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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Game subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Periods_and_overtime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Periods_and_overtime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Periods and overtime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Periods_and_overtime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penalties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penalties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Penalties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penalties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Officials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Officials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Officials</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Officials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Protective_gear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Protective_gear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Protective gear</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Protective_gear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goaltenders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goaltenders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Goaltenders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goaltenders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ice_skates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ice_skates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.3</span> <span>Ice skates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ice_skates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ice_hockey_stick" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ice_hockey_stick"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.4</span> <span>Ice hockey stick</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ice_hockey_stick-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Injury" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Injury"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Injury</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Injury-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Tactics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tactics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tactics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Defensive_tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defensive_tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Defensive tactics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defensive_tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Checking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Checking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Checking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Checking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offensive_tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offensive_tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Offensive tactics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offensive_tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Fights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women's_ice_hockey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women's_ice_hockey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Women's ice hockey</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Women's_ice_hockey-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Women's ice hockey subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Women's_ice_hockey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women's_World_Championship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women's_World_Championship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Women's World Championship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Women's_World_Championship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equipment_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Body_checking" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Body_checking"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Body checking</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Body_checking-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leagues_and_championships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leagues_and_championships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Leagues and championships</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leagues_and_championships-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Leagues and championships subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Leagues_and_championships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Club_competition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Club_competition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Club competition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Club_competition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eurasia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eurasia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>Eurasia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eurasia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.4</span> <span>Other regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_team_competitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_team_competitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>National team competitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_team_competitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attendance_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attendance_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Attendance records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attendance_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>International status</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_status-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International status subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Number_of_registered_players_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Number_of_registered_players_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Number of registered players by country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Number_of_registered_players_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pond_hockey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pond_hockey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Pond hockey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pond_hockey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sledge_hockey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sledge_hockey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Sledge hockey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sledge_hockey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ice hockey</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 97 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yshokkie" title="Yshokkie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Yshokkie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="هوكي الجليد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هوكي الجليد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_sobre_chelo" title="Hockey sobre chelo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Hockey sobre chelo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A4oquei_sobre_xelu" title="Ḥoquei sobre xelu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ḥoquei sobre xelu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buz%C3%BCst%C3%BC_hokkey" title="Buzüstü hokkey – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Buzüstü hokkey" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88_%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="بوزاوستو هاکی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بوزاوستو هاکی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF" title="আইস হকি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আইস হকি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peng-ki%C3%BB" title="Peng-kiû – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Peng-kiû" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Шайбалы хоккей – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Шайбалы хоккей" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B7_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Хакей з шайбай – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хакей з шайбай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%B7_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Хакей з шайбай – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хакей з шайбай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Хокей на лед – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хокей на лед" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eishockey" title="Eishockey – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Eishockey" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokej_na_ledu" title="Hokej na ledu – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hokej na ledu" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoquei_sobre_gel" title="Hoquei sobre gel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hoquei sobre gel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Шайбăллă хоккей – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шайбăллă хоккей" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledn%C3%AD_hokej" title="Lední hokej – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lední hokej" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoci_i%C3%A2" title="Hoci iâ – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hoci iâ" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishockey" title="Ishockey – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ishockey" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eishockey" title="Eishockey – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eishockey" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4%C3%A4hoki" title="Jäähoki – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jäähoki" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%8A_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%AF_%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Χόκεϊ επί πάγου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χόκεϊ επί πάγου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_sobre_hielo" title="Hockey sobre hielo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hockey sobre hielo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glacihokeo" title="Glacihokeo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Glacihokeo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izotz_hockey" title="Izotz hockey – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Izotz hockey" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%DB%8C%D8%AE" title="هاکی روی یخ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هاکی روی یخ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Ice hockey" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dshockey" title="Íshockey – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Íshockey" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_sur_glace" title="Hockey sur glace – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hockey sur glace" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iishockey" title="Iishockey – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Iishockey" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3ckey_sobre_xeo" title="Hóckey sobre xeo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hóckey sobre xeo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%ED%95%98%ED%82%A4" title="아이스하키 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아이스하키" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D6%83%D6%85%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BE_%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%AF%D5%A5%D5%B5" title="Տափօղակով հոկեյ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տափօղակով հոկեյ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="आइस हॉकी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आइस हॉकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokej_na_ledu" title="Hokej na ledu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hokej na ledu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokeo_sur_glacio" title="Hokeo sur glacio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hokeo sur glacio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoki_es" title="Hoki es – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hoki es" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_super_glacie" title="Hockey super glacie – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Hockey super glacie" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_sur_glacie" title="Hockey sur glacie – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Hockey sur glacie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dshokk%C3%AD" title="Íshokkí – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Íshokkí" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_su_ghiaccio" title="Hockey su ghiaccio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hockey su ghiaccio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%97" title="הוקי קרח – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הוקי קרח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1ki_king_yelu" title="Háki king yelu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Háki king yelu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%98" title="ყინულის ჰოკეი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყინულის ჰოკეი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Шайбалы хоккей – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шайбалы хоккей" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokiya_ser_cemed%C3%AA" title="Hokiya ser cemedê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hokiya ser cemedê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_sun_dlacia" title="Hockey sun dlacia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Hockey sun dlacia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alsulegia_glacialis" title="Alsulegia glacialis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alsulegia glacialis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokejs" title="Hokejs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hokejs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84ishockey" title="Äishockey – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Äishockey" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ledo_ritulys" title="Ledo ritulys – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ledo ritulys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieshockey" title="Ieshockey – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ieshockey" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9gkorong" title="Jégkorong – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jégkorong" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%98_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="Хокеј на мраз – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хокеј на мраз" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%90%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF" title="ഐസ് ഹോക്കി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഐസ് ഹോക്കി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="आइस हॉकी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आइस हॉकी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%83%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="هوكى الجليد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هوكى الجليد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoki_ais" title="Hoki ais – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hoki ais" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A4%C3%B3quei_ne_l_carambelo" title="Ḥóquei ne l carambelo – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Ḥóquei ne l carambelo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJshockey" title="IJshockey – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="IJshockey" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="आइस हकी – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="आइस हकी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9B%E3%83%83%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC" title="アイスホッケー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アイスホッケー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishockey" title="Ishockey – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ishockey" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishockey" title="Ishockey – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ishockey" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oquei_sus_gla%C3%A7" title="Oquei sus glaç – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Oquei sus glaç" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Шайбан хоккей – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шайбан хоккей" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84_%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%8A" title="کنگل هاکي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کنگل هاکي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokej_na_lodzie" title="Hokej na lodzie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hokej na lodzie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3quei_no_gelo" title="Hóquei no gelo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hóquei no gelo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochei_pe_ghea%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Hochei pe gheață – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hochei pe gheață" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%81_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Хоккей с шайбой – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хоккей с шайбой" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%83%D1%81_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Муус хоккей – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Муус хоккей" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Hockey" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ice hockey" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%93" title="අයිස් හොකී – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අයිස් හොකී" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ice hockey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%BDadov%C3%BD_hokej" title="Ľadový hokej – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ľadový hokej" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokej_na_ledu" title="Hokej na ledu – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hokej na ledu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajshokej" title="Ajshokej – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ajshokej" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%98_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Хокеј на леду – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хокеј на леду" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokej_na_ledu" title="Hokej na ledu – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hokej na ledu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4%C3%A4kiekko" title="Jääkiekko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jääkiekko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishockey" title="Ishockey – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ishockey" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பனி வளைதடியாட்டம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பனி வளைதடியாட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Алкалы хоккей – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Алкалы хоккей" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87" title="ฮอกกี้น้ำแข็ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฮอกกี้น้ำแข็ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buz_hokeyi" title="Buz hokeyi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Buz hokeyi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D1%96%D0%B7_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%8E" title="Хокей із шайбою – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хокей із шайбою" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A6%D8%B3_%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="آئس ہاکی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آئس ہاکی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%BAc_c%C3%B4n_c%E1%BA%A7u_tr%C3%AAn_b%C4%83ng" title="Khúc côn cầu trên băng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khúc côn cầu trên băng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ice hockey" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E7%90%83" title="冰球 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="冰球" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99" title="אייז האקי – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אייז האקי" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E7%90%83" title="冰球 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="冰球" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokey%C3%AA_cemedi" title="Hokeyê cemedi – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hokeyê cemedi" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a 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For the overall family of sports involving sticks and goals, see <a href="/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey">Hockey</a>. For the sport played on fields and using a hockeyball, see <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Field hockey</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ice hockey (disambiguation)">Ice hockey (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ice_hockey" title="Special:EditPage/Ice hockey">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Ice+hockey%22">"Ice hockey"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Ice+hockey%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Ice+hockey%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Ice+hockey%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Ice+hockey%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Ice+hockey%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Ice hockey</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pittsburgh_Penguins,_Washington_Capitals,_Bryan_Rust_(33744033514).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Pittsburgh_Penguins%2C_Washington_Capitals%2C_Bryan_Rust_%2833744033514%29.jpg/220px-Pittsburgh_Penguins%2C_Washington_Capitals%2C_Bryan_Rust_%2833744033514%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Pittsburgh_Penguins%2C_Washington_Capitals%2C_Bryan_Rust_%2833744033514%29.jpg/330px-Pittsburgh_Penguins%2C_Washington_Capitals%2C_Bryan_Rust_%2833744033514%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Pittsburgh_Penguins%2C_Washington_Capitals%2C_Bryan_Rust_%2833744033514%29.jpg/440px-Pittsburgh_Penguins%2C_Washington_Capitals%2C_Bryan_Rust_%2833744033514%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4203" data-file-height="3042" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">An ice hockey <a href="/wiki/Forward_(ice_hockey)" title="Forward (ice hockey)">forward</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bryan_Rust" title="Bryan Rust">Bryan Rust</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins" title="Pittsburgh Penguins">Pittsburgh Penguins</a>) shoots toward a net defended by a <a href="/wiki/Goaltender" title="Goaltender">goaltender</a> (<a href="/wiki/Braden_Holtby" title="Braden Holtby">Braden Holtby</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Capitals" title="Washington Capitals">Washington Capitals</a>).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Highest <a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">governing body</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">International Ice Hockey Federation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">First played</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1875<span class="noprint">; 149 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1875</span>)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Quebec, Canada</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Contact</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Men's – <a href="/wiki/Full-contact" class="mw-redirect" title="Full-contact">Full</a></li> <li>Women's – <a href="/wiki/Contact_sport#Limited-contact" title="Contact sport">Limited</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Team members</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>3 forwards</li> <li>2 defencemen</li> <li>1 goaltender</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Mixed-sex_sports" title="Mixed-sex sports">Mixed-sex</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winter_sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter sport">Winter</a> <a href="/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">team sport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Equipment</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Ice hockey <a href="/wiki/Hockey_puck" title="Hockey puck">pucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_stick" title="Ice hockey stick">Ice hockey sticks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_skates#ice_hockey_skates" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice skates">Ice hockey skates</a></li> <li>Shin pads</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoulder_pads_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoulder pads (sport)">Shoulder pads</a></li> <li>Gloves</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmet" title="Helmet">Helmet</a> (with visor or cage, depending on age of player and league)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbow_pads" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbow pads">Elbow pads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jock_strap" class="mw-redirect" title="Jock strap">jock</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pelvic_protector" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelvic protector">jill</a></li> <li>Ice <a href="/wiki/Hockey_jersey" title="Hockey jersey">hockey jersey</a></li> <li>Ice <a href="/wiki/Hockey_socks" class="mw-redirect" title="Hockey socks">hockey socks</a></li> <li>Ice <a href="/wiki/Hockey_pants" title="Hockey pants">hockey pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neck_guard" title="Neck guard">Neck guard</a> (depends on league)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouthguard" title="Mouthguard">Mouthguard</a> (depends on league)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Venue</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_rink" title="Ice hockey rink">Hockey rink</a> or <a href="/wiki/Arena" title="Arena">arena</a></li> <li>Sometimes played on a frozen lake or pond for recreation</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Presence</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><b>Men's</b>, <a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920 Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><b>Men's</b>, <a href="/wiki/1924_Winter_Olympics" title="1924 Winter Olympics">1924 Winter Olympics</a> to present</li> <li><b>Women's</b>, <a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Winter Olympics</a> to present</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_Games" title="Paralympic Games">Paralympic</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Sledge_hockey" title="Sledge hockey">Yes</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ice hockey</b> (or simply <b>hockey</b> in North America) is a <a href="/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">team sport</a> played on <a href="/wiki/Ice_skates" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice skates">ice skates</a>, usually on an <a href="/wiki/Ice_rink" title="Ice rink">ice skating rink</a> with <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_rink" title="Ice hockey rink">lines and markings</a> specific to the sport. It belongs to a family of sports called <a href="/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey">hockey</a>. Two opposing teams use <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_stick" title="Ice hockey stick">ice hockey sticks</a> to control, advance, and <a href="/wiki/Shot_(ice_hockey)" title="Shot (ice hockey)">shoot</a> a <a href="/wiki/Vulcanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulcanized">vulcanized</a> rubber <a href="/wiki/Hockey_puck" title="Hockey puck">hockey puck</a> into the other team's net. Each <a href="/wiki/Goal_(ice_hockey)" title="Goal (ice hockey)">goal</a> is worth one point. The team with the highest score after an hour of playing time is declared the winner; ties are broken in <a href="/wiki/Overtime_(ice_hockey)" title="Overtime (ice hockey)">overtime</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Shootout_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shootout (ice hockey)">shootout</a>. In a formal game, each team has six <a href="/wiki/Ice_skating" title="Ice skating">skaters</a> on the ice at a time, barring any penalties, including a <a href="/wiki/Goaltender" title="Goaltender">goaltender</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Contact_sport#Grades" title="Contact sport">full contact</a> game and one of the more physically demanding team sports.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The modern sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/First_indoor_ice_hockey_game" title="First indoor ice hockey game">first indoor game</a> was played on March 3, 1875. Some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey leagues began in the 1880s, and <a href="/wiki/Professional_ice_hockey" title="Professional ice hockey">professional ice hockey</a> originated around 1900. The <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a>, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was initially commissioned in 1892 as the "Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup" and was first awarded in 1893 to recognise the Canadian amateur champion and later became the championship trophy of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL). In the early 1900s, the Canadian rules were adopted by the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr">Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace</span></span>, in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France, the precursor to the <a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">International Ice Hockey Federation</a> (IIHF). The sport was played for the first time at the <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Ice hockey at the Olympic Games">Olympics</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920 Summer Games</a>—today it is a mainstay at the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter Olympics</a>. In 1994, ice hockey was officially recognized as Canada's national winter sport.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> While women also played during the game's early formative years, it was not until organizers began to officially remove <a href="/wiki/Checking_(ice_hockey)" title="Checking (ice hockey)">body checking</a> from female ice hockey beginning in the mid-1980s that it began to gain greater popularity, which by then had spread to Europe and a variety of other countries. The <a href="/wiki/1990_IIHF_Women%27s_World_Championship" title="1990 IIHF Women's World Championship">first IIHF Women's World Championship</a> was held in 1990, and women's play was introduced into the Olympics in <a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998</a>. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style></p><div class="toclimit-3"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_ice_hockey" title="History of ice hockey">History of ice hockey</a></div> <p>Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th centuries in Britain, Ireland, and elsewhere, primarily <a href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">bandy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">hurling</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shinty" title="Shinty">shinty</a>. The North American sport of <a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">lacrosse</a>, derived from tribal Native American games, was also influential. The former games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules developed, such as shinny and ice polo, but later were absorbed into a new organized game with codified rules which today is ice hockey. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Game">Game</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Game"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Icehockeylayout.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="rectangle with markers for goal nets, faceoff positions, and lines for rules purposes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Icehockeylayout.svg/220px-Icehockeylayout.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Icehockeylayout.svg/330px-Icehockeylayout.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Icehockeylayout.svg/440px-Icehockeylayout.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="348" /></a><figcaption>Traditional layout of an ice hockey rink surface.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NHLRink.