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scoring</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: objective scoring"> <meta name="keywords" content="objective scoring"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="objective scoring"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7103</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: objective scoring</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7103</span> Application of Scoring Rubrics by Lecturers towards Objective Assessment of Essay Questions in the Department of Social Science Education, University of Calabar, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Donald%20B.%20Enu">Donald B. Enu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clement%20O.%20Ukpor"> Clement O. Ukpor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abigail%20E.%20Okon"> Abigail E. Okon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unreliable scoring of students’ performance by lecturers short-chains students’ assessment in terms of underequipping the school authority with facts as intended by society through the curriculum hence, the learners, the school and the society are cheated because the usefulness of testing is defeated. This study, therefore, examined lecturers’ scoring objectivity of essay items in the Department of Social Science Education, University of Calabar, Nigeria. Specifically, it assessed lecturers’ perception of the relevance of scoring rubrics and its level of application. Data were collected from all the 36 lecturers in the Department (28 members and 8 non-members adjourned to the department), through a 20-item questionnaire and checklist instruments. A case-study design was adopted. Descriptive statistics of frequency counts, weighted means, standard deviations, and percentages were used to analyze data gathered. A mean score of 2.5 and or 60 percent and above formed the acceptance or significant level in decision taking. It was found that lecturers perceived the use of scoring rubrics as a relevant practice to ensure fairness and reliable treatment of examiners scripts particularly in marking essay items and that there is a moderately high level of adherence to the application of scoring rubrics. It was also observed that some criteria necessary for the scoring objectivity of essay items were not fully put in place in the department. It was recommended strongly that students’ identities be hidden while marking and that pre-determined marking scheme should be prepared centrally and strictly adhered to during marking and recording of scores. Conference marking should be enforced in the department. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=essay%20items" title="essay items">essay items</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=objective%20scoring" title=" objective scoring"> objective scoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scorers%20reliability" title=" scorers reliability"> scorers reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scoring%20rubrics" title=" scoring rubrics"> scoring rubrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72011/application-of-scoring-rubrics-by-lecturers-towards-objective-assessment-of-essay-questions-in-the-department-of-social-science-education-university-of-calabar-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7102</span> An Information System for Strategic Performance Scoring in Municipal Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emin%20Gundogar">Emin Gundogar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aysegul%20Yilmaz"> Aysegul Yilmaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Strategic performance scoring is a significant procedure in management. There are various methods to improve this procedure. This study introduces an information system that is developed to score performance for municipal management. The application of the system is clarified by exemplifying municipal processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management%20information%20system" title="management information system">management information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20management" title=" municipal management"> municipal management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance%20scoring" title=" performance scoring"> performance scoring</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27132/an-information-system-for-strategic-performance-scoring-in-municipal-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">769</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7101</span> Labyrinthine Venous Vasculature Ablation for the Treatment of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Two Case Reports</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kritin%20K.%20Verma">Kritin K. Verma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bailey%20Duhon"> Bailey Duhon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20W.%20Slater"> Patrick W. Slater</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: To introduce the possible etiological role that the Labyrinthine Venous Vasculature (LVV) has in venous congestion of the cochlear system in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSNHL) patients. Patients: Two patients (62-year-old female, 50-year-old male) presented within twenty-four hours of onset of SSNHL. Intervention: Following failed conservative and salvage techniques, the patients underwent ablation of the labyrinthine venous vasculature ipsilateral to the side of the loss. Main Outcome Measures: Improvement of sudden SSNHL based on an improvement of pure-tone audiometric (PTA) low-tone scoring averages at 250, 500, and 1000 Hz. Word recognition scoring using the NU-6 word list was used to assess quality of life. Results: Case 1 experienced a 51.7 dB increase in low-tone PTA and an increased word recognition scoring of 90%. Case 2 experienced a 33.4 dB increase in low-tone PTA and 60% increase in word recognition score. No major complications noted. Conclusion: Two patients experienced significant improvement in their low-tone PTA and word recognition scoring following the labyrinthine venous vasculature ablation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20report" title="case report">case report</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sudden%20sensorineural%20hearing%20loss" title=" sudden sensorineural hearing loss"> sudden sensorineural hearing loss</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=venous%20congestion" title=" venous congestion"> venous congestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vascular%20ablation" title=" vascular ablation"> vascular ablation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147180/labyrinthine-venous-vasculature-ablation-for-the-treatment-of-sudden-sensorineural-hearing-loss-two-case-reports" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147180.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7100</span> Weighted Risk Scores Method Proposal for Occupational Safety Risk Assessment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ulas%20Cinar">Ulas Cinar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omer%20Faruk%20Ugurlu"> Omer Faruk Ugurlu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selcuk%20Cebi"> Selcuk Cebi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Occupational safety risk management is the most important element of a safe working environment. Effective risk management can only be possible with accurate analysis and evaluations. Scoring-based risk assessment methods offer considerable ease of application as they convert linguistic expressions into numerical results. It can also be easily adapted to any field. Contrary to all these advantages, important problems in scoring-based methods are frequently discussed. Effective measurability is one of the most critical problems. Existing methods allow experts to choose a score equivalent to each parameter. Therefore, experts prefer the score of the most likely outcome for risk. However, all other possible consequences are neglected. Assessments of the existing methods express the most probable level of risk, not the real risk of the enterprises. In this study, it is aimed to develop a method that will present a more comprehensive evaluation compared to the existing methods by evaluating the probability and severity scores, all sub-parameters, and potential results, and a new scoring-based method is proposed in the literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupational%20health%20and%20safety" title="occupational health and safety">occupational health and safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scoring%20based%20risk%20assessment%20method" title=" scoring based risk assessment method"> scoring based risk assessment method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=underground%20mining" title=" underground mining"> underground mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weighted%20risk%20scores" title=" weighted risk scores"> weighted risk scores</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126062/weighted-risk-scores-method-proposal-for-occupational-safety-risk-assessment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/126062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7099</span> A Medical Vulnerability Scoring System Incorporating Health and Data Sensitivity Metrics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadir%20A.%20Carreon">Nadir A. Carreon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christa%20Sonderer"> Christa Sonderer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aakarsh%20Rao"> Aakarsh Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roman%20Lysecky"> Roman Lysecky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the advent of complex software and increased connectivity, the security of life-critical medical devices is becoming an increasing concern, particularly with their direct impact on human safety. Security is essential, but it is impossible to develop completely secure and impenetrable systems at design time. Therefore, it is important to assess the potential impact on the security and safety of exploiting a vulnerability in such critical medical systems. The common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) calculates the severity of exploitable vulnerabilities. However, for medical devices it does not consider the unique challenges of impacts to human health and privacy. Thus, the scoring of a medical device on which human life depends (e.g., pacemakers, insulin pumps) can score very low, while a system on which human life does not depend (e.g., hospital archiving systems) might score very high. In this paper, we propose a medical vulnerability scoring system (MVSS) that extends CVSS to address the health and privacy concerns of medical devices. We propose incorporating two new parameters, namely health impact, and sensitivity impact. Sensitivity refers to the type of information that can be stolen from the device, and health represents the impact on the safety of the patient if the vulnerability is exploited (e.g., potential harm, life-threatening). We evaluate fifteen different known vulnerabilities in medical devices and compare MVSS against two state-of-the-art medical device-oriented vulnerability scoring systems and the foundational CVSS. