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Yasin</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Madiha Yasin"> <meta name="keywords" content="Madiha Yasin"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Madiha Yasin"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 18</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Madiha Yasin</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Acute Coronary Syndrome Prediction Using Data Mining Techniques- An Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tahseen%20A.%20Jilani">Tahseen A. Jilani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Huda%20Yasin"> Huda Yasin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Madiha%20Yasin"> Madiha Yasin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Ardil"> C. Ardil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper we use data mining techniques to investigate factors that contribute significantly to enhancing the risk of acute coronary syndrome. We assume that the dependent variable is diagnosis – with dichotomous values showing presence or  absence of disease. We have applied binary regression to the factors affecting the dependent variable. The data set has been taken from two different cardiac hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. We have total sixteen variables out of which one is assumed dependent and other 15 are independent variables. For better performance of the regression model in predicting acute coronary syndrome, data reduction techniques like principle component analysis is applied. Based on results of data reduction, we have considered only 14 out of sixteen factors.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Acute%20coronary%20syndrome%20%28ACS%29" title="Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)">Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=binary%20logistic%0D%0Aregression%20analyses" title=" binary logistic regression analyses"> binary logistic regression analyses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=myocardial%20ischemia%20%28MI%29" title=" myocardial ischemia (MI)"> myocardial ischemia (MI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=principle%20component%0D%0Aanalysis" title=" principle component analysis"> principle component analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=unstable%20angina%20%28U.A.%29." title=" unstable angina (U.A.)."> unstable angina (U.A.).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5423/acute-coronary-syndrome-prediction-using-data-mining-techniques-an-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5423/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5423/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5423/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5423/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5423/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5423/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5423/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5423/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5423/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5423/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2114</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Big Data: Big Challenges to Privacy and Data Protection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abu%20Bakar%20Munir">Abu Bakar Munir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Siti%20Hajar%20Mohd%20Yasin"> Siti Hajar Mohd Yasin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Firdaus%20Muhammad-Sukki"> Firdaus Muhammad-Sukki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper seeks to analyse the benefits of big data and more importantly the challenges it pose to the subject of privacy and data protection. First, the nature of big data will be briefly deliberated before presenting the potential of big data in the present days. Afterwards, the issue of privacy and data protection is highlighted before discussing the challenges of implementing this issue in big data. In conclusion, the paper will put forward the debate on the adequacy of the existing legal framework in protecting personal data in the era of big data.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Big%20data" title="Big data">Big data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=data%20protection" title=" data protection"> data protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=information" title=" information"> information</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=privacy." title=" privacy."> privacy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/big-data-big-challenges-to-privacy-and-data-protection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3924</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Rubric in Vocational Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Azmanirah%20Ab%20Rahman">Azmanirah Ab Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jamil%20Ahmad"> Jamil Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ruhizan%20Muhammad%20Yasin"> Ruhizan Muhammad Yasin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Rubric is a very important tool for teachers and students for a variety of purposes. Teachers use the rubric for evaluating student work while students use rubrics for self-assessment. Therefore, this paper was emphasized scoring rubric as a scoring tool for teachers in an environment of Competency Based Education and Training (CBET) in Malaysia Vocational College. A total of three teachers in the fields of electrical and electronics engineering were interviewed to identify how the use of rubrics practiced since vocational transformation implemented in 2012. Overall holistic rubric used to determine the performance of students in the skills area.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rubric" title="Rubric">Rubric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vocational%20Education." title=" Vocational Education."> Vocational Education.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997162/rubric-in-vocational-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997162/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997162/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997162/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997162/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997162/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997162/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997162/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997162/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997162/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997162/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997162.