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/NHLRink.svg/220px-NHLRink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/NHLRink.svg/330px-NHLRink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/NHLRink.svg/440px-NHLRink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption>An NHL ice hockey rink. It includes a trapezoid behind the goal line and a blue painted area in front of the goal. The blue lines are also closer together than they are on a traditional rink.</figcaption></figure> <p>While the general characteristics of the game remain constant, the exact rules depend on the particular <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_rules" title="Ice hockey rules">code of play</a> being used. The two most important codes are those of the IIHF and the NHL.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both of these codes, and others, originated from Canadian rules of ice hockey of the early 20th century. </p><p>Ice hockey is played on a <i><a href="/wiki/Hockey_rink" class="mw-redirect" title="Hockey rink">hockey rink</a></i>. During normal play, there are six players on ice skates on the ice per side, one of them being the goaltender. The objective of the game is to score <i><a href="/wiki/Goal_(ice_hockey)" title="Goal (ice hockey)">goals</a></i> by shooting a hard <a href="/wiki/Vulcanization" title="Vulcanization">vulcanized</a> rubber disc, the <i><a href="/wiki/Hockey_puck" title="Hockey puck">puck</a></i>, into the opponent's goal net at the opposite end of the rink. The players use their sticks to pass or shoot the puck. </p><p>With certain restrictions, players may redirect the puck with any part of their body. Players may not hold the puck in their hand and are prohibited from using their hands to pass the puck to their teammates unless they are in the defensive zone. Players can knock a puck out of the air with their hands to themselves. Players are prohibited from kicking the puck into the opponent's goal, though unintentional redirections off the skate are permitted. Players may not intentionally bat the puck into the net with their hands. </p><p>Hockey is an <a href="/wiki/Offside_(ice_hockey)" title="Offside (ice hockey)">off-side</a> game, meaning that forward passes are allowed, unlike in rugby. Before the 1930s, hockey was an on-side game, meaning that only backward passes were allowed. Those rules emphasized individual stick-handling to drive the puck forward. With the arrival of offside rules, the forward pass transformed hockey into a true team sport, where individual performance diminished in importance relative to team play, which could now be coordinated over the entire surface of the ice as opposed to merely rearward players.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDryden2005246_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDryden2005246-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Military_appreciation_night_South_Carolina_Stingrays.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Military_appreciation_night_South_Carolina_Stingrays.jpg/220px-Military_appreciation_night_South_Carolina_Stingrays.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Military_appreciation_night_South_Carolina_Stingrays.jpg/330px-Military_appreciation_night_South_Carolina_Stingrays.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Military_appreciation_night_South_Carolina_Stingrays.jpg/440px-Military_appreciation_night_South_Carolina_Stingrays.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3234" data-file-height="1835" /></a><figcaption>Players from the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Stingrays" title="South Carolina Stingrays">South Carolina Stingrays</a> perform a line change. A line change is a substitution of an entire <a href="/wiki/Line_(ice_hockey)" title="Line (ice hockey)">line</a> at once.</figcaption></figure> <p>The six players on each team are typically divided into three forwards, two defencemen, and one goaltender. The term <i>skaters</i> typically applies to all players except goaltenders. The <i><a href="/wiki/Forward_(ice_hockey)" title="Forward (ice hockey)">forward</a></i> positions consist of a <i><a href="/wiki/Center_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Center (ice hockey)">centre</a></i> and two <i><a href="/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)" title="Winger (ice hockey)">wingers</a></i>: a <i>left wing</i> and a <i>right wing</i>. Forwards often play together as units or <i>lines</i>, with the same three forwards always playing together. The <i><a href="/wiki/Defenceman" title="Defenceman">defencemen</a></i> usually stay together as a pair generally divided between left and right. Left and right side wingers or defencemen are generally positioned on the side on which they carry their stick. A <a href="/wiki/Substitution_(sport)" title="Substitution (sport)">substitution</a> of an entire unit at once is called a <i>line change</i>. Teams typically employ alternate sets of forward lines and defensive pairings when <i><a href="/wiki/Short-handed" title="Short-handed">short-handed</a></i> or on a <i><a href="/wiki/Power_play_(sporting_term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Power play (sporting term)">power play</a></i>. The goaltender stands in a, usually blue, semi-circle called the <i>crease</i> in the defensive zone keeping pucks out of the goal. Substitutions are permitted at any time during the game, although during a stoppage of play the home team is permitted the final change. When players are substituted during play, it is called changing <i>on the fly</i>. An NHL rule added in the 2005–06 season prevents a team from changing their line after they <i><a href="/wiki/Icing_(ice_hockey)" title="Icing (ice hockey)">ice</a></i> the puck. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Senators_@_Capitals_(January_22,_2022)_(51847467923).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Senators_%40_Capitals_%28January_22%2C_2022%29_%2851847467923%29.jpg/220px-Senators_%40_Capitals_%28January_22%2C_2022%29_%2851847467923%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Senators_%40_Capitals_%28January_22%2C_2022%29_%2851847467923%29.jpg/330px-Senators_%40_Capitals_%28January_22%2C_2022%29_%2851847467923%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Senators_%40_Capitals_%28January_22%2C_2022%29_%2851847467923%29.jpg/440px-Senators_%40_Capitals_%28January_22%2C_2022%29_%2851847467923%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5459" data-file-height="3641" /></a><figcaption>A player <a href="/wiki/Checking_(ice_hockey)" title="Checking (ice hockey)">checks</a> an opposing skater into the board that surrounds the ice.</figcaption></figure> <p>The boards surrounding the ice help keep the puck in play and they can also be used as tools to play the puck. Players are permitted to <a href="/wiki/Bodycheck" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodycheck">bodycheck</a> opponents into the boards to stop progress. The referees, linesmen and the outsides of the goal are "in play" and do not stop the game when the puck or players either bounce into or collide with them. Play can be stopped if the goal is knocked out of position. Play often proceeds for minutes without interruption. After a stoppage, play is restarted with a <a href="/wiki/Faceoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Faceoff">faceoff</a>. Two players face each other and an official drops the puck to the ice, where the two players attempt to gain control of the puck. Markings (circles) on the ice indicate the locations for the faceoff and guide the positioning of players. </p><p>Three major rules of play in ice hockey limit the movement of the puck: <i>offside</i>, <i>icing</i>, and the puck going out of play. </p> <ul><li>A player is offside if he enters his <a href="/wiki/Hockey_rink#Zones" class="mw-redirect" title="Hockey rink">opponent's zone</a> before the puck itself.</li> <li>Under many situations, a player may not "ice the puck", which means shooting the puck all the way across both the centre line and the opponent's goal line.</li> <li>The puck goes out of play whenever it goes past the perimeter of the ice rink (onto the player benches, over the <a href="/wiki/Plexiglas" class="mw-redirect" title="Plexiglas">glass</a>, or onto the protective netting above the glass) and a stoppage of play is called by the officials using whistles. It does not matter if the puck comes back onto the ice surface from outside of the rink, because the puck is considered dead once it leaves the perimeter of the rink. The referee may also blow the whistle for a stoppage in play if the puck is jammed along the boards when two or more players are battling for the puck for a long time, or if the puck is stuck on the back of any of the two nets for a period of time.</li></ul> <p>Under IIHF rules, each team may carry a maximum of 20 players and two goaltenders on their roster. NHL rules restrict the total number of players per game to 18, plus two goaltenders. In the NHL, the players are usually divided into four lines of three forwards, and into three pairs of defencemen. On occasion, teams may elect to substitute an extra defenceman for a forward. The seventh defenceman may play as a substitute defenceman, spend the game on the bench, or if a team chooses to play four lines then this seventh defenceman may see ice-time on the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth line">fourth line</a> as a forward. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Periods_and_overtime">Periods and overtime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Periods and overtime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A professional ice hockey game consists of three periods of twenty minutes, the clock running only when the puck is in play. The teams change ends after each period of play, including overtime. Recreational leagues and children's leagues often play shorter games, generally with three shorter periods of play. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Hockey_League_ERI_5695_(5528600480).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/American_Hockey_League_ERI_5695_%285528600480%29.jpg/220px-American_Hockey_League_ERI_5695_%285528600480%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/American_Hockey_League_ERI_5695_%285528600480%29.jpg/330px-American_Hockey_League_ERI_5695_%285528600480%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/American_Hockey_League_ERI_5695_%285528600480%29.jpg/440px-American_Hockey_League_ERI_5695_%285528600480%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1101" /></a><figcaption>Scoreboard for a hockey game during the fourth period. If a game is tied at the end of the third period, several leagues and tournaments have teams play additional <a href="/wiki/Sudden_death_(sport)" title="Sudden death (sport)">sudden death</a> overtime periods.</figcaption></figure> <p>If a tie occurs in tournament play, as well as in the NHL playoffs, North Americans favour <i>sudden death <a href="/wiki/Overtime_(ice_hockey)" title="Overtime (ice hockey)">overtime</a></i>, in which the teams continue to play twenty-minute periods until a goal is scored. Up until the 1999–2000 season, regular-season NHL games were settled with a single five-minute sudden death period with five players (plus a goalie) per side, with both teams awarded one point in the standings in the event of a tie. With a goal, the winning team would be awarded two points and the losing team none (just as if they had lost in regulation). The total elapsed time from when the puck first drops, is about 2 hours and 20 minutes for a 60-minute game. </p><p>From the 1999–2000 until the 2003–04 seasons, the National Hockey League decided ties by playing a single five-minute sudden-death overtime period with each team having four skaters per side (plus the goalie). In the event of a tie, each team would still receive one point in the standings but in the event of a victory the winning team would be awarded two points in the standings and the losing team one point. The idea was to discourage teams from playing for a tie, since previously some teams might have preferred a tie and 1 point to risking a loss and zero points. The exception to this rule is if a team opts to pull their goalie in exchange for an extra skater during overtime and is subsequently scored upon (an <i>empty net</i> goal), in which case the losing team receives no points for the overtime loss. Since the 2015–16 season, the single five-minute sudden-death overtime session involves three skaters on each side. Since three skaters must always be on the ice in an NHL game, the consequences of penalties are slightly different from those during regulation play; any penalty during overtime that would result in a team losing a skater during regulation instead causes the other side to add a skater. Once the penalized team's penalty ends, the penalized skater exits the penalty box and the teams continue at 4-on-4 until the next stoppage of play, at which point the teams return to three skaters per side.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peter_Mueller_shootout_goal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Peter_Mueller_shootout_goal.jpg/220px-Peter_Mueller_shootout_goal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Peter_Mueller_shootout_goal.jpg/330px-Peter_Mueller_shootout_goal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Peter_Mueller_shootout_goal.jpg/440px-Peter_Mueller_shootout_goal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Several leagues and tournaments have implemented the <a href="/wiki/Shootout_(hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shootout (hockey)">shootout</a> as a means to determine a winner, if the game remains tied after an extra overtime period.</figcaption></figure> <p>International play and several North American professional leagues, including the NHL (in the regular season), now use an overtime period identical to that from 1999–2000 to 2003–04 followed by a <a href="/wiki/Shootout_(hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shootout (hockey)">penalty shootout</a>. If the score remains tied after an extra overtime period, the subsequent shootout consists of three players from each team taking penalty shots. After these six total shots, the team with the most goals is awarded the victory. If the score is still tied, the shootout then proceeds to <i><a href="/wiki/Sudden_death_(sport)" title="Sudden death (sport)">sudden death</a></i>. Regardless of the number of goals scored by either team during the shootout, the final score recorded will award the winning team one more goal than the score at the end of regulation time. In the NHL if a game is decided in overtime or by a shootout the winning team is awarded two points in the standings and the losing team is awarded one point. Ties no longer occur in the NHL. </p><p>Overtime in the NHL playoffs differs from the regular season. In the playoffs there are no shootouts. If a game is tied after regulation, then a 20-minute period of 5-on-5 sudden-death overtime will be added. If the game is still tied after the overtime, another period is added until a team scores, which wins the match. Since 2019, the IIHF World Championships and the gold medal game in the Olympics use the same format, but in a 3-on-3 format. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Penalties">Penalties</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Penalties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Penalty_(ice_hockey)" title="Penalty (ice hockey)">Penalty (ice hockey)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Meckler_enters_the_penalty_box.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/David_Meckler_enters_the_penalty_box.jpg/220px-David_Meckler_enters_the_penalty_box.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/David_Meckler_enters_the_penalty_box.jpg/330px-David_Meckler_enters_the_penalty_box.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/David_Meckler_enters_the_penalty_box.jpg/440px-David_Meckler_enters_the_penalty_box.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>An ice hockey player enters the penalty box. Players may be sent to the <a href="/wiki/Penalty_box" title="Penalty box">penalty box</a> for rule infractions, forcing their team to play with one less player for a specified time.</figcaption></figure> <p>In ice hockey, infractions of the rules lead to a play stoppage whereby the play is restarted at a faceoff. Some infractions result in a <i>penalty</i> on a player or team. In the simplest case, the offending player is sent to the <i><a href="/wiki/Penalty_box" title="Penalty box">penalty box</a></i> and their team must play with one less player on the ice for a designated time. <i>Minor</i> penalties last for two minutes, <i>major</i> penalties last for five minutes, and a <i>double minor</i> penalty is two <i>consecutive</i> penalties of two minutes duration. A single minor penalty may be extended by two minutes for causing visible injury to the victimized player. This is usually when blood is drawn during high sticking. Players may be also assessed personal extended penalties or game expulsions for misconduct in addition to the penalty or penalties their team must serve. The team that has been given a penalty is said to be playing <i>short-handed</i> while the opposing team is on a <i><a href="/wiki/Power_play_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Power play (sport)">power play</a></i>. </p><p>A two-minute minor penalty is often charged for lesser infractions such as <a href="/wiki/Tripping_(ice_hockey)" title="Tripping (ice hockey)">tripping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elbow_(strike)" title="Elbow (strike)">elbowing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roughing" title="Roughing">roughing</a>, <a href="/wiki/High-sticking" title="High-sticking">high-sticking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delay_of_game" title="Delay of game">delay of the game</a>, <a href="/wiki/Too_many_men" title="Too many men">too many players on the ice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boarding_(ice_hockey)" title="Boarding (ice hockey)">boarding</a>, illegal equipment, <a href="/wiki/Charging_(ice_hockey)" title="Charging (ice hockey)">charging</a> (leaping into an opponent or body-checking him after taking more than two strides), holding, holding the stick (grabbing an opponent's stick), interference, <a href="/wiki/Hooking_(ice_hockey)" title="Hooking (ice hockey)">hooking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slashing_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slashing (ice hockey)">slashing</a>, kneeing, unsportsmanlike conduct (arguing a penalty call with referee, extremely vulgar or inappropriate verbal comments), "butt-ending" (striking an opponent with the knob of the stick), "spearing" (jabbing an opponent with the blade of the stick), or <a href="/wiki/Cross-checking" title="Cross-checking">cross-checking</a>. As of the 2005–2006 season, a minor penalty is also assessed for <a href="/wiki/Diving_(ice_hockey)" title="Diving (ice hockey)">diving</a>, where a player embellishes or simulates an offence. More egregious fouls may be penalized by a four-minute double-minor penalty, particularly those that injure the victimized player. These penalties end either when the time runs out or when the other team scores during the power play. In the case of a goal scored during the first two minutes of a double-minor, the penalty clock is set down to two minutes upon a score, effectively expiring the first minor penalty. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:338px;max-width:338px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:200px;max-width:200px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crosscheck2535_9045253945_l_(39591689064).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Crosscheck2535_9045253945_l_%2839591689064%29.jpg/198px-Crosscheck2535_9045253945_l_%2839591689064%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="198" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Crosscheck2535_9045253945_l_%2839591689064%29.jpg/297px-Crosscheck2535_9045253945_l_%2839591689064%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Crosscheck2535_9045253945_l_%2839591689064%29.jpg/396px-Crosscheck2535_9045253945_l_%2839591689064%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A skater <a href="/wiki/Cross-checking" title="Cross-checking">cross-checking</a> his opponent, <a href="/wiki/Checking_(ice_hockey)" title="Checking (ice hockey)">checking</a> him with the shaft of his stick with two hands.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Joel_Larsson_and_Davis_Dryden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Joel_Larsson_and_Davis_Dryden.jpg/132px-Joel_Larsson_and_Davis_Dryden.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Joel_Larsson_and_Davis_Dryden.jpg/198px-Joel_Larsson_and_Davis_Dryden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Joel_Larsson_and_Davis_Dryden.jpg/264px-Joel_Larsson_and_Davis_Dryden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3139" data-file-height="3139" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">A skater <a href="/wiki/Hooking_(ice_hockey)" title="Hooking (ice hockey)">hooking</a> his opponent, using his stick to restrain him.</div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">These are examples of rule infractions in the sport; a penalty may be assessed against the players committing them.</div></div></div></div> <p>Five-minute major penalties are called for especially violent instances of most minor infractions that result in intentional injury to an opponent, or when a minor penalty results in visible injury (such as bleeding), as well as for fighting. Major penalties are always served in full; they do not terminate on a goal scored by the other team. Major penalties assessed for fighting are typically offsetting, meaning neither team is short-handed and the players exit the penalty box upon a stoppage of play following the expiration of their respective penalties. The foul of boarding (defined as "check[ing] an opponent in such a manner that causes the opponent to be thrown violently in the boards")<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is penalized either by a minor or major penalty at the discretion of the referee, based on the violent state of the hit. A minor or major penalty for boarding is often assessed when a player checks an opponent from behind and into the boards. </p><p>Some varieties of penalty do not require the offending team to play a man short. Concurrent five-minute major penalties in the NHL usually result from fighting. In the case of two players being assessed five-minute fighting majors, both the players serve five minutes without their team incurring a loss of player (both teams still have a full complement of players on the ice). This differs with two players from opposing sides getting minor penalties, at the same time or at any intersecting moment, resulting from more common infractions. In this case, both teams will have only four skating players (not counting the goaltender) until one or both penalties expire (if one penalty expires before the other, the opposing team gets a power play for the remainder of the time); this applies regardless of current pending penalties. In the NHL, a team always has at least three skaters on the ice. Thus, ten-minute <i>misconduct</i> penalties are served in full by the penalized player, but his team may immediately substitute another player on the ice <i>unless</i> a minor or major penalty is assessed in conjunction with the misconduct (a <i>two-and-ten</i> or <i>five-and-ten</i>). In this case, the team designates another player to serve the minor or major; both players go to the penalty box, but only the designee may not be replaced, and he is released upon the expiration of the two or five minutes, at which point the ten-minute misconduct begins. In addition, <i>game misconducts</i> are assessed for deliberate intent to inflict severe injury on an opponent (at the officials' discretion), or for a major penalty for a stick infraction or repeated major penalties. The offending player is ejected from the game and must immediately leave the playing surface (he does not sit in the penalty box); meanwhile, if an additional minor or major penalty is assessed, a designated player must serve out of that segment of the penalty in the box (similar to the above-mentioned "two-and-ten"). In some rare cases, a player may receive up to nineteen minutes in penalties for one string of plays. This could involve receiving a four-minute double-minor penalty, getting in a fight with an opposing player who retaliates, and then receiving a game misconduct after the fight. In this case, the player is ejected and two teammates must serve the double-minor and major penalties. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mike_Condon_%26_Ondrej_Palat.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mike_Condon_%26_Ondrej_Palat.png/220px-Mike_Condon_%26_Ondrej_Palat.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mike_Condon_%26_Ondrej_Palat.png/330px-Mike_Condon_%26_Ondrej_Palat.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mike_Condon_%26_Ondrej_Palat.png/440px-Mike_Condon_%26_Ondrej_Palat.png 2x" data-file-width="1054" data-file-height="621" /></a><figcaption>A skater taking a <a href="/wiki/Penalty_shot_(ice_hockey)" title="Penalty shot (ice hockey)">penalty shot</a>, with a referee in the background. A referee may award a player with a penalty shot if they assess an infraction stopped the player from a clear scoring opportunity.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Penalty_shot_(ice_hockey)" title="Penalty shot (ice hockey)">penalty shot</a> is awarded to a player when the illegal actions of another player stop a clear scoring opportunity, most commonly when the player is on a <a href="/wiki/Breakaway_(ice_hockey)" title="Breakaway (ice hockey)">breakaway</a>. A penalty shot allows the obstructed player to pick up the puck on the centre red-line and attempt to score on the goalie with no other players on the ice, to compensate for the earlier missed scoring opportunity. A penalty shot is also awarded for a defender other than the goaltender covering the puck in the goal crease, a goaltender intentionally displacing his own goal posts during a breakaway to avoid a goal, a defender intentionally displacing his own goal posts when there is less than two minutes to play in regulation time or at any point during overtime, or a player or coach intentionally throwing a stick or other object at the puck or the puck carrier and the throwing action disrupts a shot or pass play. </p><p>Officials also stop play for puck movement violations, such as using one's hands to pass the puck in the offensive end, but no players are penalized for these offences. The sole exceptions are deliberately falling on or gathering the puck to the body, carrying the puck in the hand, and shooting the puck out of play in one's defensive zone (all penalized two minutes for delay of game). </p><p>In the NHL, a unique penalty applies to the goalies. The goalies now are forbidden to play the puck in the "corners" of the rink near their own net. This will result in a two-minute penalty against the goalie's team. Only in the area in front of the goal line and immediately behind the net (marked by two red lines on either side of the net) can the goalie play the puck. </p><p>An additional rule that has never been a penalty, but was an infraction in the NHL before recent rules changes, is the <a href="/wiki/Two-line_pass" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-line pass">two-line offside pass</a>. Prior to the 2005–06 NHL season, play was stopped when a pass from inside a team's defending zone crossed the centre line, with a face-off held in the defending zone of the offending team. Now, the centre line is no longer used in the NHL to determine a two-line pass infraction, a change that the IIHF had adopted in 1998. Players are now able to pass to teammates who are more than the blue and centre ice red line away. </p><p>The NHL has taken steps to speed up the game of hockey and create a game of finesse, by reducing the number of illegal hits, fights, and "clutching and grabbing" that occurred in the past. Rules are now more strictly enforced, resulting in more penalties, which provides more protection to the players and facilitates more goals being scored. The governing body for United States' amateur hockey has implemented many new rules to reduce the number of stick-on-body occurrences, as well as other detrimental and illegal facets of the game ("zero tolerance"). </p><p>In men's hockey, but not in women's, a player may use his hip or shoulder to hit another player if the player has the puck or is the last to have touched it. This use of the hip and shoulder is called <i><a href="/wiki/Checking_(ice_hockey)" title="Checking (ice hockey)">body checking</a></i>. Not all physical contact is legal—in particular, hits from behind, hits to the head and most types of forceful stick-on-body contact are illegal. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Second_Period_-_Hyman_on_delayed_penalty_(16646925966).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Second_Period_-_Hyman_on_delayed_penalty_%2816646925966%29.jpg/220px-Second_Period_-_Hyman_on_delayed_penalty_%2816646925966%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Second_Period_-_Hyman_on_delayed_penalty_%2816646925966%29.jpg/330px-Second_Period_-_Hyman_on_delayed_penalty_%2816646925966%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Second_Period_-_Hyman_on_delayed_penalty_%2816646925966%29.jpg/440px-Second_Period_-_Hyman_on_delayed_penalty_%2816646925966%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="877" /></a><figcaption>A referee calls a <i>delayed penalty</i>, which sees play continue until a goal is scored, or the opposing team regains control of the puck.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <i>delayed penalty call</i> occurs when an offence is committed by the team that does not have possession of the puck. In this circumstance the team with possession of the puck is allowed to complete the play; that is, play continues until a goal is scored, a player on the opposing team gains control of the puck, or the team in possession commits an infraction or penalty of their own. Because the team on which the penalty was called cannot control the puck without stopping play, it is impossible for them to score a goal. In these cases, the team in possession of the puck can pull the goalie for an extra attacker without fear of being scored on. It is possible for the controlling team to mishandle the puck into their own net. If a delayed penalty is signalled and the team in possession scores, the penalty is still assessed to the offending player, but not served. In 2012, this rule was changed by the United States' <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">National Collegiate Athletic Association</a> (NCAA) for <a href="/wiki/College_ice_hockey" title="College ice hockey">college level hockey</a>. In college games, the penalty is still enforced even if the team in possession scores.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Officials">Officials</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Officials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Official_(ice_hockey)" title="Official (ice hockey)">Official (ice hockey)</a></div> <p>A typical game of hockey is governed by two to four <i><a href="/wiki/Official_(ice_hockey)" title="Official (ice hockey)">officials</a></i> on the ice, charged with enforcing the rules of the game. There are typically two <i>linesmen</i> who are mainly responsible for calling "offside" and "<a href="/wiki/Icing_(ice_hockey)" title="Icing (ice hockey)">icing</a>" violations, breaking up fights, and conducting faceoffs,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and one or two <i>referees</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who call goals and all other penalties. Linesmen can report to the referee(s) that a penalty should be assessed against an offending player in some situations.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The restrictions on this practice vary depending on the governing rules. On-ice officials are assisted by off-ice officials who act as goal judges, time keepers, and official scorers. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Montreal_-_Burlington_3_decembre_2011_021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Montreal_-_Burlington_3_decembre_2011_021.jpg/220px-Montreal_-_Burlington_3_decembre_2011_021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Montreal_-_Burlington_3_decembre_2011_021.jpg/330px-Montreal_-_Burlington_3_decembre_2011_021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Montreal_-_Burlington_3_decembre_2011_021.jpg/440px-Montreal_-_Burlington_3_decembre_2011_021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2214" data-file-height="1689" /></a><figcaption>Officials working under a four-official system. Orange armbands are worn by the referees to distinguish them from the lineswomen.</figcaption></figure> <p>The most widespread system is the "three-man system", which uses one referee and two linesmen. A less commonly used system is the two referee and one linesman system. This system is close to the regular three-man system except for a few procedure changes. Beginning with the National Hockey League, a number of leagues have implemented the "four-official system", where an additional referee is added to aid in the calling of penalties normally difficult to assess by one referee. The system is used in every NHL game since 2001, at <a href="/wiki/Ice_Hockey_World_Championships" title="Ice Hockey World Championships">IIHF World Championships</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympics">Olympics</a> and in many professional and high-level amateur leagues in North America and Europe. </p><p>Officials are selected by the league they work for. Amateur hockey leagues use guidelines established by national organizing bodies as a basis for choosing their officiating staffs. In North America, the national organizing bodies <a href="/wiki/Hockey_Canada" title="Hockey Canada">Hockey Canada</a> and <a href="/wiki/USA_Hockey" title="USA Hockey">USA Hockey</a> approve officials according to their experience level as well as their ability to pass rules knowledge and skating ability tests. Hockey Canada has officiating levels I through VI.