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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chute_de_biodiversité"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Chute de biodiversité</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chute_de_biodiversité-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synonymes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synonymes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Synonymes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synonymes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item 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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Penicillium roqueforti</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 26 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%89" title="بنسيليوم روكفورتى – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بنسيليوم روكفورتى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="پنیسیلیوم روکوفورتی – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پنیسیلیوم روکوفورتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB_%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Пеницилл рокфоровый – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пеницилл рокфоровый" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – silésien" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Penicillium roqueforti – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Penicillium roqueforti" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%85%8B%E7%A6%8F%E9%9D%92%E9%BB%B4%E8%8F%8C" title="羅克福青黴菌 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="羅克福青黴菌" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133247#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussion:Penicillium_roqueforti" rel="discussion" title="Discussion au sujet de cette page de contenu [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Modifier la variante de langue" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">français</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Affichages"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penicillium_roqueforti&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penicillium_roqueforti&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penicillium_roqueforti&action=history" title="Historique des versions de cette page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Outils" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Outils</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Outils</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Penicillium_roqueforti"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penicillium_roqueforti&veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penicillium_roqueforti&action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penicillium_roqueforti&action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/Penicillium_roqueforti" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/Penicillium_roqueforti" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Liste de toutes les pages spéciales [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pages 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.taxobox_v3.bacterie p.bloc,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.eucaryote caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.eucaryote p.bloc,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.procaryote caption,.mw-parser-output .taxobox_v3.procaryote p.bloc{background-color:#e6e6e6}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 .taxobox_classification{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 .taxobox_classification .rnormal,.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3.zoologie .taxobox_classification .normal,.mw-parser-output div.taxobox_v3 th[scope="row"]{font-style:normal}</style><div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large taxobox_v3 champignon bordered" style="width:20em"> <div class="entete" style=""> <div><i>Penicillium roqueforti</i></div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Wikicheese_-_Roquefort_-_20150417_-_005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de cette image, également commentée ci-après" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Wikicheese_-_Roquefort_-_20150417_-_005.jpg/240px-Wikicheese_-_Roquefort_-_20150417_-_005.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Wikicheese_-_Roquefort_-_20150417_-_005.jpg/360px-Wikicheese_-_Roquefort_-_20150417_-_005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Wikicheese_-_Roquefort_-_20150417_-_005.jpg/480px-Wikicheese_-_Roquefort_-_20150417_-_005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span> </div> <div class="legend"><i>Penicillium roqueforti</i> dans du <a href="/wiki/Roquefort_(fromage)" title="Roquefort (fromage)">roquefort</a>.</div><table class="taxobox_classification"><caption style=""><a href="/wiki/Classification_scientifique_des_esp%C3%A8ces" title="Classification scientifique des espèces">Classification</a></caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A8gne_(biologie)" title="Règne (biologie)">Règne</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Division_(biologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division (biologie)">Division</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Ascomycota" title="Ascomycota">Ascomycota</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sous-division" title="Sous-division">Sous-division</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Pezizomycotina" title="Pezizomycotina">Pezizomycotina</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Classe_(biologie)" title="Classe (biologie)">Classe</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Eurotiomycetes" title="Eurotiomycetes">Eurotiomycetes</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sous-classe_(biologie)" title="Sous-classe (biologie)">Sous-classe</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Eurotiomycetidae" title="Eurotiomycetidae">Eurotiomycetidae</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Ordre_(biologie)" title="Ordre (biologie)">Ordre</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Eurotiales" title="Eurotiales">Eurotiales</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Famille_(biologie)" title="Famille (biologie)">Famille</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Trichocomaceae" title="Trichocomaceae">Trichocomaceae</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Genre_(biologie)" title="Genre (biologie)">Genre</a></th> <td> <a href="/wiki/Penicillium" title="Penicillium">Penicillium</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="bloc"><a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8ce" title="Espèce">Espèce</a></p><div class="center taxobox_classification"><b><span style="font-style: normal"><i>Penicillium roqueforti</i></span></b><br /><span class="rnormal"><small><b><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thom" title="Charles Thom">Thom</a>, <a href="/wiki/1906" title="1906">1906</a></b></small></span></div> </div> <p><i><b>Penicillium roqueforti</b></i> est une <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8ce" title="Espèce">espèce</a> de <a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">champignons</a> <a href="/wiki/Ascomyc%C3%A8te" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascomycète">ascomycètes</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Famille_(biologie)" title="Famille (biologie)">famille</a> des <i><a href="/wiki/Aspergillaceae" title="Aspergillaceae">Aspergillaceae</a></i>. cette espèce <a href="/wiki/Saprophyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Saprophyte">saprophyte</a>, car se nourrissant de matière organique en décomposition, est très répandue dans la nature. Son principal usage fermier, artisanal ou industriel est la <a href="/wiki/Industrie_laiti%C3%A8re" title="Industrie laitière">transformation laitière</a> attachée aux <a href="/wiki/Fromages_%C3%A0_p%C3%A2te_persill%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Fromages à pâte persillée">fromages à pâte persillée</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fromages_concernés"><span id="Fromages_concern.C3.A9s"></span>Fromages concernés</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penicillium_roqueforti&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Fromages concernés" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penicillium_roqueforti&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Fromages concernés"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parmi les fromages utilisant <i>Penicillium roqueforti</i> se trouvent le <a href="/wiki/Roquefort_(fromage)" title="Roquefort (fromage)">roquefort</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Fourme_d%27Ambert" title="Fourme d'Ambert">fourme d'Ambert</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Fourme_de_Montbrison" title="Fourme de Montbrison">fourme de Montbrison</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Bleu_d%27Auvergne" title="Bleu d'Auvergne">bleu d'Auvergne</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Bleu_des_Causses" title="Bleu des Causses">bleu des Causses</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Bleu_d%27%C3%89lisabeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Bleu d'Élisabeth">bleu d'Élisabeth</a>, le <a href="/wiki/Stilton_Cheese" title="Stilton Cheese">Blue Stilton</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="et cetera">etc.</abbr> Elle est aussi utilisée pour la production d’alternatives de <a href="/wiki/Fromage_v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tal" title="Fromage végétal">fromages végétaux</a> tels que le ques'eso forte azul de La Carleta. </p><p><i>Penicillium roqueforti</i> ne doit pas être confondu avec <i><a href="/wiki/Penicillium_glaucum" title="Penicillium glaucum">Penicillium glaucum</a></i> qui est utilisé dans le <a href="/wiki/Bleu_de_Gex" title="Bleu de Gex">bleu de Gex</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Gorgonzola_(fromage)" title="Gorgonzola (fromage)">gorgonzola</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chute_de_biodiversité"><span id="Chute_de_biodiversit.C3.A9"></span>Chute de biodiversité</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penicillium_roqueforti&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Chute de biodiversité" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penicillium_roqueforti&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Chute de biodiversité"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Domestication" title="Domestication">domestication</a> par l'<a href="/wiki/Fromage" title="Fromage">activité fromagère</a> a permis de sélectionner des souches de meilleures apparence et <a href="/wiki/Propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9_organoleptique" title="Propriété organoleptique">qualités organoleptiques</a> mais a eu pour effet une diminution drastique de leur <a href="/wiki/Diversit%C3%A9_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique" title="Diversité génétique">diversité génétique</a> avec risque de dégénérescence<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Le <a href="/wiki/Bleu_de_Termignon" title="Bleu de Termignon">bleu de Termignon</a> héberge une population distincte de <i>Penicillium roqueforti</i>. Ce fromage figure parmi les rares où la moisissure n’est pas inoculée par les producteurs : elle les colonise spontanément depuis l’environnement<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synonymes">Synonymes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penicillium_roqueforti&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Synonymes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penicillium_roqueforti&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Synonymes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <a href="/wiki/Nom_correct" title="Nom correct">nom correct</a> complet (avec <a href="/wiki/Citation_d%27auteurs_en_botanique" title="Citation d'auteurs en botanique">auteur</a>) de ce taxon est <i>Penicillium roqueforti</i> Thom<sup id="cite_ref-GBIF6_novembre_2024_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBIF6_novembre_2024-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il a pour <a href="/wiki/Synonyme_(botanique)" class="mw-redirect" title="Synonyme (botanique)">synonymes</a><sup id="cite_ref-GBIF6_novembre_2024_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GBIF6_novembre_2024-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <ul><li><i>Penicillium atro-viridum</i> Sopp</li> <li><i>Penicillium atroviride</i> Sopp</li> <li><i>Penicillium conservandi</i> Novobr.</li> <li><i>Penicillium gorgonzola</i> Weid.</li> <li><i>Penicillium roqueforti var. viride</i> Datt.-Rubbo</li> <li><i>Penicillium roqueforti var. weidemannii</i> Westling</li> <li><i>Penicillium roqueforti</i> Sopp</li> <li><i>Penicillium virescens</i> Sopp</li> <li><i>Penicillium weidemannii</i> (Westling) Biourge</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penicillium_roqueforti&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penicillium_roqueforti&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2023">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inee.cnrs.fr/fr/cnrsinfo/domestication-des-champignons-affinant-les-fromages-et-les-saucissons-par-des-genes"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Domestication des champignons affinant les fromages et les saucissons par des gènes mobiles et baisse de diversité inquiétante</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.inee.cnrs.fr</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-11-21" data-sort-value="2023-11-21">21 novembre 2023</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-04-25" data-sort-value="2024-04-25">25 avril 2024</time>)</small></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Crequer,_Jeanne_Ropars,_Jean-Luc_Jany,_Thibault_Caron,_Monika_Coton,_Alodie_Snirc,_Jean-Philippe_Vernadet,_Antoine_Branca,_Tatiana_Giraud,_Emmanuel_Coton2023"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ewen_Crequer,_Jeanne_Ropars,_Jean-Luc_Jany,_Thibault_Caron,_Monika_Coton,_Alodie_Snirc,_Jean-Philippe_Vernadet,_Antoine_Branca,_Tatiana_Giraud,_Emmanuel_Coton2023"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Ewen Crequer, Jeanne Ropars, Jean-Luc