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3594</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Web portal As A Knowledge Management System In The Universities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marjan%20Mansourvar">Marjan Mansourvar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Norizan%20Mohd%20Yasin"> Norizan Mohd Yasin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The development of Web has affected different aspects of our lives, such as communication, sharing knowledge, searching for jobs, social activities, etc. The web portal as a gateway in the World Wide Web is a starting point for people who are connecting to the Internet. The web portal as the type of knowledge management system provides a rich space to share and search information as well as communication services like free email or content provision for the users. This research aims to discover the university needs to the web portal as a necessary tool for students in the universities to help them in getting the required information. A survey was conducted to gather students' requirements which can be incorporated in to portal to be developed.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Knowledge" title="Knowledge">Knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Knowledge%20management%20system" title=" Knowledge management system"> Knowledge management system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Knowledge%20sharing" title=" Knowledge sharing"> Knowledge sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=web%20portal." title=" web portal."> web portal.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5677/web-portal-as-a-knowledge-management-system-in-the-universities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5677/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5677/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5677/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5677/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5677/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5677/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5677/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5677/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5677/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5677/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5677.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1889</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Molecular Docking Studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA Polymerase β Subunit (rpoB) Receptor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Virupakshaiah%20DBM">Virupakshaiah DBM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Madiha%20Ahmed"> Madiha Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Smita%20T.%20Patil"> Smita T. Patil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chandrakanth%20Kelmani"> Chandrakanth Kelmani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infectious disease caused by the obligate human pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a global reality that threatens tuberculosis control. Resistance to antibiotic Rifampicin, occurs in 95% of cases through nucleotide substitutions in an 81-bp core region of the rpoB i.e; beta subunit of DNA dependant RNA polymerase. In this paper, we studied the Rifampicin-rpoB receptor interactions In silico. First, homology modeling was performed to obtain the three dimensional structure of Mycobacterium rpoB. Sixty analogs of Rifampicin were prepared using Marvin sketch software. Both original Rifampicin and the analogs were docked with rpoB and energy values were obtained. Out of sixty analogs, 43 analogs had lesser energy values than conventional Rifampicin and hence are predicted to have greater binding affinity to rpoB. Thus, this study offers a route for the development of Rifampicin analogs against multi drug resistant Mycobacterium rpoB. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Marvin%20Sketch" title="Marvin Sketch">Marvin Sketch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mycobacterium%20tuberculosis" title=" Mycobacterium tuberculosis"> Mycobacterium tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rifampicin" title="Rifampicin">Rifampicin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rpoB." title=" rpoB."> rpoB.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12709/molecular-docking-studies-of-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-rna-polymerase-v-subunit-rpob-receptor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12709/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12709/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12709/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12709/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12709/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12709/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12709/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12709/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12709/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12709/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">7028</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Quantum Localization of Vibrational Mirror in Cavity Optomechanics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Madiha%20Tariq">Madiha Tariq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hena%20Rabbani"> Hena Rabbani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Recently, cavity-optomechanics becomes an extensive research field that has manipulated the mechanical effects of light for coupling of the optical field with other physical objects specifically with regards to dynamical localization. We investigate the dynamical localization (both in momentum and position space) for a vibrational mirror in a Fabry-Pérot cavity driven by a single mode optical field and a transverse probe field. The weak probe field phenomenon results in classical chaos in phase space and spatio temporal dynamics in position |ψ(x)²| and momentum space |ψ(p)²| versus time show quantum localization in both momentum and position space. Also, we discuss the parametric dependencies of dynamical localization for a designated set of parameters to be experimentally feasible. Our work opens an avenue to manipulate the other optical phenomena and applicability of proposed work can be prolonged to turn-able laser sources in the future.