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20vulnerability%20system" title="common vulnerability system">common vulnerability system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20devices" title=" medical devices"> medical devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20device%20security" title=" medical device security"> medical device security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vulnerabilities" title=" vulnerabilities"> vulnerabilities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135685/a-medical-vulnerability-scoring-system-incorporating-health-and-data-sensitivity-metrics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135685.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7098</span> Development of a Rating Scale for Elementary EFL Writing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20S.%20Assiri">Mohammed S. Assiri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In EFL programs, rating scales used in writing assessment are often constructed by intuition. Intuition-based scales tend to provide inaccurate and divisive ratings of learners’ writing performance. Hence, following an empirical approach, this study attempted to develop a rating scale for elementary-level writing at an EFL program in Saudi Arabia. Towards this goal, 98 students’ essays were scored and then coded using comprehensive taxonomy of writing constructs and their measures. An automatic linear modeling was run to find out which measures would best predict essay scores. A nonparametric ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis test, was then used to determine which measures could best differentiate among scoring levels. Findings indicated that there were certain measures that could serve as either good predictors of essay scores or differentiators among scoring levels, or both. The main conclusion was that a rating scale can be empirically developed using predictive and discriminative statistical tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20scoring" title="analytic scoring">analytic scoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rating%20scales" title=" rating scales"> rating scales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20assessment" title=" writing assessment"> writing assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20constructs" title=" writing constructs"> writing constructs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20performance" title=" writing performance"> writing performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16785/development-of-a-rating-scale-for-elementary-efl-writing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16785.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7097</span> Review and Comparison of Iran`s Sixteenth Topic of the Building with the Ranking System of the Water Sector Lead to Improve the Criteria of the Sixteenth Topic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Fatemi">O. Fatemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Considering growing building construction industry in developing countries and sustainable development concept, as well as the importance of taking care of the future generations, codifying buildings scoring system based on environmental criteria, has always been a subject for discussion. The existing systems cannot be used for all the regions due to several reasons, including but not limited to variety in regional variables. In this article, the most important common LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) and BREEAM (Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method) common and Global environmental scoring systems, used in UK, USA, and Japan, respectively, have been discussed and compared with a special focus on CASBEE (Comprehensive Assessment System for Built Environment Efficiency), to credit assigning field (weighing and scores systems) as well as sustainable development criteria in each system. Then, converging and distinct fields of the foregoing systems are examined considering National Iranian Building Code. Furthermore, the common credits in the said systems not mentioned in National Iranian Building Code have been identified. These credits, which are generally included in well-known fundamental principles in sustainable development, may be considered as offered options for the Iranian building environmental scoring system. It is suggested that one of the globally and commonly accepted systems is chosen considering national priorities in order to offer an effective method for buildings environmental scoring, and then, a part of credits is added and/or removed, or a certain credit score is changed, and eventually, a new scoring system with a new title is developed for the country. Evidently, building construction industry highly affects the environment, economy, efficiency, and health of the relevant occupants. Considering the growing trend of cities and construction, achieving building scoring systems based on environmental criteria has always been a matter of discussion. The existing systems cannot be used for all the regions due to several reasons, including but not limited to variety in regional variables. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scoring%20system" title="scoring system">scoring system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability%20assessment" title=" sustainability assessment"> sustainability assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20efficiency" title=" water efficiency"> water efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20Iranian%20building%20code" title=" national Iranian building code"> national Iranian building code</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140901/review-and-comparison-of-irans-sixteenth-topic-of-the-building-with-the-ranking-system-of-the-water-sector-lead-to-improve-the-criteria-of-the-sixteenth-topic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140901.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7096</span> Rubric in Vocational Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azmanirah%20Ab%20Rahman">Azmanirah Ab Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamil%20Ahmad"> Jamil Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruhizan%20Muhammad%20Yasin"> Ruhizan Muhammad Yasin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rubric is a very important tool for teachers and students for a variety of purposes. Teachers use the rubric for evaluating student work while students use rubrics for self-assessment. Therefore, this paper was emphasized scoring rubric as a scoring tool for teachers in an environment of Competency Based Education and Training (CBET) in Malaysia Vocational College. A total of three teachers in the fields of electrical and electronics engineering were interviewed to identify how the use of rubrics practiced since vocational transformation implemented in 2012. Overall holistic rubric used to determine the performance of students in the skills area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rubric" title="rubric">rubric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocational%20education" title=" vocational education"> vocational education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teachers" title=" teachers"> teachers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CBET" title=" CBET"> CBET</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4101/rubric-in-vocational-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">506</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7095</span> Syntax and Words as Evolutionary Characters in Comparative Linguistics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nancy%20Retzlaff">Nancy Retzlaff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20J.%20Berkemer"> Sarah J. Berkemer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trudie%20Strauss"> Trudie Strauss</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last couple of decades, the advent of digitalization of any kind of data was probably one of the major advances in all fields of study. This paves the way for also analysing these data even though they might come from disciplines where there was no initial computational necessity to do so. Especially in linguistics, one can find a rather manual tradition. Still when considering studies that involve the history of language families it is hard to overlook the striking similarities to bioinformatics (phylogenetic) approaches. Alignments of words are such a fairly well studied example of an application of bioinformatics methods to historical linguistics. In this paper we will not only consider alignments of strings, i.e., words in this case, but also alignments of syntax trees of selected Indo-European languages. Based on initial, crude alignments, a sophisticated scoring model is trained on both letters and syntactic features. The aim is to gain a better understanding on which features in two languages are related, i.e., most likely to have the same root. Initially, all words in two languages are pre-aligned with a basic scoring model that primarily selects consonants and adjusts them before fitting in the vowels. Mixture models are subsequently used to filter ‘good’ alignments depending on the alignment length and the number of inserted gaps. Using these selected word alignments it is possible to perform tree alignments of the given syntax trees and consequently find sentences that correspond rather well to each other across languages. The syntax alignments are then filtered for meaningful scores—’good’ scores contain evolutionary information and are therefore used to train the sophisticated scoring model. Further iterations of alignments and training steps are performed until the scoring model saturates, i.e., barely changes anymore. A better evaluation of the trained scoring model and its function in containing evolutionary meaningful information will be given. An assessment of sentence alignment compared to possible phrase structure will also be provided. The method described here may have its flaws because of limited prior information. This, however, may offer a good starting point to study languages where only little prior knowledge is available and a detailed, unbiased study is needed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alignments" title="alignments">alignments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioinformatics" title=" bioinformatics"> bioinformatics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20linguistics" title=" comparative linguistics"> comparative linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20linguistics" title=" historical linguistics"> historical linguistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20methods" title=" statistical methods"> statistical methods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96237/syntax-and-words-as-evolutionary-characters-in-comparative-linguistics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96237.