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class="mw-page-title-main">Nancy Seear, Baroness Seear</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Kingdom)">PC</a></span></span> (7 August 1913 – 23 April 1997) was a British social scientist and politician. She was leader of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> from 1984 to 1988, and Deputy Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a> in the House of Lords from 1988 to 1997. She was also appointed a <a href="/wiki/Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Privy Council of the United Kingdom">Privy Counsellor</a> in 1985. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Seear,_Baroness_Seear&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Epsom" title="Epsom">Epsom</a>, Surrey, Seear was educated at <a href="/wiki/Croydon_High_School" title="Croydon High School">Croydon High School</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newnham_College,_Cambridge" title="Newnham College, Cambridge">Newnham College, Cambridge</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She became Personnel Officer at C & J Clark Ltd in 1935, staying until 1946. During this period she was seconded as a part-time member of staff at the Production Efficiency Board for the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Aircraft_Production" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Aircraft Production">Ministry of Aircraft Production</a>, a post she held from 1943 to 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1946, she became a teacher of, and reader in, Personnel Management at the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">London School of Economics</a>, where she would remain until 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a member of the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a>, Seear contested every UK general election from 1950 to 1970, coming third behind the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> candidates on each occasion.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She initially stood for <a href="/wiki/Hornchurch_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Hornchurch (UK Parliament constituency)">Hornchurch</a> in <a href="/wiki/1950_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1950 United Kingdom general election">1950</a> and <a href="/wiki/1951_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1951 United Kingdom general election">1951</a>, before attempting <a href="/wiki/Truro_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Truro (UK Parliament constituency)">Truro</a> in <a href="/wiki/1955_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1955 United Kingdom general election">1955</a> and <a href="/wiki/1959_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1959 United Kingdom general election">1959</a>. In <a href="/wiki/1964_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1964 United Kingdom general election">1964</a>, she stood for <a href="/wiki/Epping_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Epping (UK Parliament constituency)">Epping</a>, and tried constituencies in northern England at the following two general elections – <a href="/wiki/Rochdale_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Rochdale (UK Parliament constituency)">Rochdale</a>, in <a href="/wiki/1966_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1966 United Kingdom general election">1966</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wakefield_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wakefield (UK Parliament constituency)">Wakefield</a> in <a href="/wiki/1970_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1970 United Kingdom general election">1970</a>. The latter would be her last candidature at a general election, although she stood as the Liberal candidate for <a href="/wiki/Wight_and_Hampshire_East_(European_Parliament_constituency)" title="Wight and Hampshire East (European Parliament constituency)">Wight and Hampshire East</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1979_European_Parliament_election_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1979 European Parliament election in the United Kingdom">1979 European Parliament election</a>, coming second to the Conservative candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seear was <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Liberal_Party" title="President of the Liberal Party">President of the Liberal Party</a> from 1964 to 1965, and of the <a href="/wiki/Fawcett_Society" title="Fawcett Society">Fawcett Society</a> from 1970 to 1985. From 1971 to 1984, she sat on the Top Salaries Review Board. She was created a <a href="/wiki/Life_Peer" class="mw-redirect" title="Life Peer">Life Peer</a> on 18 May 1971 as <b>Baroness Seear</b>, of <a href="/wiki/Paddington" title="Paddington">Paddington</a> in the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following her elevation to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>, she was a Member of the Council at the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial Society">Industrial Society</a> from 1972 to 1984, and President of the <a href="/wiki/British_Standards_Institution" class="mw-redirect" title="British Standards Institution">British Standards Institution</a> from 1974 to 1977. She was also President of the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Liberal_Federation" title="Women's Liberal Federation">Women's Liberal Federation</a> in 1974. From 1975 to 1976, Seear was on the Hansard Social Commission for Electoral Reform, before becoming president at the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Personnel_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of Personnel Management">Institute of Personnel Management</a>, a role she held from 1977 to 1979. </p><p>In 1980, she became visiting professor of Personnel Management at <a href="/wiki/City_University,_London" class="mw-redirect" title="City University, London">City University</a>, London, continuing until 1987. Meanwhile, Seear was Leader of the Liberal Party in the House of Lords from 1984 to 1988 – the year in which the Liberals merged with the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK)">Social Democratic