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dynamical%20localization" title="Dynamical localization">Dynamical localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cavity%20optomechanics" title=" cavity optomechanics"> cavity optomechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hamiltonian%20chaos" title=" hamiltonian chaos"> hamiltonian chaos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=probe%20field." title=" probe field."> probe field.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010276/quantum-localization-of-vibrational-mirror-in-cavity-optomechanics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010276/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010276/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010276/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010276/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010276/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010276/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010276/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010276/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010276/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010276/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010276.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">778</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Measuring Text-Based Semantics Relatedness Using WordNet</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Madiha%20Khan">Madiha Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sidrah%20Ramzan"> Sidrah Ramzan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seemab%20Khan"> Seemab Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shahzad%20Hassan"> Shahzad Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kamran%20Saeed"> Kamran Saeed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Measuring semantic similarity between texts is calculating semantic relatedness between texts using various techniques. Our web application (Measuring Relatedness of Concepts-MRC) allows user to input two text corpuses and get semantic similarity percentage between both using WordNet. Our application goes through five stages for the computation of semantic relatedness. Those stages are: Preprocessing (extracts keywords from content), Feature Extraction (classification of words into Parts-of-Speech), Synonyms Extraction (retrieves synonyms against each keyword), Measuring Similarity (using keywords and synonyms, similarity is measured) and Visualization (graphical representation of similarity measure). Hence the user can measure similarity on basis of features as well. The end result is a percentage score and the word(s) which form the basis of similarity between both texts with use of different tools on same platform. In future work we look forward for a Web as a live corpus application that provides a simpler and user friendly tool to compare documents and extract useful information.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GraphViz%20representation" title="GraphViz representation">GraphViz representation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=semantic%20relatedness" title=" semantic relatedness"> semantic relatedness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=similarity%20measurement" title=" similarity measurement"> similarity measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WordNet%20similarity." title=" WordNet similarity."> WordNet similarity.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010427/measuring-text-based-semantics-relatedness-using-wordnet" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010427/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010427/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010427/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010427/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010427/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010427/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010427/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010427/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010427/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010427/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">836</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> A Validity and Reliability Study of Grasha- Riechmann Student Learning Style Scale</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ya%C5%9Far%20Baykul">Yaşar Baykul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Musa%20G%C3%BCrsel"> Musa Gürsel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hac%C4%B1%20Sulak"> Hacı Sulak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Erhan%20Ertekin"> Erhan Ertekin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ersen%20Yaz%C4%B1c%C4%B1"> Ersen Yazıcı</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Osman%20D%C3%BClger"> Osman Dülger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yasin%20Aslan"> Yasin Aslan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ka%C4%9Fan%20B%C3%BCy%C3%BCkkarc%C4%B1"> Kağan Büyükkarcı</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The reliability of the tools developed to learn the learning styles is essential to find out students- learning styles trustworthily. For this purpose, the psychometric features of Grasha- Riechman Student Learning Style Inventory developed by Grasha was studied to contribute to this field. The study was carried out on 6th, 7th, and 8th graders of 10 primary education schools in Konya. The inventory was applied twice with an interval of one month, and according to the data of this application, the reliability coefficient numbers of the 6 sub-dimensions pointed in the theory of the inventory was found to be medium. Besides, it was found that the inventory does not have a structure with 6 factors for both Mathematics and English courses as represented in the theory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Learning%20styles" title="Learning styles">Learning styles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Grasha-Riechmann" title=" Grasha-Riechmann"> Grasha-Riechmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=validity." title=" validity."> validity.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6624/a-validity-and-reliability-study-of-grasha-riechmann-student-learning-style-scale" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6624/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6624/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6624/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6624/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6624/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6624/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6624/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6624/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6624/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6624/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6624.