&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru" title="Japanese occupation of Nauru">Japanese occupation of Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Gilbert_Islands" title="Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands">Japanese occupation of the Gilbert Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Royden_Chalmers" title="Frederick Royden Chalmers">Frederick Royden Chalmers</a> (Administrator of Nauru)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_attacks_on_Nauru&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pretes_24-25-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pretes_24-25_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pretes (2003), pp. 24–25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gill_276-277-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gill_276-277_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gill (1957), pp. 276–277</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gill_277-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gill_277_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gill (1957), p. 277</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGreen1997" class="citation news cs1">Green, David M. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nauru-data.sprep.org/index.php/system/files/Nauru%20Historical%20Cttee%20%28%20-%20%29%20Nauru%20war%20sites%20and%20relics.pdf">"Nauru"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>After the Battle</i>. No. 94. p. 21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=After+the+Battle&rft.atitle=Nauru&rft.issue=94&rft.pages=21&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnauru-data.sprep.org%2Findex.php%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2FNauru%2520Historical%2520Cttee%2520%2528%2520-%2520%2529%2520Nauru%2520war%2520sites%2520and%2520relics.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+attacks+on+Nauru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gill_283-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gill_283_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gill (1957), p. 283</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Orion1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Orion1_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140810224100/http://www.bismarck-class.dk/hilfskreuzer/orion.html">"Hilfskreuzer (Auxiliary Cruiser) Orion"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bismarck-class.dk/bismarck_class/hilfskreuzer/orion.html">the original</a> on 10 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hilfskreuzer+%28Auxiliary+Cruiser%29+Orion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bismarck-class.dk%2Fbismarck_class%2Fhilfskreuzer%2Forion.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+attacks+on+Nauru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Komet1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Komet1_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bismarck-class.dk/bismarck_class/hilfskreuzer/komet.html">"Hilfskreuzer (Auxiliary Cruiser) Komet"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hilfskreuzer+%28Auxiliary+Cruiser%29+Komet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bismarck-class.dk%2Fbismarck_class%2Fhilfskreuzer%2Fkomet.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+attacks+on+Nauru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gill_280-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gill_280_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gill_280_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gill_280_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gill (1957), p. 280</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jackson_94-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_94_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson (1998), p. 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://warsailors.com/raidervictims/vinni.html">"MS <i>Vinni</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Story, Victim of Komet"</a>. Warsailors.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MS+Vinni%27s+Story%2C+Victim+of+Komet&rft.pub=Warsailors.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwarsailors.com%2Fraidervictims%2Fvinni.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+attacks+on+Nauru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gill_281-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gill_281_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gill_281_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gill_281_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gill_281_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gill_281_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gill (1957), p. 281</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waters_145-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Waters_145_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Waters (1956), p. 145</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jackson_95-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_95_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson (1998), p. 95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waters_145-146-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Waters_145-146_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Waters (1956), pp. 145–146</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gill_282-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gill_282_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gill_282_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gill (1957), p. 282</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Waters_147-148-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Waters_147-148_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Waters_147-148_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Waters (1956), pp. 147–148</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/25840276">"Nauru Island heavily shelled"</a>. <i>The Mercury</i>. Hobart. 28 December 1940.