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contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Occipital lobe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fns%C9%99_pay%C4%B1" title="Ənsə payı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ənsə payı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potilja%C4%8Dni_re%C5%BEanj" title="Potiljačni režanj – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Potiljačni režanj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B2bul_occipital" title="Lòbul occipital – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lòbul occipital" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%BDln%C3%AD_lalok" title="Týlní lalok – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Týlní lalok" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipitallap" title="Occipitallap – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Occipitallap" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipitallappen" title="Occipitallappen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Occipitallappen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuklasagar" title="Kuklasagar – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kuklasagar" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B2%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ινιακός λοβός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινιακός λοβός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3bulo_occipital" title="Lóbulo occipital – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lóbulo occipital" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobulu_okzipital" title="Lobulu okzipital – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lobulu okzipital" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%BE%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="لوب پس‌سری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوب پس‌سری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobe_occipital" title="Lobe occipital – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lobe occipital" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maoth%C3%A1n_c%C3%BAlphlaice" title="Maothán cúlphlaice – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Maothán cúlphlaice" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobo_occipital" title="Lobo occipital – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lobo occipital" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9B%84%EB%91%90%EC%97%BD" title="후두엽 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="후두엽" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobus_oksipitalis" title="Lobus oksipitalis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lobus oksipitalis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hnakkabla%C3%B0" title="Hnakkablað – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hnakkablað" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobo_occipitale" title="Lobo occipitale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lobo occipitale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האונה העורפית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האונה העורפית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobus_occipitalis" title="Lobus occipitalis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lobus occipitalis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipitale_kwab" title="Occipitale kwab – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Occipitale kwab" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E9%A0%AD%E8%91%89" title="後頭葉 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="後頭葉" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakhodelapp" title="Bakhodelapp – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bakhodelapp" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakhovudlapp" title="Bakhovudlapp – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bakhovudlapp" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksipital_bo%27lak" title="Oksipital bo'lak – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oksipital bo'lak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%82at_potyliczny" title="Płat potyliczny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Płat potyliczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B3bulo_occipital" title="Lóbulo occipital – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lóbulo occipital" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Затылочная доля – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Затылочная доля" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipital_lobe" title="Occipital lobe – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Occipital lobe" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potilja%C4%8Dni_re%C5%BEanj" title="Potiljačni režanj – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Potiljačni režanj" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takaraivolohko" title="Takaraivolohko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Takaraivolohko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipitallob" title="Occipitallob – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Occipitallob" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksipital_na_lobo" title="Oksipital na lobo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Oksipital na lobo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Стриар кабык – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Стриар кабык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2" title="กลีบท้ายทอย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กลีบท้ายทอย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksipital_lob" title="Oksipital lob – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oksipital lob" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Потилична частка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Потилична частка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B9y_ch%E1%BA%A9m" title="Thùy chẩm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thùy chẩm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%95%E8%91%89" title="枕葉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="枕葉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9E%95%E5%8F%B6" title="枕叶 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="枕叶" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q848340#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Part of the brain at the back of the head</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:lemonchiffon">Occipital lobe</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 250px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lobes_of_the_brain_NL.