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">6557</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Effect of Herbicides on Narrow Leaved Weeds and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Yasin">M. Yasin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Tanveer"> A. Tanveer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Z.%20Iqbal"> Z. Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20Ali"> A. Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of five herbicides on narrow leaved weeds and growth and yield of wheat. An experiment was conducted at Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block designee (RCBD) with three replications. Treatments studied were clodinafop (Topic-15 WG) at 37 g a.i. ha-1, clodinafop (Topaz-15 WG) at 45 g a.i. ha-1, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (Puma Super-75 EW) at 45 g a.i. ha-1, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (Gramicide-6.9 EW) at 85 g a.i. ha-1, fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (Chinlima-6.9 EW) at 85 g a.i. ha-1 and weedy check. Plots treated with fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (Puma Super-75 EW) at 45 g a.i. ha-1 produced relatively less weed biomass, more plant height, number of spike bearing tillers, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight and grain yield (4.20 t ha-1). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=clodinafop" title="clodinafop">clodinafop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fenoxaprop-p-ethyl" title=" fenoxaprop-p-ethyl"> fenoxaprop-p-ethyl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=weeds" title=" weeds"> weeds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wheat" title=" wheat"> wheat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6256/effect-of-herbicides-on-narrow-leaved-weeds-and-yield-of-wheat-triticum-aestivum-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6256/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6256/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6256/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6256/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6256/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6256/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6256/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6256/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6256/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6256/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Evaluation of Manual and Automatic Calibration Methods for Digital Tachographs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sarp%20Erturk">Sarp Erturk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Levent%20Eyigel"> Levent Eyigel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cihat%20Celik"> Cihat Celik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammet%20Sahinoglu"> Muhammet Sahinoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Serdar%20Ay"> Serdar Ay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yasin%20Kaya"> Yasin Kaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hasan%20Kaya"> Hasan Kaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents a quantitative analysis on the need for automotive calibration methods for digital tachographs. Digital tachographs are mandatory for vehicles used in people and goods transport and they are an important aspect for road safety and inspection. Digital tachographs need to be calibrated for workshops in order for the digital tachograph to display and record speed and odometer values correctly. Calibration of digital tachographs can be performed either manual or automatic. It is shown in this paper that manual calibration of digital tachographs is prone to errors and there can be differences between manual and automatic calibration parameters. Therefore automatic calibration methods are imperative for digital tachograph calibration. The presented experimental results and error analysis clearly support the claims of the paper by evaluating and statistically comparing manual and automatic calibration methods.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Digital%20tachograph" title="Digital tachograph">Digital tachograph</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=road%20safety" title=" road safety"> road safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tachograph%20calibration" title=" tachograph calibration"> tachograph calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tachograph%20workshops." title=" tachograph workshops. "> tachograph workshops. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010564/evaluation-of-manual-and-automatic-calibration-methods-for-digital-tachographs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010564/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010564/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010564/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010564/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010564/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010564/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010564/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010564/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010564/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010564/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">778</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Multi Language Text Editor for Burushaski and Urdu through Unicode </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Irfan%20Qadir%20Baig">Irfan Qadir Baig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20Sharif"> Muhammad Sharif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Aman%20Ullah%20Khan"> Aman Ullah Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces an isolated and unique ancient language Burushaski, spoken in Hunza, Nagar, Yasin and parts of Gilgit in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. It explains the working mechanism of Multi Language Text Editor for Urdu and Burushaski. It is developed under the use of ISO/IEC 10646 Unicode standards for Urdu and Burushaski open-type fonts. It gives an ample opportunity to this regional ancient language to have a modern Information technology for its promotion and preservation. The main objective of this research paper is to help preserve the heritage of such rare languages and give smart way of automation. It also facilitates to those who are interested in undertaking research on Burushaski or keen to trace fonatic relationship between the national Urdu language and Burushaski. Since this editor covers both Burushaski and Urdu so it can play an important role to introduce Burusho linguistic culture to the world at large. Precisely, as a result of this research paper, Burushaski publication through IT means would be possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Burushaski" title="Burushaski">Burushaski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bri%20Naqsh" title=" Bri Naqsh"> Bri Naqsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Unicode" title=" Unicode"> Unicode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Burusho" title=" Burusho"> Burusho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hunza" title=" Hunza"> Hunza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Meshaski." title="Meshaski.">Meshaski.