Party</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrats_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrats (UK)">Liberal Democrats</a>. Seear duly became Deputy Leader of the new Liberal Democrats in the House of Lords, holding this office from 1988 to 1997. From 1991 to 1997, she was also Honorary President of the <a href="/wiki/National_Postgraduate_Committee" title="National Postgraduate Committee">National Postgraduate Committee</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carers_champion">Carers champion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Seear,_Baroness_Seear&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Carers champion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Baroness Seear was also remembered as a pioneer for <a href="/wiki/Carers" class="mw-redirect" title="Carers">carers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a>. In 1963, as a Reader in Personnel Management at the <a href="/wiki/London_School_of_Economics" title="London School of Economics">LSE</a>, she was approached by the Rev. Mary Webster, who had given up her work as a Minister to care for her aged parents, and hit the UK headlines with her highly effective campaigning work. Seear said that within five minutes of meeting Mary Webster, "I knew that she was someone quite exceptional".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seear became one of twelve founder members of the NCSWD – the National Council for Single Woman and Her Dependants – on 15 December 1965; another prominent member was <a href="/wiki/Sir_Keith_Joseph" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Keith Joseph">Sir Keith Joseph</a>. She continued working for the movement and eventually became a Patron of the <a href="/wiki/Carers_National_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Carers National Association">Carers National Association</a>, when it was formed by a merger with the Association of Carers on 14 May 1988. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Seear,_Baroness_Seear&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Seear was a Christian.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was unmarried, and stated herself to be a <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Republicanism in the United Kingdom">republican</a>. She died from cancer in London on 23 April 1997, aged 83.<sup id="cite_ref-ODNB_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archives">Archives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Seear,_Baroness_Seear&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Archives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Papers of Baroness Beatrice Nancy Seear are held at <a href="/wiki/The_Women%27s_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="The Women's Library">The Women's Library</a> at the Library of the London School of Economics, ref <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://twl-calm.library.lse.ac.uk/CalmView/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=Overview.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo='7BNS')">7BNS</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.lse.ac.uk/TreeBrowse.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&field=RefNo&key=SEEAR">Catalogue of the papers of Baroness Seear held at LSE Archives</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Seear,_Baroness_Seear&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A career for women in industry (Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1964);</li> <li>Policies for incomes (Liberal Publication Department, London, 1967);</li> <li>Training: the fulcrum of change (British Association for Commercial and Industrial Education, London, 1976);</li> <li>Interdependence and survival: population policies and environmental control (Wyndham Place Trust, London, 1976);</li> <li>Women in the penal system (Report for the Howard League for Penal Reform, 1986);</li> <li>Education: a quantum leap? (Hebden Royd Publications, Hebden Bridge, 1988).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Seear,_Baroness_Seear&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ODNB-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODNB_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLord_Steel_of_Aikwood2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Steel" title="David Steel">Lord Steel of Aikwood</a> (2004). "Seear, (Beatrice) Nancy, Baroness Seear (1913–1997), politician". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography#Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i> (online ed.). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F66014">10.1093/ref:odnb/66014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Seear%2C+%28Beatrice%29+Nancy%2C+Baroness+Seear+%281913%E2%80%931997%29%2C+politician&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F66014&rft.au=Lord+Steel+of+Aikwood&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Seear%2C+Baroness+Seear" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoothroyd2020" class="citation web cs1">Boothroyd, David (21 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200821101102/http://www.election.demon.co.uk/epe2.html">"United Kingdom European Parliamentary Election results 1979-99: England 2"</a>. <i>Election Demon</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.election.demon.co.uk/epe2.html">the original</a> on 21 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Election+Demon&rft.atitle=United+Kingdom+European+Parliamentary+Election+results+1979-99%3A+England+2&rft.date=2020-08-21&rft.aulast=Boothroyd&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.election.demon.co.uk%2Fepe2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Seear%2C+Baroness+Seear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette45373" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/45373/page/5239">"No. 45373"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 20 May 1971. p. 5239.