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lobes_of_the_brain_NL.svg/250px-Lobes_of_the_brain_NL.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lobes_of_the_brain_NL.svg/375px-Lobes_of_the_brain_NL.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Lobes_of_the_brain_NL.svg/500px-Lobes_of_the_brain_NL.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="731" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute; left:21px; top:59px"><span style="background-color: #b4d8ec;"><a href="/wiki/Frontal_lobe" title="Frontal lobe">Frontal lobe</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:90px; top:111px"><span style="background-color: #b6cf9d;"><a href="/wiki/Temporal_lobe" title="Temporal lobe">Temporal lobe</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:128px; top:41px"><span style="background-color: #fcfb98;"><a href="/wiki/Parietal_lobe" title="Parietal lobe">Parietal lobe</a></span></div> <div style="position:absolute; left:198px; top:76px"><span style="background-color: #f7a6b6;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Occipital<br />lobe</a></span></div> </div><div class="infobox-caption">Lobes of the human brain (the occipital lobe is shown in red)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray727_occipital_lobe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray727_occipital_lobe.png/250px-Gray727_occipital_lobe.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray727_occipital_lobe.png/375px-Gray727_occipital_lobe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Gray727_occipital_lobe.png/500px-Gray727_occipital_lobe.png 2x" data-file-width="1025" data-file-height="598" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Left_and_right_(lateral),_and_medial" title="Anatomical terms of location">Medial</a> surface of left cerebral hemisphere. (<a href="/wiki/Cuneus" title="Cuneus">Cuneus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lingual_gyrus" title="Lingual gyrus">lingual gyrus</a> are at left.)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cerebrum" title="Cerebrum">Cerebrum</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Artery" title="Artery">Artery</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Posterior_cerebral_artery" title="Posterior cerebral artery">Posterior cerebral artery</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>lobus occipitalis</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D009778">D009778</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/NeuroNames" title="NeuroNames">NeuroNames</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://braininfo.rprc.washington.edu/centraldirectory.aspx?ID=140">140</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/NeuroLex" title="NeuroLex">NeuroLex</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uri.neuinfo.org/nif/nifstd/birnlex_1136">birnlex_1136</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA98</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ifaa.unifr.ch/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/14.1.09.132%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm">A14.1.09.132</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Terminologia_Anatomica" title="Terminologia Anatomica">TA2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/?id=5480">5480</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Foundational_Model_of_Anatomy" title="Foundational Model of Anatomy">FMA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/FMA/?p=classes&conceptid=http%3A%2F%2Fpurl.org%2Fsig%2Font%2Ffma%2Ffma67325">67325</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_neuroanatomy" title="Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy">Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848340" class="extiw" title="d:Q848340">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>occipital lobe</b> is one of the four <a href="/wiki/Lobes_of_the_brain" title="Lobes of the brain">major lobes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_cortex" title="Cerebral cortex">cerebral cortex</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>. The name derives from its position at the back of the head, from the Latin <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">ob</i></span>, 'behind', and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">caput</i></span>, 'head'. </p><p>The occipital lobe is the <a href="/wiki/Visual_perception" title="Visual perception">visual processing center</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammalian</a> <a href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> containing most of the anatomical region of the <a href="/wiki/Visual_cortex" title="Visual cortex">visual cortex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-titleSparkNotes:_Brain_Anatomy:_Parietal_and_Occipital_Lobes_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-titleSparkNotes:_Brain_Anatomy:_Parietal_and_Occipital_Lobes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Primary_visual_cortex" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary visual cortex">primary visual cortex</a> is <a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area" title="Brodmann area">Brodmann area 17</a>, commonly called V1 (visual one). Human V1 is located on the <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location#Left_and_right_(lateral),_and_medial" title="Anatomical terms of location">medial</a> side of the occipital lobe within the <a href="/wiki/Calcarine_sulcus" title="Calcarine sulcus">calcarine sulcus</a>; the full extent of V1 often continues onto the <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_hemisphere#Poles" title="Cerebral hemisphere">occipital pole</a>. V1 is often also called striate cortex because it can be identified by a large stripe of <a href="/wiki/Myelin" title="Myelin">myelin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Stria_of_Gennari" class="mw-redirect" title="Stria of Gennari">stria of Gennari</a>. Visually driven regions outside V1 are called <a href="/wiki/Extrastriate" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrastriate">extrastriate cortex</a>. There are many extrastriate regions, and these are specialized for different visual tasks, such as visuospatial processing, color differentiation, and <a href="/wiki/Motion_perception" title="Motion perception">motion perception</a>. Bilateral lesions of the occipital lobe can lead to cortical blindness (see <a href="/wiki/Anton%27s_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Anton's syndrome">Anton's syndrome</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occipital_lobe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gyri_of_lateral_cortex.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Gyri_of_lateral_cortex.png/220px-Gyri_of_lateral_cortex.