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> USA Hockey has officiating levels 1 through 4.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Equipment">Equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_equipment" title="Ice hockey equipment">Ice hockey equipment</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Protective_gear">Protective gear</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Protective gear"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hockey_equipment_rom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Hockey_equipment_rom.jpg/170px-Hockey_equipment_rom.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Hockey_equipment_rom.jpg/255px-Hockey_equipment_rom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Hockey_equipment_rom.jpg/340px-Hockey_equipment_rom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="1608" /></a><figcaption>Models with the protective equipment worn by ice hockey skaters, such as a helmet, shoulder pads, elbow pads, gloves, hockey pants, and shin guards.</figcaption></figure> <p>Since men's ice hockey is a full-contact sport, body checks are allowed so injuries are a common occurrence. Protective equipment is mandatory and is enforced in all competitive situations. This includes a helmet with either a visor or a full face mask, shoulder pads, elbow pads, mouth guard, protective gloves, heavily padded shorts (also known as hockey pants) or a girdle, <a href="/wiki/Athletic_cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Athletic cup">athletic cup</a> (also known as a jock, for males; and jill, for females), shin pads, skates, and (optionally) a neck protector. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Goaltenders">Goaltenders</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Goaltenders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_goaltending_equipment" title="Ice hockey goaltending equipment">Goaltenders</a> use different equipment. With hockey pucks approaching them at speeds of up to 100 mph (160 km/h) they must wear equipment with more protection. Goaltenders wear specialized goalie skates (these skates are built more for movement side to side rather than forwards and backwards), a jock or jill, large leg pads (there are size restrictions in certain leagues), blocking glove, catching glove, a chest protector, a goalie mask, and a large jersey. Goaltenders' equipment has continually become larger and larger, leading to fewer goals in each game and many official rule changes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ice_skates">Ice skates</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ice skates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ice_skates#Ice_hockey_skates" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice skates">Ice hockey skates</a> are optimized for physical acceleration, speed and manoeuvrability. This includes rapid starts, stops, turns, and changes in skating direction. In addition, they must be rigid and tough to protect the skater's feet from contact with other skaters, sticks, pucks, the boards, and the ice itself. Rigidity also improves the overall manoeuvrability of the skate. Blade length, thickness (width), and curvature (rocker/radius) (front to back) and radius of hollow (across the blade width) are quite different from speed or figure skates. Hockey players usually adjust these parameters based on their skill level, position, and body type. The blade width of most skates are about <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">8</span></span> inch (3.2 mm) thick. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ice_hockey_stick">Ice hockey stick</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ice hockey stick"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Each player other than the goaltender carries a stick consisting of a long, relatively wide, and slightly curved flat blade, attached to a shaft. The curve itself has a big impact on its performance. A deep curve allows for lifting the puck easier while a shallow curve allows for easier backhand shots. The flex of the stick also impacts the performance. Typically, a less flexible stick is meant for a stronger player since the player is looking for the right balanced flex that allows the stick to flex easily while still having a strong "whip-back" which sends the puck flying at high speeds. It is quite distinct from sticks in other sports games and most suited to hitting and controlling the flat puck. Its unique shape contributed to the early development of the game. </p><p>The goaltender carries a stick of a different design, with a larger blade and a wide, flat shaft. This stick is primarily intended to block shots, but the goaltender may use it to play the puck as well. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Injury"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Injury">Injury</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Injury"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ice hockey is a full-contact sport and carries a high risk of injury. Players are moving at speeds around approximately 20–30 mph (30–50 km/h) and much of the game revolves around the physical contact between the players. Skate blades, hockey sticks, shoulder contact, hip contact, and hockey pucks can all potentially cause injuries. <a href="/wiki/Lace_bite" title="Lace bite">Lace bite</a>, an irritation felt on the front of the foot or ankle, is a common ice hockey injury.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Injury,_Montreal_Canadiens_3,_Ottawa_Senators_4,_Centre_Bell,_Montreal,_Quebec_(29439896364).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Injury%2C_Montreal_Canadiens_3%2C_Ottawa_Senators_4%2C_Centre_Bell%2C_Montreal%2C_Quebec_%2829439896364%29.jpg/220px-Injury%2C_Montreal_Canadiens_3%2C_Ottawa_Senators_4%2C_Centre_Bell%2C_Montreal%2C_Quebec_%2829439896364%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Injury%2C_Montreal_Canadiens_3%2C_Ottawa_Senators_4%2C_Centre_Bell%2C_Montreal%2C_Quebec_%2829439896364%29.jpg/330px-Injury%2C_Montreal_Canadiens_3%2C_Ottawa_Senators_4%2C_Centre_Bell%2C_Montreal%2C_Quebec_%2829439896364%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Injury%2C_Montreal_Canadiens_3%2C_Ottawa_Senators_4%2C_Centre_Bell%2C_Montreal%2C_Quebec_%2829439896364%29.jpg/440px-Injury%2C_Montreal_Canadiens_3%2C_Ottawa_Senators_4%2C_Centre_Bell%2C_Montreal%2C_Quebec_%2829439896364%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>An injured skater being attended to after hitting the endboards. Because ice hockey is a full-contact sport, and involves players moving at high speeds, injuries can occur during play.</figcaption></figure> <p>Compared to athletes who play other sports, ice hockey players are at higher risk of <a href="/wiki/Overuse_injuries" class="mw-redirect" title="Overuse injuries">overuse injuries</a> and injuries caused by <a href="/wiki/Early_sports_specialization" title="Early sports specialization">early sports specialization</a> by teenagers.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Hughston Health Alert, prior to the widespread use of helmets and face cages, "Lacerations to the head, scalp, and face are the most frequent types of injury [in hockey]."<sup id="cite_ref-hughston.com_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hughston.com-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the leading causes of head injury is body checking from behind. Due to the danger of delivering a check from behind, many leagues – including the NHL – have made this a major and game misconduct penalty. Another type of check that accounts for many of the player-to-player contact concussions is a check to the head resulting in a misconduct penalty (called "head contact"). In recent years, the NHL has implemented new rules which penalize and suspend players for illegal checks to the heads, as well as checks to unsuspecting players. Studies show that ice hockey causes 44.3% of all sports-related traumatic brain injuries among Canadian children.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some teams in the <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Swiss</a> <a href="/wiki/National_League_(ice_hockey)" title="National League (ice hockey)">National League</a> are testing out systems that combine helmet-integrated sensors and analysis software to reveal a player's ongoing brain injury risk during a game.  These sensors provide players and coaches with real-time data on head impact strength, frequency, and severity.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, if the app determines that a particular impact has the potential to cause brain injury, it will alert the coach who can in turn seek medical attention for the individual.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tactics">Tactics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Tactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defensive_tactics">Defensive tactics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Defensive tactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Defensive ice hockey tactics vary from more active to more conservative styles of play. One distinction is between <a href="/wiki/Man-to-man_defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Man-to-man defence">man-to-man</a> oriented defensive systems, and <a href="/wiki/Zone_defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Zone defence">zonal</a> oriented defensive systems, though a lot of teams use a combination between the two. Defensive skills involve <i>pass interception</i>, <i>shot blocking</i>, and <i>stick checking</i> (in which an attempt to take away the puck or cut off the puck lane is initiated by the stick of the defensive player). Tactical points of emphasis in ice hockey defensive play are concepts like "managing gaps" (gap control), "boxing out"' (not letting the offensive team go on the inside), and "staying on the right side" (of the puck). Another popular concept in ice hockey defensive tactics is that of playing a <a href="/wiki/200-foot_game" title="200-foot game">200-foot game</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Checking">Checking</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Checking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Checking_(ice_hockey)" title="Checking (ice hockey)">Checking (ice hockey)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Backcheck" title="Backcheck">Backcheck</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Body_checking_lesson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Body_checking_lesson.jpg/220px-Body_checking_lesson.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Body_checking_lesson.jpg/330px-Body_checking_lesson.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Body_checking_lesson.jpg/440px-Body_checking_lesson.jpg 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Youths being taught how to properly deliver a check in ice hockey.</figcaption></figure> <p>An important defensive tactic is checking—attempting to take the puck from an opponent or to remove the opponent from play. <i>Stick checking</i>, <i>sweep checking</i>, and <i>poke checking</i> are legal uses of the stick to obtain possession of the puck. The <i><a href="/wiki/Neutral_zone_trap" title="Neutral zone trap">neutral zone trap</a></i> is designed to isolate the puck carrier in the neutral zone preventing him from entering the offensive zone. <i>Body checking</i> is using one's shoulder or hip to strike an opponent who has the puck or who is the last to have touched it (the last person to have touched the puck is still legally "in possession" of it, although a penalty is generally called if he is checked more than two seconds after his last touch). Body checking is also a penalty in certain leagues in order to reduce the chance of injury to players. Often the term checking is used to refer to body checking, with its true definition generally only propagated among fans of the game. </p><p>One of the most important strategies for a team is their <i><a href="/wiki/Forecheck" title="Forecheck">forecheck</a></i>. Forechecking is the act of attacking the opposition in their defensive zone. Forechecking is an important part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Dump_and_chase" class="mw-redirect" title="Dump and chase">dump and chase</a></i> strategy (i.e. shooting the puck into the offensive zone and then chasing after it). Each team uses their own unique system but the main ones are: <a href="/wiki/2-1-2_Forecheck" title="2-1-2 Forecheck">2–1–2</a>, 1–2–2, and 1–4. The 2–1–2 is the most basic forecheck system where two forwards go in deep and pressure the opposition's defencemen, the third forward stays high and the two defencemen stay at the blueline. The 1–2–2 is a bit more conservative system where one forward pressures the puck carrier and the other two forwards cover the oppositions' wingers, with the two defencemen staying at the blueline. The 1–4 is the most defensive forecheck system, referred to as the neutral zone trap, where one forward applies pressure to the puck carrier around the oppositions' blueline and the other four players stand basically in a line by their blueline in hopes the opposition will skate into one of them. Another strategy is the <a href="/wiki/Left_wing_lock" title="Left wing lock">left wing lock</a>, which has two forwards pressure the puck and the left wing and the two defencemen stay at the blueline. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Offensive_tactics">Offensive tactics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Offensive tactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Shot_(ice_hockey)" title="Shot (ice hockey)">Shot (ice hockey)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slapshot" title="Slapshot">Slapshot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wrist_shot" title="Wrist shot">Wrist shot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snap_shot_(ice_hockey)" title="Snap shot (ice hockey)">Snap shot (ice hockey)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Backhand_slapshot" class="mw-redirect" title="Backhand slapshot">Backhand slapshot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Offside_(ice_hockey)" title="Offside (ice hockey)">Offside (ice hockey)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extra_attacker" title="Extra attacker">Extra attacker</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Deke_(ice_hockey)" title="Deke (ice hockey)">Deke (ice hockey)</a></div> <p>Offensive tactics include improving a team's position on the ice by advancing the puck out of one's zone towards the opponent's zone, progressively by gaining lines, first your own blue line, then the red line and finally the opponent's blue line. <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League_rules" title="National Hockey League rules">NHL rules</a> instated for the 2006 season redefined the offside rule to make the two-line pass legal; a player may pass the puck from behind his own blue line, past both that blue line and the centre red line, to a player on the near side of the opponents' blue line. Offensive tactics are designed ultimately to score a goal by taking a shot. When a player purposely directs the puck towards the opponent's goal, he or she is said to "shoot" the puck. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2016_NHL_All-Star_Game_(24660199222).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/2016_NHL_All-Star_Game_%2824660199222%29.jpg/170px-2016_NHL_All-Star_Game_%2824660199222%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/2016_NHL_All-Star_Game_%2824660199222%29.jpg/255px-2016_NHL_All-Star_Game_%2824660199222%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/2016_NHL_All-Star_Game_%2824660199222%29.jpg/340px-2016_NHL_All-Star_Game_%2824660199222%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a> fan exhibit, where guests attempt to deflect the puck in order to score.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <i>deflection</i> is a shot that redirects a shot or a pass towards the goal from another player, by allowing the puck to strike the stick and carom towards the goal. A <i><a href="/wiki/One-timer" class="mw-redirect" title="One-timer">one-timer</a></i> is a shot struck directly off a pass, without receiving the pass and shooting in two separate actions. <i>Headmanning the puck</i>, also known as <i>breaking out</i>, is the tactic of rapidly passing to the player farthest down the ice. <i><a href="/wiki/Loafing_(ice_hockey)" title="Loafing (ice hockey)">Loafing</a></i>, also known as <i><a href="/wiki/Cherry_picking_(basketball)" title="Cherry picking (basketball)">cherry-picking</a></i>, is when a player, usually a forward, skates behind an attacking team, instead of playing defence, in an attempt to create an easy scoring chance. </p><p>A team that is losing by one or two goals in the last few minutes of play will often elect to <i>pull the goalie</i>; that is, remove the goaltender and replace him or her with an <i><a href="/wiki/Extra_attacker" title="Extra attacker">extra attacker</a></i> on the ice in the hope of gaining enough advantage to score a goal. This is a desperate act, as it sometimes leads to the opposing team extending their lead by scoring a goal in the empty net. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Delayed_Penalty_(4265089028).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Delayed_Penalty_%284265089028%29.jpg/220px-Delayed_Penalty_%284265089028%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Delayed_Penalty_%284265089028%29.jpg/330px-Delayed_Penalty_%284265089028%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Delayed_Penalty_%284265089028%29.jpg/440px-Delayed_Penalty_%284265089028%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3461" data-file-height="2236" /></a><figcaption>A goalie heads to the bench in order to allow for an <a href="/wiki/Extra_attacker" title="Extra attacker">extra attacker</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are many other little tactics used in the game of hockey. <i><a href="/wiki/Cycling_(ice_hockey)" title="Cycling (ice hockey)">Cycling</a></i> moves the puck along the boards in the offensive zone to create a <a href="/wiki/Scoring_chance" title="Scoring chance">scoring chance</a> by making defenders tired or moving them out of position. <i>Pinching</i> is when a defenceman pressures the opposition's winger in the offensive zone when they are breaking out, attempting to stop their attack and keep the puck in the offensive zone. A <i><a href="/wiki/Saucer_pass" title="Saucer pass">saucer pass</a></i> is a pass used when an opposition's stick or body is in the passing lane. It is the act of raising the puck over the obstruction and having it land on a teammate's stick. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Deke_(ice_hockey)" title="Deke (ice hockey)">deke</a>, short for "decoy", is a <a href="/wiki/Feint" title="Feint">feint</a> with the body or stick to fool a defender or the goalie. Many modern players, such as <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Datsyuk" title="Pavel Datsyuk">Pavel Datsyuk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Crosby" title="Sidney Crosby">Sidney Crosby</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Kane" title="Patrick Kane">Patrick Kane</a>, have picked up the skill of "dangling", which is fancier deking and requires more stick handling skills. </p><p>A tactic used by a player to keep possession of the puck is <i>stick handling</i> and also known as <i>ragging</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinnigan199212_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinnigan199212-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A player can use their stick to manipulate the puck out of reach of opposing players, while attempting to skate past them. When combined with deking or dangling skills, a player can attempt an <i>end-to-end rush</i> and make a solo play to score. Ragging is also a common penalty-killing tactic to use up time during a penalty's duration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fights">Fights</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Fights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fighting_in_ice_hockey" title="Fighting in ice hockey">Fighting in ice hockey</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fight_in_ice_hockey_2009.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Fight_in_ice_hockey_2009.JPG/220px-Fight_in_ice_hockey_2009.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Fight_in_ice_hockey_2009.JPG/330px-Fight_in_ice_hockey_2009.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Fight_in_ice_hockey_2009.JPG/440px-Fight_in_ice_hockey_2009.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2389" data-file-height="1595" /></a><figcaption>Fighting is prohibited by the rules but is common in North America.</figcaption></figure> <p>Although fighting is officially prohibited in the rules, it is not an uncommon occurrence at the professional level, and its prevalence has been both a target of criticism and a considerable draw for the sport. At the professional level in North America fights are unofficially condoned. <a href="/wiki/Enforcer_(ice_hockey)" title="Enforcer (ice hockey)">Enforcers</a> and other players fight to demoralize the opposing players while exciting their own, as well as settling personal scores. A fight will also break out if one of the team's skilled players gets hit hard or someone receives what the team perceives as a dirty hit. The amateur game penalizes fisticuffs more harshly, as a player who receives a fighting major is also assessed at least a 10-minute misconduct penalty (NCAA and some Junior leagues) or a game misconduct penalty and <a href="/wiki/Suspension_(punishment)" title="Suspension (punishment)">suspension</a> (high school and younger, as well as some casual adult leagues).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Women's_ice_hockey"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women's_ice_hockey"><span id="Women.27s_ice_hockey"></span>Women's ice hockey</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Women's ice hockey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Globe icon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and perspective in this section <b>deal primarily with North America and do not represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit">improve this section</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Ice_hockey" title="Talk:Ice hockey">talk page</a>, or create a new section, as appropriate.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_women%27s_ice_hockey_history" title="Canadian women's ice hockey history">Canadian women's ice hockey history</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_women%27s_ice_hockey_in_the_United_States" title="History of women's ice hockey in the United States">History of women's ice hockey in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Womenplayinghockey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Womenplayinghockey.jpg/220px-Womenplayinghockey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Womenplayinghockey.jpg/330px-Womenplayinghockey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Womenplayinghockey.jpg/440px-Womenplayinghockey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="475" data-file-height="368" /></a><figcaption>Women playing ice hockey, c. 1888. The daughter of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Stanley,_16th_Earl_of_Derby" title="Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby">Lord Stanley of Preston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lady_Isobel_Gathorne-Hardy" title="Lady Isobel Gathorne-Hardy">Lady Isobel Gathorne-Hardy</a>, is visible in white.</figcaption></figure> <p>Women began playing the game of ice hockey in the late 19th century. Several games were recorded in the 1890s in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The women of Lord Stanley's family were known to participate in the game of ice hockey on the outdoor ice rink at <a href="/wiki/Rideau_Hall" title="Rideau Hall">Rideau Hall</a>, the residence of Canada's <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest available records of women's ice hockey were in the late 19th-century in Canada. Much like the men's game, women had previously been playing a conglomeration of stick-and-ball ice games. As with men's hockey, the women's game developed at first without an organizing body. A tournament in 1902 between <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a> was billed as the first women's ice hockey championship tournament.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several tournaments, such as at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banff_Winter_Carnival&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banff Winter Carnival (page does not exist)">Banff Winter Carnival</a>, were held in the early 20th century with numerous women's teams such as the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Vamps" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Vamps">Seattle Vamps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Amazons" title="Vancouver Amazons">Vancouver Amazons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Organizations started to develop in the 1920s, such as the <a href="/wiki/Ladies_Ontario_Hockey_Association" title="Ladies Ontario Hockey Association">Ladies Ontario Hockey Association</a> in Canada, and later, the <a href="/wiki/Dominion_Women%27s_Amateur_Hockey_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominion Women's Amateur Hockey Association">Dominion Women's Amateur Hockey Association</a>. </p><p>Starting in Canada in 1961, the women's game spread to more universities after the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fitness_and_Amateur_Sport_Act&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fitness and Amateur Sport Act (page does not exist)">Fitness and Amateur Sport Act</a> came into force in whereby the Canadian Government of Canada made an official commitment to "encourage, promote and develop fitness and amateur sport in Canada."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amy_Menke_takes_a_shot_at_the_goal_with_Emily_Pfalzer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Amy_Menke_takes_a_shot_at_the_goal_with_Emily_Pfalzer.jpg/220px-Amy_Menke_takes_a_shot_at_the_goal_with_Emily_Pfalzer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Amy_Menke_takes_a_shot_at_the_goal_with_Emily_Pfalzer.jpg/330px-Amy_Menke_takes_a_shot_at_the_goal_with_Emily_Pfalzer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Amy_Menke_takes_a_shot_at_the_goal_with_Emily_Pfalzer.jpg/440px-Amy_Menke_takes_a_shot_at_the_goal_with_Emily_Pfalzer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4309" data-file-height="2873" /></a><figcaption>Members of the <a href="/wiki/Buffalo_Beauts" title="Buffalo Beauts">Buffalo Beauts</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Whitecaps" title="Minnesota Whitecaps">Minnesota Whitecaps</a> during the 2019 <a href="/wiki/Isobel_Cup" title="Isobel Cup">Isobel Cup</a> championship game for the <a href="/wiki/Premier_Hockey_Federation" title="Premier Hockey Federation">NWHL</a>, later known as the <a href="/wiki/Premier_Hockey_Federation" title="Premier Hockey Federation">Premier Hockey Federation</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Today, the women's game is played from youth through adult leagues, and at the university level in North America and internationally. In 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Professional_Women%27s_Hockey_Players_Association" title="Professional Women's Hockey Players Association">Professional Women's Hockey Players Association</a> was formed by over 150 players with the goal of creating a sustainable professional league for women's ice hockey in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, there are major professional women's hockey leagues: the <a href="/wiki/Professional_Women%27s_Hockey_League" title="Professional Women's Hockey League">Professional Women's Hockey League</a>, with teams in the United States and Canada, and the <a href="/wiki/Zhenskaya_Hockey_League" title="Zhenskaya Hockey League">Zhenskaya Hockey League</a>, with teams in Russia and China. </p><p>Prior to the professionalization of women's ice hockey in the 21st century, professional women hockey players who played against men tended to be goaltenders. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Hockey_League" title="United States Hockey League">United States Hockey League</a> (USHL) welcomed the first female professional ice hockey player in 1969–70, when the <a href="/wiki/Marquette_Iron_Rangers" title="Marquette Iron Rangers">Marquette Iron Rangers</a> signed 18-year-old goaltender <a href="/wiki/Karen_Koch" title="Karen Koch">Karen Koch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only one woman has ever played in the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL), goaltender <a href="/wiki/Manon_Rh%C3%A9aume" title="Manon Rhéaume">Manon Rhéaume</a>. Rhéaume played in NHL pre-season games as a goaltender for the <a href="/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Lightning" title="Tampa Bay Lightning">Tampa Bay Lightning</a> against the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Blues" title="St. Louis Blues">St. Louis Blues</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins" title="Boston Bruins">Boston Bruins</a>. In 2003, forward <a href="/wiki/Hayley_Wickenheiser" title="Hayley Wickenheiser">Hayley Wickenheiser</a> played with the <a href="/wiki/Kirkkonummi" title="Kirkkonummi">Kirkkonummi</a> <a href="/wiki/HC_Salamat" title="HC Salamat">Salamat</a> in the Finnish men's <a href="/wiki/Suomi-sarja" title="Suomi-sarja">Suomi-sarja</a> league.<sup id="cite_ref-CBC_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CBC-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women have occasionally competed in North American minor leagues: among them Rhéaume, and fellow goaltenders <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Dyer" title="Kelly Dyer">Kelly Dyer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erin_Whitten" class="mw-redirect" title="Erin Whitten">Erin Whitten</a>. Defenceman <a href="/wiki/Angela_Ruggiero" title="Angela Ruggiero">Angela Ruggiero</a> became the first woman to actively play in a regular season professional hockey game in North America at a position other than goalie, playing in a single game for the <a href="/wiki/Tulsa_Oilers" title="Tulsa Oilers">Tulsa Oilers</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Hockey_League" title="Central Hockey League">Central Hockey League</a>. </p><p>Between 1995 and 2005 the number of women's hockey participants increased by 400 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011, Canada had 85,827 women players,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the United States had 65,609,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finland 4,760,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sweden 3,075<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Switzerland 1,172.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Women's ice hockey was added as an Olympic medal sport eight years after the first world women's ice hockey championship in 1990, at the <a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Winter Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nagano,_Nagano" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagano, Nagano">Nagano, Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_1998_Olympics_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_1998_Olympics-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WomenHockey2010WinterOlympicsvictory.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/WomenHockey2010WinterOlympicsvictory.jpg/220px-WomenHockey2010WinterOlympicsvictory.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/WomenHockey2010WinterOlympicsvictory.jpg/330px-WomenHockey2010WinterOlympicsvictory.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/WomenHockey2010WinterOlympicsvictory.jpg/440px-WomenHockey2010WinterOlympicsvictory.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Medal ceremony for the women's ice hockey tournament at the <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Winter Olympics</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women's_World_Championship"><span id="Women.27s_World_Championship"></span>Women's World Championship</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Women's World Championship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_Women%27s_Championship" title="IIHF World Women's Championship">IIHF World Women's Championship</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/1987_World_Women%27s_Hockey_Tournament" title="1987 World Women's Hockey Tournament">1987 World Women's Hockey Tournament</a> in Toronto was the first international competition in women's hockey, although it was not sanctioned by the IIHF.