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+45373&rft.pages=5239&rft.date=1971-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F45373%2Fpage%2F5239&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANancy+Seear%2C+Baroness+Seear" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tim Cook, 2007</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Tim Cook, 2007, <i>"The History of the Carers Movement"</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873747-36-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873747-36-0">978-1-873747-36-0</a></li> <li>David Steel (Lord Steel of Aikwood), <i>Nancy Seear</i> in <i>Dictionary of National Biography</i>; OUP 2004–08</li> <li>Mark Egan, <i>Nancy Seear</i> in Brack et al. (eds.) <i>Dictionary of Liberal Biography</i>; Politico's Publishing, 1998 pp324–325</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nancy_Seear,_Baroness_Seear&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qub.ac.uk/cawp/UK%20bios/UK_bios_peers2.htm#seear">Biography: Centre for advancement of Women in Politics</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970515/text/70515-01.htm">House of Lords Hansard text: 1997 Tributes to the late Lady Seear</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Fulford" title="Roger Fulford">Roger Fulford</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Liberal_Party_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Liberal Party (UK)">President of the Liberal Party</a> </b><br />1965–1966 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Francis_Eden,_7th_Baron_Henley" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Francis Eden, 7th Baron Henley">The Lord Eden</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Rose" title="Joyce Rose">Joyce Rose</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Liberal_Federation" title="Women's Liberal Federation">President of the Women's Liberal Federation</a> </b><br />1974–1977 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Nelia_Penman" title="Nelia Penman">Nelia Penman</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Byers" title="Frank Byers">The Lord Byers</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Liberal_Party_leaders#Leaders_of_the_Liberal_Party_in_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United Kingdom Liberal Party leaders">Leader of the Liberals</a> in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> </b><br />1984–1988 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">The Lord Jenkins of Hillhead</a><br /><small>Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Social_and_Liberal_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Social and Liberal Democrats">Social and Liberal Democrats</a></small></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Leader of the Liberal Democrats">Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Steel" title="David Steel">Steel</a> <i>(Liberal)</i> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maclennan,_Baron_Maclennan_of_Rogart" title="Robert Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart">Maclennan</a> <i>(SDP)</i> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Ashdown" title="Paddy Ashdown">Ashdown</a> (1988–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kennedy" title="Charles Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1999–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menzies_Campbell" title="Menzies Campbell">Campbell</a> (2006–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Clegg</a> (2007–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Farron" title="Tim Farron">Farron</a> (2015–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Cable</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Swinson" title="Jo Swinson">Swinson</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Davey" title="Ed Davey">Davey</a> (from 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Deputy leader of the Liberal Democrats">Deputy leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Johnston" title="Russell Johnston">Johnston</a> (1988–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Beith" title="Alan Beith">Beith</a> (1992–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menzies_Campbell" title="Menzies Campbell">Campbell</a> (2003–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vince_Cable" title="Vince Cable">Cable</a> (2006–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hughes" title="Simon Hughes">Hughes</a> (2010–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Bruce" title="Malcolm Bruce">Bruce</a> (2014–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Swinson" title="Jo Swinson">Swinson</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Davey" title="Ed Davey">Davey</a> (2019–2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daisy_Cooper" title="Daisy Cooper">Cooper</a> (from 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats_in_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the Liberal Democrats in the House of Lords">Leaders in the Lords</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Seear</a> <i>(Liberal)</i> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Diamond,_Baron_Diamond" title="Jack Diamond, Baron Diamond">Diamond</a> <i>(SDP)</i> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a> (1988–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rodgers,_Baron_Rodgers_of_Quarry_Bank" title="Bill Rodgers, Baron Rodgers of Quarry Bank">Rodgers</a> (1997–2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirley_Williams" title="Shirley Williams">Williams</a> (2001–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_McNally,_Baron_McNally" title="Tom McNally, Baron McNally">McNally</a> (2004–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wallace,_Baron_Wallace_of_Tankerness" title="Jim Wallace, Baron Wallace of Tankerness">Wallace</a> (2013–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Newby,_Baron_Newby" title="Richard Newby, Baron Newby">Newby</a> (from 2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="President of the Liberal Democrats">Presidents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Wrigglesworth" title="Ian Wrigglesworth">Wrigglesworth</a> (1989–1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Kennedy" title="Charles Kennedy">Kennedy</a> (1991–1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Maclennan,_Baron_Maclennan_of_Rogart" title="Robert Maclennan, Baron Maclennan of Rogart">Maclennan</a> (1995–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Maddock,_Baroness_Maddock" title="Diana Maddock, Baroness