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Gyri_of_lateral_cortex.png/330px-Gyri_of_lateral_cortex.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Gyri_of_lateral_cortex.png/440px-Gyri_of_lateral_cortex.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of gyri of brain viewed on lateral hemisphere. Occipital gyri shown lower right</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Occipital_lobe_animation_small.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Occipital_lobe_animation_small.gif" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption>Animation. Occipital lobe (red) of left cerebral hemisphere.</figcaption></figure> <p>The two occipital lobes are the smallest of four paired lobes in the <a href="/wiki/Human_brain" title="Human brain">human brain</a>. Located in the rearmost portion of the <a href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skull</a>, the occipital lobes are part of the posterior <a href="/wiki/Cerebrum" title="Cerebrum">cerebrum</a>. The lobes of the brain are named from the overlying bone and the <a href="/wiki/Occipital_bone" title="Occipital bone">occipital bone</a> overlies the occipital lobes. </p><p>The lobes rest on the <a href="/wiki/Tentorium_cerebelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Tentorium cerebelli">tentorium cerebelli</a>, a process of <a href="/wiki/Dura_mater" title="Dura mater">dura mater</a> that separates the cerebrum from the <a href="/wiki/Cerebellum" title="Cerebellum">cerebellum</a>. They are structurally isolated in their respective cerebral hemispheres by the separation of the <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_fissure" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebral fissure">cerebral fissure</a>. At the front edge of the occipital lobe are several <a href="/wiki/Occipital_gyri" title="Occipital gyri">occipital gyri</a>, which are separated by <a href="/wiki/Lateral_occipital_sulcus" title="Lateral occipital sulcus">lateral occipital sulcus</a>. </p><p>The occipital aspects along the inside face of each hemisphere are divided by the <a href="/wiki/Calcarine_sulcus" title="Calcarine sulcus">calcarine sulcus</a>. Above the medial, Y-shaped sulcus lies the <a href="/wiki/Cuneus" title="Cuneus">cuneus</a>, and the area below the sulcus is the <a href="/wiki/Lingual_gyrus" title="Lingual gyrus">lingual gyrus</a>. </p><p>Damage to the primary visual areas of the occipital lobe can cause partial or complete blindness.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occipital_lobe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The occipital lobe is divided into several functional visual areas. Each visual area contains a full map of the visual world. Although there are no anatomical markers distinguishing these areas (except for the prominent striations in the <a href="/wiki/Striate_cortex" class="mw-redirect" title="Striate cortex">striate cortex</a>), physiologists have used electrode recordings to divide the cortex into different functional regions.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The first functional area is the <a href="/wiki/Primary_visual_cortex" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary visual cortex">primary visual cortex</a>. It contains a low-level description of the local orientation, spatial-frequency and color properties within small <a href="/wiki/Receptive_fields" class="mw-redirect" title="Receptive fields">receptive fields</a>. <a href="/wiki/Primary_visual_cortex" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary visual cortex">Primary visual cortex</a> projects to the occipital areas of the <a href="/wiki/Ventral_stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Ventral stream">ventral stream</a> (<a href="/wiki/Visual_area_V2" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual area V2">visual area V2</a> and <a href="/wiki/Visual_area_V4" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual area V4">visual area V4</a>), and the occipital areas of the <a href="/wiki/Dorsal_stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsal stream">dorsal stream</a>—<a href="/wiki/Visual_area_V3" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual area V3">visual area V3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visual_area_MT" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual area MT">visual area MT</a> (V5), and the <a href="/wiki/Dorsomedial_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorsomedial area">dorsomedial area</a> (DM). </p><p>The ventral stream is known for processing the "what" in vision, while the dorsal stream handles the "where/how". This is because the ventral stream provides important information for the identification of stimuli that are stored in memory. With this information in memory, the dorsal stream is able to focus on motor actions in response to the outside stimuli. </p><p>Although numerous studies have shown that the two systems are independent and structured separately from another, there is also evidence that both are essential for successful perception, especially as the stimuli take on more complex forms. For example, a case study using fMRI was done on shape and location. The first procedure consisted of location tasks. The second procedure was in a lit-room where participants were shown stimuli on a screen for 600 ms. They found that the two pathways play a role in shape perception even though location processing continues to lie within the dorsal stream.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dorsomedial (DM) is not as thoroughly studied. However, there is some evidence that suggests that this stream interacts with other visual areas. A case study on monkeys revealed that information from V1 and V2 areas make up half the inputs in the DM. The remaining inputs are from multiple sources that have to do with any sort of visual processing <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A significant functional aspect of the occipital lobe is that it contains the primary visual cortex.