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later, the <a href="/wiki/1989_IIHF_European_Women_Championships" title="1989 IIHF European Women Championships">1989 IIHF European Women Championships</a> in <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a> was the first IIHF-sanctioned event and the first European Championship held in women's hockey, preceding the IIHF-sanctioned <a href="/wiki/IIHF_Women%27s_World_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="IIHF Women's World Championship">Women's World Championship</a>. The first world ice hockey championship for women was the <a href="/wiki/1990_IIHF_World_Women%27s_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 IIHF World Women's Championship">1990 IIHF World Women's Championship</a> in Ottawa.<sup id="cite_ref-:13_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:13-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, the tournament is held annually, except that the top flight does not play in <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Olympics">Olympic</a> years.<sup id="cite_ref-IIHF_WWC_list_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIHF_WWC_list-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Equipment_2">Equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Players in women's competition are required to wear protective full-<a href="/wiki/Hockey_mask" class="mw-redirect" title="Hockey mask">face masks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IIHF_Rules_Section_6_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIHF_Rules_Section_6-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At all levels, players must wear a <a href="/wiki/Jockstrap#Jockstraps_for_females" title="Jockstrap">pelvic protector</a>, essentially the female equivalent of a jockstrap, known colloquially as a "jill" or "jillstrap". Other protective equipment for girls and women in ice hockey is sometimes specifically designed for the female body, such as shoulder pads designed to protect a women's breast area without reducing mobility. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Body_checking">Body checking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Body checking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Checking_(ice_hockey)" title="Checking (ice hockey)">Body checking</a> has long been a divisive topic in women's hockey, and has largely been prohibited since the mid-1980s in Canada, and from there internationally. Canada's <a href="/wiki/Rhonda_Leeman_Taylor" title="Rhonda Leeman Taylor">Rhonda Leeman Taylor</a> was responsible for banning body contact from all Canadian national women's tournaments in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Body checking in some of the women's hockey leagues in Canada was completely removed in 1986, which helped lead to a substantial increase in female participation in youth ice hockey in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-Second_Story_Press_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Second_Story_Press-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smith_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to this point, body checking had been a part of the women's game in most cases, including in Europe. It was not until after the <a href="/wiki/1990_IIHF_Women%27s_World_Championship" title="1990 IIHF Women's World Championship">1990 Women's World Championship</a> that body checking was eliminated from women's hockey internationally. In addition, until the mid-2000s, obstruction and interference were allowed, including pushing players in front of the net, minor hooking, and setting picks. When the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> removed obstruction and interference in the mid-2000s, minor hockey leagues and female leagues followed suit.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In women's IIHF ice hockey today, body checking is considered an "illegal hit" and is punishable by a <a href="/wiki/Minor_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor penalty">minor penalty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Major_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Major penalty">major penalty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Game_misconduct" class="mw-redirect" title="Game misconduct">game misconduct</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Match_penalty" title="Match penalty">match penalty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IIHF_Rules_Section_6_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIHF_Rules_Section_6-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The idea of reintroducing body checking to the female game after its removal in the 1980s and 1990s remains controversial. Some of those opposed to its reintroduction maintain it would lead to a loss of female participants, as once stated by Arto Sieppi, Finland's director of women's hockey.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sieppi made the statement in response to claims made by the head coach of <a href="/wiki/Sweden_women%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Sweden women's national ice hockey team">Sweden's national women's team</a>, Peter Elander,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had claimed its absence was due to patriarchal sexism.<sup id="cite_ref-femalehitting_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-femalehitting-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Peter is a good friend of mine, but I totally disagree... First of all, it's a women's sport, and if bodychecking would be allowed, the number of young girls entering the game would decrease rapidly.<sup id="cite_ref-femalehitting_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-femalehitting-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Mathew Sekeres, "Too Dainty to Hit?", <i>The Globe and Mail</i> (September 5, 2009)</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The Svenska damhockeyligan (SDHL), known as the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Women%27s_Hockey_League" title="Swedish Women's Hockey League">Swedish Women's Hockey League</a> in English, announced in 2022 that it would include body checking during its 2022–23 season, but would maintain a prohibition on open-ice hits.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new program also applies to the <a href="/wiki/Damettan" class="mw-redirect" title="Damettan">Damettan</a>, Sweden's second-tier women's league. The <a href="/wiki/Professional_Women%27s_Hockey_League" title="Professional Women's Hockey League">Professional Women's Hockey League</a>, the highest level of women's professional hockey, which debuted in 2024, also allows body checking. The PWHL rule-book outlines that body checking is permissible "when there is a clear intention of playing the puck or attempting to 'gain possession' of the puck", which is allowed principally along the boards.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> League executive <a href="/wiki/Jayna_Hefford" title="Jayna Hefford">Jayna Hefford</a> has stated that body checking was included at the behest of players, and the league's physicality drew positive reviews when the league began play in January 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leagues_and_championships">Leagues and championships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Leagues and championships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_ice_hockey_leagues" title="List of ice hockey leagues">List of ice hockey leagues</a></div> <p>The following is a list of professional ice hockey leagues by attendance: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="margin-left:1cm"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:15em">League </th> <th style="width:15em">Country </th> <th style="width:25em">Notes </th> <th style="width:5em; text-align:center">Average Attendance<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /><small>for 2018–19</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL)</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States (25 teams)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Canada (7 teams)</td> <td></td> <td>17,406 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_League_(ice_hockey)" title="National League (ice hockey)">National League</a> (NL)</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td> <td></td> <td>6,949 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Eishockey_Liga" title="Deutsche Eishockey Liga">Deutsche Eishockey Liga</a> (DEL)</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td></td> <td>6,215 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League" title="Kontinental Hockey League">Kontinental Hockey League</a> (KHL)</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Russia (19 teams)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> (1 team)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>China (1 team)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> (1 team)<br /></td> <td>Successor to <a href="/wiki/Russian_Superleague" title="Russian Superleague">Russian Superleague</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Championship_League" title="Soviet Championship League">Soviet Championship League</a></td> <td>6,397 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">American Hockey League</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States (26 teams)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Canada (6 teams)</td> <td>Developmental league for NHL</td> <td>5,672 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Hockey_League" title="Swedish Hockey League">Swedish Hockey League</a> (SHL)</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Sweden</td> <td>Known as Elitserien until 2013</td> <td>5,936 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Professional_Women%27s_Hockey_League" title="Professional Women's Hockey League">Professional Women's Hockey League</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States (3 teams)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Canada (3 teams) </td> <td>Founded in 2023, first game in 2024 </td> <td>5,448 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Czech_Extraliga" title="Czech Extraliga">Czech Extraliga</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></td> <td>Formed from the split of the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_First_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League">Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League</a></td> <td>5,401 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SM-liiga" class="mw-redirect" title="SM-liiga">SM-liiga</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></td> <td>Originally <a href="/wiki/SM-sarja" title="SM-sarja">SM-sarja</a> from 1928 to 1975. Known as SM-liiga since 1975</td> <td>4,232 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Western_Hockey_League" title="Western Hockey League">Western Hockey League</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Canada (17 teams)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States (5 teams)</td> <td>Junior league</td> <td>4,295 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States (25 teams)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Canada (2 teams)</td> <td>Developmental league for NHL</td> <td>4,365 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Hockey_League" title="Ontario Hockey League">Ontario Hockey League</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Canada (17 teams)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States (3 teams)</td> <td>Junior league</td> <td>3,853 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_NCAA_Division_I_ice_hockey_programs" title="List of NCAA Division I ice hockey programs">NCAA Division I Men's Ice Hockey Tournament</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States</td> <td>Amateur intercollegiate competition</td> <td>3,281 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Maritimes_Junior_Hockey_League" title="Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League">Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Canada</td> <td>Junior league</td> <td>3,271 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Champions_Hockey_League" title="Champions Hockey League">Champions Hockey League</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/45px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></td> <td>Europe-wide championship tournament league. Successor to <a href="/wiki/European_Trophy" title="European Trophy">European Trophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Champions_Hockey_League_(2008%E2%80%9309)" title="Champions Hockey League (2008–09)">Champions Hockey League</a></td> <td>3,397<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Southern_Professional_Hockey_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Professional Hockey League">Southern Professional Hockey League</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States</td> <td></td> <td>3,116 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Hockey_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian Hockey League">Austrian Hockey League</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> (8 teams)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> (1 team)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a> (1 team)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Italy (1 team)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> (1 team)</td> <td></td> <td>2,970 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elite_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Elite Ice Hockey League">Elite Ice Hockey League</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>United Kingdom</td> <td>Teams in all of the <a href="/wiki/Home_nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Home nations">home nations</a>: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland</td> <td>2,850 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/DEL2" title="DEL2">DEL2</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td> <td>Second division of Germany</td> <td>2,511 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Hockey_League" title="United States Hockey League">United States Hockey League</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States</td> <td>Amateur junior league</td> <td>2,367 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/HockeyAllsvenskan" title="HockeyAllsvenskan">HockeyAllsvenskan</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Sweden</td> <td>Second division of Sweden</td> <td>2,713 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GET-ligaen" class="mw-redirect" title="GET-ligaen">GET-ligaen</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></td> <td></td> <td>1,827 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Extraliga" title="Slovak Extraliga">Slovak Extraliga</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>  (11 teams)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> (2 teams)</td> <td>Formed from the split of the <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_First_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League">Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League</a></td> <td>1,663 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ligue_Magnus" title="Ligue Magnus">Ligue Magnus</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>France</td> <td></td> <td>1,716 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Hockey_League" title="Supreme Hockey League">Supreme Hockey League (VHL)</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Russia (24 teams)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> (2 teams)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>China (2 teams)</td> <td>Second division of Russia and partial development league for the KHL</td> <td>1,766 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swiss_League" title="Swiss League">Swiss League</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/15px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></td> <td>Second division of Switzerland</td> <td>1,845 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1st_Czech_Republic_Hockey_League" title="1st Czech Republic Hockey League">Chance Liga</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></td> <td>Second division of Czechia</td> <td>1,674 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Hockey_Higher_League" title="Latvian Hockey Higher League">Latvian Hockey Higher League</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> (6 teams)</td> <td></td> <td>1,354 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Metal_Ligaen" title="Metal Ligaen">Metal Ligaen</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></td> <td></td> <td>1,525 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Premier_Hockey_Federation" title="Premier Hockey Federation">Premier Hockey Federation</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States (5 teams)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Canada (1 team)</td> <td>Formed in 2015</td> <td>954<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asia_League_Ice_Hockey" title="Asia League Ice Hockey">Asia League</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Japan (4 teams)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> (1 teams)</td> <td></td> <td>976 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mestis" title="Mestis">Mestis</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> </td> <td>Successor to <a href="/wiki/I-Divisioona" title="I-Divisioona">I-Divisioona</a>, Second division of Finland</td> <td>762 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Federal_Prospects_Hockey_League" title="Federal Prospects Hockey League">Federal Prospects Hockey League</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States</td> <td></td> <td>1,546<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ligue_Nord-Am%C3%A9ricaine_de_Hockey" title="Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey">Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Canada</td> <td></td> <td>1,131<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BeNe_League_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="BeNe League (ice hockey)">BeNe League</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> (10 teams)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Belgium (6 teams)</td> <td>Formed in 2015 with teams from Dutch <a href="/wiki/Eredivisie_(ice_hockey)" title="Eredivisie (ice hockey)">Eredivisie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Hockey_League" title="Belgian Hockey League">Belgian Hockey League</a></td> <td>784 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polska_Hokej_Liga" title="Polska Hokej Liga">Polska Hokej Liga</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>Poland</td> <td></td> <td>751 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Erste_Liga_(ice_hockey)" title="Erste Liga (ice hockey)">Erste Liga</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> (6 teams)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> (2 teams)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> (1 team)</td> <td></td> <td>601 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alps_Hockey_League" title="Alps Hockey League">Alps Hockey League</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> (7 teams)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Italy (8 teams)<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> (2 teams)</td> <td>Formed in 2016 with the merger of Italy's <a href="/wiki/Serie_A_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serie A (ice hockey)">Serie A</a> and the joint Austrian–Slovenian <a href="/wiki/Inter-National_League" title="Inter-National League">Inter-National League</a></td> <td>734 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Extraleague" title="Belarusian Extraleague">Belarusian Extraleague</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></td> <td></td> <td>717 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Women%27s_Hockey_League" title="Swedish Women's Hockey League">Swedish Women's Hockey League</a></td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Sweden</td> <td>Formed in 2007 and known as Riksserien until 2016</td> <td>234 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Club_competition">Club competition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Club competition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North_America">North America</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2016_NHL_All-Star_Game_(24751818606).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/2016_NHL_All-Star_Game_%2824751818606%29.jpg/220px-2016_NHL_All-Star_Game_%2824751818606%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/2016_NHL_All-Star_Game_%2824751818606%29.jpg/330px-2016_NHL_All-Star_Game_%2824751818606%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/2016_NHL_All-Star_Game_%2824751818606%29.jpg/440px-2016_NHL_All-Star_Game_%2824751818606%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Advert for the <a href="/wiki/2016_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game" title="2016 National Hockey League All-Star Game">2016 NHL All-Star Game</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Bridgestone_Arena" title="Bridgestone Arena">Bridgestone Arena</a>, featuring players from its clubs based in Canada and the United States.</figcaption></figure> <p>The NHL is the best attended and most popular ice hockey league in the world, and is among the <a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada</a>. The league's history began after Canada's National Hockey Association decided to disband in 1917; the result was the creation of the National Hockey League with four teams. The league expanded to the United States beginning in 1924 and had as many as 10 teams before contracting to six teams—known today as the <a href="/wiki/Original_Six" title="Original Six">Original Six</a>—by 1942–43. In 1967, the NHL doubled in size to 12 teams, undertaking one of the greatest expansions in professional sports history. A few years later, in 1972, a new 12-team league, the <a href="/wiki/World_Hockey_Association" title="World Hockey Association">World Hockey Association</a> (WHA), was formed and its ensuing rivalry with the NHL caused a rapid escalation in players' salaries. In 1979, the 17-team NHL merged with the WHA creating a 21-team league.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2017, the NHL had expanded to 31 teams, and after a realignment in 2013, these teams were divided into two conferences and four divisions.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The league expanded to 32 teams in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">American Hockey League</a> (AHL) is the primary developmental professional league for players aspiring to enter the NHL. It comprises 31 teams from the United States and Canada. It is run as a <a href="/wiki/Farm_team" title="Farm team">farm league</a> to the NHL, with the vast majority of AHL players under contract to an NHL team. The <a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a> (called the East Coast Hockey League before the 2003–04 season) is a mid-level minor league in the United States with a few players under contract to NHL or AHL teams. </p><p>As of 2019, there are three minor professional leagues with no NHL affiliations: the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Prospects_Hockey_League" title="Federal Prospects Hockey League">Federal Prospects Hockey League</a> (FPHL), <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ligue_Nord-Am%C3%A9ricaine_de_Hockey" title="Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey">Ligue Nord-Américaine de Hockey</a></span></span> (LNAH), and the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Professional_Hockey_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Professional Hockey League">Southern Professional Hockey League</a> (SPHL). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2007_Memorial_Cup_warmup.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/2007_Memorial_Cup_warmup.JPG/220px-2007_Memorial_Cup_warmup.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/2007_Memorial_Cup_warmup.JPG/330px-2007_Memorial_Cup_warmup.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/2007_Memorial_Cup_warmup.JPG/440px-2007_Memorial_Cup_warmup.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Pre-game warmups prior to a <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Cup" title="Memorial Cup">Memorial Cup</a> game. The tourney serves as the championship for the major junior <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hockey_League" title="Canadian Hockey League">Canadian Hockey League</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/U_Sports" title="U Sports">U Sports</a> ice hockey is the highest level of play at the Canadian university level under the auspices of U Sports, Canada's governing body for university sports. As these players compete at the university level, they are obligated to follow the rule of standard eligibility of five years. In the United States especially, <a href="/wiki/College_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="College hockey">college hockey</a> is popular and the best university teams compete in the annual <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Men%27s_Ice_Hockey_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship">NCAA Men's Ice Hockey Championship</a>. The <a href="/wiki/American_Collegiate_Hockey_Association" title="American Collegiate Hockey Association">American Collegiate Hockey Association</a> is composed of college teams at the club level. </p><p>In Canada, the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Hockey_League" title="Canadian Hockey League">Canadian Hockey League</a> is an umbrella organization comprising three major junior leagues: the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Hockey_League" title="Ontario Hockey League">Ontario Hockey League</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hockey_League" title="Western Hockey League">Western Hockey League</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Major_Junior_Hockey_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec Major Junior Hockey League">Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League</a>. It attracts players from Canada, the United States, and Europe. The major junior players are considered amateurs as they are under 21-years-old and not paid a salary, rather a stipend, and play a schedule similar to a professional league. Typically, the <a href="/wiki/NHL_draft" class="mw-redirect" title="NHL draft">NHL drafts</a> many players directly from the major junior leagues. In the United States, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Hockey_League" title="United States Hockey League">United States Hockey League</a> (USHL) is the highest junior league. Players in this league are also amateur with players required to be under 21-years old, but do not get a stipend, which allows players to retain their eligibility for participation in <a href="/wiki/College_ice_hockey#NCAA" title="College ice hockey">NCAA ice hockey</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Professional_Women%27s_Hockey_League" title="Professional Women's Hockey League">Professional Women's Hockey League</a> is the highest level of club competition in women's hockey. It was founded in 2023 and debuted in 2024 with three teams in Canada and three in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Eurasia">Eurasia</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Eurasia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp-russia2016-hockey-gagarin-cup.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Stamp-russia2016-hockey-gagarin-cup.png/220px-Stamp-russia2016-hockey-gagarin-cup.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Stamp-russia2016-hockey-gagarin-cup.png/330px-Stamp-russia2016-hockey-gagarin-cup.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Stamp-russia2016-hockey-gagarin-cup.png/440px-Stamp-russia2016-hockey-gagarin-cup.png 2x" data-file-width="2466" data-file-height="2451" /></a><figcaption>A Russian stamp commemorating the <a href="/wiki/Gagarin_Cup" title="Gagarin Cup">Gagarin Cup</a>, which is presented to the <a href="/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League" title="Kontinental Hockey League">KHL</a>'s playoff champion. The KHL is the largest ice hockey league in Eurasia.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Kontinental Hockey League (KHL) is the largest and most popular ice hockey league in Eurasia. The league is the direct successor to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Super_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Super League">Russian Super League</a>, which in turn was the successor to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Championship_League" title="Soviet Championship League">Soviet League</a>, the history of which dates back to the Soviet adoption of ice hockey in the 1940s. The KHL was <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_KHL_season" title="2008–09 KHL season">launched in 2008</a> with clubs predominantly from Russia, but featuring teams from other <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">post-Soviet states</a>. The league expanded beyond the former Soviet countries beginning in the <a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_KHL_season" title="2011–12 KHL season">2011–12 season</a>, with clubs in Croatia and Slovakia. The KHL currently comprises member clubs based in <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> (1), China (1), <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> (1) and Russia (19) for a total of 22. </p><p>The second division of hockey in Eurasia is the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Hockey_League" title="Supreme Hockey League">Supreme Hockey League</a> (VHL). This league features 24 teams from Russia and 2 from Kazakhstan. This league is currently being converted to a farm league for the KHL, similarly to the AHL's function in relation to the NHL. The third division is the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Hockey_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Hockey League">Russian Hockey League</a>, which features only teams from Russia. The <a href="/wiki/Asia_League_Ice_Hockey" title="Asia League Ice Hockey">Asia League</a>, an international ice hockey league featuring clubs from China, Japan, South Korea, and the Russian Far East, is the successor to the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Japan Ice Hockey League">Japan Ice Hockey League</a>. </p><p>The highest junior league in Eurasia is the <a href="/wiki/Junior_Hockey_League_(Russia)" title="Junior Hockey League (Russia)">Junior Hockey League</a> (MHL). It features 32 teams from post-Soviet states, predominantly Russia. The second tier to this league is the <a href="/wiki/Junior_Hockey_League_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Hockey League Championships">Junior Hockey League Championships</a> (MHL-B). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Europe">Europe</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lineup_(5154107439).