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href="#1st,_2nd,_and_3rd_Ionization_Energies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>1st, 2nd, and 3rd Ionization Energies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1st,_2nd,_and_3rd_Ionization_Energies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Effects_of_Electron_Shells_on_Ionization_Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Effects_of_Electron_Shells_on_Ionization_Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The Effects of Electron Shells on Ionization Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Effects_of_Electron_Shells_on_Ionization_Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div 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class="mw-page-title-main">Ionization energy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisasie-energie" title="Ionisasie-energie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ionisasie-energie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%86" title="طاقة تأين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طاقة تأين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enerch%C3%ADa_d%27ionizaci%C3%B3n" title="Enerchía d'ionización – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Enerchía d'ionización" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_d%27ionizaci%C3%B3n" title="Enerxía d'ionización – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Enerxía d'ionización" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF" title="আয়নিকরণ শক্তি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আয়নিকরণ শক্তি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Энергія іанізацыі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Энергія іанізацыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Йонизационна енергия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йонизационна енергия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energija_ionizacije" title="Energija ionizacije – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Energija ionizacije" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_d%27ionitzaci%C3%B3" title="Energia d'ionització – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Energia d'ionització" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%C4%95" title="Ионизаци энергийĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ионизаци энергийĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioniza%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_potenci%C3%A1l" title="Ionizační potenciál – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ionizační potenciál" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egni_%C3%AFoneiddiad" title="Egni ïoneiddiad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Egni ïoneiddiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioniseringsenergi" title="Ioniseringsenergi – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ioniseringsenergi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisierungsenergie" title="Ionisierungsenergie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ionisierungsenergie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisatsioonienergia" title="Ionisatsioonienergia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ionisatsioonienergia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B1_%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Ενέργεια ιονισμού – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ενέργεια ιονισμού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization_energy" title="Ionization energy – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Ionization energy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energ%C3%ADa_de_ionizaci%C3%B3n" title="Energía de ionización – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Energía de ionización" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joniga_energio" title="Joniga energio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Joniga energio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizazio-potentzial" title="Ionizazio-potentzial – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ionizazio-potentzial" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%98%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B4" title="انرژی یونش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انرژی یونش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89nergie_d%27ionisation" title="Énergie d'ionisation – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Énergie d'ionisation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuinneamh_ian%C3%BAch%C3%A1in" title="Fuinneamh ianúcháin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Fuinneamh ianúcháin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enerx%C3%ADa_de_ionizaci%C3%B3n" title="Enerxía de ionización – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Enerxía de ionización" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A8%ED%99%94_%EC%97%90%EB%84%88%EC%A7%80" title="이온화 에너지 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이온화 에너지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BB%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A7%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Իոնացման էներգիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իոնացման էներգիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" title="आयनन ऊर्जा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आयनन ऊर्जा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energija_ionizacije" title="Energija ionizacije – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Energija ionizacije" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energi_ionisasi" title="Energi ionisasi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Energi ionisasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_di_ionizzazione" title="Energia di ionizzazione – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Energia di ionizzazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="იონიზაციის ენერგია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იონიზაციის ენერგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Иондалу потенциалы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Иондалу потенциалы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/En%C3%A8ji_iyonizasyon" title="Enèji iyonizasyon – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Enèji iyonizasyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joniz%C4%81cijas_potenci%C4%81ls" title="Jonizācijas potenciāls – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jonizācijas potenciāls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionis%C3%A9ierungsenergie" title="Ioniséierungsenergie – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ioniséierungsenergie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioniz%C3%A1ci%C3%B3s_energia" title="Ionizációs energia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ionizációs energia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Енергија на јонизација – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Енергија на јонизација" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3_%E0%B4%8A%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%82" title="അയോണീകരണ ഊർജം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അയോണീകരണ ഊർജം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenaga_pengionan" title="Tenaga pengionan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tenaga pengionan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Иончлолын энерги – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Иончлолын энерги" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisatiepotentiaal" title="Ionisatiepotentiaal – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ionisatiepotentiaal" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E5%8C%96%E3%82%A8%E3%83%8D%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AE%E3%83%BC" title="イオン化エネルギー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イオン化エネルギー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioniseringsenergi" title="Ioniseringsenergi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ioniseringsenergi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencial_d%27ionizacion_dels_elements" title="Potencial d'ionizacion dels elements – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Potencial d'ionizacion dels elements" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionlanish_energiyasi" title="Ionlanish energiyasi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ionlanish energiyasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisatschoonsenergie" title="Ionisatschoonsenergie – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ionisatschoonsenergie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energia_jonizacji" title="Energia jonizacji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Energia jonizacji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potencial_de_ioniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Potencial de ionização – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Potencial