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Mercury&rft.atitle=Nauru+Island+heavily+shelled&rft.date=1940-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrove.nla.gov.au%2Fnewspaper%2Farticle%2F25840276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+attacks+on+Nauru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Forczyk_62-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Forczyk_62_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Forczyk_62_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Forczyk (2010), p. 62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gill_284-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gill_284_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gill (1957), p. 284</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vinni-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vinni_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?181099">"MV Vinni (+1940)"</a>. Wreaksite<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MV+Vinni+%28%2B1940%29&rft.pub=Wreaksite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrecksite.eu%2Fwreck.aspx%3F181099&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+attacks+on+Nauru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Komata-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Komata_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?136334">"SS Komata (+1940)"</a>. Wreaksite<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SS+Komata+%28%2B1940%29&rft.pub=Wreaksite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrecksite.eu%2Fwreck.aspx%3F136334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+attacks+on+Nauru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Triadic-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Triadic_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?31189">"MV Triadic (+1940)"</a>. Wreaksite<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MV+Triadic+%28%2B1940%29&rft.pub=Wreaksite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrecksite.eu%2Fwreck.aspx%3F31189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+attacks+on+Nauru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Triaster-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Triaster_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?138653">"MV Triaster (+1940)"</a>. Wreaksite<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MV+Triaster+%28%2B1940%29&rft.pub=Wreaksite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wrecksite.eu%2Fwreck.aspx%3F138653&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+attacks+on+Nauru" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=German_attacks_on_Nauru&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForczyk2010" class="citation book cs1">Forczyk, Robert (2010). <i>German Commerce Raider vs British Cruiser : The Atlantic & The Pacific, 1941</i>. Oxford: Osprey. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-918-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-918-8"><bdi>978-1-84603-918-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=German+Commerce+Raider+vs+British+Cruiser+%3A+The+Atlantic+%26+The+Pacific%2C+1941&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84603-918-8&rft.aulast=Forczyk&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+attacks+on+Nauru" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGill1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G._Hermon_Gill" title="G. Hermon Gill">Gill, G. Hermon</a> (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/RCDIG1070207/"><i>Royal Australian Navy 1939–1942</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Australia_in_the_War_of_1939%E2%80%931945" title="Australia in the War of 1939–1945">Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Series 2 – Navy</a>. Vol. 1. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/848228">848228</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Australian+Navy+1939%E2%80%931942&rft.place=Canberra&rft.series=Australia+in+the+War+of+1939%E2%80%931945.+Series+2+%E2%80%93+Navy&rft.pub=Australian+War+Memorial&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F848228&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=G.+Hermon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Fcollection%2FRCDIG1070207%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+attacks+on+Nauru" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1998" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Richard (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cUcmQvge2pwC&q=Nauru&pg=PA95">"Forcing Force Development: The Impact of the German raiders on New Zealand's Maritime Defences"</a>. In David Stevens (ed.). <i>Maritime Power in the 20th Century: The Australian Experience</i>. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86448-736-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-86448-736-4"><bdi>1-86448-736-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Forcing+Force+Development%3A+The+Impact+of+the+German+raiders+on+New+Zealand%27s+Maritime+Defences&rft.btitle=Maritime+Power+in+the+20th+Century%3A+The+Australian+Experience&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-86448-736-4&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcUcmQvge2pwC%26q%3DNauru%26pg%3DPA95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+attacks+on+Nauru" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPretes2003" class="citation journal cs1">Pretes, Michael (2003). "The Nauru Connection". <i>Wartime</i> (23). Canberra: Australian War Memorial. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1328-2727">1328-2727</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wartime&rft.atitle=The+Nauru+Connection&rft.issue=23&rft.date=2003&rft.issn=1328-2727&rft.aulast=Pretes&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+attacks+on+Nauru" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaters1956" class="citation book cs1">Waters, Sydney David (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/tei-WH2Navy.html"><i>The Royal New Zealand Navy</i></a>. The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–1945. Wellington: Historical Publications Branch.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Royal+New+Zealand+Navy&rft.place=Wellington&rft.series=The+Official+History+of+New+Zealand+in+the+Second+World+War+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.pub=Historical+Publications+Branch&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Waters&rft.aufirst=Sydney+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzetc.victoria.ac.nz%2Ftm%2Fscholarly%2Ftei-WH2Navy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGerman+attacks+on+Nauru" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=German_attacks_on_Nauru&params=0_32_11.28_S_166_54_33.78_E_type:event_region:NR"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">0°32′11.28″S</span> <span class="longitude">166°54′33.78″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">0.5364667°S 166.9093833°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-0.5364667; 166.9093833</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link 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topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nauru_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Nauru-related_articles" title="Index of Nauru-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nauru" title="History of Nauru">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Head_Chief_of_Nauru" title="Head Chief of Nauru">Head Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_Civil_War" title="Nauruan Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Nauru" title="List