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lineup_%285154107439%29.jpg/220px-Lineup_%285154107439%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lineup_%285154107439%29.jpg/330px-Lineup_%285154107439%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Lineup_%285154107439%29.jpg/440px-Lineup_%285154107439%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>Players from the <a href="/wiki/ZSC_Lions" title="ZSC Lions">ZSC Lions</a> line up prior to a game. The club plays in the Swiss <a href="/wiki/National_League_A" class="mw-redirect" title="National League A">National League A</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Talviklassikko_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Talviklassikko_2011.jpg/220px-Talviklassikko_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Talviklassikko_2011.jpg/330px-Talviklassikko_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Talviklassikko_2011.jpg/440px-Talviklassikko_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Finnish clubs <a href="/wiki/Jokerit" title="Jokerit">Jokerit</a> and <a href="/wiki/HIFK_Hockey" title="HIFK Hockey">HIFK</a> during a 2011 game at the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium" title="Helsinki Olympic Stadium">Helsinki Olympic Stadium</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Several countries in Europe have their own top professional senior leagues. Many future KHL and NHL players start or end their professional careers in these leagues. The National League A in Switzerland, Swedish Hockey League in Sweden, SM-liiga in Finland, and Czech Extraliga in the Czech Republic are all very popular in their respective countries. </p><p>Beginning in the 2014–15 season, the <a href="/wiki/Champions_Hockey_League" title="Champions Hockey League">Champions Hockey League</a> was launched, a league consisting of first-tier teams from several European countries, running parallel to the teams' domestic leagues. The competition is meant to serve as a Europe-wide ice hockey club championship. The competition is a direct successor to the <a href="/wiki/European_Trophy" title="European Trophy">European Trophy</a> and is related to the 2008–09 <a href="/wiki/Champions_Hockey_League_(2008%E2%80%9309)" title="Champions Hockey League (2008–09)">tournament of the same name</a>. </p><p>There are also several annual tournaments for clubs, held outside of league play. <a href="/wiki/Season_(sports)" title="Season (sports)">Pre-season</a> tournaments include the European Trophy, <a href="/wiki/Tampere_Cup" title="Tampere Cup">Tampere Cup</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pajulahti_Cup" title="Pajulahti Cup">Pajulahti Cup</a>. One of the oldest international ice hockey competition for clubs is the <a href="/wiki/Spengler_Cup" title="Spengler Cup">Spengler Cup</a>, held every year in <a href="/wiki/Davos" title="Davos">Davos</a>, Switzerland, between Christmas and New Year's Day. It was first awarded in 1923 to the Oxford University Ice Hockey Club. The <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Cup" title="Memorial Cup">Memorial Cup</a>, a competition for junior-level (age 20 and under) clubs is held annually from a pool of junior championship teams in Canada and the United States. </p><p>International club competitions organized by the IIHF include the <a href="/wiki/IIHF_Continental_Cup" title="IIHF Continental Cup">Continental Cup</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cup_(ice_hockey)" title="Victoria Cup (ice hockey)">Victoria Cup</a> and the European Women's Champions Cup. The <a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Club_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="World Junior Club Cup">World Junior Club Cup</a> is an annual tournament of <a href="/wiki/Junior_ice_hockey" title="Junior ice hockey">junior ice hockey</a> clubs representing each of the top junior leagues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_regions">Other regions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Other regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Australian Ice Hockey League">Australian Ice Hockey League</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Ice_Hockey_League" title="New Zealand Ice Hockey League">New Zealand Ice Hockey League</a> are represented by nine and five teams respectively. As of 2012, the two top teams of the previous season from each league compete in the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Tasman_Champions_League" title="Trans-Tasman Champions League">Trans-Tasman Champions League</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_in_Africa" title="Ice hockey in Africa">Ice hockey in Africa</a> is a small but growing sport; while no African ice hockey playing nation has a domestic national league, there are several regional leagues in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_team_competitions">National team competitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: National team competitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ice_hockey_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ice_hockey_pictogram.svg/220px-Ice_hockey_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ice_hockey_pictogram.svg/330px-Ice_hockey_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Ice_hockey_pictogram.svg/440px-Ice_hockey_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Pictogram used to identify ice hockey at the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter Olympic Games</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OvechkinKuba2010WinterOlympics.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/OvechkinKuba2010WinterOlympics.jpg/220px-OvechkinKuba2010WinterOlympics.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/OvechkinKuba2010WinterOlympics.jpg/330px-OvechkinKuba2010WinterOlympics.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/OvechkinKuba2010WinterOlympics.jpg/440px-OvechkinKuba2010WinterOlympics.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Ovechkin" title="Alexander Ovechkin">Alexander Ovechkin</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russia_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Russia men's national ice hockey team">Russian men's hockey team</a> moves the puck as <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Czech Republic men's national ice hockey team">Czech Republic's</a> <a href="/wiki/Filip_Kuba" title="Filip Kuba">Filip Kuba</a> defends against him, during the 2010 Olympics.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ice hockey has been played at the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter Olympics</a> since 1924 (and was played at the <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_1920_Summer_Olympics" title="Ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics">summer games in 1920</a>). Hockey is Canada's national winter sport, and Canadians are extremely passionate about the game. The nation has traditionally done very well at the Olympic Games, winning six of the first seven gold medals. By 1956, its amateur club teams and national teams could not compete with the teams of government-supported players from the Soviet Union. The USSR won all but two gold medals from <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_1956_Winter_Olympics" title="Ice hockey at the 1956 Winter Olympics">1956</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_1988_Winter_Olympics" title="Ice hockey at the 1988 Winter Olympics">1988</a>. The United States won its first gold medal in <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_1960_Winter_Olympics" title="Ice hockey at the 1960 Winter Olympics">1960</a>. On the way to winning the gold medal at the <a href="/wiki/1980_Winter_Olympics" title="1980 Winter Olympics">1980 Lake Placid Olympics</a>, amateur US college players defeated the heavily favoured Soviet squad—an event known as the "<a href="/wiki/Miracle_on_Ice" title="Miracle on Ice">Miracle on Ice</a>" in the United States. Restrictions on professional players were fully dropped at the 1988 games in Calgary. NHL agreed to participate ten years later. The 1998 Games saw the full participation of players from the NHL, which suspended operations during the Games and has done so in subsequent Games up until 2018. The <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 games in Vancouver</a> were the first played in an NHL city since the inclusion of NHL players. The 2010 games were the first played on NHL-sized ice rinks, which are narrower than the IIHF standard. </p><p>National teams representing the member federations of the IIHF compete annually in the IIHF Ice Hockey World Championships. Teams are selected from the available players by the individual federations, without restriction on amateur or professional status. Since it is held in the spring, the tournament coincides with the annual NHL Stanley Cup playoffs and many of the top players are hence not available to participate in the tournament. Many of the NHL players who do play in the IIHF tournament come from teams eliminated before the playoffs or in the first round, and federations often hold open spots until the tournament to allow for players to join the tournament after their club team is eliminated. For many years, the tournament was an amateur-only tournament, but this restriction was removed, beginning in 1977. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IIHF16WC_-_Game_FIN_v_BLR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/IIHF16WC_-_Game_FIN_v_BLR.jpg/220px-IIHF16WC_-_Game_FIN_v_BLR.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/IIHF16WC_-_Game_FIN_v_BLR.jpg/330px-IIHF16WC_-_Game_FIN_v_BLR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/IIHF16WC_-_Game_FIN_v_BLR.jpg/440px-IIHF16WC_-_Game_FIN_v_BLR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3180" /></a><figcaption>Skaters from the <a href="/wiki/Finland_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Finland men's national ice hockey team">Finnish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belarus_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Belarus men's national ice hockey team">Belarusian men's ice hockey teams</a> shortly after a <a href="/wiki/Face-off" title="Face-off">face-off</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2016_IIHF_World_Championship" title="2016 IIHF World Championship">2016 IIHF World Championship</a>. The IIHF is an annual national team tournament.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Summit_Series" title="Summit Series">1972 Summit Series</a> and <a href="/wiki/1974_Summit_Series" title="1974 Summit Series">1974 Summit Series</a>, two series pitting the best Canadian and <a href="/wiki/Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet">Soviet</a> players without IIHF restrictions were major successes, and established a rivalry between Canada and the USSR. In the spirit of best-versus-best without restrictions on amateur or professional status, the series were followed by five <a href="/wiki/Canada_Cup_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada Cup (ice hockey)">Canada Cup</a> tournaments, played in North America. Two NHL versus USSR series were also held: the 1979 Challenge Cup and <a href="/wiki/Rendez-vous_%2787" title="Rendez-vous '87">Rendez-vous '87</a>. The Canada Cup tournament later became the World Cup of Hockey, played in 1996, 2004 and 2016. The United States won in 1996 and Canada won in 2004 and 2016. </p><p>Since the initial women's world championships in 1990, there have been fifteen tournaments.<sup id="cite_ref-IIHF_WWC_list_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IIHF_WWC_list-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women's hockey has been played at the Olympics since 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-Hunter_1998_Olympics_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hunter_1998_Olympics-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only finals in the women's world championship or Olympics that did not involve both Canada and the United States were the <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2006_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_tournament" title="Ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics – Women's tournament">2006 Winter Olympic final</a> between Canada and Sweden and <a href="/wiki/2019_IIHF_Women%27s_World_Championship_final" title="2019 IIHF Women's World Championship final">2019 World Championship final</a> between the US and Finland. </p><p>Other ice hockey tournaments featuring national teams include the <a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_Junior_Championship" title="IIHF World Junior Championship">World Junior Championship</a>, the <a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_U18_Championship" title="IIHF World U18 Championship">World U18 Championships</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_U-17_Hockey_Challenge" title="World U-17 Hockey Challenge">World U-17 Hockey Challenge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Junior_A_Challenge" title="World Junior A Challenge">World Junior A Challenge</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Hlinka_Memorial_Tournament" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament">Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament</a>, the <a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_Women%27s_U18_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="IIHF World Women's U18 Championships">World Women's U18 Championships</a> and the <a href="/wiki/4_Nations_Cup" title="4 Nations Cup">4 Nations Cup</a>. The annual <a href="/wiki/Euro_Hockey_Tour" title="Euro Hockey Tour">Euro Hockey Tour</a>, an unofficial European championship between the national men's teams of the Czech Republic, Finland, Russia and Sweden have been played since 1996–97. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attendance_records">Attendance records</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Attendance records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_ice_hockey_games_with_highest_attendance" title="List of ice hockey games with highest attendance">List of ice hockey games with highest attendance</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TheBigChillattheBigHouse.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/TheBigChillattheBigHouse.JPG/220px-TheBigChillattheBigHouse.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/TheBigChillattheBigHouse.JPG/330px-TheBigChillattheBigHouse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/TheBigChillattheBigHouse.JPG/440px-TheBigChillattheBigHouse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Chill_at_the_Big_House" title="The Big Chill at the Big House">The Big Chill at the Big House</a> was a collegiate ice hockey game played at <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Stadium" title="Michigan Stadium">Michigan Stadium</a> in 2010. The game set the attendance record for ice hockey games.</figcaption></figure> <p>The attendance record for an ice hockey game was set on December 11, 2010, when the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Michigan Wolverines men's ice hockey">men's ice hockey team</a> faced cross-state rival <a href="/wiki/Michigan_State_Spartans_men%27s_ice_hockey" title="Michigan State Spartans men's ice hockey">Michigan State</a> in an event billed as "<a href="/wiki/The_Big_Chill_at_the_Big_House" title="The Big Chill at the Big House">The Big Chill at the Big House</a>". The game was played at <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_football" title="Michigan Wolverines football">Michigan's (American) football</a> venue, <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Stadium" title="Michigan Stadium">Michigan Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ann_Arbor,_Michigan" title="Ann Arbor, Michigan">Ann Arbor</a>, with a capacity of 109,901 as of the <a href="/wiki/2010_Michigan_Wolverines_football_team" title="2010 Michigan Wolverines football team">2010 football season</a>. When UM stopped sales to the public on May 6, 2010, with plans to reserve remaining tickets for students, over 100,000 tickets had been sold for the event.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ultimately, a crowd announced by UM as 113,411, the largest in the stadium's history (including football), saw the homestanding Wolverines win 5–0. <i><a href="/wiki/Guinness_World_Records" title="Guinness World Records">Guinness World Records</a></i>, using a count of ticketed fans who actually entered the stadium instead of UM's figure of tickets sold, announced a final figure of 104,173.<sup id="cite_ref-Janela_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janela-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Big_Chill_record_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Big_Chill_record-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The record was approached but not broken at the <a href="/wiki/2014_NHL_Winter_Classic" title="2014 NHL Winter Classic">2014 NHL Winter Classic</a>, which also held at Michigan Stadium, with the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> as the home team and the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> as the opposing team with an announced crowd of 105,491. The record for an NHL Stanley Cup playoff game is 28,183, set on April 23, 1996, at the <a href="/wiki/Thunderdome_(Tampa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thunderdome (Tampa)">Thunderdome</a> during a Tampa Bay Lightning – <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers" title="Philadelphia Flyers">Philadelphia Flyers</a> game.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The attendance record for a professional women's game was set on April 20, 2024, when a sold-out crowd of 21,105 people at the <a href="/wiki/Bell_Centre" title="Bell Centre">Bell Centre</a> in Montreal watched a PWHL game between <a href="/wiki/PWHL_Montreal" class="mw-redirect" title="PWHL Montreal">Montreal</a> and <a href="/wiki/PWHL_Toronto" class="mw-redirect" title="PWHL Toronto">Toronto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_status">International status</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: International status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nokia_Arenan_avajaiset_14.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Nokia_Arenan_avajaiset_14.jpg/220px-Nokia_Arenan_avajaiset_14.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Nokia_Arenan_avajaiset_14.jpg/330px-Nokia_Arenan_avajaiset_14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Nokia_Arenan_avajaiset_14.jpg/440px-Nokia_Arenan_avajaiset_14.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5100" data-file-height="3400" /></a><figcaption>The match between <a href="/wiki/Ilves" title="Ilves">Ilves</a> (yellow and green) and <a href="/wiki/Tappara" title="Tappara">Tappara</a> (blue and orange) on December 3, 2021, at <a href="/wiki/Nokia_Arena_(Tampere)" title="Nokia Arena (Tampere)">Nokia Arena</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tampere" title="Tampere">Tampere</a>, Finland.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ice hockey is most popular in <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_in_Canada" title="Ice hockey in Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_in_Germany" title="Ice hockey in Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_in_Austria" title="Ice hockey in Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_in_Switzerland" title="Ice hockey in Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, and the <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_in_the_United_States" title="Ice hockey in the United States">United States</a>. Ice hockey is the official <a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">national winter sport</a> of Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, ice hockey is the most popular winter Sports in <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Austria" title="Sport in Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Belarus">Belarus</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Sport in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Finland" title="Sport in Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Germany" title="Sport in Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Latvia" title="Sport in Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Russia" title="Sport in Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Slovakia" title="Sport in Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Switzerland" title="Sport in Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Sweden" title="Sport in Sweden">Sweden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Switzerland" title="Sport in Switzerland">Switzerland</a>. <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>'s <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL) is the highest level for men's ice hockey and the strongest professional ice hockey league in the world. The <a href="/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League" title="Kontinental Hockey League">Kontinental Hockey League</a> (KHL) is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">International Ice Hockey Federation</a> (IIHF) is the formal governing body for international ice hockey, with the IIHF managing international tournaments and maintaining the <a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_Ranking" title="IIHF World Ranking">IIHF World Ranking</a>. Worldwide, the International Ice Hockey Federation has 83 member national associations, comprising 60 full members, 22 associate members, and one affiliate member.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In international competitions, the national teams of six countries (the <a href="/wiki/Big_Six_(ice_hockey)" title="Big Six (ice hockey)">Big Six</a>) predominate: <a href="/wiki/Canada_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Canada men's national ice hockey team">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Czech Republic men's national ice hockey team">Czechia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Finland men's national ice hockey team">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Russia men's national ice hockey team">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Sweden men's national ice hockey team">Sweden</a>, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="United States men's national ice hockey team">the United States</a>. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in men's competition at the Olympics, only seven medals were not awarded to one of those countries (or two of their precursors: the Soviet Union for Russia, and Czechoslovakia for Czechia). In the annual <a href="/wiki/Ice_Hockey_World_Championships" title="Ice Hockey World Championships">Ice Hockey World Championships</a>, 177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations; Canada has won the most gold medals. Teams outside the Big Six have won only nine medals in either competition since 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Cup_of_Hockey" title="World Cup of Hockey">World Cup of Hockey</a> is organized by the National Hockey League and the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League_Players%27_Association" title="National Hockey League Players' Association">National Hockey League Players' Association</a> (NHLPA), unlike the annual World Championships and quadrennial Olympic tournament, both run by the International Ice Hockey Federation. World Cup games are played under NHL rules and not those of the IIHF, and the tournament occurs prior to the NHL pre-season, allowing for all NHL players to be available, unlike the World Championships, which overlaps with the NHL's <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup_playoffs" title="Stanley Cup playoffs">Stanley Cup playoffs</a>. Furthermore, all 12 Women's Olympic and 36 <a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_Women%27s_Championship" title="IIHF World Women's Championship">IIHF World Women's Championship</a> medals were awarded to one of the Big Six. The <a href="/wiki/Canada_women%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Canada women's national ice hockey team">Canadian national team</a> or the <a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="United States women's national ice hockey team">United States national team</a> have between them won every gold medal of either series.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Number_of_registered_players_by_country">Number of registered players by country</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Number of registered players by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Number of registered hockey players, including male, female and junior, provided by the respective countries' federations. This list only includes the 36 of 82 IIHF member countries with more than 1,000 registered players as of February 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Country </th> <th>Players </th> <th>% of population </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span>United States</td> <td>556,929</td> <td>0.164% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Canada</td> <td>548,800</td> <td>1.415% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Russia</td> <td>101,819</td> <td>0.070% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Sweden</td> <td>73,585</td> <td>0.693% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span>Finland</td> <td>59,145</td> <td>1.067% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/16px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Switzerland_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span>  </span>Switzerland</td> <td>32,229</td> <td>0.366% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Czech Republic</td> <td>27,078</td> <td>0.258% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Germany</td> <td>23,717</td> <td>0.028% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Japan</td> <td>19,988</td> <td>0.016% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>France</td> <td>19,467</td> <td>0.030% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Slovakia</td> <td>11,829</td> <td>0.204% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span> </span>Norway</td> <td>11,618</td> <td>0.212% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>United Kingdom</td> <td>11,277</td> <td>0.017% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>China</td> <td>10,876</td> <td>0.001% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Belarus</td> <td>10,335</td> <td>0.109% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span>Kazakhstan</td> <td>9,970</td> <td>0.051% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Latvia</td> <td>8,859</td> <td>0.484% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Hungary</td> <td>8,477</td> <td>0.083% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Austria</td> <td>7,557</td> <td>0.084% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span> </span>Australia</td> <td>6,138</td> <td>0.023% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></span></span> </span>Denmark</td> <td>5,944</td> <td>0.101% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>Ukraine</td> <td>5,341</td> <td>0.015% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span>Italy</td> <td>5,136</td> <td>0.009% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>Poland</td> <td>3,928</td> <td>0.010% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>South Korea</td> <td>3,684</td> <td>0.007% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Netherlands</td> <td>3,552</td> <td>0.020% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Belgium</td> <td>2,903</td> <td>0.025% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Kyrgyzstan</td> <td>2,880</td> <td>0.043% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>New Zealand</td> <td>2,347</td> <td>0.045% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span>Romania</td> <td>2,073</td> <td>0.010% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>India</td> <td>1,844</td> <td>0.000% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>North Korea</td> <td>1,595</td> <td>0.006% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span>Turkey</td> <td>1,591</td> <td>0.002% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/46px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span>Lithuania</td> <td>1,445</td> <td>0.053% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span>Estonia</td> <td>1,304</td> <td>0.099% </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span>Argentina</td> <td>1,143</td> <td>0.002% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pond_hockey">Pond hockey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Pond hockey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pond_hockey" title="Pond hockey">Pond hockey</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pond_hockey-LacBeauport2010-b.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pond_hockey-LacBeauport2010-b.JPG/220px-Pond_hockey-LacBeauport2010-b.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pond_hockey-LacBeauport2010-b.JPG/330px-Pond_hockey-LacBeauport2010-b.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Pond_hockey-LacBeauport2010-b.JPG/440px-Pond_hockey-LacBeauport2010-b.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2481" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>A game of <a href="/wiki/Pond_hockey" title="Pond hockey">pond hockey</a> being played in <a href="/wiki/Lac-Beauport,_Quebec" title="Lac-Beauport, Quebec">Lac-Beauport, Quebec</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pond hockey is a form of ice hockey played generally as pick-up hockey on lakes, ponds and artificial outdoor rinks during the winter. Pond hockey is commonly referred to in hockey circles as shinny. Its rules differ from traditional hockey because there is no hitting and very little shooting, placing a greater emphasis on skating, stickhandling and passing abilities. Since 2002, the <a href="/wiki/World_Pond_Hockey_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="World Pond Hockey Championship">World Pond Hockey Championship</a> has been played on Roulston Lake in <a href="/wiki/Tobique_Valley" title="Tobique Valley">Tobique Valley</a>, New Brunswick, Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2006, the <a href="/wiki/US_Pond_Hockey_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="US Pond Hockey Championships">US Pond Hockey Championships</a> have been played in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Pond_Hockey_Championships" title="Canadian National Pond Hockey Championships">Canadian National Pond Hockey Championships</a> have been played in Huntsville, Ontario. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sledge_hockey">Sledge hockey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Sledge hockey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sledge_hockey" title="Sledge hockey">Sledge hockey</a></div> <p>Sledge hockey is an adaption of ice hockey designed for players who have a physical disability. Players are seated in <a href="/wiki/Sled" title="Sled">sleds</a> and use a specialized hockey stick that also helps the player navigate on the ice. The sport was created in Sweden in the early 1960s and is played under similar rules to ice hockey. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_in_popular_culture" title="Ice hockey in popular culture">Ice hockey in popular culture</a></div> <p>Ice hockey is the <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Canada#National_sports" title="Sports in Canada">official winter sport of Canada</a>. Ice hockey, partially because of its popularity as a major professional sport, has been a source of inspiration for numerous films, television episodes and songs in Canadian and American popular culture.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2hockeypucks.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/2hockeypucks.jpg/32px-2hockeypucks.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/2hockeypucks.jpg/48px-2hockeypucks.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/2hockeypucks.jpg/64px-2hockeypucks.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ice_hockey" title="Portal:Ice hockey">Ice hockey portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytics_(ice_hockey)" title="Analytics (ice hockey)">Analytics (ice hockey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_ice_hockey" title="College ice hockey">College ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_ice_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of ice hockey">Glossary of ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_by_country" title="Ice hockey by country">Ice hockey by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_ice_hockey" title="List of films about ice hockey">List of films about ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_ice_hockey" title="Minor ice hockey">Minor ice hockey</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCoxMilesVerdeRhodes1995" class="citation journal cs1">Cox, M. H.; Miles, D. S.; Verde, T. J.; Rhodes, E. C. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hockeystrengthandconditioning.com/Applied%20Physiology%20of%20Ice%20Hockey.pdf">"Applied Physiology of Ice Hockey"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Sports Med</i>. <b>19</b> (3): 184–201. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2165%2F00007256-199519030-00004">10.2165/00007256-199519030-00004</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0112-1642">0112-1642</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7784758">7784758</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:26998630">26998630</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230109091454/http://www.hockeystrengthandconditioning.com/Applied%20Physiology%20of%20Ice%20Hockey.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 9, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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ISBS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Isbs+%E2%80%93+Conference+Proceedings+Archive&rft.atitle=Movement+of+ice+hockey+players&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Dillman&rft.aufirst=Charles+J.&rft.au=Stockholm%2C+Alan+J.&rft.au=Greer%2C+Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fojs.ub.uni-konstanz.de%2Fcpa%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/n-16.7/page-1.html">"National Sports of Canada Act, S.C. 1994, c. 16"</a>. <i>Government of Canada, Justice Laws</i>. 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class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" class="citation web cs1">National Collegiate Athletic Association. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/IH10.pdf">"Ice Hockey 2008–2010 Rules and Interpretations"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. HR–54. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151107011552/http://www.ncaapublications.com/productdownloads/IH10.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on November 7, 2015.</cite><span 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/united-states.html">the original</a> on June 30, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IIHF+About+United+States&rft.pub=Iihf.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2Fiihf-home%2Fcountries%2Funited-states.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180504095134/http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/finland.html">"IIHF About Finland"</a>. Iihf.com. February 10, 1928. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/finland.html">the original</a> on May 4, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IIHF+About+Finland&rft.pub=Iihf.com&rft.date=1928-02-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2Fiihf-home%2Fcountries%2Ffinland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918193810/http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/sweden.html">"IIHF About Sweden"</a>. Iihf.com. March 23, 1912. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/sweden.html">the original</a> on September 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IIHF+About+Sweden&rft.pub=Iihf.com&rft.date=1912-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2Fiihf-home%2Fcountries%2Fsweden.