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">Retinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell" title="Photoreceptor cell">sensors</a> convey stimuli through the optic tracts to the <a href="/wiki/Lateral_geniculate_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Lateral geniculate body">lateral geniculate bodies</a>, where optic radiations continue to the visual cortex. Each visual cortex receives raw sensory information from the outside half of the retina on the same side of the head and from the inside half of the retina on the other side of the head. The cuneus (Brodmann's area 17) receives visual information from the contralateral superior retina representing the inferior visual field. The lingula receives information from the contralateral inferior retina representing the superior visual field. The retinal inputs pass through a "way station" in the <a href="/wiki/Lateral_geniculate_nucleus" title="Lateral geniculate nucleus">lateral geniculate nucleus</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Thalamus" title="Thalamus">thalamus</a> before projecting to the cortex. Cells on the posterior aspect of the occipital lobes' <a href="/wiki/Gray_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray matter">gray matter</a> are arranged as a spatial map of the retinal field. <a href="/wiki/Functional_neuroimaging" title="Functional neuroimaging">Functional neuroimaging</a> reveals similar patterns of response in cortical tissue of the lobes when the retinal fields are exposed to a strong pattern. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clinical_significance">Clinical significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occipital_lobe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Clinical significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If one occipital lobe is damaged, the result can be <a href="/wiki/Homonymous_hemianopsia" title="Homonymous hemianopsia">homonymous hemianopsia</a> <a href="/wiki/Vision_loss" class="mw-redirect" title="Vision loss">vision loss</a> from similarly positioned "field cuts" in each eye. Occipital <a href="/wiki/Lesion" title="Lesion">lesions</a> can cause visual <a href="/wiki/Hallucination" title="Hallucination">hallucinations</a>. Lesions in the parietal-temporal-occipital <a href="/wiki/Association_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Association area">association area</a> are associated with <a href="/wiki/Color_agnosia" class="mw-redirect" title="Color agnosia">color agnosia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akinetopsia" title="Akinetopsia">movement agnosia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Agraphia" title="Agraphia">agraphia</a>. Lesions near the left occipital lobe can result in <a href="/wiki/Pure_alexia" title="Pure alexia">pure alexia</a> (alexia without agraphia). Damage to the primary visual cortex, which is located on the surface of the posterior occipital lobe, can cause blindness due to the holes in the visual map on the surface of the visual cortex that resulted from the lesions.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Epilepsy">Epilepsy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occipital_lobe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Epilepsy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Recent studies have shown that specific neurological findings have affected idiopathic occipital lobe <a href="/wiki/Epilepsies" class="mw-redirect" title="Epilepsies">epilepsies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occipital lobe seizures are triggered by a flash, or a visual image that contains multiple colors. These are called flicker stimulation (usually through TV) these seizures are referred to as photo-sensitivity seizures. Patients having experienced occipital seizures described their seizures as featuring bright colors, and severely blurring their vision (vomiting was also apparent in some patients). Occipital seizures are triggered mainly during the day, through television, video games or any flicker stimulatory system.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occipital seizures originate from an epileptic focus confined within the occipital lobes. They may be spontaneous or triggered by external visual stimuli. Occipital lobe epilepsies are etiologically idiopathic, symptomatic, or cryptogenic.<sup id="cite_ref-OccipitalLobeSeizure_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OccipitalLobeSeizure-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Symptomatic occipital seizures can start at any age, as well as any stage after or during the course of the underlying causative disorder. Idiopathic <a href="/wiki/Occipital_epilepsy" title="Occipital epilepsy">occipital epilepsy</a> usually starts in childhood.<sup id="cite_ref-OccipitalLobeSeizure_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OccipitalLobeSeizure-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Occipital epilepsies account for approximately 5% to 10% of all epilepsies.<sup id="cite_ref-OccipitalLobeSeizure_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OccipitalLobeSeizure-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Additional_images">Additional images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occipital_lobe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Additional images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray724.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Base of brain."><img alt="Base of brain." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray724.png/120px-Gray724.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray724.png/180px-Gray724.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Gray724.png/240px-Gray724.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="588" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Base of brain.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gray1197.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Drawing to illustrate the relations of the brain to the skull."><img alt="Drawing to illustrate the relations of the brain to the skull." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gray1197.png/107px-Gray1197.png" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gray1197.png/160px-Gray1197.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Gray1197.png/213px-Gray1197.png 2x" data-file-width="444" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Drawing to illustrate the relations of the brain to the skull.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brain_animated_color_nevit.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Occipital lobe in blue"><img alt="Occipital lobe in blue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/Brain_animated_color_nevit.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="90" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Occipital lobe in blue</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide3aa.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Occipital lobe"><img alt="Occipital lobe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Slide3aa.JPG/120px-Slide3aa.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Slide3aa.JPG/180px-Slide3aa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Slide3aa.JPG/240px-Slide3aa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Occipital lobe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide3bb.