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13870/multi-language-text-editor-for-burushaski-and-urdu-through-unicode" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13870/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13870/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13870/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13870/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13870/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13870/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13870/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13870/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13870/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13870/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/13870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> On-Line Consumer Comments (E-Wom): A Case Qualitative Analysis on Resort Hotel Consumers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yasin%20Bilim">Yasin Bilim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alaaddin%20Ba%C5%9Foda"> Alaaddin Başoda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The recent growth of internet applications on hospitality and tourism provokes on-line consumer comments and reviews. Many researchers and practitioners have named this enormous potential as “e-WOM (electronic word of mouth)”. Travel comments are important experiential information for the potential travellers. Many researches have been conducted to analyse the effects of e-WOM on hotel consumers. Broadly quantitative methods have been used for analysing online comments. But, a few studies have mentioned about the positive practical aspects of the comments for hotel marketers. The study aims to show different usage and effects of hotel consumers’ comments. As qualitative analysis method, grounded theory, content and discourse analysis, were used. The data based on the 10 resort hotel consumers’ on-line comments. Results show that consumers tend to write comments about service person, rooms, food services and pool in their online space. These indicators can be used by hotel marketers as a marketing information tool.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Comments" title="Comments">Comments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E-WOM" title=" E-WOM"> E-WOM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hotel%20consumer" title=" hotel consumer"> hotel consumer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=qualitative." title=" qualitative."> qualitative.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998566/on-line-consumer-comments-e-wom-a-case-qualitative-analysis-on-resort-hotel-consumers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998566/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998566/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998566/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998566/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998566/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998566/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998566/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998566/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998566/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998566/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9998566.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Hydrophobic Characteristics of EPDM Composite Insulators in Simulated Arid Desert Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yasin%20Khan">Yasin Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Overhead electrical insulators form an important link in an electric power system. Along with the traditional insulators (i.e. glass and porcelain, etc) presently the polymeric insulators are also used world widely. These polymeric insulators are very sensitive to various environmental parameters such temperature, environmental pollution, UV-radiations, etc. which seriously effect their electrical, chemical and hydrophobic properties. The UV radiation level in the central region of Saudi Arabia is high as compared to the IEC standard for the accelerated aging of the composite insulators. Commonly used suspension type of composite EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer) insulator was subjected to accelerated stress aging as per modified IEC standard simulating the inland arid deserts atmospheric condition and also as per IEC-61109 standard. The hydrophobic characteristics were studied by measuring the contact angle along the insulator surface before and after the accelerated aging of the samples. It was found that EPDM insulator loses it hydrophobic properties proportional to the intensity of UV irradiations and its rate of recovery is also very low as compared to Silicone Rubber insulator.KeywordsEPDM, composite insulators, accelerated aging, hydrophobicity, contact angle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=EPDM" title="EPDM">EPDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=composite%20insulators" title=" composite insulators"> composite insulators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=accelerated%20aging" title=" accelerated aging"> accelerated aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hydrophobicity" title=" hydrophobicity"> hydrophobicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=contact%20angle." title=" contact angle."> contact angle.