of colonial governors of Nauru">Colonial governors</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">German attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru" title="Japanese occupation of Nauru">Japanese occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Nauru" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Nauru">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru"><img alt="Nauru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/100px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/150px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Flag_of_Nauru.svg/200px-Flag_of_Nauru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nauru" title="Geography of Nauru">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canals_in_Nauru" title="Canals in Nauru">Canals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_Nauru" title="Constituencies of Nauru">Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_navigational_system" title="Nauruan navigational system">Navigational system</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Nauru">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiwo_District" title="Aiwo District">Aiwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabar_District" title="Anabar District">Anabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anetan_District" title="Anetan District">Anetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anibare_District" title="Anibare District">Anibare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baitsi_District" title="Baitsi District">Baitsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boe_District" title="Boe District">Boe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buada_District" title="Buada District">Buada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denigomodu_District" title="Denigomodu District">Denigomodu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ewa_District,_Nauru" title="Ewa District, Nauru">Ewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijuw_District" title="Ijuw District">Ijuw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meneng_District" title="Meneng District">Meneng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nibok_District" title="Nibok District">Nibok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uaboe_District" title="Uaboe District">Uaboe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaren_District" title="Yaren District">Yaren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_settlements_in_Nauru" title="List of settlements in Nauru">Settlements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aiwo_Constituency" title="Aiwo Constituency">Aiwo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabar_Constituency" title="Anabar Constituency">Anabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anetan_Constituency" title="Anetan Constituency">Anetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boe_Constituency" title="Boe Constituency">Boe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buada_Constituency" title="Buada Constituency">Buada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meneng_Constituency" title="Meneng Constituency">Meneng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubenide_Constituency" title="Ubenide Constituency">Ubenide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaren_Constituency" title="Yaren Constituency">Yaren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nauru" title="Politics of Nauru">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nauru" title="Constitution of Nauru">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nauru" title="Elections in Nauru">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Nauru" title="Foreign relations of Nauru">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Nauru" title="Human rights in Nauru">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Nauru">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru_Independence_Act_1967" title="Nauru Independence Act 1967">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Solution" title="Pacific Solution">Pacific Solution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Nauru" title="Parliament of Nauru">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Nauru" title="List of political parties in Nauru">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Nauru" title="President of Nauru">President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nauru" title="Economy of Nauru">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_of_Nauru" title="Category:Companies of Nauru">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphate_mining_in_Nauru" class="mw-redirect" title="Phosphate mining in Nauru">Phosphate mining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_mining_in_Nauru" title="Effects of mining in Nauru">Effects of mining in Nauru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nauru" title="Telecommunications in Nauru">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Nauru" title="Transport in Nauru">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Nauru" title="Category:Society of Nauru">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angam_Day" title="Angam Day">Angam Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nauru" title="Culture of Nauru">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nauru" title="Demographics of Nauru">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_indigenous_religion" title="Nauruan indigenous religion">Indigenous religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_Creole" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruan Creole">Nauruan Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_cuisine" title="Nauruan cuisine">Nauruan cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_language" title="Nauruan language">Nauruan language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Nauru" title="Music of Nauru">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_Nauru" title="Obesity in Nauru">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Nauru" title="Public holidays in Nauru">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Nauru" title="Category:Sport in Nauru">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Nauru" title="Tourism in Nauru">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Landmarks" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meneng_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Meneng Stadium">Meneng Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru_Regional_Processing_Centre" title="Nauru Regional Processing Centre">Nauru Regional Processing Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauru_Secondary_School" title="Nauru Secondary School">Nauru Secondary School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div 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