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7094</span> Porul: Option Generation and Selection and Scoring Algorithms for a Tamil Flash Card Game</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anitha%20Narasimhan">Anitha Narasimhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aarthy%20Anandan"> Aarthy Anandan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhan%20Karky"> Madhan Karky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20N.%20Subalalitha"> C. N. Subalalitha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Games can be the excellent tools for teaching a language. There are few e-learning games in Indian languages like word scrabble, cross word, quiz games etc., which were developed mainly for educational purposes. This paper proposes a Tamil word game called, “Porul”, which focuses on education as well as on players’ thinking and decision-making skills. Porul is a multiple choice based quiz game, in which the players attempt to answer questions correctly from the given multiple options that are generated using a unique algorithm called the Option Selection algorithm which explores the semantics of the question in various dimensions namely, synonym, rhyme and Universal Networking Language semantic category. This kind of semantic exploration of the question not only increases the complexity of the game but also makes it more interesting. The paper also proposes a Scoring Algorithm which allots a score based on the popularity score of the question word. The proposed game has been tested using 20,000 Tamil words. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Porul%20game" title="Porul game">Porul game</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamil%20word%20game" title=" Tamil word game"> Tamil word game</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=option%20selection" title=" option selection"> option selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flash%20card" title=" flash card"> flash card</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scoring" title=" scoring"> scoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm" title=" algorithm"> algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81359/porul-option-generation-and-selection-and-scoring-algorithms-for-a-tamil-flash-card-game" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">404</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7093</span> Automated Human Balance Assessment Using Contactless Sensors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Justin%20Tang">Justin Tang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Balance tests are frequently used to diagnose concussions on the sidelines of sporting events. Manual scoring, however, is labor intensive and subjective, and many concussions go undetected. This study institutes a novel approach to conducting the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) more quantitatively using Microsoft’s gaming system Kinect, which uses a contactless sensor and several cameras to receive data and estimate body limb positions. Using a machine learning approach, Visual Gesture Builder, and a deterministic approach, MATLAB, we tested whether the Kinect can differentiate between “correct” and erroneous stances of the BESS. We created the two separate solutions by recording test videos to teach the Kinect correct stances and by developing a code using Java. Twenty-two subjects were asked to perform a series of BESS tests while the Kinect was collecting data. The Kinect recorded the subjects and mapped key joints onto their bodies to obtain angles and measurements that are interpreted by the software. Through VGB and MATLAB, the videos are analyzed to enumerate the number of errors committed during testing. The resulting statistics demonstrate a high correlation between manual scoring and the Kinect approaches, indicating the viability of the use of remote tracking devices in conducting concussion tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated" title="automated">automated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concussion%20detection" title=" concussion detection"> concussion detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contactless%20sensors" title=" contactless sensors"> contactless sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microsoft%20kinect" title=" microsoft kinect"> microsoft kinect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40866/automated-human-balance-assessment-using-contactless-sensors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40866.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7092</span> Robust Noisy Speech Identification Using Frame Classifier Derived Features</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Punnoose%20A.%20K.">Punnoose A. K.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an approach for identifying noisy speech recording using a multi-layer perception (MLP) trained to predict phonemes from acoustic features. Characteristics of the MLP posteriors are explored for clean speech and noisy speech at the frame level. Appropriate density functions are used to fit the softmax probability of the clean and noisy speech. A function that takes into account the ratio of the softmax probability density of noisy speech to clean speech is formulated. These phoneme independent scoring is weighted using a phoneme-specific weightage to make the scoring more robust. Simple thresholding is used to identify the noisy speech recording from the clean speech recordings. The approach is benchmarked on standard databases, with a focus on precision. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noisy%20speech%20identification" title="noisy speech identification">noisy speech identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20pre-processing" title=" speech pre-processing"> speech pre-processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20robustness" title=" noise robustness"> noise robustness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feature%20engineering" title=" feature engineering"> feature engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144694/robust-noisy-speech-identification-using-frame-classifier-derived-features" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7091</span> Leveraging Remote Assessments and Central Raters to Optimize Data Quality in Rare Neurodevelopmental Disorders Clinical Trials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pamela%20Ventola">Pamela Ventola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurel%20Bales"> Laurel Bales</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Florczyk"> Sara Florczyk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Fully remote or hybrid administration of clinical outcome measures in rare neurodevelopmental disorders trials is increasing due to the ongoing pandemic and recognition that remote assessments reduce the burden on families. Many assessments in rare neurodevelopmental disorders trials are complex; however, remote/hybrid trials readily allow for the use of centralized raters to administer and score the scales. The use of centralized raters has many benefits, including reducing site burden; however, a specific impact on data quality has not yet been determined. Purpose: The current study has two aims: a) evaluate differences in data quality between administration of a standardized clinical interview completed by centralized raters compared to those completed by site raters and b) evaluate improvement in accuracy of scoring standardized developmental assessments when scored centrally compared to when scored by site raters. Methods: For aim 1, the Vineland-3, a widely used measure of adaptive functioning, was administered by site raters (n= 52) participating in one of four rare disease trials. The measure was also administered as part of two additional trials that utilized central raters (n=7). Each rater completed a comprehensive training program on the assessment. Following completion of the training, each clinician completed a Vineland-3 with a mock caregiver. Administrations were recorded and reviewed by a neuropsychologist for administration and scoring accuracy. Raters were able to certify for the trials after demonstrating an accurate administration of the scale. For site raters, 25% of each rater’s in-study administrations were reviewed by a neuropsychologist for accuracy of administration and scoring. For central raters, the first two administrations and every 10th administration were reviewed. Aim 2 evaluated the added benefit of centralized scoring on the accuracy of scoring of the Bayley-3, a comprehensive developmental assessment widely used in rare neurodevelopmental disorders trials. Bayley-3 administrations across four rare disease trials were centrally scored. For all administrations, the site rater who administered the Bayley-3 scored the scale, and a centralized rater reviewed the video recordings of the administrations and also scored the scales to confirm accuracy. Results: For aim 1, site raters completed 138 Vineland-3 administrations. Of the138 administrations, 53 administrations were reviewed by