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918160722/http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/switzerland.html">"IIHF About Switzerland"</a>. Iihf.com. November 23, 1908. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/switzerland.html">the original</a> on September 18, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 8,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IIHF+About+Switzerland&rft.pub=Iihf.com&rft.date=1908-11-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2Fiihf-home%2Fcountries%2Fswitzerland.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hunter_1998_Olympics-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_1998_Olympics_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hunter_1998_Olympics_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndria_Hunter" class="citation web cs1">Andria Hunter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070116185502/http://www.whockey.com/int/olympics/1998/">"1998 Winter Olympics"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.whockey.com/int/olympics/1998/">the original</a> on January 16, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1998+Winter+Olympics&rft.au=Andria+Hunter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whockey.com%2Fint%2Folympics%2F1998%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:6_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iihf.com/en/static/42596/general_information">"A Brief History of Women's Hockey"</a>. <i>International Ice Hockey Federation</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231003094343/https://www.iihf.com/en/static/42596/general_information">Archived</a> from the original on October 3, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 7,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Ice+Hockey+Federation&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+Women%27s+Hockey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2Fen%2Fstatic%2F42596%2Fgeneral_information&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IIHF_WWC_list-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IIHF_WWC_list_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IIHF_WWC_list_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061210235637/http://www.iihf.com/archive/WW.pdf">"IIHF World Women's Championships"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">International Ice Hockey Federation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iihf.com//archive/WW.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on December 10, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IIHF+World+Women%27s+Championships&rft.pub=International+Ice+Hockey+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2F%2Farchive%2FWW.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IIHF_Rules_Section_6-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IIHF_Rules_Section_6_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IIHF_Rules_Section_6_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061021194221/http://www.iihf.com/hockey/rules/img/sec6.pdf">"Section 6 – Specific Rules"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>International Ice Hockey Federation Official Rule Book</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">International Ice Hockey Federation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iihf.com/hockey/rules/img/sec6.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 21, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Section+6+%E2%80%93+Specific+Rules&rft.btitle=International+Ice+Hockey+Federation+Official+Rule+Book&rft.pub=International+Ice+Hockey+Federation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2Fhockey%2Frules%2Fimg%2Fsec6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newmarkettoday.ca/local-news/newmarket-author-reveals-untold-stories-of-womens-hockey-history-2126317">"Newmarket author reveals untold stories of women's hockey history"</a>. <i>newmarkettoday.ca</i>. February 28, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220213011141/https://www.newmarkettoday.ca/local-news/newmarket-author-reveals-untold-stories-of-womens-hockey-history-2126317">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newmarkettoday.ca&rft.atitle=Newmarket+author+reveals+untold+stories+of+women%27s+hockey+history&rft.date=2020-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newmarkettoday.ca%2Flocal-news%2Fnewmarket-author-reveals-untold-stories-of-womens-hockey-history-2126317&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Second_Story_Press-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Second_Story_Press_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEtueWilliams1996" class="citation book cs1">Etue, Elizabeth; Williams, Megan (September 11, 1996). <i>On the Edge: Women Making Hockey History</i>. Second Story Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780929005799" title="Special:BookSources/9780929005799"><bdi>9780929005799</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Edge%3A+Women+Making+Hockey+History&rft.pub=Second+Story+Press&rft.date=1996-09-11&rft.isbn=9780929005799&rft.aulast=Etue&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.au=Williams%2C+Megan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smith_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2002" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Beverly (November 27, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/canada-out-to-ring-up-gold-medal/article25427111/">"Canada out to ring up gold medal"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Globe_and_Mail" class="mw-redirect" title="Globe and Mail">Globe and Mail</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211213214002/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/canada-out-to-ring-up-gold-medal/article25427111/">Archived</a> from the original on December 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Globe+and+Mail&rft.atitle=Canada+out+to+ring+up+gold+medal&rft.date=2002-11-27&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Beverly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fsports%2Fcanada-out-to-ring-up-gold-medal%2Farticle25427111%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCullough2018" class="citation web cs1">McCullough, Kim (January 26, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stateofhockey.com/news_article/show/879516-is-girls-hockey-too-rough-">"Is girls' hockey too rough?"</a>. <i>stateofhockey.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220531185152/https://www.stateofhockey.com/news_article/show/879516-is-girls-hockey-too-rough-">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stateofhockey.com&rft.atitle=Is+girls%27+hockey+too+rough%3F&rft.date=2018-01-26&rft.aulast=McCullough&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stateofhockey.com%2Fnews_article%2Fshow%2F879516-is-girls-hockey-too-rough-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Ice_Hockey_Federation" class="citation web cs1">International Ice Hockey Federation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/exclusive/world-hockey-summit/home/attendees/panelists/arto-sieppi">"Director Female Hockey – Arto Sieppi, Finnish Ice Hockey"</a>. <i>hockeycanada.ca</i>. Hockey Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220525235306/https://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/exclusive/world-hockey-summit/home/attendees/panelists/arto-sieppi">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hockeycanada.ca&rft.atitle=Director+Female+Hockey+%E2%80%93+Arto+Sieppi%2C+Finnish+Ice+Hockey&rft.au=International+Ice+Hockey+Federation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hockeycanada.ca%2Fen-ca%2Fexclusive%2Fworld-hockey-summit%2Fhome%2Fattendees%2Fpanelists%2Farto-sieppi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Ice_Hockey_Federation" class="citation web cs1">International Ice Hockey Federation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/exclusive/world-hockey-summit/home/attendees/panelists/peter-elander">"Head Coach – Peter Elander, UND"</a>. <i>hockeycanada.ca</i>. Hockey Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220525234633/https://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/exclusive/world-hockey-summit/home/attendees/panelists/peter-elander">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hockeycanada.ca&rft.atitle=Head+Coach+%E2%80%93+Peter+Elander%2C+UND&rft.au=International+Ice+Hockey+Federation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hockeycanada.ca%2Fen-ca%2Fexclusive%2Fworld-hockey-summit%2Fhome%2Fattendees%2Fpanelists%2Fpeter-elander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-femalehitting-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-femalehitting_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-femalehitting_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathew_Sekeres2009" class="citation web cs1">Mathew Sekeres (September 5, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/too-dainty-to-hit/article4286762/">"Too Dainty to Hit?"</a>. <i>theglobeandmail.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220525233819/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/too-dainty-to-hit/article4286762/">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 25,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=theglobeandmail.com&rft.atitle=Too+Dainty+to+Hit%3F&rft.date=2009-09-05&rft.au=Mathew+Sekeres&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fsports%2Ftoo-dainty-to-hit%2Farticle4286762%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreg_Wyshynski2022" class="citation web cs1">Greg Wyshynski (March 20, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/olympics/hockey/story/_/id/33951467/swedish-women-hockey-league-ok-body-checking-2022-23-season">"Swedish Women's Hockey League to OK bodychecking for 2022–23 season"</a>. <i>espn.com</i>. ESPN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220530214244/https://www.espn.com/olympics/hockey/story/_/id/33951467/swedish-women-hockey-league-ok-body-checking-2022-23-season">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=espn.com&rft.atitle=Swedish+Women%27s+Hockey+League+to+OK+bodychecking+for+2022%E2%80%9323+season&rft.date=2022-03-20&rft.au=Greg+Wyshynski&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Folympics%2Fhockey%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F33951467%2Fswedish-women-hockey-league-ok-body-checking-2022-23-season&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Lennedy2022" class="citation news cs1">Ian Lennedy (March 31, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehockeynews.com/news/swedish-womens-hockey-league-to-introduce-bodychecking">"Swedish Women's Hockey League to Introduce Body Checking"</a>. <i>The Hockey News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220601080843/https://thehockeynews.com/news/swedish-womens-hockey-league-to-introduce-bodychecking">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 31,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hockey+News&rft.atitle=Swedish+Women%27s+Hockey+League+to+Introduce+Body+Checking&rft.date=2022-03-31&rft.au=Ian+Lennedy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehockeynews.com%2Fnews%2Fswedish-womens-hockey-league-to-introduce-bodychecking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonkin2024" class="citation news cs1">Donkin, Karissa (January 6, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/pwhl/pwhl-physicality-officiating-2024-1.7076009">"PWHL showcases physicality of women's game, with full approval from players"</a>. <i>CBC Sports</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240106093359/https://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/pwhl/pwhl-physicality-officiating-2024-1.7076009">Archived</a> from the original on January 6, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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May 10, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201124054142/https://www.iihf.com/en/news/9527/european-attendance-ranking">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+attendance+ranking&rft.pub=IIHF.com&rft.date=2019-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2F9527%2Feuropean-attendance-ranking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190214174736/https://www.championshockeyleague.com/en/statistics#tab_statistics=teams&select_statistics=0">"Statistics: Teams"</a>. championshockeyleague.net. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 10,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+Hockey+League+attendance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.federalhockey.com%2Fstats%23%2F182%2Fattendance%3Fdivision_id%3D5318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hockeydb.com/nhl-attendance/att_graph_season.php?lid=LNAH2005&sid=2019">"Ligue Nord-Americaine de Hockey 2018–19 Attendance Graph"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/HockeyDB" title="HockeyDB">HockeyDB</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507123117/https://www.hockeydb.com/nhl-attendance/att_graph_season.php?lid=LNAH2005&sid=2019">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Ice+hockey&rft.aulast=Fischler&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft.au=Eskenazi%2C+Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fsports%2Fice-hockey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:12_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Hockey-League">"National Hockey League (NHL)"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220629052224/https://www.britannica.com/topic/National-Hockey-League">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 9,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Seattle+Kraken+officially+become+NHL%27s+32nd+team+after+final+expansion+payment&rft.date=2021-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportsnet.ca%2Fnhl%2Farticle%2Fseattle-kraken-officially-become-nhls-32nd-team-final-expansion-payment%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonkin2024" class="citation news cs1">Donkin, Karissa (January 5, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/pwhl/pwhl-roundup-jan-4-1.7074704">"Players beaming as physical play, new rules and historic moments highlight PWHL's 1st week"</a>. <i>CBC Sports</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240105232750/https://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/pwhl/pwhl-roundup-jan-4-1.7074704">Archived</a> from the original on January 5, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+Sports&rft.atitle=Players+beaming+as+physical+play%2C+new+rules+and+historic+moments+highlight+PWHL%27s+1st+week&rft.date=2024-01-05&rft.aulast=Donkin&rft.aufirst=Karissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fsports%2Fhockey%2Fpwhl%2Fpwhl-roundup-jan-4-1.7074704&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100526162157/http://www.mgoblue.com/sports/m-hockey/spec-rel/050610aac.html">"Ticket Freeze for The Big Chill at the Big House Presented by Arby's"</a> (Press release). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Highest+ice+hockey+game+attendance&rft.pub=guinnessworldrecords.com&rft.date=2010-12-14&rft.aulast=Janela&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcommunity.guinnessworldrecords.com%2F_Highest-ice-hockey-game-attendance%2FBLOG%2F3099369%2F7691.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Big_Chill_record-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Big_Chill_record_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/college-sports/news/story?id=5909615">"Record crowd watches hockey game"</a>. ESPN. Associated Press. December 11, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101214104735/http://sports.espn.go.com/ncaa/news/story?id=5909615">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Record+crowd+watches+hockey+game&rft.date=2010-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fcollege-sports%2Fnews%2Fstory%3Fid%3D5909615&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHackel2009" class="citation news cs1">Hackel, Stu (January 2, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slapshot.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/01/02/the-morning-skate-assessing-the-winter-classic-and-don-sandersons-passing/">"The Morning Skate: Assessing the Winter Classic"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100618231028/http://slapshot.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/01/02/the-morning-skate-assessing-the-winter-classic-and-don-sandersons-passing/">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Morning+Skate%3A+Assessing+the+Winter+Classic&rft.date=2009-01-02&rft.aulast=Hackel&rft.aufirst=Stu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fslapshot.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F01%2F02%2Fthe-morning-skate-assessing-the-winter-classic-and-don-sandersons-passing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFamclellan2024" class="citation web cs1">amclellan (April 20, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thepwhl.com/en/professional-womens-hockey-league-pwhl-sets-world-record-for-attendance">"PROFESSIONAL WOMEN'S HOCKEY LEAGUE (PWHL) SETS WORLD RECORD FOR ATTENDANCE"</a>. <i>www.thepwhl.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thepwhl.com&rft.atitle=PROFESSIONAL+WOMEN%27S+HOCKEY+LEAGUE+%28PWHL%29+SETS+WORLD+RECORD+FOR+ATTENDANCE&rft.date=2024-04-20&rft.au=amclellan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thepwhl.com%2Fen%2Fprofessional-womens-hockey-league-pwhl-sets-world-record-for-attendance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/National_Sports_of_Canada_Act" class="extiw" title="s:National Sports of Canada Act">National Sports of Canada Act</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/">"Member National Associations"</a>. <i>International Ice Hockey Federation</i>. IIHF. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180921152900/http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/">Archived</a> from the original on September 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Ice+Hockey+Federation&rft.atitle=Member+National+Associations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2Fiihf-home%2Fthe-iihf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Including former incarnations of them, such as <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> or the Soviet Union.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/all-medallists/men.html">"IIHF World Championships: All Medalists: Men"</a>. Iihf.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091126014556/http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/all-medallists/men.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IIHF+World+Championships%3A+All+Medalists%3A+Men&rft.pub=Iihf.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2Fiihf-home%2Fhistory%2Fall-medallists%2Fmen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/all-medallists/women.html">"IIHF World Championships: All Medalists: Women"</a>. Iihf.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121015001653/http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/all-medallists/women.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IIHF+World+Championships%3A+All+Medalists%3A+Women&rft.pub=Iihf.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2Fiihf-home%2Fhistory%2Fall-medallists%2Fwomen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/all-medallists/olympics/women.html">"Olympic Ice Hockey Tournaments: All Medalists:Women"</a>. Iihf.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526162230/http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/all-medallists/olympics/women.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 26, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Olympic+Ice+Hockey+Tournaments%3A+All+Medalists%3AWomen&rft.pub=Iihf.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2Fiihf-home%2Fhistory%2Fall-medallists%2Folympics%2Fwomen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iihf.com/en/associations">"Member National Associations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">IIHF</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201225211346/https://www.iihf.com/en/associations">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Member+National+Associations&rft.pub=IIHF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2Fen%2Fassociations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/population-by-country/">"Countries in the world by population (2024)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Worldometer" title="Worldometer">Worldometer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221115131411/https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/population-by-country/">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Countries+in+the+world+by+population+%282024%29&rft.pub=Worldometer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldometers.info%2Fworld-population%2Fpopulation-by-country%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldpondhockey.ca/en/home/history">"History of the World Pond Hockey Championship"</a>. <i>worldpondhockey.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171204222851/http://worldpondhockey.ca/en/home/history">Archived</a> from the original on December 4, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldpondhockey.ca&rft.atitle=History+of+the+World+Pond+Hockey+Championship&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldpondhockey.ca%2Fen%2Fhome%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuir2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Muir, Allan (September 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.com/nhl/home-ice/2013/09/14/the-10-unlikeliest-hockey-references-in-pop-culture-history">"The 10 unlikeliest hockey references in pop culture history"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sports_Illustrated" title="Sports Illustrated">Sports Illustrated</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170926143114/https://www.si.com/nhl/home-ice/2013/09/14/the-10-unlikeliest-hockey-references-in-pop-culture-history">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 25,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&rft.atitle=The+10+unlikeliest+hockey+references+in+pop+culture+history&rft.date=2013-09-14&rft.aulast=Muir&rft.aufirst=Allan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fnhl%2Fhome-ice%2F2013%2F09%2F14%2Fthe-10-unlikeliest-hockey-references-in-pop-culture-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicks2002" class="citation book cs1">Nicks, Joan (March 1, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=skTVwTzT27cC&pg=PA321"><i>Slippery Pastimes: Reading the Popular in Canadian Culture</i></a>. Waterloo, Ontario: <a href="/wiki/Wilfrid_Laurier_University_Press" title="Wilfrid Laurier University Press">Wilfrid Laurier University Press</a>. p. 321. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-889-20388-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-889-20388-1"><bdi>0-889-20388-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123144118/https://books.google.com/books?id=skTVwTzT27cC&pg=PA321">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slippery+Pastimes%3A+Reading+the+Popular+in+Canadian+Culture&rft.place=Waterloo%2C+Ontario&rft.pages=321&rft.pub=Wilfrid+Laurier+University+Press&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.isbn=0-889-20388-1&rft.aulast=Nicks&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DskTVwTzT27cC%26pg%3DPA321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDryden2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Dryden" title="Ken Dryden">Dryden, Ken</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/game00kend"><i>The Game: 20th Anniversary Edition</i></a>. Toronto: Wiley Canada. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-83584-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-83584-5"><bdi>978-0-470-83584-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Game%3A+20th+Anniversary+Edition&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Wiley+Canada&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-470-83584-5&rft.aulast=Dryden&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgame00kend&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrell1899" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Farrell" title="Arthur Farrell">Farrell, Arthur</a> (1899). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epe.lac-bac.gc.ca/100/200/300/corneil_cr/hockey/hockey_canadas_royal_winter_game.pdf"><i>Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Library_and_Archives_Canada" title="Library and Archives Canada">Library and Archives Canada</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hockey%3A+Canada%27s+Royal+Winter+Game&rft.pub=Library+and+Archives+Canada&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Farrell&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepe.lac-bac.gc.ca%2F100%2F200%2F300%2Fcorneil_cr%2Fhockey%2Fhockey_canadas_royal_winter_game.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinnigan1992" class="citation book cs1">Finnigan, Joan (1992). <i>Old Scores, New Goals: The Story of the Ottawa Senators</i>. Kingston, Ontario: Quarry Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55082-041-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-55082-041-9"><bdi>1-55082-041-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+Scores%2C+New+Goals%3A+The+Story+of+the+Ottawa+Senators&rft.place=Kingston%2C+Ontario&rft.pub=Quarry+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=1-55082-041-9&rft.aulast=Finnigan&rft.aufirst=Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelke1962" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_J._Selke" title="Frank J. Selke">Selke, Frank</a> (1962). <i>Behind the Cheering</i>. Toronto, Ontario: McClelland and Stewart Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Behind+the+Cheering&rft.place=Toronto%2C+Ontario&rft.pub=McClelland+and+Stewart+Ltd&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=Selke&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVaughan1996" class="citation book cs1">Vaughan, Garth (1996). <i>The Puck Starts Here: The Origin of Canada's Great Winter Game, Ice Hockey</i>. Fredericton, NB, Canada: Goose Lane Editions. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0864922124" title="Special:BookSources/0864922124"><bdi>0864922124</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Puck+Starts+Here%3A+The+Origin+of+Canada%27s+Great+Winter+Game%2C+Ice+Hockey&rft.place=Fredericton%2C+NB%2C+Canada&rft.pub=Goose+Lane+Editions&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0864922124&rft.aulast=Vaughan&rft.aufirst=Garth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarariDave_Ominsky1997" class="citation book cs1">Harari, P. J; Dave Ominsky (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XrhMDHrpAa4C&q=Ice%20hockey&pg=PP1"><i>Ice Hockey Made Simple: A Spectator's Guide</i></a>. First Base Sports In. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8334-4189-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-8334-4189-5"><bdi>3-8334-4189-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123144147/https://books.google.com/books?id=XrhMDHrpAa4C&q=Ice%20hockey&pg=PP1">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ice+Hockey+Made+Simple%3A+A+Spectator%27s+Guide&rft.pub=First+Base+Sports+In&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=3-8334-4189-5&rft.aulast=Harari&rft.aufirst=P.+J&rft.au=Dave+Ominsky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXrhMDHrpAa4C%26q%3DIce%2520hockey%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcFarlane1997" class="citation book cs1">McFarlane, Brian (1997). <i>Brian McFarlane's History of Hockey</i>. Champaign, Illinois: Sports Publishing Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57167-145-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-57167-145-5"><bdi>1-57167-145-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brian+McFarlane%27s+History+of+Hockey&rft.place=Champaign%2C+Illinois&rft.pub=Sports+Publishing+Inc&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-57167-145-5&rft.aulast=McFarlane&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinley2006" class="citation book cs1">McKinley, Michael (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fCAL2ysKFWoC"><i>Hockey: A People's History</i></a>. McClelland & Stewart. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7710-5769-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7710-5769-5"><bdi>0-7710-5769-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123144119/https://books.google.com/books?id=fCAL2ysKFWoC">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 11,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hockey%3A+A+People%27s+History&rft.pub=McClelland+%26+Stewart&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7710-5769-5&rft.aulast=McKinley&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfCAL2ysKFWoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMüller2005" class="citation book cs1">Müller, Stephan (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=huA3Y4pU9noC&q=Ice%20hockey&pg=PP1"><i>International Ice Hockey Encyclopaedia: 1904–2005</i></a>. Books on Demand. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8334-4189-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8334-4189-9"><bdi>978-3-8334-4189-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123144120/https://books.google.com/books?id=huA3Y4pU9noC&q=Ice%20hockey&pg=PP1">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Ice+Hockey+Encyclopaedia%3A+1904%E2%80%932005&rft.pub=Books+on+Demand&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-3-8334-4189-9&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Stephan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhuA3Y4pU9noC%26q%3DIce%2520hockey%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearsallAshare2003" class="citation book cs1">Pearsall, David; Ashare, Alan (2003). <i>Safety in Ice Hockey</i>. Philadelphia: Astm International.