Maddock">Maddock</a> (1999–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navnit_Dholakia,_Baron_Dholakia" title="Navnit Dholakia, Baron Dholakia">Dholakia</a> (2001–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Hughes" title="Simon Hughes">Hughes</a> (2005–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Scott,_Baroness_Scott_of_Needham_Market" title="Rosalind Scott, Baroness Scott of Needham Market">Scott</a> (2009–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Farron" title="Tim Farron">Farron</a> (2011–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal_Brinton" title="Sal Brinton">Brinton</a> (2015–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pack" title="Mark Pack">Pack</a> (from 2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Leadership_elections" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Leadership elections</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Social_and_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="1988 Social and Liberal Democrats leadership election">1988 (Ashdown)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="1999 Liberal Democrats leadership election">1999 (Kennedy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2006 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2006 (Campbell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2007 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2007 (Clegg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2015 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2015 (Farron)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2017 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2017 (Cable)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2019 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2019 (Swinson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Liberal_Democrats_leadership_election" title="2020 Liberal Democrats leadership election">2020 (Davey)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Deputy leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2003 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2003 (Campbell)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2006 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2006 (Cable)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2010 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2010 (Hughes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2014 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2014 (Bruce)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2017 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2017 (Swinson)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Liberal_Democrats_deputy_leadership_election" title="2019 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election">2019 (Davey)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Frontbench_team" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_frontbench_team" title="Liberal Democrat frontbench team">Frontbench team</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Leader of the Liberal Democrats">Leader of the Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_leader_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Deputy leader of the Liberal Democrats">Deputy leader of the Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Treasury_spokesperson" title="Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesperson">Liberal Democrat Treasury spokesperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Home_Affairs_spokesperson" title="Liberal Democrat Home Affairs spokesperson">Liberal Democrat Home Affairs spokesperson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Structure" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Structure</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">MPs and Frontbench</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Liberal_Democrat_MPs_(2024%E2%80%93present)" title="List of United Kingdom Liberal Democrat MPs (2024–present)">Current members of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_frontbench_team" title="Liberal Democrat frontbench team">Frontbench team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_of_the_Liberal_Democrats" title="Chief Whip of the Liberal Democrats">Chief whip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Frontbench in opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Paddy_Ashdown" title="Frontbench Team of Paddy Ashdown">Frontbench Team of Paddy Ashdown</a> (1997–1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Charles_Kennedy" title="Frontbench Team of Charles Kennedy">Frontbench Team of Charles Kennedy</a> (1999–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Menzies_Campbell" title="Frontbench Team of Menzies Campbell">Frontbench Team of Menzies Campbell</a> (2006–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Frontbench_Team_of_Vince_Cable" title="First Frontbench Team of Vince Cable">First Frontbench Team of Vince Cable</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Nick_Clegg" title="Frontbench Team of Nick Clegg">Frontbench Team of Nick Clegg</a> (2007–2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Tim_Farron" title="Frontbench Team of Tim Farron">Frontbench Team of Tim Farron</a> (2015–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Frontbench_Team_of_Vince_Cable" title="Second Frontbench Team of Vince Cable">Second Frontbench Team of Vince Cable</a> (2017–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Jo_Swinson" title="Frontbench Team of Jo Swinson">Frontbench Team of Jo Swinson</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontbench_Team_of_Ed_Davey" title="Frontbench Team of Ed Davey">Frontbench Team of Ed Davey</a> (2020-present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">State parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Liberal_Democrats" title="English Liberal Democrats">English Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Liberal_Democrats" title="Scottish Liberal Democrats">Scottish Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Liberal_Democrats" title="Welsh Liberal Democrats">Welsh Liberal Democrats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Regional parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Liberal_Democrats" title="London Liberal