Jany, Thibault Caron, Monika Coton, Alodie Snirc, Jean-Philippe Vernadet, Antoine Branca, Tatiana Giraud, Emmanuel Coton, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">A new cheese population in Penicillium roqueforti and adaptation of the five populations to their ecological niche</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolutionary_Applications&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolutionary Applications (page inexistante)">Evolutionary Applications</a></span></i>,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-07-10" data-sort-value="2023-07-10">10 juillet 2023</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eva.13578">10.1111/eva.13578</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+new+cheese+population+in+Penicillium+roqueforti+and+adaptation+of+the+five+populations+to+their+ecological+niche&rft.jtitle=Evolutionary+Applications&rft.au=Ewen+Crequer%2C+Jeanne+Ropars%2C+Jean-Luc+Jany%2C+Thibault+Caron%2C+Monika+Coton%2C+Alodie+Snirc%2C+Jean-Philippe+Vernadet%2C+Antoine+Branca%2C+Tatiana+Giraud%2C+Emmanuel+Coton&rft.date=2023-07-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Feva.13578&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3APenicillium+roqueforti"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GBIF6_novembre_2024-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GBIF6_novembre_2024_3-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-GBIF6_novembre_2024_3-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#GBIF">GBIF Secretariat. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/39omei accessed via GBIF.org, consulté le 6 novembre 2024</a></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penicillium_roqueforti&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Penicillium_roqueforti&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Penicillium_roqueforti?uselang=fr">Catégorie Penicillium roqueforti</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <ul><li><span class="ouvrage" id="BioLib"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/BioLib" title="BioLib">BioLib</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id59622/"><i>Penicillium roqueforti</i> Sopp</a> <small>(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-11-06" data-sort-value="2024-11-06">6 novembre 2024</time>)</small></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="CatalogueofLife"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">Catalogue of Life</a></span></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/76JD3"><i>Penicillium roqueforti</i> Thom</a> <small>(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-11-06" data-sort-value="2024-11-06">6 novembre 2024</time>)</small></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Fungorum"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Index_Fungorum" title="Index Fungorum">Index Fungorum</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/GSDspecies.asp?RecordID=213525"><i> Penicillium roqueforti </i> Thom </a> <small>(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-11-06" data-sort-value="2024-11-06">6 novembre 2024</time>)</small></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="GBIF"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langues : français et anglais">(fr + en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/fr/species/2597774"><i>Penicillium roqueforti</i> Thom</a> <small>(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-11-06" data-sort-value="2024-11-06">6 novembre 2024</time>)</small></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="INPN"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : français">(fr)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/Inventaire_national_du_patrimoine_naturel" title="Inventaire national du patrimoine naturel">INPN</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inpn.mnhn.fr/isb/espece/cd_nom/811800"><i>Penicillium roqueforti</i> Thom, 1906</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taxref.mnhn.fr/taxref-web/taxa/811800">TAXREF</a>)  <small>(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-11-06" data-sort-value="2024-11-06">6 novembre 2024</time>)</small></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="MycoBank"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/MycoBank" title="MycoBank">MycoBank</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mycobank.org/MB/213525"><i> Penicillium roqueforti </i> Thom </a> <small>(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-11-06" data-sort-value="2024-11-06">6 novembre 2024</time>)</small></span></li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="NCBI"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Référence <i><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a></i> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=5082"><i>Penicillium roqueforti</i></a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?lin=s&p=has_linkout&id=5082">taxons inclus</a>) <small>(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-11-06" data-sort-value="2024-11-06">6 novembre 2024</time>)</small></span></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Fromage" title="Portail du fromage"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Twemoji2_1f9c0.svg/24px-Twemoji2_1f9c0.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Twemoji2_1f9c0.svg/36px-Twemoji2_1f9c0.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Twemoji2_1f9c0.svg/48px-Twemoji2_1f9c0.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Fromage" title="Portail:Fromage">Portail du fromage</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Mycologie" title="Portail de la mycologie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kantarell%2C_Iduns_kokbok.png/18px-Kantarell%2C_Iduns_kokbok.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kantarell%2C_Iduns_kokbok.png/27px-Kantarell%2C_Iduns_kokbok.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Kantarell%2C_Iduns_kokbok.png/36px-Kantarell%2C_Iduns_kokbok.png 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="686" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Mycologie" title="Portail:Mycologie">Portail de la mycologie</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penicillium_roqueforti&oldid=220068114">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Penicillium_roqueforti&oldid=220068114</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Esp%C3%A8ce_de_champignons_(nom_scientifique)" title="Catégorie:Espèce de champignons (nom scientifique)">Espèce de champignons (nom scientifique)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Penicillium" title="Catégorie:Penicillium">Penicillium</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Taxobox_utilisant_une_classification_non_pr%C3%A9cis%C3%A9e" title="Catégorie:Taxobox utilisant une classification non précisée">Taxobox utilisant une classification non précisée</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_avec_taxobox-champignon" title="Catégorie:Article avec taxobox-champignon">Article avec taxobox-champignon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox">Article utilisant une Infobox</a></li><li><a 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