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Occipital lobe"><img alt="Occipital lobe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Slide3bb.JPG/120px-Slide3bb.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Slide3bb.JPG/180px-Slide3bb.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Slide3bb.JPG/240px-Slide3bb.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Occipital lobe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Slide2GRE.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Ventricles of brain and basal ganglia. Superior view. Horizontal section. Deep dissection"><img alt="Ventricles of brain and basal ganglia. Superior view. Horizontal section. Deep dissection" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Slide2GRE.JPG/120px-Slide2GRE.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Slide2GRE.JPG/180px-Slide2GRE.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Slide2GRE.JPG/240px-Slide2GRE.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ventricles of brain and basal ganglia. Superior view. Horizontal section. Deep dissection</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occipital_lobe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/12px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/18px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/24px-WHO_Rod.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Medical" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Medical">Medical portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article uses <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology">anatomical terminology</a>.</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_wave" title="Alpha wave">Alpha wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobes_of_the_brain" title="Lobes of the brain">Lobes of the brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_in_the_human_brain" title="List of regions in the human brain">List of regions in the human brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunate_sulcus" title="Lunate sulcus">Lunate sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_evoked_potential" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual evoked potential">Visual evoked potential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertical_occipital_fasciculus" title="Vertical occipital fasciculus">Vertical occipital fasciculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_snow_syndrome" title="Visual snow syndrome">Visual snow syndrome</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occipital_lobe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Occipital_lobe" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Occipital lobe">Occipital lobe</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-titleSparkNotes:_Brain_Anatomy:_Parietal_and_Occipital_Lobes-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-titleSparkNotes:_Brain_Anatomy:_Parietal_and_Occipital_Lobes_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071231064003/http://www.sparknotes.com/psychology/neuro/brainanatomy/section5.rhtml">"SparkNotes: Brain Anatomy: Parietal and Occipital Lobes"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sparknotes.com/psychology/neuro/brainanatomy/section5.rhtml">the original</a> on 31 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SparkNotes%3A+Brain+Anatomy%3A+Parietal+and+Occipital+Lobes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sparknotes.com%2Fpsychology%2Fneuro%2Fbrainanatomy%2Fsection5.rhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOccipital+lobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schacter, D. L., Gilbert, D. L. & Wegner, D. M. (2009). <i>Psychology</i>. (2nd ed.). New York: Worth Publishers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Valyear, Culham, Sharif, Westwood, & Goodale, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Valyear et al., 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlson2007" class="citation book cs1">Carlson, Neil R. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/psychologyscienc0004unse/page/115"><i>Psychology : the science of behaviour</i></a>. New Jersey, USA: Pearson Education. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/psychologyscienc0004unse/page/115">115</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-205-64524-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-205-64524-4"><bdi>978-0-205-64524-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Psychology+%3A+the+science+of+behaviour&rft.place=New+Jersey%2C+USA&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-205-64524-4&rft.aulast=Carlson&rft.aufirst=Neil+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpsychologyscienc0004unse%2Fpage%2F115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOccipital+lobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChilosiBrovedani2006" class="citation journal cs1">Chilosi, Anna Maria; Brovedani (November 2006). "Neuropsychological Findings in Idiopathic Occipital Lobe Epilepsies". <i>Epilepsia</i>. <b>47</b> (s2): 76–78. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1528-1167.2006.00696.x">10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00696.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17105468">17105468</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23702191">23702191</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Epilepsia&rft.atitle=Neuropsychological+Findings+in+Idiopathic+Occipital+Lobe+Epilepsies&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=s2&rft.pages=76-78&rft.date=2006-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23702191%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17105468&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1528-1167.2006.00696.x&rft.aulast=Chilosi&rft.aufirst=Anna+Maria&rft.au=Brovedani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOccipital+lobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDestina_YalçinKaymazForta2000" class="citation journal cs1">Destina Yalçin, A.; Kaymaz, A.; Forta, H. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1053%2Fseiz.2000.0424">"Reflex occipital lobe epilepsy"</a>. <i>Seizure</i>. <b>9</b> (6): 436–441. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1053%2Fseiz.2000.0424">10.1053/seiz.2000.0424</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10986003">10986003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Seizure&rft.atitle=Reflex+occipital+lobe+epilepsy&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=436-441&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1053%2Fseiz.2000.0424&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10986003&rft.aulast=Destina+Yal%C3%A7in&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Kaymaz%2C+A.