a neuropsychologist. Four of the administrations had errors that compromised the validity of the assessment. The central raters completed 180 Vineland-3 administrations, 38 administrations were reviewed, and none had significant errors. For aim 2, 68 administrations of the Bayley-3 were reviewed and scored by both a site rater and a centralized rater. Of these administrations, 25 had errors in scoring that were corrected by the central rater. Conclusion: In rare neurodevelopmental disorders trials, sample sizes are often small, so data quality is critical. The use of central raters inherently decreases site burden, but it also decreases rater variance, as illustrated by the small team of central raters (n=7) needed to conduct all of the assessments (n=180) in these trials compared to the number of site raters (n=53) required for even fewer assessments (n=138). In addition, the use of central raters dramatically improves the quality of scoring the assessments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurodevelopmental%20disorders" title="neurodevelopmental disorders">neurodevelopmental disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20trials" title=" clinical trials"> clinical trials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rare%20disease" title=" rare disease"> rare disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20raters" title=" central raters"> central raters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20trials" title=" remote trials"> remote trials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decentralized%20trials" title=" decentralized trials"> decentralized trials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146495/leveraging-remote-assessments-and-central-raters-to-optimize-data-quality-in-rare-neurodevelopmental-disorders-clinical-trials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7090</span> Assessment of Mortgage Applications Using Fuzzy Logic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Swathi%20Sampath">Swathi Sampath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Kalaichelvi"> V. Kalaichelvi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The assessment of the risk posed by a borrower to a lender is one of the common problems that financial institutions have to deal with. Consumers vying for a mortgage are generally compared to each other by the use of a number called the Credit Score, which is generated by applying a mathematical algorithm to information in the applicant’s credit report. The higher the credit score, the lower the risk posed by the candidate, and the better he is to be taken on by the lender. The objective of the present work is to use fuzzy logic and linguistic rules to create a model that generates Credit Scores. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=credit%20scoring" title="credit scoring">credit scoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortgage" title=" mortgage"> mortgage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20assessment" title=" risk assessment"> risk assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16553/assessment-of-mortgage-applications-using-fuzzy-logic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7089</span> An Analysis of the Differences between Three Levels Water Polo Players Based on Indicators of Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mladen%20Hraste">Mladen Hraste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Jelaska"> Igor Jelaska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Granic"> Ivan Granic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The scope of this research is the identification and explanation of differences of three levels of water polo players in some parameters of effectiveness. The sample for this study was 132 matches of the Adriatic Water Polo League in the 2013/14 competition season. Using the Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparisons of mean ranks for all groups at the significance level of α=0, 05, the hypothesis that there are significant differences between groups of respondents in ten of the seventeen variables of effectiveness was confirmed. There is a reasonable possibility that the differences are caused by the degree of learned and implemented tactical knowledge, the degree of scoring ability and the best selection for certain roles in the team. The results of this study can be applied to selection of teams and players, for the selection of the appropriate match concept and for organizing training process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scoring%20abilities" title="scoring abilities">scoring abilities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selection" title=" selection"> selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tactical%20knowledge" title=" tactical knowledge"> tactical knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20polo%20effectiveness" title=" water polo effectiveness"> water polo effectiveness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21309/an-analysis-of-the-differences-between-three-levels-water-polo-players-based-on-indicators-of-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21309.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7088</span> The Backlift Technique among South African Cricket Players</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habib%20Noorbhai">Habib Noorbhai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study primarily aimed to investigate the batting backlift technique (BBT) among semi-professional, professional and current international cricket players. A key question was to investigate if the lateral batting backlift technique (LBBT) is more common at the highest levels of the game. The participants in this study sample (n = 130) were South African semi-professional players (SP) (n = 69) and professional players (P) (n = 49) and South African international professional players (SAI) (n = 12). Biomechanical and video analysis were performed on all participant groups. Classifiers were utilised to identify the batting backlift technique type (BBTT) employed by all batsmen. All statistics and wagon wheels (scoring areas of the batsmen on a cricket field) were sourced online. This study found that a LBBT is more common at the highest levels of cricket batsmanship with batsmen at the various levels of cricket having percentages of the LBBT as follows: SP = 37.7%; P = 38.8%; SAI = 75%; p = 0.001. This study also found that SAI batsmen who used the LBBT were more proficient at scoring runs in various areas around the cricket field (according to the wagon wheel analysis). This study found that a LBBT is more common at the highest levels of cricket batsmanship. Cricket coaches should also pay attention to the direction of the backlift with players, especially when correlating the backlift to various scoring areas on the cricket field. Further in-depth research is required to fully investigate the change in batting backlift techniques among cricket players over a long-term period. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cricket%20batting" title="cricket batting">cricket batting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomechanical%20analysis" title=" biomechanical analysis"> biomechanical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backlift" title=" backlift"> backlift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=performance" title=" performance"> performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73541/the-backlift-technique-among-south-african-cricket-players" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7087</span> Cleaning of Scientific References in Large Patent Databases Using Rule-Based Scoring and Clustering </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emiel%20Caron">Emiel Caron</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Patent databases contain patent related data, organized in a relational data model, and are used to produce various patent statistics. These databases store raw data about scientific references cited by patents. For example, Patstat holds references to tens of millions of scientific journal publications and conference proceedings. These references might be used to connect patent databases with bibliographic databases, e.g. to study to the relation between science, technology, and innovation in various domains. Problematic in such studies is the low data quality of the references, i.e. they are often ambiguous, unstructured, and incomplete. Moreover, a complete bibliographic reference is stored in only one attribute. Therefore, a computerized cleaning and disambiguation method for large patent databases is developed in this work. The method uses rule-based scoring and clustering. The rules are based on bibliographic metadata, retrieved from the raw data by regular expressions, and are transparent and adaptable. The rules in combination with string similarity measures are used to detect pairs of records that are potential duplicates. Due to the scoring, different rules can be combined, to join scientific references, i.e. the rules reinforce each other. The scores are based on expert knowledge and initial method evaluation. After the scoring, pairs of scientific references that are above a certain threshold, are clustered by means of single-linkage clustering algorithm to form connected components. The method is designed to disambiguate all the scientific references in the Patstat database. The performance evaluation of the clustering method, on a large golden set with highly cited papers, shows on average a 99% precision and a 95% recall. The method is therefore accurate but careful, i.e. it weighs precision over recall. Consequently, separate clusters of high precision are sometimes formed, when there is not enough evidence for connecting scientific references, e.g. in the case of missing year and journal information for a reference. The clusters produced by the method can be used to directly link the Patstat database with bibliographic databases as the Web of Science or Scopus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title="clustering">clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20cleaning" title=" data cleaning"> data cleaning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20disambiguation" title=" data disambiguation"> data disambiguation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title=" data mining"> data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patent%20analysis" title=" patent