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He contrived a plan to return to her, but when his sister's German maid turned up without the necessary paperwork to cross to the border with him, he abandoned his plan as well as his love and turned north for Saint Petersburg. There he reunited with his mother, and made the acquaintance of Maria Petrovna Ivanova. After a brief courtship, they married, but the marriage was short-lived, as Maria was tactless and uninterested in his music. His initial fondness for her was said to have inspired the trio in the first act of his opera ''[[A Life for the Tsar]]'' (1836), but his naturally sweet disposition coarsened under his wife's and mother-in-law's constant criticism. When the marriage ended, she remarried, and Glinka moved in with his mother, and later with his sister, Lyudmila Shestakova.<ref name="Глинка"/> ''A Life for the Tsar'' was the first of Glinka's two great operas. It was originally entitled ''Ivan Susanin''. Set in 1612, it tells the story of the Russian peasant and patriotic hero [[Ivan Susanin]] who sacrifices his life for the [[Tsar]] by leading astray a group of marauding [[Polish people|Poles]] who were hunting him. [[Nicholas I of Russia|Tsar Nicholas I]] himself followed the work's progress with interest and suggested the change in the title. It was a great success at its premiere on 9 December 1836, under the direction of [[Catterino Cavos]], who had written an opera on the same subject in Italy. The Tsar rewarded Glinka for his work with a ring valued at 4,000 [[Russian ruble|rubles]]. (During the Soviet era, the opera was staged under its original title, ''Ivan Susanin.'') In 1837, Glinka was installed as the instructor of the [[Saint Petersburg Court Capella|Imperial Chapel Choir]], with a yearly salary of 25,000 rubles and lodging at the court. In 1838, at the Tsar's suggestion, he traveled to Ukraine to gather new voices for the choir; the 19 new boys he found earned him another 1,500 rubles from the Tsar. He soon embarked on his second opera, ''[[Ruslan and Lyudmila (opera)|Ruslan and Lyudmila]]''. The plot, based on the tale by [[Alexander Pushkin]], was concocted in 15 minutes by [[Konstantin Bakhturin]], a poet who was drunk at the time. Consequently, the opera is a dramatic muddle, yet the quality of Glinka's music is higher than in ''A Life for the Tsar''. The [[overture]] features a descending [[whole tone scale]] associated with the villainous dwarf Chernomor, who has abducted Lyudmila, daughter of the Prince of [[Kiev]]. There is much Italianate [[coloratura]], and Act 3 contains several routine ballet numbers, but Glinka's great achievement lies in his use of folk melody which becomes thoroughly infused into the [[musical argument]]. Much of the borrowed folk material is [[oriental]] in origin. When it debuted on 9 December 1842, it was received coolly, but subsequently gained popularity. ===Later years=== [[File:Яненко Яков Федосеевич - Портрет М. И. Глинки (1840).png|thumb|right|Portrait of Mikhail Glinka by Yakov Yanenko, 1840]] Glinka went through a dejected year after the poor reception of ''Ruslan and Lyudmila''. His spirits rose when he travelled to Paris and Spain. In Spain he met Don Pedro Fernández, his secretary and companion for the last nine years of his life.<ref>[http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/11279?q=glinka&source=omo_gmo&search=quick&hbutton_search.x=26&hbutton_search.y=13&pos=1&_start=1#firsthit Grove Music Online "Glinka"]</ref> In Paris, [[Hector Berlioz]] conducted some excerpts from Glinka's operas and wrote an appreciative article about him. Glinka in turn admired Berlioz's music and resolved to compose some ''fantasies pittoresques'' for orchestra. Beginning in 1852, he spent two years in Paris, living quietly and frequently visiting the [[botanical gardens|botanical]] and [[Zoo|zoological gardens]]. He then moved to Berlin where, after five months, he died suddenly on 15 February 1857, following a [[cold]]. He was buried in Berlin, but a few months later his body was taken to Saint Petersburg and reinterred in the cemetery of the [[Alexander Nevsky Monastery]]. ===The genesis of a Russian style=== Glinka was the beginning of a new direction in Russian music.<ref name=belcanto>[http://www.belcanto.ru/glinka.html Mikhail Glinka]</ref><ref name=super>[http://www.superinf.ru/view_helpstud.php?id=305 Creativity M.I. Glinka // ru: Творчество М.И. Глинки (лекция)]</ref> Musical culture arrived in Russia from Europe, and for the first time specifically Russian music began to appear, in Glinka's operas. Historical events were often used as its basis, but for the first time they were presented realistically.<ref name="super" /><ref name="velikaya">[http://velikayakultura.ru/russkaya-muzika/tvorchestvo-m-i-glinki-proizvedeniya-zhanryi-analiz Culture: The Works of Glinka // ru: Творчество Глинки]</ref> The first to note this new direction was [[Alexander Serov]].<ref name="classi">{{cite web|url=http://www.classic-music.ru/serov.html|title=Александр Серов (Alexander Serov)|publisher=Классическая музыка|language=ru|access-date=17 March 2013}}</ref> He was then joined by his friend [[Vladimir Stasov]],<ref name="classi"/> who became the theorist of this cultural trend;<ref name=velikaya/> it was developed further by composers of "[[The Five (composers)|The Five]]".<ref name=belcanto/><ref name=super/> Modern Russian music critic [[Viktor Korshikov]] wrote: "Russian musical culture [would not have developed] without...three operas—[[A Life for the Tsar|''Ivan Soussanine'']], [[Ruslan and Lyudmila (opera)|''Ruslan and Ludmila'']], and [[The Stone Guest (Dargomyzhsky)|''The Stone Guest'']]. ''Soussanine'' is an opera where the main character is the people; ''Ruslan'' is the mythical, deeply Russian intrigue; and in ''Guest'', the drama dominates over the softness of the beauty of sound."<ref>''[[Victor Korshikov]]''. Do you want, I'll teach you to love the opera. And not only about the music. Publishing house Ya T. Moscow, 2007 // ru: ''Виктор Коршиков.'' Хотите, я научу вас любить оперу. О музыке и не только. Издательство ЯТЬ. Москва, 2007</ref> Two of these operas—''Ivan Soussanine'' and ''Ruslan and Ludmila—''were Glinka's. Glinka's work, and that of the composers and other creative people he inspired, has been instrumental in the development of a distinctly Russian artistic style that occupies a prominent place in world culture. </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Return to <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka" title="Mikhail Glinka">Mikhail Glinka</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Glinka</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mikhail_Glinka&action=edit&section=2&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-7sh2w","wgBackendResponseTime":239,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.055","walltime":"0.073","ppvisitednodes":{"value":418,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":17740,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6556,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":469,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 50.227 1 -total"," 99.85% 50.154 2 Template:Blocked_text"," 42.96% 21.576 1 Template:Colocationwebhost"," 38.82% 19.500 1 Template:Hidden"," 37.82% 18.997 2 Template:Replace"," 17.47% 8.776 1 Template:Tlx"," 14.77% 7.417 1 Template:Hidden_begin"," 3.36% 1.688 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake"," 3.21% 1.610 1 Template:Hidden_end"," 2.38% 1.198 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake-email-steward"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.010","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1043298,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-7sh2w","timestamp":"20241124212803","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>