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15845/hydrophobic-characteristics-of-epdm-composite-insulators-in-simulated-arid-desert-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15845/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15845/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15845/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15845/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15845/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15845/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15845/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15845/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15845/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15845/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15845.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2756</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Effect of Marginal Quality Groundwater on Yield of Cotton Crop and Soil Salinity Status</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Qureshi">Qureshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20L."> A. L.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mahessar%20A.%20A."> Mahessar A. A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dashti"> Dashti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20K."> R. K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yasin%20S.%20M."> Yasin S. M.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, effect of marginal quality groundwater on yield of cotton crop and soil salinity was studied. In this connection, three irrigation treatments each with four replications were applied. These treatments were i) use of canal water (T1), ii) use of marginal quality groundwater from tubewell (T2), and iii) conjunctive use by mixing with the ratio of 1:1 of canal water and marginal quality tubewell water (T3). Water was applied to the crop cultivated in Kharif season 2011; its quantity has been measured using cut-throat flume. Total 11 watering each of 50 mm depth have been applied from 20th April to 20th July, 2011. Further, irrigations were stopped due to monsoon rainfall up to crop harvesting. Maximum crop yield (seed cotton) was observed under T1 which was 1,517 kg/ha followed by T3 (mixed canal and tubewell water) having 1009 kg/ha and T2 i.e. marginal quality groundwater having 709 kg/ha. This concludes that crop yield in T2 and T3 in comparison to T1was reduced by about 53 and 30% respectively. It has been observed that yield of cotton crop is below potential limit for three treatments due to unexpected rainfall at the time of full flowering season; thus the yield was adversely affected. However, salt deposition in soil profiles was not observed that is due to leaching effect of heavy rainfall occurred during monsoon season.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Conjunctive%20Use" title="Conjunctive Use">Conjunctive Use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cotton%20Crop" title=" Cotton Crop"> Cotton Crop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Groundwater" title=" Groundwater"> Groundwater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Soil%0D%0ASalinity%20Status" title=" Soil Salinity Status"> Soil Salinity Status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Water%20Use%20Efficiency%20%28WUE%29." title=" Water Use Efficiency (WUE)."> Water Use Efficiency (WUE).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000286/effect-of-marginal-quality-groundwater-on-yield-of-cotton-crop-and-soil-salinity-status" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000286/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000286/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000286/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000286/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000286/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000286/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000286/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000286/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000286/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000286/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2367</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Identification of the Antimicrobial Effect of Liquorice Extracts on Gram-Positive Bacteria: Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Mechanism of Action Using a luxABCDE Reporter Strain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Madiha%20El%20Awamie">Madiha El Awamie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Catherine%20Rees"> Catherine Rees</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Natural preservatives have been used as alternatives to traditional chemical preservatives; however, a limited number have been commercially developed and many remain to be investigated as sources of safer and effective antimicrobials. In this study, we have been investigating the antimicrobial activity of an extract of <em>Glycyrrhiza glabra</em> (liquorice) that was provided as a waste material from the production of liquorice flavourings for the food industry, and to investigate if this retained the expected antimicrobial activity so it could be used as a natural preservative. Antibacterial activity of liquorice extract was screened for evidence of growth inhibition against eight species of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including <em>Listeria monocytogenes, Listeria innocua, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis</em> and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>. The Gram-negative bacteria tested include <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli </em>and<em> Salmonella typhimurium</em> but none of these were affected by the extract. In contrast, for all of the Gram-positive bacteria tested, growth was inhibited as monitored using optical density. However parallel studies using viable count indicated that the cells were not killed meaning that the extract was bacteriostatic rather than bacteriocidal. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration [MBC] of the extract was also determined and a concentration of 50 µg ml<sup>-1</sup> was found to have a strong bacteriostatic effect on Gram-positive bacteria. Microscopic analysis indicated that there were changes in cell shape suggesting the cell wall was affected. In addition, the use of a reporter strain of <em>Listeria</em> transformed with the bioluminescence genes <em>luxABCDE</em> indicated that cell energy levels were reduced when treated with either 12.5 or 50 µg ml<sup>-1</sup> of the extract, with the reduction in light output being proportional to the concentration of the extract used. Together these results suggest that the extract is inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive bacteria only by damaging the cell wall and/or membrane.