analysis"> patent analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scientometrics" title=" scientometrics"> scientometrics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80011/cleaning-of-scientific-references-in-large-patent-databases-using-rule-based-scoring-and-clustering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7086</span> Scoring Approach to Identify High-Risk Corridors for Winter Safety Measures ‎in the Iranian Roads Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mokhber">M. Mokhber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Hedayati"> J. Hedayati </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> From the managerial perspective, it is important to devise an operational plan based on top priorities due to limited resources, diversity of measures and high costs needed to improve safety in infrastructure. Dealing with the high-risk corridors across Iran, this study prioritized the corridors according to statistical data on accidents involving fatalities, injury or damage over three consecutive years. In collaboration with the Iranian Police Department, data were collected and modified. Then, the prioritization criteria were specified based on the expertise opinions and international standards. In this study, the prioritization criteria included accident severity and accident density. Finally, the criteria were standardized and weighted (equal weights) to score each high-risk corridor. The prioritization phase involved the scoring and weighting procedure. The high-risk corridors were divided into twelve groups out of 50. The results of data analysis for a three-year span suggested that the first three groups (150 corridors) along with a quarter of Iranian road network length account for nearly 60% of traffic accidents. In the next step, according to variables including weather conditions particular roads for the purpose of winter safety measures were extracted from the abovementioned categories. According to the results ranking, ‎‏9‏‎ roads with the overall ‎length of about ‎‎‏1000‏‎ Km of high-risk corridors are considered as preferences of ‎safety measures‎. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-risk%20corridors" title="high-risk corridors">high-risk corridors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HRCs" title=" HRCs"> HRCs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety%20rating" title=" road safety rating"> road safety rating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20scoring" title=" road scoring"> road scoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=winter%20safety%20measures" title=" winter safety measures"> winter safety measures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89175/scoring-approach-to-identify-high-risk-corridors-for-winter-safety-measures-in-the-iranian-roads-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89175.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7085</span> Automatic Classification for the Degree of Disc Narrowing from X-Ray Images Using CNN</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwangmin%20Joo">Kwangmin Joo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Automatic detection of lumbar vertebrae and classification method is proposed for evaluating the degree of disc narrowing. Prior to classification, deep learning based segmentation is applied to detect individual lumbar vertebra. M-net is applied to segment five lumbar vertebrae and fine-tuning segmentation is employed to improve the accuracy of segmentation. Using the features extracted from previous step, clustering technique, k-means clustering, is applied to estimate the degree of disc space narrowing under four grade scoring system. As preliminary study, techniques proposed in this research could help building an automatic scoring system to diagnose the severity of disc narrowing from X-ray images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Disc%20space%20narrowing" title="Disc space narrowing">Disc space narrowing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Degenerative%20disc%20disorders" title=" Degenerative disc disorders"> Degenerative disc disorders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deep%20learning%20based%20segmentation" title=" Deep learning based segmentation"> Deep learning based segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clustering%20technique" title=" Clustering technique"> Clustering technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128673/automatic-classification-for-the-degree-of-disc-narrowing-from-x-ray-images-using-cnn" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">125</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7084</span> Artificial Intelligence Based Method in Identifying Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes of Triple Negative Breast Cancer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurkhairul%20Bariyah%20Baharun">Nurkhairul Bariyah Baharun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afzan%20Adam"> Afzan Adam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reena%20Rahayu%20Md%20Zin"> Reena Rahayu Md Zin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tumor microenvironment (TME) in breast cancer is mainly composed of cancer cells, immune cells, and stromal cells. The interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment plays an important role in tumor development, progression, and treatment response. The TME in breast cancer includes tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) that are implicated in killing tumor cells. TILs can be found in tumor stroma (sTILs) and within the tumor (iTILs). TILs in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) have been demonstrated to have prognostic and potentially predictive value. The international Immune-Oncology Biomarker Working Group (TIL-WG) had developed a guideline focus on the assessment of sTILs using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides. According to the guideline, the pathologists use “eye balling” method on the H&E stained- slide for sTILs assessment. This method has low precision, poor interobserver reproducibility, and is time-consuming for a comprehensive evaluation, besides only counted sTILs in their assessment. The TIL-WG has therefore recommended that any algorithm for computational assessment of TILs utilizing the guidelines provided to overcome the limitations of manual assessment, thus providing highly accurate and reliable TILs detection and classification for reproducible and quantitative measurement. This study is carried out to develop a TNBC digital whole slide image (WSI) dataset from H&E-stained slides and IHC (CD4+ and CD8+) stained slides. TNBC cases were retrieved from the database of the Department of Pathology, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz (HCTM). TNBC cases diagnosed between the year 2010 and 2021 with no history of other cancer and available block tissue were included in the study (n=58). Tissue blocks were sectioned approximately 4 µm for H&E and IHC stain. The H&E staining was performed according to a well-established protocol. Indirect IHC stain was also performed on the tissue sections using protocol from Diagnostic BioSystems PolyVue™ Plus Kit, USA. The slides were stained with rabbit monoclonal, CD8 antibody (SP16) and Rabbit monoclonal, CD4 antibody (EP204). The selected and quality-checked slides were then scanned using a high-resolution whole slide scanner (Pannoramic DESK II DW- slide scanner) to digitalize the tissue image with a pixel resolution of 20x magnification. A manual TILs (sTILs and iTILs) assessment was then carried out by the appointed pathologist (2 pathologists) for manual TILs scoring from the digital WSIs following the guideline developed by TIL-WG 2014, and the result displayed as the percentage of sTILs and iTILs per mm² stromal and tumour area on the tissue. Following this, we aimed to develop an automated digital image scoring framework that incorporates key elements of manual guidelines (including both sTILs and iTILs) using manually annotated data for robust and objective quantification of TILs in TNBC. From the study, we have developed a digital dataset of TNBC H&E and IHC (CD4+ and CD8+) stained slides. We hope that an automated based scoring method can provide quantitative and interpretable TILs scoring, which correlates with the manual pathologist-derived sTILs and iTILs scoring and thus has potential prognostic implications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20quantification" title="automated quantification">automated quantification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20pathology" title=" digital pathology"> digital pathology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=triple%20negative%20breast%20cancer" title=" triple negative breast cancer"> triple negative breast cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumour%20infiltrating%20lymphocytes" title=" tumour infiltrating lymphocytes"> tumour infiltrating lymphocytes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153691/artificial-intelligence-based-method-in-identifying-tumour-infiltrating-lymphocytes-of-triple-negative-breast-cancer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7083</span> Compare the Effectiveness of Web Based and Blended Learning on Paediatric Basic Life Support</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Janet">Maria Janet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anita%20David"> Anita David</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Vijayasamundeeswarimaria"> P. Vijayasamundeeswarimaria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The main purpose of this study is to compare the effectiveness of web-based and blended learning on Paediatric Basic Life Support on competency among undergraduate nursing students in selected nursing colleges in Chennai. Materials and methods: A descriptive pre-test and post-test study design were used for this study. Samples of 100 Fourth year B.Sc., nursing students at Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Nursing SRIHER, Chennai, 100 Fourth year B.Sc., nursing students at Apollo College of Nursing, Chennai, were selected by purposive sampling technique. The instrument used for data collection was Knowledge Questionnaire on Paediatric Basic Life Support (PBLS). It consists of 29 questions on the general expansion of Basic Life Support and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Prerequisites of Basic Life Support, and Knowledge on Paediatric Basic Life Support in which each question has four multiple choices answers, each right answer carrying one mark and no negative scoring. This questionnaire was formed with reference to AHA 2020 (American Heart Association) revised guidelines. Results: After the post-test, in the web-based learning group, 58.8% of the students had an inadequate level of objective performance score, while 41.1% of them had an adequate level of objective performance score. In the blended learning group, 26.5% of the students had an inadequate level of an objective performance score, and 73.4% of the students had an adequate level of an objective performance score. There was an association between the post-test level of knowledge and the demographic variables of undergraduate nursing students undergoing blended learning. The age was significant at a p-value of 0.01, and the performance of BLS before was significant at a p-value of 0.05. The results show that there was a significant positive correlation between knowledge and objective performance score of undergraduate nursing students undergoing web-based learning on paediatric basic life support. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20life%20support" title="basic life support">basic life support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paediatric%20basic%20life%20support" title=" paediatric basic life support"> paediatric basic life support</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=web-based%20learning" title=" web-based learning"> web-based learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blended%20learning" title=" blended learning"> blended learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161398/compare-the-effectiveness-of-web-based-and-blended-learning-on-paediatric-basic-life-support" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161398.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7082</span> Improving Detection of Illegitimate Scores and Assessment in Most Advantageous Tenders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao-Hsi%20Tseng">Hao-Hsi Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsin-Yun%20Lee"> Hsin-Yun Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Most Advantageous Tender (MAT) has been criticized for its susceptibility to dictatorial situations and for its processing of same score, same rank issues. This study applies the four criteria from Arrow's Impossibility Theorem to construct a mechanism for revealing illegitimate scores in scoring methods. While commonly be used to improve on problems resulting from extreme scores, ranking methods hide significant defects, adversely affecting selection fairness. To address these shortcomings, this study relies mainly on the overall evaluated score method, using standardized scores plus normal cumulative distribution function conversion to calculate the evaluation of vender preference. This allows for free score evaluations, which reduces the influence of dictatorial behavior and avoiding same score, same rank issues. Large-scale simulations confirm that this method outperforms currently used methods using the Impossibility Theorem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arrow%E2%80%99s%20impossibility%20theorem" title="Arrow’s impossibility theorem">Arrow’s impossibility theorem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cumulative%20normal%20distribution%20function" title=" cumulative normal distribution function"> cumulative normal distribution function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=most%20advantageous%20tender" title=" most advantageous tender"> most advantageous tender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scoring%20method" title=" scoring method "> scoring method </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28136/improving-detection-of-illegitimate-scores-and-assessment-in-most-advantageous-tenders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7081</span> Callous-Unemotional Traits in Preschoolers: Distinct Associations with Empathy Subcomponents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Stylianopoulou">E. Stylianopoulou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20K.%20Fanti"> A. K. Fanti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Object: Children scoring high on Callous-Unemotional traits (CU traits) exhibit lack of empathy. More specifically, children scoring high on CU traits appear to exhibit deficits on affective empathy or deficits in other constructs. However, little is known about cognitive empathy, and it's relation with CU traits in preschoolers. Despite the fact that empathy is measurable at a very young age, relatively less study has focused on empathy in preschoolers than older children with CU traits. The present study examines the cognitive and affective empathy in preschoolers with CU traits. The aim was to examine the differences between cognitive and affective empathy in those individuals. Based on previous research in children with CU traits, it was hypothesized that preschoolers scoring high in CU traits will show deficits in both cognitive and affective empathy; however, more deficits will be detected in affective empathy rather than cognitive empathy. Method: The sample size was 209 children, of which 109 were male, and 100 were female between the ages of 3 and 7 (M=4.73, SD=0.71). From those participants, only 175 completed all the items. The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional traits was used to measure CU traits. Moreover, the Griffith Empathy Measure (GEM) Affective Scale and the Griffith Empathy Measure (GEM) Cognitive Scale was used to measure Affective and Cognitive empathy, respectively. Results: Linear Regression was applied to examine the preceding hypotheses. The results showed that generally, there was a moderate negative association between CU traits and empathy, which was significant. More specifically, it has been found that there was a significant and negative moderate relation between CU traits and cognitive empathy. Surprisingly, results indicated that there was no significant relation between CU traits and affective empathy. Conclusion: The current findings support that preschoolers show deficits in understanding others emotions, indicating a significant association between CU traits and cognitive empathy. However, such a relation was not found between CU traits and affective empathy. The current results raised the importance that there is a need for focusing more on cognitive empathy in preschoolers with CU traits, a component that seems to be underestimated till now. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=affective%20empathy" title="affective empathy">affective empathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=callous-unemotional%20traits" title=" callous-unemotional traits"> callous-unemotional traits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20empathy" title=" cognitive empathy"> cognitive empathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preschoolers" title=" preschoolers"> preschoolers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129655/callous-unemotional-traits-in-preschoolers-distinct-associations-with-empathy-subcomponents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129655.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7080</span> External Validation of Established Pre-Operative Scoring Systems in Predicting Response to Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kantha%20Siddhanth%20Gujjari">Kantha Siddhanth Gujjari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaani%20Singhal"> Shaani Singhal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Andrew%20Danks"> Robert Andrew Danks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrian%20Praeger"> Adrian Praeger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a heterogenous pain syndrome characterised by short paroxysms of lancinating facial pain in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve, often triggered by usually innocuous stimuli. TN has a low prevalence of less than 0.1%, of which 80% to 90% is caused by compression of the trigeminal nerve from an adjacent artery or vein. The root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve is most sensitive to neurovascular conflict (NVC), causing dysmyelination. Whilst microvascular decompression (MVD) is an effective treatment for TN with NVC, all patients do not achieve long-term pain relief. Pre-operative scoring systems by Panczykowski and Hardaway have been proposed but have not been externally validated. These pre-operative scoring systems are composite scores calculated according to a subtype of TN, presence and degree of neurovascular conflict, and response to medical treatments. There is discordance in the assessment of NVC identified on pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between neurosurgeons and radiologists. To our best knowledge, the prognostic impact for MVD of this difference of interpretation has not previously been investigated in the form of a composite scoring system such as those suggested by Panczykowski and Hardaway. Aims: This study aims to identify prognostic factors and externally validate the proposed scoring systems by Panczykowski and Hardaway for TN. A secondary aim is to investigate the prognostic difference between a neurosurgeon's interpretation of NVC on MRI compared with a radiologist’s. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 95 patients who underwent de novo MVD in a single neurosurgical unit in Melbourne. Data was recorded from patients’ hospital records and neurosurgeon’s correspondence from perioperative clinic reviews. Patient demographics, type of TN, distribution of TN, response to carbamazepine, neurosurgeon, and radiologist interpretation of NVC on MRI, were clearly described prospectively and preoperatively in the correspondence. Scoring systems published by Panczykowski et al. and Hardaway et al. were used to determine composite scores, which were compared with the recurrence of TN recorded during follow-up over 1-year. Categorical data analysed using Pearson chi-square testing. Independent numerical and nominal data analysed with logistical regression. Results: Logistical regression showed that a Panczykowski composite score of greater than 3 points was associated with a higher likelihood of pain-free outcome 1-year post-MVD with an OR 1.81 (95%CI 1.41-2.61, p=0.032). The composite score using neurosurgeon’s impression of NVC had an OR 2.96 (95%CI 2.28-3.31, p=0.048). A Hardaway composite score of greater than 2 points was associated with a higher likelihood of pain-free outcome 1 year post-MVD with an OR 3.41 (95%CI 2.58-4.37, p=0.028). The composite score using neurosurgeon’s impression of NVC had an OR 3.96 (95%CI 3.01-4.65, p=0.042). Conclusion: Composite scores developed by Panczykowski and Hardaway were validated for the prediction of response to MVD in TN. A composite score based on the neurosurgeon’s interpretation of NVC on MRI, when compared with the radiologist’s had a greater correlation with pain-free outcomes 1 year post-MVD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=de%20novo%20microvascular%20decompression" title="de novo microvascular decompression">de novo microvascular decompression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neurovascular%20conflict" title=" neurovascular conflict"> neurovascular conflict</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prognosis" title=" prognosis"> prognosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trigeminal%20neuralgia" title=" trigeminal neuralgia"> trigeminal neuralgia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170616/external-validation-of-established-pre-operative-scoring-systems-in-predicting-response-to-microvascular-decompression-for-trigeminal-neuralgia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170616.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7079</span> Pudhaiyal: A Maze-Based Treasure Hunt Game for Tamil Words</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aarthy%20Anandan">Aarthy Anandan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anitha%20Narasimhan"> Anitha Narasimhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madhan%20Karky"> Madhan Karky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Word-based games are popular in helping people to improve their vocabulary skills. Games like ‘word search’ and crosswords provide a smart way of increasing vocabulary skills. Word search games are fun to play, but also educational which actually helps to learn a language. Finding the words from word search puzzle helps the player to remember words in an easier way, and it also helps to learn the spellings of words. In this paper, we present a tile distribution algorithm for a Maze-Based Treasure Hunt Game 'Pudhaiyal’ for Tamil words, which describes how words can be distributed horizontally, vertically or diagonally in a 10 x 10 grid. Along with the tile distribution algorithm, we also present an algorithm for the scoring model of the game. The proposed game has been tested with 20,000 Tamil words. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pudhaiyal" title="Pudhaiyal">Pudhaiyal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tamil%20word%20game" title=" Tamil word game"> Tamil word game</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=word%20search" title=" word search"> word search</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scoring" title=" scoring"> scoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maze" title=" maze"> maze</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm" title=" algorithm"> algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81334/pudhaiyal-a-maze-based-treasure-hunt-game-for-tamil-words" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">441</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7078</span> Karyotyping the Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20M.%20Alzahrani">Abdullah M. Alzahrani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The karyotypes of Khalas (KH), Sukkary (SK), Sheeshi (SS), Shibeebi (SB) and Sillije (SJ) date palm cultivars were investigated. Data showed no variation in chromosome number, 2n = 36, 34 autosomes in addition to XX in females and XY in males. Mean autosomes length ranged from 3.85-9.93 μm and 3.71-2.73 μm for X and Y chromosomes, respectively. The formula of female date palm karyotype was 8m + 4sm +2st + 4t, and submedian Y chromosome. Relative chromosome length ranged from 3.3- 9.38 μm. SS cultivar showed high asymmetry levels by scoring low values of Syi (45.51), TF (42.8) and high values for A1 (0.53), A (0.41) and AI (0.29). Syi developed an inverse relation with A1 and A while A exhibited a direct correlation with A1. Cultivars SK, SB and SJ score medium values of Syi, A1, AI and A. KH cultivar exhibited high symmetry by scoring highest values of Syi (53.68), TF (51.81) and lowest values of A1 (0.44), A (0.34) and AI (0.18). Higher DI value was obtained in SB cultivar (1.34) followed by SJ (1.15) and low DI scores of 0.99, 0.86 and 0.71 were detected in KH, SS and SK, respectively. Stebbins classification assorted SS as 3B and the other cultivars as 2B, insuring the evolution and asymmetry of SS compared to the other karyotypes. Scatter diagram of Syi-A1 couple has the advantage of revealing high degree of sensitivity to present karyotype interrelationships, followed by AI-A and CVCL-CVCI couples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karyotype" title="Karyotype">Karyotype</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=date%20palm" title=" date palm"> date palm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalas" title=" Khalas"> Khalas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukkary" title=" Sukkary"> Sukkary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheeshi" title=" Sheeshi"> Sheeshi</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40557/karyotyping-the-date-palm-phoenix-dactylifera-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7077</span> Supervised-Component-Based Generalised Linear Regression with Multiple Explanatory Blocks: THEME-SCGLR</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bry%20X.">Bry X.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Trottier%20C."> Trottier C.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mortier%20F."> Mortier F.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cornu%20G."> Cornu G.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Verron%20T."> Verron T.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We address component-based regularization of a Multivariate Generalized Linear Model (MGLM). A set of random responses Y is assumed to depend, through a GLM, on a set X of explanatory variables, as well as on a set T of additional covariates. X is partitioned into R conceptually homogeneous blocks X1, ... , XR , viewed as explanatory themes. Variables in each Xr are assumed many and redundant. Thus, Generalised Linear Regression (GLR) demands regularization with respect to each Xr. By contrast, variables in T are assumed selected so as to demand no regularization. Regularization is performed searching each Xr for an appropriate number of orthogonal components that both contribute to model Y and capture relevant structural information in Xr. We propose a very general criterion to measure structural relevance (SR) of a component in a block, and show how to take SR into account within a Fisher-scoring-type algorithm in order to estimate the model. We show how to deal with mixed-type explanatory variables. The method, named THEME-SCGLR, is tested on simulated data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Component-Model" title="Component-Model">Component-Model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fisher%20Scoring%20Algorithm" title=" Fisher Scoring Algorithm"> Fisher Scoring Algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GLM" title=" GLM"> GLM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLS%20Regression" title=" PLS Regression"> PLS Regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SCGLR" title=" SCGLR"> SCGLR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEER" title=" SEER"> SEER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=THEME" title=" THEME"> THEME</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19061/supervised-component-based-generalised-linear-regression-with-multiple-explanatory-blocks-theme-scglr" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7076</span> Demographic Characteristics and Factors Affecting Mortality in Pediatric Trauma Patients Who Are Admitted to Emergency Service</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latif%20Duran">Latif Duran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erdem%20Aydin"> Erdem Aydin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmet%20Baydin"> Ahmet Baydin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kemal%20Erenler"> Ali Kemal Erenler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iskender%20Aksoy"> Iskender Aksoy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: In this retrospective study, we aim to contribute to the literature by presenting the proposals for taking measures to reduce the mortality by examining the demographic characteristics of the pediatric age group patients presenting with trauma and the factors that may cause mortality Material and Method: This study has been performed by retrospectively investigating the data obtained from the patient files and the hospital automation registration system of the pediatric trauma patients who applied to the Adult Emergency Department of the Ondokuz Mayıs University Medical Faculty between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2016. Results: 289 of 415 patients involved in our study, were males. The median age was 11.3 years. The most common trauma mechanism was falling from the high. A significant statistical difference was found on the association between trauma mechanisms and gender. An increase in the number of trauma cases was found especially in the summer months. The study showed that thoracic and abdominal trauma was relevant to the increased mortality. Computerized tomography was the most common diagnostic imaging modality. The presence of subarachnoid hemorrhage has increased the risk of mortality by 62.3 fold. Eight of the patients (1.9%) died. Scoring systems were statistically significant to predict mortality. Conclusion: Children are vulnerable to trauma because of their unique anatomical and physiological differences compared to adult patient groups. It will be more successful in the mortality rate and in the post-traumatic healing process by administering the patient triage fast and most appropriate trauma centers in the prehospital period, management of the critical patients with the scoring systems and management with standard treatment protocols <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20service" title="emergency service">emergency service</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pediatric%20patients" title=" pediatric patients"> pediatric patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scoring%20systems" title=" scoring systems"> scoring systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title=" trauma"> trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=age%20groups" title=" age groups"> age groups</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91446/demographic-characteristics-and-factors-affecting-mortality-in-pediatric-trauma-patients-who-are-admitted-to-emergency-service" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/91446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7075</span> The Recorded Interaction Task: A Validation Study of a New Observational Tool to Assess Mother-Infant Bonding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannah%20Edwards">Hannah Edwards</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Femke%20T.