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Safety+in+Ice+Hockey&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Astm+International&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Pearsall&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Ashare%2C+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeekes2005" class="citation book cs1">Weekes, Don (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=31znPJH56zAC&pg=PP1"><i>The Big Book of Hockey Trivia</i></a>. Greystone Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55365-119-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-55365-119-7"><bdi>1-55365-119-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230123144508/https://books.google.com/books?id=31znPJH56zAC&pg=PP1">Archived</a> from the original on January 23, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Big+Book+of+Hockey+Trivia&rft.pub=Greystone+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-55365-119-7&rft.aulast=Weekes&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D31znPJH56zAC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIce+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Ice_hockey" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Category:Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> </b></i> </div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/National_Sports_of_Canada_Act" class="extiw" title="wikisource:National Sports of Canada Act">National Sports of Canada Act</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" 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alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Ice_hockey_in_North_America#Q41466" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Ice hockey in North America">Ice hockey in North America</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130201014131/http://canadiantirehockeyschool.ca/video/mandatory-equipment">Mandatory Equipment</a> – Canadian Tire Hockey School</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140325232535/http://www.sihrhockey.org/origins_main.cfm">The Origins of Hockey</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sihrhockey.org/2020/origins/">Hockey Origins Reference Database</a> – Society for International Hockey Research</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hockey-history.com">History of ice hockey</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hockeymap.com/">Map of College & Pro Ice Hockey Teams in Canada and US</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ice_hockey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ice_hockey_navbox" title="Template:Ice hockey navbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ice_hockey_navbox" title="Template talk:Ice hockey navbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ice_hockey_navbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ice hockey navbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ice_hockey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ice hockey</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ice_hockey" title="History of ice hockey">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ice_hockey_leagues" title="List of ice hockey leagues">Leagues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_ice_hockey_teams" title="List of national ice hockey teams">Teams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_equipment" title="Ice hockey equipment">Equipment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooperalls" title="Cooperalls">Cooperalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_goaltending_equipment" title="Ice hockey goaltending equipment">Goaltending equipment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocker_(ice_hockey)" title="Blocker (ice hockey)">Blocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goaltender_mask" title="Goaltender mask">Mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trapper_(ice_hockey)" title="Trapper (ice hockey)">Trapper</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glove_(ice_hockey)" title="Glove (ice hockey)">Glove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_puck" title="Hockey puck">Puck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_skate" title="Ice skate">Skate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_stick" title="Ice hockey stick">Stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Hockey tape">Tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-Blades" title="T-Blades">T-Blades</a></li> <li>Uniform <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_helmet" title="Hockey helmet">Helmet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_jersey" title="Hockey jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_pants" title="Hockey pants">Pants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_sock" title="Hockey sock">Socks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skate_guard" title="Skate guard">Skate guard</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ice_hockey_icon_nocircle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ice_hockey_icon_nocircle.svg/70px-Ice_hockey_icon_nocircle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ice_hockey_icon_nocircle.svg/105px-Ice_hockey_icon_nocircle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Ice_hockey_icon_nocircle.svg/140px-Ice_hockey_icon_nocircle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="362" data-file-height="471" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Positions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Goaltender" title="Goaltender">Goaltender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenceman" title="Defenceman">Defenceman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_(ice_hockey)" title="Centre (ice hockey)">Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_(ice_hockey)" title="Forward (ice hockey)">Forward</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_forward_(ice_hockey)" title="Power forward (ice hockey)">Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-way_forward" title="Two-way forward">Two-way</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winger_(ice_hockey)" title="Winger (ice hockey)">Winger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captain_(ice_hockey)" title="Captain (ice hockey)">Captain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coach_(ice_hockey)" title="Coach (ice hockey)">Coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enforcer_(ice_hockey)" title="Enforcer (ice hockey)">Enforcer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinder_(ice_hockey)" title="Grinder (ice hockey)">Grinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pest_(ice_hockey)" title="Pest (ice hockey)">Pest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rover_(ice_hockey)" title="Rover (ice hockey)">Rover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_rules" title="Ice hockey rules">Rules</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_arena" title="Ice hockey arena">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awarded_goal" title="Awarded goal">Awarded goal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_(ice_hockey)" title="Boarding (ice hockey)">Boarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakaway_(ice_hockey)" title="Breakaway (ice hockey)">Breakaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charging_(ice_hockey)" title="Charging (ice hockey)">Charging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipping_(ice_hockey)" title="Clipping (ice hockey)">Clipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-checking" title="Cross-checking">Cross-checking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delay_of_game_(ice_hockey)" title="Delay of game (ice hockey)">Delay of game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face-off" title="Face-off">Face-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goal_(ice_hockey)" title="Goal (ice hockey)">Goal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halifax_Rules" title="Halifax Rules">Halifax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holding_the_stick" title="Holding the stick">Holding the stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hooking_(ice_hockey)" title="Hooking (ice hockey)">Hooking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icing_(ice_hockey)" title="Icing (ice hockey)">Icing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Official_(ice_hockey)" title="Official (ice hockey)">Officials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offside_(ice_hockey)" title="Offside (ice hockey)">Offside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overtime_(ice_hockey)" title="Overtime (ice hockey)">Overtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penalty_(ice_hockey)" title="Penalty (ice hockey)">Penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penalty_shot_(ice_hockey)" title="Penalty shot (ice hockey)">Penalty shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_rink" title="Ice hockey rink">Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roughing" title="Roughing">Roughing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-handed" title="Short-handed">Short-handed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot_(ice_hockey)" title="Shot (ice hockey)">Shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slot_(ice_hockey)" title="Slot (ice hockey)">Slot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripping_(ice_hockey)" title="Tripping (ice hockey)">Tripping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuck_rule_(ice_hockey)" title="Tuck rule (ice hockey)">Tuck rule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Skills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_style" title="Butterfly style">Butterfly style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deke_(ice_hockey)" title="Deke (ice hockey)">Deke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_timer" title="One timer">One timer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pass_(ice_hockey)" title="Pass (ice hockey)">Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saucer_pass" title="Saucer pass">Saucer pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snap_shot_(ice_hockey)" title="Snap shot (ice hockey)">Snap shot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrist_shot" title="Wrist shot">Wrist shot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broomball" title="Broomball">Broomball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_ice_hockey" title="College ice hockey">College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy_hockey" title="Fantasy hockey">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_ice_hockey" title="Minor ice hockey">Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pond_hockey" title="Pond hockey">Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_hockey" title="Power hockey">Power‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rink_bandy" title="Rink bandy">Rink bandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinny" title="Shinny">Shinny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sledge_hockey" title="Sledge hockey">Sledge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_hockey" title="Special hockey">Special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_hockey" title="Table hockey">Table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_hockey" title="Underwater hockey">Underwater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Strategy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytics_(ice_hockey)" title="Analytics (ice hockey)">Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backcheck" title="Backcheck">Backcheck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breakaway_(ice_hockey)" title="Breakaway (ice hockey)">Breakaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Checking_(ice_hockey)" title="Checking (ice hockey)">Checking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_(ice_hockey)" title="Cycling (ice hockey)">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dump%27n%27Chase" title="Dump'n'Chase">Dump'n'Chase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extra_attacker" title="Extra attacker">Extra attacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forecheck" title="Forecheck">Forecheck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left_wing_lock" title="Left wing lock">Left wing lock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_(ice_hockey)" title="Line (ice hockey)">Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loafing_(ice_hockey)" title="Loafing (ice hockey)">Loafing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neutral_zone_trap" title="Neutral zone trap">Neutral zone trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screen_(ice_hockey)" title="Screen (ice hockey)">Screen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_system" title="Torpedo system">Torpedo system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gameplay</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/200-foot_game" title="200-foot game">200-foot game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assist_(ice_hockey)" title="Assist (ice hockey)">Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_(ice_hockey)" title="Diving (ice hockey)">Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empty_net_goal" title="Empty net goal">Empty net goal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-hole" title="Five-hole">Five-hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_strength" title="Full strength">Full strength</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordie_Howe_hat_trick" title="Gordie Howe hat trick">Gordie Howe hat trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-sticking" title="High-sticking">High-sticking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan_goal" title="Michigan goal">Michigan goal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_point_(ice_hockey)" title="The point (ice hockey)">Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_(goaltender)" title="Save (goaltender)">Save</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoring_chance" title="Scoring chance">Scoring chance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scramble_style" title="Scramble style">Scramble style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot_on_goal_(ice_hockey)" title="Shot on goal (ice hockey)">Shot on goal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skatemill" title="Skatemill">Skatemill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slapshot" title="Slapshot">Slapshot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_stop" title="Hockey stop">Stop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_first_puck" title="Ceremonial first puck">Ceremonial first puck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockeytown" title="Hockeytown">Hockeytown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playoff_beard" title="Playoff beard">Playoff beard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puck_bunny" title="Puck bunny">Puck bunny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_stars_(ice_hockey)" title="Three stars (ice hockey)">Three stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towel_Power" title="Towel Power">Towel Power</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytics_(ice_hockey)" title="Analytics (ice hockey)">Analytics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ice_hockey_arenas_by_capacity" title="List of ice hockey arenas by capacity">Arenas by capacity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_outdoor_ice_hockey_games" title="List of outdoor ice hockey games">Outdoor games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ice_hockey_games_with_highest_attendance" title="List of ice hockey games with highest attendance">Games with highest attendance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_about_ice_hockey" title="List of films about ice hockey">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenwick_(statistic)" title="Fenwick (statistic)">Fenwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_(ice_hockey)" title="Point (ice hockey)">Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shot_quality" title="Shot quality">Shot quality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_broadcasting" title="Ice hockey broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_in_ice_hockey" title="Fighting in ice hockey">Fighting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ice_hockey_line_nicknames" title="List of ice hockey line nicknames">Nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_in_popular_culture" title="Ice hockey in popular culture">In popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_in_ice_hockey" title="Violence in ice hockey">Violence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ice_hockey" title="Category:Ice hockey">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:ice_hockey" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:ice hockey">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Ice_Hockey_Federation_(IIHF)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IIHF" title="Template:IIHF"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IIHF" title="Template talk:IIHF"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IIHF" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IIHF"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Ice_Hockey_Federation_(IIHF)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">International Ice Hockey Federation</a> (IIHF)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">World Championships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_Hockey_World_Championships" title="Ice Hockey World Championships">Ice Hockey World Championships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_Junior_Championship" title="IIHF World Junior Championship">U20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_U18_Championship" title="IIHF World U18 Championship">U18</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_Women%27s_Championship" title="IIHF World Women's Championship">World Women's Championship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_Women%27s_U18_Championship" title="IIHF World Women's U18 Championship">U18</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_Inline_Hockey_World_Championship" title="IIHF Inline Hockey World Championship">Inline Hockey World Championship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Ice hockey at the Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champions_Hockey_League" title="Champions Hockey League">Champions Hockey League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_Continental_Cup" title="IIHF Continental Cup">Continental Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_IIHF_Asia_Championship" title="2025 IIHF Asia Championship">Asia Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_Asia_and_Oceania_Championship" title="IIHF Asia and Oceania Championship">Asia and Oceania Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_Development_Cup" title="IIHF Development Cup">Development Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Trophy" title="European Trophy">European Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champions_Hockey_League_(2008%E2%80%9309)" title="Champions Hockey League (2008–09)">Champions Hockey League (2008–09)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Cup_(ice_hockey)" title="Victoria Cup (ice hockey)">Victoria Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_European_Champions_Cup" title="IIHF European Champions Cup">European Champions Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_European_Cup" title="IIHF European Cup">European Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_Super_Cup" title="IIHF Super Cup">Super Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_Hockey_European_Championships" title="Ice Hockey European Championships">European Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_European_Women_Championships" title="IIHF European Women Championships">European Women Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_European_Junior_Championships" title="IIHF European Junior Championships">European Junior Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_European_Women%27s_Champions_Cup" title="IIHF European Women's Champions Cup">European Women's Champions Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_Asian_Oceanic_U18_Championships" title="IIHF Asian Oceanic U18 Championships">Asian Oceanic U18 Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_Women%27s_Challenge" title="IIHF World Women's Challenge">World Women's Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Ice_Hockey_Tournament" title="Pan American Ice Hockey Tournament">Pan American Tournament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards and honors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_Hall_of_Fame" title="IIHF Hall of Fame">Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Loicq_Award" title="Paul Loicq Award">Paul Loicq Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torriani_Award" title="Torriani Award">Torriani Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_Centennial_All-Star_Team" title="IIHF Centennial All-Star Team">Centennial All-Star Team</a></li> <li>Player of the Year (<a href="/wiki/IIHF_Female_Player_of_the_Year" title="IIHF Female Player of the Year">Female</a>, <a href="/wiki/IIHF_Male_Player_of_the_Year" title="IIHF Male Player of the Year">Male</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_Ranking" title="IIHF World Ranking">World Ranking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_IIHF_World_Rankings" title="List of IIHF World Rankings">Past</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="List of members of the International Ice Hockey Federation">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_ice_hockey_teams" title="List of national ice hockey teams">Teams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Gold_Club" title="Triple Gold Club">Triple Gold Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Association" title="International Ice Hockey Association">International Ice Hockey Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="Category:International Ice Hockey Federation">Category:International Ice Hockey Federation</a></dt></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Team_sports" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Team_sports" title="Template:Team sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Team_sports" title="Template talk:Team sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Team_sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Team sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Team_sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">Team sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">Governing bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">National sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_sportspeople" title="Lists of sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion games">Invasion games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basket sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_basketball" class="mw-redirect" title="Beach basketball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaf_basketball" title="Deaf basketball">deaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3x3_basketball" title="3x3 basketball">3x3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_basketball" title="Water basketball">water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_basketball" title="Wheelchair basketball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cestoball" title="Cestoball">Cestoball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dueball" title="Dueball">Dueball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korfball" title="Korfball">Korfball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">Netball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast5_netball" title="Fast5 netball">Fast5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_netball" title="Indoor netball">indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_netball" title="Wheelchair netball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezball" title="Rezball">Rezball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringball" title="Ringball">Ringball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slamball" class="mw-redirect" title="Slamball">Slamball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Football" title="Football">Football</a><br />codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFLX" title="AFLX">AFLX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_football" title="Lightning football">Lightning football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_footy" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro footy">Metro footy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-a-side_footy" title="Nine-a-side footy">Nine-a-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec_footy" title="Rec footy">Rec footy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Gaelic_football" title="Ladies' Gaelic football">Ladies'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_rules_football" title="Circle rules football">Circle rules football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asocciation_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Asocciation football">Asocciation football</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amputee_football" title="Amputee football">amputee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_soccer" title="Beach soccer">beach soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_football" title="Freestyle football">freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_soccer" title="Indoor soccer">Indoor soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minifootball" title="Minifootball">minifootball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_football" title="Paralympic football">paralympic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerchair_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Powerchair Football">powerchair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_soccer" title="Roller soccer">roller soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socca" title="Socca">socca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_football_(association_football)" title="Street football (association football)">street</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gridiron_football" title="Gridiron football">Gridiron</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eight-man_football" title="Eight-man football">eight-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-man_football" title="Nine-man football">nine-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-man_football" title="Six-man football">six-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_football" title="Sprint football">sprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_football_(American)" title="Touch football (American)">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_Football_(American)" title="Wheelchair Football (American)">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">Arena football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hybrid_sports" title="List of hybrid sports">Hybrid</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austus" title="Austus">Austus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eton_wall_game" title="Eton wall game">Eton wall game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rules_football" title="International rules football">International rules football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_rules" title="Samoa rules">Samoa rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedball_(American_ball_game)" title="Speedball (American ball game)">Speedball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_football_(code)" title="Swedish football (code)">Swedish football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_football" title="Universal football">Universal football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volata" title="Volata">Volata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_football" title="Medieval football">Medieval/historical<br />football</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba game">Ba game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caid_(sport)" title="Caid (sport)">Caid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcio_Fiorentino" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcio Fiorentino">Calcio fiorentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camping_(game)" title="Camping (game)">Camping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">Cornish hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuju" title="Cuju">Cuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpastum" title="Harpastum">Harpastum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemari" title="Kemari">Kemari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_soule" title="La soule">La soule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelo_burti" title="Lelo burti">Lelo burti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marn_Grook" title="Marn Grook">Marn grook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasuckuakohowog" title="Pasuckuakohowog">Pasuckuakohowog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Shrovetide_Football" title="Royal Shrovetide Football">Royal Shrovetide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppies_and_Downies" title="Uppies and Downies">Uppies and downies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">Rugby</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">Rugby league</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masters_Rugby_League" title="Masters Rugby League">masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_league" title="Mod league">mod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_nines" title="Rugby league nines">nines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_sevens" title="Rugby league sevens">sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_rugby" title="Tag rugby">tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby_league" title="Wheelchair rugby league">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_flag_rugby" title="American flag rugby">American flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_rugby" title="Beach rugby">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_rugby" title="Mini rugby">mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_rugby" title="Snow rugby">snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_rugby" title="Tag rugby">tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambo_rugby" title="Tambo rugby">Tambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_rugby" title="Touch rugby">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_tens" title="Rugby tens">tens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_X" title="Rugby X">X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_(sport)" title="Touch (sport)">Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby" title="Wheelchair rugby">Wheelchair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other related codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuju" title="Cuju">Cuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%AB-o-rahi" title="Kī-o-rahi">Kī-o-rahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jegichagi" title="Jegichagi">Jegichagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubi_lakpi" title="Yubi lakpi">Yubi lakpi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stick-and-ball<br />sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando_(sport)" title="Bando (sport)">Bando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cammag" title="Cammag">Cammag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateball" title="Gateball">Gateball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camogie" title="Camogie">Camogie</a></li> <li>Super11s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_rules_shinty%E2%80%93hurling" title="Composite rules shinty–hurling">Shinty–Hurling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_North_American_stickball" title="Indigenous North American stickball">Indigenous North American stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iomain" title="Iomain">Iomain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knattleikr" title="Knattleikr">Knattleikr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knotty" title="Knotty">Knotty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">Lacrosse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_lacrosse" title="Box lacrosse">box/indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_lacrosse" title="Field lacrosse">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercrosse" title="Intercrosse">intercrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_lacrosse" title="Women's lacrosse">women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritinis" title="Ritinis">Ritinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinty" title="Shinty">Shinty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composite_rules_shinty%E2%80%93hurling" title="Composite rules shinty–hurling">Shinty–Hurling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey">Hockey</a> sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_hockey" title="Ball hockey">Ball hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">Bandy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rink_bandy" title="Rink bandy">rink</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broomball" title="Broomball">Broomball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Field hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_hockey" title="Indoor hockey">indoor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_hockey" title="Floor hockey">Floor hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floorball" title="Floorball">Floorball</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ice hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pond_hockey" title="Pond hockey">pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_hockey" title="Power hockey">power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sledge_hockey" title="Sledge hockey">ice sledge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringette" title="Ringette">Ringette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinkball" title="Rinkball">Rinkball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey" title="Roller hockey">Roller hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roller_in-line_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Roller in-line hockey">in-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey_(quad)" title="Roller hockey (quad)">quad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossall_Hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossall Hockey">Rossall hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinny" title="Shinny">Shinny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_hockey" title="Street hockey">Street hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_hockey" title="Underwater hockey">Underwater hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle_hockey" title="Unicycle hockey">Unicycle hockey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a> sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_polo" title="Auto polo">Auto polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_polo" title="Cowboy polo">Cowboy polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_polo" title="Cycle polo">Cycle polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_polo" title="Elephant polo">Elephant polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobby_horse_polo" title="Hobby horse polo">Hobby horse polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseball" title="Horseball">Horseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motoball" title="Motoball">Motoball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pato" title="Pato">Pato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_polo" title="Arena polo">Arena polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chovgan" title="Chovgan">Chovgan</a></li> <li>Snow polo</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polocrosse" title="Polocrosse">Polocrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segway_polo" title="Segway polo">Segway polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak_polo" title="Yak polo">Yak polo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other ball sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angleball" title="Angleball">Angleball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_ball" title="Cycle ball">Cycle ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodgeball" title="Dodgeball">Dodgeball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flickerball" title="Flickerball">Flickerball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gain-ground" title="Gain-ground">Gain-ground</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balle_%C3%A0_la_main" title="Balle à la main">Balle à la