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Antibacterial%20activity" title="Antibacterial activity">Antibacterial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=bioluminescence" title=" bioluminescence"> bioluminescence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Glycyrrhiza%20glabra" title=" Glycyrrhiza glabra"> Glycyrrhiza glabra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=natural%20preservative." title=" natural preservative. "> natural preservative. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004804/identification-of-the-antimicrobial-effect-of-liquorice-extracts-on-gram-positive-bacteria-determination-of-minimum-inhibitory-concentration-and-mechanism-of-action-using-a-luxabcde-reporter-strain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004804/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004804/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004804/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004804/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004804/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004804/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004804/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004804/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004804/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004804/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004804.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1682</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Genotypic and Allelic Distribution of Polymorphic Variants of Gene SLC47A1 Leu125Phe (rs77474263) and Gly64Asp (rs77630697) and Their Association to the Clinical Response to Metformin in Adult Pakistani T2DM Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sadaf%20Moeez">Sadaf Moeez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Madiha%20Khalid"> Madiha Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zoya%20Khalid"> Zoya Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sania%20Shaheen"> Sania Shaheen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sumbul%20Khalid"> Sumbul Khalid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Background: Inter-individual variation in response to metformin, which has been considered as a first line therapy for T2DM treatment is considerable. In the current study, it was aimed to investigate the impact of two genetic variants Leu125Phe (rs77474263) and Gly64Asp (rs77630697) in gene <em>SLC47A1</em> on the clinical efficacy of metformin in T2DM Pakistani patients. Methods: The study included 800 T2DM patients (400 metformin responders and 400 metformin non-responders) along with 400 ethnically matched healthy individuals. The genotypes were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. <em>In-silico</em> analysis was done to confirm the effect of the two SNPs on the structure of genes. Association was statistically determined using SPSS software. Results: Minor allele frequency for rs77474263 and rs77630697 was 0.13 and 0.12. For <em>SLC47A1 </em>rs77474263 the homozygotes of one mutant allele ‘T’ (CT) of rs77474263 variant were fewer in metformin responders than metformin non-responders (29.2% vs. 35.5 %). Likewise, the efficacy was further reduced (7.2% vs. 4.0 %) in homozygotes of two copies of ‘T’ allele (TT). Remarkably, T2DM cases with two copies of allele ‘C’ (CC) had 2.11 times more probability to respond towards metformin monotherapy. For <em>SLC47A1 </em>rs77630697 the homozygotes of one mutant allele ‘A’ (GA) of rs77630697 variant were fewer in metformin responders than metformin non-responders (33.5% vs. 43.0 %). Likewise, the efficacy was further reduced (8.5% vs. 4.5%) in homozygotes of two copies of ‘A’ allele (AA). Remarkably, T2DM cases with two copies of allele ‘G’ (GG) had 2.41 times more probability to respond towards metformin monotherapy. <em>In-silico</em> analysis revealed that these two variants affect the structure and stability of their corresponding proteins. Conclusion: The present data suggest that <em>SLC47A1 </em>Leu125Phe (rs77474263) and Gly64Asp (rs77630697) polymorphisms were associated with the therapeutic response of metformin in T2DM patients of Pakistan.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Diabetes" title="Diabetes">Diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T2DM" title=" T2DM"> T2DM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SLC47A1" title=" SLC47A1"> SLC47A1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=polymorphism." title=" polymorphism."> polymorphism.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010491/genotypic-and-allelic-distribution-of-polymorphic-variants-of-gene-slc47a1-leu125phe-rs77474263-and-gly64asp-rs77630697-and-their-association-to-the-clinical-response-to-metformin-in-adult-pakistani-t2dm-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010491/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010491/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010491/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010491/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010491/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010491/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010491/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010491/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010491/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010491/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010491.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">734</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Loading and Unloading Scheduling Problem in a Multiple-Multiple Logistics Network: Modeling and Solving</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yasin%20Tadayonrad">Yasin Tadayonrad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alassane%20Ball%C3%A9%20Ndiaye"> Alassane Ballé Ndiaye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Most of the supply chain networks have many nodes starting from the suppliers’ side up to the customers’ side that each node sends/receives the raw materials/products from/to the other nodes. One of the major concerns in this kind of supply chain network is finding the best schedule for loading/unloading the shipments through the whole network by which all the constraints in the source and destination nodes are met and all the shipments are delivered on time. One of the main constraints in this problem is the loading/unloading capacity in each source/destination node at each time slot (e.g., per week/day/hour). Because of the different characteristics of different products/groups of products, the capacity of each node might differ based on each group of products. In most supply chain networks (especially in the Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry), there are different planners/planning teams working separately in different nodes to determine the loading/unloading timeslots in source/destination nodes to send/receive the shipments. In this paper, a mathematical problem has been proposed to find the best timeslots for loading/unloading the shipments minimizing the overall delays subject to respecting the capacity of loading/unloading of each node, the required delivery date of each shipment (considering the lead-times), and working-days of each node. This model was implemented on Python and solved using Python-MIP on a sample data set. Finally, the idea of a heuristic algorithm has been proposed as a way of improving the solution method that helps to implement the model on larger data sets in real business cases, including more nodes and shipments.