&rft.au=Forta%2C+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1053%252Fseiz.2000.0424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOccipital+lobe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OccipitalLobeSeizure-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OccipitalLobeSeizure_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OccipitalLobeSeizure_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OccipitalLobeSeizure_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdcockPanayiotopoulos,_Chrysostomos_P2012" class="citation journal cs1">Adcock, Jane E; Panayiotopoulos, Chrysostomos P (31 October 2012). "Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology". <i>Occipital Lobe Seizures and Epilepsies</i>. <b>29</b> (5): 397–407. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2Fwnp.0b013e31826c98fe">10.1097/wnp.0b013e31826c98fe</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23027097">23027097</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Occipital+Lobe+Seizures+and+Epilepsies&rft.atitle=Journal+of+Clinical+Neurophysiology&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=397-407&rft.date=2012-10-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2Fwnp.0b013e31826c98fe&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23027097&rft.aulast=Adcock&rft.aufirst=Jane+E&rft.au=Panayiotopoulos%2C+Chrysostomos+P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOccipital+lobe" 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href="/wiki/Human_brain" title="Human brain">human brain</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frontal_lobe" title="Frontal lobe">Frontal lobe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superolateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefrontal_cortex" title="Prefrontal cortex">Prefrontal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_frontal_gyrus" title="Superior frontal gyrus">Superior frontal gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_4" title="Brodmann area 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_6" title="Brodmann area 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_8" title="Brodmann area 8">8</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_frontal_gyrus" title="Middle frontal gyrus">Middle frontal gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_9" title="Brodmann area 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_10" title="Brodmann area 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_46" title="Brodmann area 46">46</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_frontal_gyrus" title="Inferior frontal gyrus">Inferior frontal gyrus</a>: <a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_11" title="Brodmann area 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_47" title="Brodmann area 47">47</a>-<a href="/wiki/Orbital_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus" title="Orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus">Pars orbitalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broca%27s_area" title="Broca's area">Broca's area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_44" title="Brodmann area 44">44</a>-<a href="/wiki/Opercular_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus">Pars opercularis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_45" title="Brodmann area 45">45</a>-<a href="/wiki/Triangular_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Triangular part of inferior frontal gyrus">Pars triangularis</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_frontal_sulcus" title="Superior frontal sulcus">Superior frontal sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_frontal_sulcus" title="Inferior frontal sulcus">Inferior frontal sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Precentral_gyrus" title="Precentral gyrus">Precentral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Precentral_gyrus" title="Precentral gyrus">Precentral gyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precentral_sulcus" title="Precentral sulcus">Precentral sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medial/inferior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prefrontal_cortex" title="Prefrontal cortex">Prefrontal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_frontal_gyrus" title="Superior frontal gyrus">Superior frontal gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_4" title="Brodmann area 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_6" title="Brodmann area 6">6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_frontal_gyrus" title="Medial frontal gyrus">Medial frontal gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_8" title="Brodmann area 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_9" title="Brodmann area 9">9</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paraterminal_gyrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraterminal gyrus">Paraterminal gyrus</a>/<a href="/wiki/Paraolfactory_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraolfactory area">Paraolfactory area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_12" title="Brodmann area 12">12</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_gyrus" title="Straight gyrus">Straight gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_11" title="Brodmann area 11">11</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_gyri" title="Orbital gyri">Orbital gyri</a>/<a href="/wiki/Orbitofrontal_cortex" title="Orbitofrontal cortex">Orbitofrontal cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_10" title="Brodmann area 10">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_11" title="Brodmann area 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_12" title="Brodmann area 12">12</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventromedial_prefrontal_cortex" title="Ventromedial prefrontal cortex">Ventromedial prefrontal cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_10" title="Brodmann area 10">10</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcallosal_area" title="Subcallosal area">Subcallosal area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_25" title="Brodmann area 25">25</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olfactory_sulcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Olfactory sulcus">Olfactory sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_sulcus" title="Orbital sulcus">Orbital sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Precentral_gyrus" title="Precentral gyrus">Precentral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paracentral_lobule" title="Paracentral lobule">Paracentral lobule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_4" title="Brodmann area 4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracentral_sulcus" title="Paracentral