main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballon_au_poing" title="Ballon au poing">Ballon au poing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeu_de_paume" title="Jeu de paume">Jeu de paume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longue_paume" title="Longue paume">Longue paume</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goalball" title="Goalball">Goalball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">Handball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_handball" title="Beach handball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_handball" title="Czech handball">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_handball" title="Field handball">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_handball" title="Wheelchair handball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaatsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaatsen">Kaatsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kin-Ball" title="Kin-Ball">Kin-Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagori" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagori">Lagori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballgame" title="Mesoamerican ballgame">Mesoamerican ballgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelota_mixteca" title="Pelota mixteca">Pelota mixteca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisonball" title="Prisonball">Prisonball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushball" title="Pushball">Pushball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quidditch_(real-life_sport)" title="Quidditch (real-life sport)">Quidditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_ball" title="Roll ball">Roll ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamburello" title="Tamburello">Tamburello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchoukball" title="Tchoukball">Tchoukball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulama_(game)" title="Ulama (game)">Ulama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_pilota" title="Valencian pilota">Valencian pilota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Llargues" title="Llargues">Llargues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlyball" title="Whirlyball">Whirlyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukigassen" title="Yukigassen">Yukigassen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bat-and-ball_games" title="Bat-and-ball games">Bat-and-ball<br />games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Variations_of_baseball" title="Variations of baseball">Baseball variants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball5" title="Baseball5">Baseball5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A4nnboll" title="Brännboll">Brännboll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corkball" title="Corkball">Corkball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickball" title="Kickball">Kickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matball" title="Matball">Matball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-the-line" title="Over-the-line">Over-the-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pes%C3%A4pallo" title="Pesäpallo">Pesäpallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlagball" title="Schlagball">Schlagball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">Softball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fastpitch_softball" title="Fastpitch softball">Fastpitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-inch_softball" title="16-inch softball">16-inch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickball_(street_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stickball (street game)">Stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitilla" title="Vitilla">Vitilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_baseball" title="British baseball">British baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="English baseball">English baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh baseball">Welsh baseball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiffle_ball" title="Wiffle ball">Wiffle ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_ball" title="Town ball">Town ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireball" title="Wireball">Wireball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forms_of_cricket" title="Forms of cricket">Cricket variants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">One Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty20_International" title="Twenty20 International">Twenty20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_cricket" title="Indoor cricket">Indoor cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigoro" title="Vigoro">Vigoro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_longball" title="Danish longball">Danish longball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapta_(game)" title="Lapta (game)">Lapta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oin%C4%83" title="Oină">Oină</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoolball" title="Stoolball">Stoolball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Net_and_wall_games" title="Net and wall games">Net and wall games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_badminton" title="Ball badminton">Ball badminton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biribol" title="Biribol">Biribol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossaball" title="Bossaball">Bossaball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fistball" title="Fistball">Fistball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fives" title="Fives">Fives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eton_fives" title="Eton fives">Eton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_fives" title="Rugby fives">Rugby</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footbag_net" title="Footbag net">Footbag net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_tennis" title="Football tennis">Football tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footvolley" title="Footvolley">Footvolley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianzi" title="Jianzi">Jianzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jokgu" title="Jokgu">Jokgu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcomb_ball" title="Newcomb ball">Newcomb ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peteca" title="Peteca">Peteca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepak_takraw" title="Sepak takraw">Sepak takraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teqball" title="Teqball">teqball‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throwball" title="Throwball">Throwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitting_volleyball" title="Sitting volleyball">sitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_volleyball" title="Standing volleyball">standing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball_variations#Pioneerball" title="Volleyball variations">pioneerball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_volleyball" title="Snow volleyball">snow</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tag_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag sports">Tag sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kho_kho" title="Kho kho">Kho kho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chase_Tag" title="World Chase Tag">World Chase Tag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Water_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Water sports">Water sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_swimming" title="Synchronized swimming">Synchronized swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_football" title="Underwater football">Underwater football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_rugby" title="Underwater rugby">Underwater rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">Water polo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_polo" title="Canoe polo">canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_tube_water_polo" title="Inner tube water polo">inner tube</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacht_racing" title="Yacht racing">Yacht racing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other non-ball sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airsoft" title="Airsoft">Airsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo-taoshi" title="Bo-taoshi">Bo-taoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzkashi" title="Buzkashi">Buzkashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_(juggling)" title="Combat (juggling)">Combat (juggling)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_curling" title="Wheelchair curling">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guts_(flying_disc_game)" title="Guts (flying disc game)">Guts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornussen" title="Hornussen">Hornussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jereed" title="Jereed">Jereed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makura-Nage" title="Makura-Nage">Makura-Nage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paintball" title="Paintball">Paintball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_derby" title="Roller derby">Roller derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_skating" title="Synchronized skating">Synchronized skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war" title="Tug of war">Tug of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate (sport)">Ultimate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Top-level_ice_hockey_leagues" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ice_Hockey_Leagues" title="Template:Ice Hockey Leagues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ice_Hockey_Leagues" title="Template talk:Ice Hockey Leagues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ice_Hockey_Leagues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ice Hockey Leagues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Top-level_ice_hockey_leagues" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Top-level <a class="mw-selflink selflink">ice hockey</a> leagues</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIHF_Continental_Cup" title="IIHF Continental Cup">IIHF Continental Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Club_World_Cup" title="Junior Club World Cup">Junior Club World Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_KHL_vs_NHL_games" title="List of KHL vs NHL games">List of KHL vs NHL games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Cup" title="Memorial Cup">Memorial Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spengler_Cup" title="Spengler Cup">Spengler Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #999999;">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_South_African_ice_hockey_champions" title="List of South African ice hockey champions">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #fd3c50;">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">Canada & United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liga_Mexicana_%C3%89lite" class="mw-redirect" title="Liga Mexicana Élite">Mexico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #ffcc00;">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Ice_Hockey_Championship" title="Chinese Ice Hockey Championship">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Hong Kong Ice Hockey League">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ice_Hockey_Championship" title="Indian Ice Hockey Championship">India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indonesia_Ice_Hockey_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indonesia Ice Hockey League (page does not exist)">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_League_(ice_hockey)" title="Israeli League (ice hockey)">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_League_Ice_Hockey" title="Asia League Ice Hockey">Japan & South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan_Hockey_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakhstan Hockey Championship">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan_Championship_(ice_hockey)" title="Kyrgyzstan Championship (ice hockey)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macau_Ice_Hockey_League&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Macau Ice Hockey League (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Malaysian Ice Hockey League">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia_Hockey_League" title="Mongolia Hockey League">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_Championship_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="North Korean Championship (ice hockey)">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Hockey_League" title="Philippine Hockey League">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_International_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Qatar International Ice Hockey League">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore_National_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Singapore National Ice Hockey League">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Taipei_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Chinese Taipei Ice Hockey League">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_World_Hockey_League" title="Thai World Hockey League">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Ice_Hockey_Super_League" title="Turkish Ice Hockey Super League">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan_Championship" title="Turkmenistan Championship">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Emirates Ice Hockey League">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3399cc;">Europe (international)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alps_Hockey_League" title="Alps Hockey League">Alps Hockey League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_Hockey_League" title="Baltic Hockey League">Baltic Hockey League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BeNe_League_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="BeNe League (ice hockey)">BeNe League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champions_Hockey_League" title="Champions Hockey League">Champions Hockey League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erste_Liga_(ice_hockey)" title="Erste Liga (ice hockey)">Erste Liga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICE_Hockey_League" title="ICE Hockey League">ICE Hockey League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League" title="Kontinental Hockey League">Kontinental Hockey League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3399cc;">Europe (national)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Hockey_League" title="Armenian Hockey League">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Extraleague" title="Belarusian Extraleague">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_Hockey_League" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina Hockey League">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Hockey_League" title="Bulgarian Hockey League">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Croatian Ice Hockey League">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Extraliga" title="Czech Extraliga">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal_Ligaen" title="Metal Ligaen">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meistriliiga_(ice_hockey)" title="Meistriliiga (ice hockey)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liiga" title="Liiga">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligue_Magnus" title="Ligue Magnus">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Georgian Ice Hockey League">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Eishockey_Liga" title="Deutsche Eishockey Liga">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Ice_Hockey_Championship" title="Greek Ice Hockey Championship">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OB_I_bajnoks%C3%A1g" class="mw-redirect" title="OB I bajnokság">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_Men%27s_Hockey_League" title="Icelandic Men's Hockey League">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Hockey_League_-_Serie_A" title="Italian Hockey League - Serie A">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Irish Ice Hockey League">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Hockey_Higher_League" title="Latvian Hockey Higher League">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania_Hockey_League" title="Lithuania Hockey League">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Cup_(ice_hockey)" title="Luxembourg Cup (ice hockey)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GET-ligaen" class="mw-redirect" title="GET-ligaen">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polska_Hokej_Liga" title="Polska Hokej Liga">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Hockey_League" title="Romanian Hockey League">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Hockey_League" title="Serbian Hockey League">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Extraliga" title="Slovak Extraliga">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Slovenian Ice Hockey League">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liga_Nacional_de_Hockey_Hielo" title="Liga Nacional de Hockey Hielo">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Hockey_League" title="Swedish Hockey League">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_(ice_hockey)" title="National League (ice hockey)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Hockey_Championship" title="Ukrainian Hockey Championship">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elite_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Elite Ice Hockey League">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #009933;">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Australian Ice Hockey League">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Ice_Hockey_League" title="New Zealand Ice Hockey League">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height: 1em;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #252525;">Defunct leagues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpenliga" title="Alpenliga">Alpenliga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkan_League_(ice_hockey)" title="Balkan League (ice hockey)">Balkan League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_League_(ice_hockey)" title="Baltic League (ice hockey)">Baltic League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Hockey_League" title="Belgian Hockey League">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Ice_Hockey_Championship" title="Brazilian Ice Hockey Championship">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpathian_League" title="Carpathian League">Carpathian League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champions_Hockey_League_(2008%E2%80%9309)" title="Champions Hockey League (2008–09)">Champions Hockey League (2008–09)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_First_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League">Czechoslovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DDR-Oberliga_(ice_hockey)" title="DDR-Oberliga (ice hockey)">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_European_Hockey_League" title="Eastern European Hockey League">Eastern European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Trophy" title="European Trophy">European Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interliga_(1999%E2%80%932007)" title="Interliga (1999–2007)">Interliga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-National_League" title="Inter-National League">Inter-National League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Japan Ice Hockey League">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Championship_(ice_hockey)" title="Luxembourg Championship (ice hockey)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eredivisie_(ice_hockey)" title="Eredivisie (ice hockey)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Sea_Cup" title="North Sea Cup">North Sea Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panonian_League" title="Panonian League">Panonian League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_National_Ice_Hockey_Championship" title="Portugal National Ice Hockey Championship">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Superleague" title="Russian Superleague">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serie_A_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Serie A (ice hockey)">Serie A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slohokej_League" title="Slohokej League">Slohokej League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Domestic_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Korea Domestic Championship">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Championship_League" title="Soviet Championship League">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eishockey-Bundesliga" title="Eishockey-Bundesliga">West Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Ice_Hockey_League" title="Yugoslav Ice Hockey League">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Winter_Olympic_sports" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Winter_Olympic_sports" title="Template:Winter Olympic sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Winter_Olympic_sports" title="Template talk:Winter Olympic sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Winter_Olympic_sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Winter Olympic sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Winter_Olympic_sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Olympic sports">Winter Olympic sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biathlon" title="Biathlon">Biathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobsleigh" title="Bobsleigh">Bobsleigh</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_(sport)" title="Skeleton (sport)">skeleton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luge" title="Luge">Luge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_skating" title="Ice skating">Skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating" title="Figure skating">figure skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-track_speed_skating" title="Short-track speed skating">short-track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-track_speed_skating" title="Long-track speed skating">long-track</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">Skiing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_skiing" title="Alpine skiing">alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_(sport)" title="Cross-country skiing (sport)">cross-country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_skiing" title="Freestyle skiing">freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_combined" title="Nordic combined">Nordic combined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_jumping" title="Ski jumping">ski jumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowboarding" title="Snowboarding">snowboarding</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ski_mountaineering" title="Ski mountaineering">Ski mountaineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Paralympic_sports" title="Paralympic sports">Paralympic sports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Olympic sports">Summer Olympic sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ice" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ice" title="Template:Ice"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ice" title="Template talk:Ice"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ice" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ice"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ice" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">Ice</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>The <a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solid</a> <a href="/wiki/State_of_matter" title="State of matter">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major phases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_ice#Amorphous_ice" title="Phases of ice">Amorphous solid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_ice#Known_phases" title="Phases of ice">Crystalline phases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_ice#Ice_XVIII_(superionic_water)" title="Phases of ice">Superionic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Formations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_ice" title="Anchor ice">Anchor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cap" title="Ice cap">Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cave" title="Ice cave">Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_dune" title="Ice dune">Dune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_field" title="Ice field">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glacier" title="Glacier">Glacier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceberg" title="Iceberg">Iceberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ice_calving" title="Ice calving">calving</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icicle" title="Icicle">Icicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_jam" title="Ice jam">Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_ice" title="Sea ice">Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_sheet" title="Ice sheet">Sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_spike" title="Ice spike">Spike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalactite#Ice_stalactites" title="Stalactite">Stalactites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_volcano" title="Ice volcano">Volcano</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phenomena</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice%E2%80%93albedo_feedback" title="Ice–albedo feedback">Albedo feedback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_ice" title="Black ice">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_circle" title="Ice circle">Circle or disc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clear_ice" title="Clear ice">Clear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_crystals" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice crystals">Crystals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firn" title="Firn">Firn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_fog" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice fog">Fog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazil_ice" title="Frazil ice">Frazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost" title="Frost">Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost_heaving" title="Frost heaving">Frost heave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost_flower" title="Frost flower">Frost flower</a> (<a href="/wiki/Frost_flower_(sea_ice)" title="Frost flower (sea ice)">sea ice</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaze_(ice)" title="Glaze (ice)">Glaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hail" title="Hail">Hail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_ice" title="Hair ice">Hair ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_jacking" title="Ice jacking">Jacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9v%C3%A9" title="Névé">Névé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needle_ice" title="Needle ice">Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_nucleus" title="Ice nucleus">Nucleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rime_ice" title="Rime ice">Rime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_shove" title="Ice shove">Shove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuga_(ice)" title="Shuga (ice)">Shuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slurry_ice" title="Slurry ice">Slurry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slush" title="Slush">Slush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">Snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_storm" title="Ice storm">Storm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ice-related<br />activities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_bath" title="Ice bath">Bathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_blasting" title="Ice blasting">Blasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_blocking" title="Ice blocking">Blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_climbing" title="Ice climbing">Climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_fishing" title="Ice fishing">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_rafting" title="Ice rafting">Rafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_sculpture" title="Ice sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_skating" title="Ice skating">Skating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Winter_sports" title="Winter sports">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">Bandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceboat" title="Iceboat">Iceboating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cricket" title="Ice cricket">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icetrack_cycling" title="Icetrack cycling">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figure_skating" title="Figure skating">Figure skating</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ice hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_racing" title="Ice racing">Ice racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_skating" title="Speed skating">Speed skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-track_speed_skating" title="Short-track speed skating">Short-track speed skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_skating" title="Tour skating">Tour skating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constructions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_bar" title="Ice bar">Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_bridge" title="Ice bridge">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hotel" title="Ice hotel">Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igloo" title="Igloo">Igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_palace" title="Ice palace">Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_pier" title="Ice pier">Pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pykrete" title="Pykrete">Pykrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_rink" title="Ice rink">Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_road" title="Ice road">Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Work</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cutting" title="Ice cutting">Cutting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icebox" title="Icebox">Icebox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_house_(building)" title="Ice house (building)">Icehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceman_(occupation)" title="Iceman (occupation)">Iceman (occupation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_pick" title="Ice pick">Pick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_trade" title="Ice trade">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakhch%C4%81l" title="Yakhchāl">Yakhchāl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice_chips" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice chips">Chips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_core" title="Ice core">Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cream" title="Ice cream">Cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_cube" title="Ice cube">Cube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_pack" title="Ice pack">Pack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ice_age" title="Ice age">Ice ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glaciology" title="Glaciology">Glaciology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Ice_Age" title="Little Ice Age">Little Ice Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowball_Earth" title="Snowball Earth">Snowball Earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Water_ice" title="Category:Water ice">Category</a></li> <li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ice" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ice">Wikimedia Commons</a></li> <li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wiktionary page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ice" class="extiw" title="wikt:ice">Wiktionary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41466#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4014106-8">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hockey"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85061326">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hockey sur glace"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11971293x">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hockey sur glace"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11971293x">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00560120">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="lední hokej"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph115102&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007563081405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&oldid=1258592499">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ice_hockey&oldid=1258592499</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ice_hockey" title="Category:Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th_century_in_Canada" title="Category:19th century in 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