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Supply%20chain%20management" title="Supply chain management">Supply chain management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=transportation" title=" transportation"> transportation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multiple-multiple%20network" title=" multiple-multiple network"> multiple-multiple network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=timeslots%20management" title=" timeslots management"> timeslots management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title=" mathematical modeling"> mathematical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=mixed%20integer%20programming." title=" mixed integer programming."> mixed integer programming.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012715/loading-and-unloading-scheduling-problem-in-a-multiple-multiple-logistics-network-modeling-and-solving" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012715/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012715/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012715/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012715/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012715/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012715/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012715/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012715/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012715/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012715/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012715.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">524</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Design Charts for Strip Footing on Untreated and Cement Treated Sand Mat over Underlying Natural Soft Clay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sharifullah%20Ahmed">Sharifullah Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Sarwar%20Jahan%20Md.%20Yasin"> Sarwar Jahan Md. Yasin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Shallow foundations on unimproved soft natural soils can undergo a high consolidation and secondary settlement. For low and medium rise building projects on such soil condition, pile foundation may not be cost effective. In such cases an alternative to pile foundations may be shallow strip footings placed on a double layered improved soil system soil. The upper layer of this system is untreated or cement treated compacted sand and underlying layer is natural soft clay. This system will reduce the settlement to an allowable limit. The current research has been conducted with the settlement of a rigid plane-strain strip footing of 2.5 m width placed on the surface of a soil consisting of an untreated or cement treated sand layer overlying a bed of homogeneous soft clay. The settlement of the mentioned shallow foundation has been studied considering both cases with the thicknesses of the sand layer are 0.3 to 0.9 times the width of footing. The response of the clay layer is assumed as undrained for plastic loading stages and drained during consolidation stages. The response of the sand layer is drained during all loading stages. FEM analysis was done using PLAXIS 2D Version 8.0. A natural clay deposit of 15 m thickness and 18 m width has been modeled using Hardening Soil Model, Soft Soil Model, Soft Soil Creep Model, and upper improvement layer has been modeled using only Hardening Soil Model. The groundwater level is at the top level of the clay deposit that made the system fully saturated. Parametric study has been conducted to determine the effect of thickness, density, cementation of the sand mat and density, shear strength of the soft clay layer on the settlement of strip foundation under the uniformly distributed vertical load of varying value. A set of the chart has been established for designing shallow strip footing on the sand mat over thick, soft clay deposit through obtaining the particular thickness of sand mat for particular subsoil parameter to ensure no punching shear failure and no settlement beyond allowable level. Design guideline in the form of non-dimensional charts has been developed for footing pressure equivalent to medium-rise residential or commercial building foundation with strip footing on soft inorganic Normally Consolidated (NC) soil of Bangladesh having void ratio from 1.0 to 1.45.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Design%20charts" title="Design charts">Design charts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ground%20improvement" title=" ground improvement"> ground improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PLAXIS%202D" title=" PLAXIS 2D"> PLAXIS 2D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=primary%20and%20secondary%20settlement" title=" primary and secondary settlement"> primary and secondary settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=sand%20Mat" title=" sand Mat"> sand Mat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=soft%20clay." title=" soft clay."> soft clay.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011708/design-charts-for-strip-footing-on-untreated-and-cement-treated-sand-mat-over-underlying-natural-soft-clay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011708/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011708/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011708/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011708/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011708/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011708/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary 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