%20A.%20Buisman-Pijlman"> Femke T. A. Buisman-Pijlman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adrian%20Esterman"> Adrian Esterman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Craig%20Phillips"> Craig Phillips</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20Orgeig"> Sandra Orgeig</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andrea%20Gordon"> Andrea Gordon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mother-infant bonding is a term which refers to the early emotional connectedness between a mother and her infant. Strong mother-infant bonding promotes higher quality mother and infant interactions including prolonged breastfeeding, secure attachment and increased sensitive parenting and maternal responsiveness. Strengthening of all such interactions leads to improved social behavior, and emotional and cognitive development throughout childhood, adolescence and adulthood. The positive outcomes observed following strong mother-infant bonding emphasize the need to screen new mothers for disrupted mother-infant bonding, and in turn the need for a robust, valid tool to assess mother-infant bonding. A recent scoping review conducted by the research team identified four tools to assess mother-infant bonding, all of which employed self-rating scales. Thus, whilst these tools demonstrated both adequate validity and reliability, they rely on self-reported information from the mother. As such this may reflect a mother’s perception of bonding with their infant, rather than their actual behavior. Therefore, a new tool to assess mother-infant bonding has been developed. The Recorded Interaction Task (RIT) addresses shortcomings of previous tools by employing observational methods to assess bonding. The RIT focusses on the common interaction between mother and infant of changing a nappy, at the target age of 2-6 months, which is visually recorded and then later assessed. Thirteen maternal and seven infant behaviors are scored on the RIT Observation Scoring Sheet, and a final combined score of mother-infant bonding is determined. The aim of the current study was to assess the content validity and inter-rater reliability of the RIT. A panel of six experts with specialized expertise in bonding and infant behavior were consulted. Experts were provided with the RIT Observation Scoring Sheet, a visual recording of a nappy change interaction, and a feedback form. Experts scored the mother and infant interaction on the RIT Observation Scoring Sheet and completed the feedback form which collected their opinions on the validity of each item on the RIT Observation Scoring Sheet and the RIT as a whole. Twelve of the 20 items on the RIT Observation Scoring Sheet were scored ‘Valid’ by all (n=6) or most (n=5) experts. Two items received a ‘Not valid’ score from one expert. The remainder of the items received a mixture of ‘Valid’ and ‘Potentially Valid’ scores. Few changes were made to the RIT Observation Scoring Sheet following expert feedback, including rewording of items for clarity and the exclusion of an item focusing on behavior deemed not relevant for the target infant age. The overall ICC for single rater absolute agreement was 0.48 (95% CI 0.28 – 0.71). Experts (n=6) ratings were less consistent for infant behavior (ICC 0.27 (-0.01 – 0.82)) compared to mother behavior (ICC 0.55 (0.28 – 0.80)). Whilst previous tools employ self-report methods to assess mother-infant bonding, the RIT utilizes observational methods. The current study highlights adequate content validity and moderate inter-rater reliability of the RIT, supporting its use in future research. A convergent validity study comparing the RIT against an existing tool is currently being undertaken to confirm these results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=content%20validity" title="content validity">content validity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter-rater%20reliability" title=" inter-rater reliability"> inter-rater reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mother-infant%20bonding" title=" mother-infant bonding"> mother-infant bonding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=observational%20tool" title=" observational tool"> observational tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recorded%20interaction%20task" title=" recorded interaction task"> recorded interaction task</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86858/the-recorded-interaction-task-a-validation-study-of-a-new-observational-tool-to-assess-mother-infant-bonding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86858.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7074</span> A Copula-Based Approach for the Assessment of Severity of Illness and Probability of Mortality: An Exploratory Study Applied to Intensive Care Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ainura%20Tursunalieva">Ainura Tursunalieva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irene%20Hudson"> Irene Hudson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Continuous improvement of both the quality and safety of health care is an important goal in Australia and internationally. The intensive care unit (ICU) receives patients with a wide variety of and severity of illnesses. Accurately identifying patients at risk of developing complications or dying is crucial to increasing healthcare efficiency. Thus, it is essential for clinicians and researchers to have a robust framework capable of evaluating the risk profile of a patient. ICU scoring systems provide such a framework. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III and the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II are ICU scoring systems frequently used for assessing the severity of acute illness. These scoring systems collect multiple risk factors for each patient including physiological measurements then render the assessment outcomes of individual risk factors into a single numerical value. A higher score is related to a more severe patient condition. Furthermore, the Mortality Probability Model II uses logistic regression based on independent risk factors to predict a patient’s probability of mortality. An important overlooked limitation of SAPS II and MPM II is that they do not, to date, include interaction terms between a patient’s vital signs. This is a prominent oversight as it is likely there is an interplay among vital signs. The co-existence of certain conditions may pose a greater health risk than when these conditions exist independently. One barrier to including such interaction terms in predictive models is the dimensionality issue as it becomes difficult to use variable selection. We propose an innovative scoring system which takes into account a dependence structure among patient’s vital signs, such as systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, pulse interval, and peripheral oxygen saturation. Copulas will capture the dependence among normally distributed and skewed variables as some of the vital sign distributions are skewed. The estimated dependence parameter will then be incorporated into the traditional scoring systems to adjust the points allocated for the individual vital sign measurements. The same dependence parameter will also be used to create an alternative copula-based model for predicting a patient’s probability of mortality. The new copula-based approach will accommodate not only a patient’s trajectories of vital signs but also the joint dependence probabilities among the vital signs. We hypothesise that this approach will produce more stable assessments and lead to more time efficient and accurate predictions. We will use two data sets: (1) 250 ICU patients admitted once to the Chui Regional Hospital (Kyrgyzstan) and (2) 37 ICU patients’ agitation-sedation profiles collected by the Hunter Medical Research Institute (Australia). Both the traditional scoring approach and our copula-based approach will be evaluated using the Brier score to indicate overall model performance, the concordance (or c) statistic to indicate the discriminative ability (or area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve), and goodness-of-fit statistics for calibration. We will also report discrimination and calibration values and establish visualization of the copulas and high dimensional regions of risk interrelating two or three vital signs in so-called higher dimensional ROCs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copula" title="copula">copula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intensive%20unit%20scoring%20system" title=" intensive unit scoring system"> intensive unit scoring system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ROC%20curves" title=" ROC curves"> ROC curves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vital%20sign%20dependence" title=" vital sign dependence"> vital sign dependence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88209/a-copula-based-approach-for-the-assessment-of-severity-of-illness-and-probability-of-mortality-an-exploratory-study-applied-to-intensive-care-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88209.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=objective%20scoring&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=objective%20scoring&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=objective%20scoring&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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