sulcus">Paracentral sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Both</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_motor_cortex" title="Primary motor cortex">Primary motor cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_4" title="Brodmann area 4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premotor_cortex" title="Premotor cortex">Premotor cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_6" title="Brodmann area 6">6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supplementary_motor_area" title="Supplementary motor area">Supplementary motor area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_6" title="Brodmann area 6">6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supplementary_eye_field" title="Supplementary eye field">Supplementary eye field</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_6" title="Brodmann area 6">6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontal_eye_fields" title="Frontal eye fields">Frontal eye fields</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_8" title="Brodmann area 8">8</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parietal_lobe" title="Parietal lobe">Parietal lobe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superolateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Superior_parietal_lobule" title="Superior parietal lobule">Superior parietal lobule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_5" title="Brodmann area 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_7" title="Brodmann area 7">7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_parietal_lobule" title="Inferior parietal lobule">Inferior parietal lobule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_40" title="Brodmann area 40">40</a>-<a href="/wiki/Supramarginal_gyrus" title="Supramarginal gyrus">Supramarginal gyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_39" title="Brodmann area 39">39</a>-<a href="/wiki/Angular_gyrus" title="Angular gyrus">Angular gyrus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parietal_operculum" class="mw-redirect" title="Parietal operculum">Parietal operculum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_43" title="Brodmann area 43">43</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intraparietal_sulcus" title="Intraparietal sulcus">Intraparietal sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medial/inferior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paracentral_lobule" title="Paracentral lobule">Paracentral lobule</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Brodmann area 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Brodmann area 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Brodmann area 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_5" title="Brodmann area 5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precuneus" title="Precuneus">Precuneus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_7" title="Brodmann area 7">7</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marginal_sulcus" title="Marginal sulcus">Marginal sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Both</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postcentral_gyrus" title="Postcentral gyrus">Postcentral gyrus</a>/<a href="/wiki/Primary_somatosensory_cortex" title="Primary somatosensory cortex">Primary somatosensory cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_areas_3,_1_and_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Brodmann areas 3, 1 and 2">3, 1 and 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_somatosensory_cortex" title="Secondary somatosensory cortex">Secondary somatosensory cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_5" title="Brodmann area 5">5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_parietal_cortex" title="Posterior parietal cortex">Posterior parietal cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_7" title="Brodmann area 7">7</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Occipital lobe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superolateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occipital_pole_of_cerebrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Occipital pole of cerebrum">Occipital pole of cerebrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occipital_gyri" title="Occipital gyri">Occipital gyri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_occipital_sulcus" title="Lateral occipital sulcus">Lateral occipital gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_18" title="Brodmann area 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_19" title="Brodmann area 19">19</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunate_sulcus" title="Lunate sulcus">Lunate sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_occipital_sulcus" title="Transverse occipital sulcus">Transverse occipital sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medial/inferior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_cortex" title="Visual cortex">Visual cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_17" class="mw-redirect" title="Brodmann area 17">17</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneus" title="Cuneus">Cuneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingual_gyrus" title="Lingual gyrus">Lingual gyrus</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcarine_sulcus" title="Calcarine sulcus">Calcarine sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Temporal_lobe" title="Temporal lobe">Temporal lobe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superolateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_temporal_gyrus" title="Transverse temporal gyrus">Transverse temporal gyrus</a>/<a href="/wiki/Auditory_cortex" title="Auditory cortex">Auditory cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_areas_41_and_42" title="Brodmann areas 41 and 42">41 and 42</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_temporal_gyrus" title="Superior temporal gyrus">Superior temporal gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_38" title="Brodmann area 38">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_22" title="Brodmann area 22">22</a>/<a href="/wiki/Wernicke%27s_area" title="Wernicke's area">Wernicke's area</a> (<a href="/wiki/Planum_temporale" title="Planum temporale">Planum temporale</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_temporal_sulcus" title="Superior temporal sulcus">Superior temporal sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_temporal_gyrus" title="Middle temporal gyrus">Middle temporal gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_21" title="Brodmann area 