de ionização" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energie_de_ionizare" title="Energie de ionizare – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Energie de ionizare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Энергия ионизации – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Энергия ионизации" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energjia_e_jonizuar" title="Energjia e jonizuar – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Energjia e jonizuar" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB_%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA" title="අයනීකරණ ශක්තිය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අයනීකරණ ශක්තිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioniza%C4%8Dn%C3%A1_energia" title="Ionizačná energia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ionizačná energia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizacijska_energija" title="Ionizacijska energija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ionizacijska energija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Енергија јонизације – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Енергија јонизације" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energija_jonizacije" title="Energija jonizacije – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Energija jonizacije" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionisoitumisenergia" title="Ionisoitumisenergia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ionisoitumisenergia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonisationspotential" title="Jonisationspotential – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jonisationspotential" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="மின்மமாக்கும் ஆற்றல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மின்மமாக்கும் ஆற்றல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="พลังงานไอออไนเซชัน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พลังงานไอออไนเซชัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0yonla%C5%9Fma_enerjisi" title="İyonlaşma enerjisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İyonlaşma enerjisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baglany%C5%9Fyk_energi%C3%BDasy" title="Baglanyşyk energiýasy – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Baglanyşyk energiýasy" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F_%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%97" title="Енергія іонізації – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Енергія іонізації" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/IonizationEnergyAtomicWeight.PNG/220px-IonizationEnergyAtomicWeight.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/IonizationEnergyAtomicWeight.PNG/330px-IonizationEnergyAtomicWeight.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/IonizationEnergyAtomicWeight.PNG/440px-IonizationEnergyAtomicWeight.PNG 2x" data-file-width="856" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>Ionization energy and <a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">Atomic number</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Ionization energy</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a> needed to remove the most loosely attached <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electron</a> from an atom. The atom is not connected to any other atoms. The <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical elements</a> to the left of the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a> have a much lower ionization energy. The ones to the right have a much higher ionization energy. The <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical elements</a> down the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a> have a much lower ionization energy (due to electrons being farther away from the atom with increasing <a href="/wiki/Atomic_radius" title="Atomic radius">atomic radius</a>). The ionization energy increases as each electron is removed. </p><p>Ionization energies are dependent upon the<i> atomic radius</i>. Since going from right to left on the periodic table, the atomic radius increases, and the ionization energy increases from left to right in the periods and up the groups. Exceptions to this trend is observed for <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">alkaline earth metals</a> (group 2) and nitrogen group elements (group 15). Typically, group 2 elements have ionization energy greater than <a href="/wiki/Group_13" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 13">group 13</a> elements and <a href="/wiki/Group_15_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 15 element">group 15</a> elements have greater ionization energy than <a href="/wiki/Group_16_element" title="Group 16 element">group 16</a> elements. Groups 2 and 15 have completely and half-filled <a href="/wiki/Electron_configuration" title="Electron configuration">electronic configuration</a> respectively, thus, it requires more energy to remove an electron from completely filled orbitals than incompletely filled orbitals. </p><p>Alkali metals (IA group) have small ionization energies, especially when compared to <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogens</a> or VII A group. In addition to the radius (distance between nucleus and the electrons in outermost orbital), the number of electrons between the nucleus and the electron(s) you're looking at in the outermost shell have an effect on the ionization energy as well. This effect, where the full positive charge of the nucleus is not felt by outer electrons due to the negative charges of inner electrons partially canceling out the positive charge, is called shielding. The more electrons shielding the outer electron shell from the nucleus, the less energy required to expel an electron from said atom. The higher the <i><a href="/wiki/Shielding_effect" title="Shielding effect">shielding</a> effect</i> the lower the ionization energy. It is because of the shielding effect that the ionization energy decreases from top to bottom within a group. From this trend, Cesium is said to have the lowest ionization energy and Fluorine is said to have the highest ionization energy (with the exception of <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1st,_2nd,_and_3rd_Ionization_Energies"><span id="1st.2C_2nd.2C_and_3rd_Ionization_Energies"></span>1st, 2nd, and 3rd Ionization Energies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionization_energy&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Ionization Energies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionization_energy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Ionization Energies"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>first ionization energy is the</i> energy required to take away an electron from a neutral atom and the <i>second ionization energy</i> is the energy required to take away an electron from an atom with a +1 charge and so on. Each succeeding ionization energy is larger than the preceding energy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Effects_of_Electron_Shells_on_Ionization_Energy">The Effects of Electron Shells on Ionization Energy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionization_energy&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: The Effects of Electron Shells on Ionization Energy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionization_energy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: The Effects of Electron Shells on Ionization Energy"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Electron orbitals are separated into various shells which have strong impacts on the ionization energies of the various electrons. For instance, let us look at aluminum. Aluminum is the first element of its period with electrons in the 3p shell. This makes the first ionization energy comparably low to the other elements in the same period, because it only has to get rid of one electron to make a stable 3s shell, the new <a href="/wiki/Valence_electron" title="Valence electron">valence electron</a> shell. However, once you've moved past the first ionization energy into the second ionization energy, there is a large jump in the amount of energy required to expel another electron. This is because you now are trying to take an electron from a fairly stable and full 3s electron shell. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="boilerplate metadata plainlinks" id="stub"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chem_template.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chem_template.svg/30px-Chem_template.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chem_template.svg/45px-Chem_template.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Chem_template.svg/60px-Chem_template.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <i>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">short article</a> about <a href="/wiki/Category:Chemistry_stubs" title="Category:Chemistry stubs">chemistry</a> can be made longer. 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