Democrats">London Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Liberal_Democrats" title="Northern Ireland Liberal Democrats">Northern Ireland Liberal Democrats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Conference</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Conference" title="Liberal Democrat Conference">Liberal Democrat Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%">Committees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Board_(Liberal_Democrats)" title="Federal Board (Liberal Democrats)">Federal Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FAA61A;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Specified_Associated_Organisation" title="Specified Associated Organisation">SAOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT%2B_Liberal_Democrats" title="LGBT+ Liberal Democrats">LGBT+ Liberal Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Liberals_(UK)" title="Young Liberals (UK)">Young Liberals</a> (<a href="/wiki/English_Young_Liberals" title="English Young Liberals">English Young Liberals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Young_Liberals" title="Scottish Young Liberals">Scottish Young Liberals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Young_Liberals" title="Welsh Young Liberals">Welsh Young Liberals/Rhyddfrydwr Ifanc Cymru</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Related_organisations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related organisations</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Alliance Party of Northern Ireland">Alliance Party of Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beveridge_Group" title="Beveridge Group">Beveridge Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Christian_Forum" title="Liberal Democrat Christian Forum">Christian Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Friends_of_Israel" title="Liberal Democrat Friends of Israel">Friends of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Friends_of_Turkey" title="Liberal Democrat Friends of Turkey">Friends of Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_History_Group" title="Liberal Democrat History Group">History Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Reform" title="Liberal Reform">Liberal Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Liberal_Forum" title="Social Liberal Forum">Social Liberal Forum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="History_and_related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History and related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Democrat_Headquarters_(UK)" title="Liberal Democrat Headquarters (UK)">Liberal Democrat Headquarters (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Liberal_Democrat_MPs" title="List of Liberal Democrat MPs">List of MPs (past and present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Liberal_Party_and_Liberal_Democrats_(UK)_general_election_manifestos" title="List of Liberal Party and Liberal Democrats (UK) general election manifestos">General election manifestos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(SDP)" title="Gang of Four (SDP)">Gang of Four</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Limehouse_Declaration" title="Limehouse Declaration">Limehouse Declaration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glee_Club_(UK_politics)" title="Glee Club (UK politics)">Glee Club (UK politics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Land_(song)" title="The Land (song)">The Land (song)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberator_(magazine)" title="Liberator (magazine)">Liberator (magazine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Club" title="National Liberal Club">National Liberal Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whig Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peelite" title="Peelite">Peelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Liberal_Party" title="Scottish Liberal Party">Scottish Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_Coupon" title="Coalition Coupon">Coalition Coupon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1918)" title="Independent Liberal Party (UK, 1918)">Independent Liberal Party (Asquith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1922)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1922)">National Liberal Party (Lloyd George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Liberals_(UK,_1931)" title="Independent Liberals (UK, 1931)">Independent Liberals (Lloyd George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(UK,_1931)" title="National Liberal Party (UK, 1931)">National Liberal Party ("Simonites")</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lib%E2%80%93Lab_pact" title="Lib–Lab pact">Lib–Lab pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaigning_in_the_2016_United_Kingdom_European_Union_membership_referendum#Liberal_Leave" title="Campaigning in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum">Liberal Leave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_more_heave" title="One more heave">One more heave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(UK)" title="Social Democratic Party (UK)">Social Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDP%E2%80%93Liberal_Alliance" title="SDP–Liberal Alliance">SDP–Liberal Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southport_Resolution" title="Southport Resolution">Southport Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Orange_Book" title="The Orange Book">The Orange Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative%E2%80%93Liberal_Democrat_coalition_agreement" title="Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement">Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition agreement</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/For_a_Fair_Deal" title="For a Fair Deal">For a Fair Deal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FAA61A"><div id="Breakaway_parties" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Breakaway parties</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK,_1989)" title="Liberal Party (UK, 1989)">Liberal Party (UK, 1989)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4877194#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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