21">21</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medial/inferior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occipitotemporal_sulcus" title="Occipitotemporal sulcus">Occipitotemporal sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusiform_gyrus" title="Fusiform gyrus">Fusiform gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_37" title="Brodmann area 37">37</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medial_temporal_lobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Medial temporal lobe">Medial temporal lobe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_27" title="Brodmann area 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_28" title="Brodmann area 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_34" title="Brodmann area 34">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_35" class="mw-redirect" title="Brodmann area 35">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_36" class="mw-redirect" title="Brodmann area 36">36</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_temporal_sulcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Inferior temporal sulcus">Inferior temporal sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inferior_temporal_gyrus" title="Inferior temporal gyrus">Inferior temporal gyrus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_20" title="Brodmann area 20">20</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)" title="Sulcus (neuroanatomy)">Interlobar<br />sulci/fissures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Superolateral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_sulcus" title="Central sulcus">Central (frontal+parietal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateral_sulcus" title="Lateral sulcus">Lateral (frontal+parietal+temporal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parieto-occipital_sulcus" title="Parieto-occipital sulcus">Parieto-occipital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preoccipital_notch" title="Preoccipital notch">Preoccipital notch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medial/inferior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_fissure" title="Longitudinal fissure">Longitudinal fissure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cingulate_sulcus" title="Cingulate sulcus">Cingulate (frontal+cingulate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collateral_fissure" title="Collateral fissure">Collateral (temporal+occipital)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callosal_sulcus" class="mw-redirect" title="Callosal sulcus">Callosal sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Limbic_lobe" title="Limbic lobe">Limbic lobe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parahippocampal_gyrus" title="Parahippocampal gyrus">Parahippocampal gyrus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>anterior</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Entorhinal_cortex" title="Entorhinal cortex">Entorhinal cortex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perirhinal_cortex" title="Perirhinal cortex">Perirhinal cortex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postrhinal_cortex" title="Postrhinal cortex">Postrhinal cortex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_parahippocampal_gyrus" title="Posterior parahippocampal gyrus">Posterior parahippocampal gyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prepyriform_area" title="Prepyriform area">Prepyriform area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cingulate_cortex" title="Cingulate cortex">Cingulate cortex</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cingulate_gyrus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cingulate gyrus">gyrus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subgenual_area_25" class="mw-redirect" title="Subgenual area 25">Subgenual area</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_25" title="Brodmann area 25">25</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anterior_cingulate_cortex" title="Anterior cingulate cortex">Anterior cingulate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_24" title="Brodmann area 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_32" title="Brodmann area 32">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_33" title="Brodmann area 33">33</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posterior_cingulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Posterior cingulate">Posterior cingulate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_23" title="Brodmann area 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_31" title="Brodmann area 31">31</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_cingulate_gyrus" title="Isthmus of cingulate gyrus">Isthmus of cingulate gyrus</a>: <a href="/wiki/Retrosplenial_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Retrosplenial region">Retrosplenial cortex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_26" title="Brodmann area 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_29" title="Brodmann area 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area_30" title="Brodmann area 30">30</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hippocampal_formation" title="Hippocampal formation">Hippocampal formation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hippocampal_sulcus" title="Hippocampal sulcus">Hippocampal sulcus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimbria_of_hippocampus" class="mw-redirect" title="Fimbria of hippocampus">Fimbria of hippocampus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentate_gyrus" title="Dentate gyrus">Dentate gyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinal_sulcus" title="Rhinal sulcus">Rhinal sulcus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indusium_griseum" title="Indusium griseum">Indusium griseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncus" title="Uncus">Uncus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amygdala" title="Amygdala">Amygdala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Insular_cortex" title="Insular cortex">Insular cortex</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insular_cortex" title="Insular cortex">Insular cortex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operculum_(brain)" title="Operculum (brain)">Operculum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_of_cerebral_hemispheres" class="mw-redirect" title="Poles of cerebral hemispheres">Poles of cerebral hemispheres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><i>Some categorizations are approximations, and some <a href="/wiki/Brodmann_area" title="Brodmann area">Brodmann areas</a> span gyri.</i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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