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id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Varieties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Varieties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Varieties</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Varieties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synonyms_and_common_names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synonyms_and_common_names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Synonyms and common names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synonyms_and_common_names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Medical use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Capsicum</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 90 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A0%E1%88%AD%E1%89%A0%E1%88%AC" title="በርበሬ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="በርበሬ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A9" title="فليفلة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فليفلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimento" title="Pimento – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pimento" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ky%27%E1%BB%B9irana" title="Ky'ỹirana – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ky'ỹirana" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bib%C9%99r" title="Bibər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bibər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1" title="بیبر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیبر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Перац струкавы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Перац струкавы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A" title="शिमला मिर्च – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="शिमला मिर्च" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Paprika" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="སུར་པན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སུར་པན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Paprika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pebrotera" title="Pebrotera – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pebrotera" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Capsicum" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paprika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naanzua_kobu" title="Naanzua kobu – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Naanzua kobu" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprika_(Capsicum)" title="Paprika (Capsicum) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Paprika (Capsicum)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Paprika" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprika_(perekond)" title="Paprika (perekond) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Paprika (perekond)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%88%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CE%BD" title="Καψικόν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καψικόν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Capsicum" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Capsicum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapsiko" title="Kapsiko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kapsiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Capsicum" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84_(%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="فلفل (سرده) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلفل (سرده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Capsicum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piobar_dearg" title="Piobar dearg – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Piobar dearg" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piobar_(glasraich)" title="Piobar (glasraich) – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Piobar (glasraich)" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemento" title="Pemento – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pemento" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7_(%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%80)" title="Сибаз (ваьр) – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Сибаз (ваьр)" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EC%B6%94%EC%86%8D" title="고추속 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고추속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8F%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A4%D5%A5%D5%B2" title="Տաքդեղ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Տաքդեղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A" title="शिमला मिर्च – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="शिमला मिर्च" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Paprika" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Paprika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Capsicum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Капсикум – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Капсикум" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Capsicum" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%AA" title="פלפלת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלפלת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%82_(%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A3%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF)" title="ಕ್ಯಾಪ್ಸಿಕಂ (ದೊಡ್ಡ ಮೆಣಸಿನಕಾಯಿ) – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ಯಾಪ್ಸಿಕಂ (ದೊಡ್ಡ ಮೆಣಸಿನಕಾಯಿ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%85" title="کیپسیکم – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کیپسیکم" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Paprika" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilipili" title="Pilipili – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pilipili" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AEber" title="Bîber – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bîber" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pimintoniko" title="Pimintoniko – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Pimintoniko" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum_(genus)" title="Capsicum (genus) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Capsicum (genus)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarkanie_pipari" title="Sarkanie pipari – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sarkanie pipari" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Paprika" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paprika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Paprika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="മുളക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുളക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%84%D9%87" title="فليفله – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فليفله" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D9%81%D9%84" title="فلفل – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فلفل" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilli" title="Chilli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Chilli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Capsicum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="भिंडे खुर्सानी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भिंडे खुर्सानी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AC%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B7%E5%B1%9E" title="トウガラシ属 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トウガラシ属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerasiello" title="Cerasiello – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Cerasiello" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Paprika" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprikaslekten" title="Paprikaslekten – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Paprikaslekten" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%AEnment" title="Pînment – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Pînment" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Capsicum" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qalampir" title="Qalampir – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qalampir" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A" title="ਸ਼ਿਮਲਾ ਮਿਰਚ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸ਼ਿਮਲਾ ਮਿਰਚ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damidam" title="Damidam – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Damidam" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papryka" title="Papryka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Papryka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Capsicum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bur%C4%B1sh" title="Burısh – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Burısh" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Capsicum" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchu" title="Uchu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uchu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Капсикум – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Капсикум" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Capsicum" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Capsicum" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipiruni" title="Pipiruni – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Pipiruni" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%86" title="شملا مرچ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="شملا مرچ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Паприка (род) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Паприка (род)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Paprika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paprikat" title="Paprikat – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Paprikat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanskpepparsl%C3%A4ktet" title="Spanskpepparsläktet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spanskpepparsläktet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sili" title="Sili – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Sili" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="மிளகாய் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மிளகாய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biber" title="Biber – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Biber" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Стручковий перець – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стручковий перець" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%84%DB%81_%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%86" title="شملہ مرچ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="شملہ مرچ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%DB%86%D9%83%D9%85%DB%87%DA%86" title="كۆكمۇچ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كۆكمۇچ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Capsicum" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi_%E1%BB%9At" title="Chi Ớt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chi Ớt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsicum" title="Capsicum – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Capsicum" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%A3%E6%A4%92%E5%B1%9E" title="辣椒属 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="辣椒属" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%A3%E6%A4%92%E5%B1%AC" title="辣椒屬 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="辣椒屬" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Capsicum</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_capsicum_and_cross_section.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Red_capsicum_and_cross_section.jpg/250px-Red_capsicum_and_cross_section.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Red_capsicum_and_cross_section.jpg/375px-Red_capsicum_and_cross_section.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Red_capsicum_and_cross_section.jpg/500px-Red_capsicum_and_cross_section.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Red Capsicum and cross section </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="kingdom"><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Division: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="division"><a href="/wiki/Magnoliophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnoliophyta">Magnoliophyta</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="class"><a href="/wiki/Magnoliopsida" title="Magnoliopsida">Magnoliopsida</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subclass: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="subclass"><a href="/wiki/Asteridae" title="Asteridae">Asteridae</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="order"><a href="/wiki/Solanales" title="Solanales">Solanales</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="family"><a href="/wiki/Solanaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Solanaceae">Solanaceae</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="genus"><i><b>Capsicum</b></i></div><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolus Linnaeus">L.</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Species (selection) </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum_annuum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capsicum annuum (not yet started)">C. annuum</a></i> <ul><li>(incl. <a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell pepper">bell pepper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">paprika</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pimento&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pimento (not yet started)">pimento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño">jalapeño</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cascabel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cascabel (not yet started)">cascabel</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum_frutescens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capsicum frutescens (not yet started)">C. frutescens</a></i> <ul><li>(incl. <a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">cayenne</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=African_birdseye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="African birdseye (not yet started)">African birdseye</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum_chinense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capsicum chinense (not yet started)">C. chinense</a></i> <ul><li>(incl. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Habanero_chile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Habanero chile (not yet started)">habanero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotch_bonnet" title="Scotch bonnet">scotch bonnet</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naga_Jolokia_pepper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naga Jolokia pepper (not yet started)">Naga Jolokia</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>C. pendulum</i> (incl. <a href="/wiki/Piri_piri" title="Piri piri">Piri piri</a>)</li> <li><i>C. pubescens</i> (incl. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rocoto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rocoto (not yet started)">rocoto</a>)</li> <li><i>C. baccatum</i> (incl. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aji_pepper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aji pepper (not yet started)">Ají</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><i><b>Capsicum</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plants</a> from the nightshade family (<a href="/wiki/Solanaceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Solanaceae">Solanaceae</a>). </p><p>Some of these plants are used as <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spices</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetables</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Drug" title="Drug">drugs</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> of <i>Capsicum</i> plants have a variety of names. They are often called <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a>, red or green pepper, or just pepper in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">Britain</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">the US</a>. </p><p>The large mild form is called <i>bell pepper</i> in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a> and the US, <i>capsicum</i> in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian English</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">paprika</a></i> in some other countries (although <i>paprika</i> can also refer to the powdered spice made from various capsicum fruit). </p><p>Capsicums originated in <a href="/wiki/The_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Americas">the Americas</a>, but are now grown worldwide. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Capsaicin">Capsaicin</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Capsaicin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Capsaicin"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fruit of <i>most</i> species of <i>Capsicum</i> contains <a href="/wiki/Capsaicin" title="Capsaicin">capsaicin</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Defence_against_herbivory" title="Defence against herbivory">defence against herbivory</a>. Capsaicin is a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_substance" title="Chemical substance">chemical</a> that can produce a strong burning sensation in the mouth (and <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anus</a>) of the unaccustomed eater. Most <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a> find this unpleasant, but birds are unaffected.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plants developed the secretion of capsaicin to protect the fruit from being eaten by <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">mammals</a>. At the same time, the bright colors attract <a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">birds</a>. These birds will spread the <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seeds</a>. </p><p>The amount of capsaicin in peppers is highly variable and dependent on <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a>. This means that almost all types of peppers have varied amounts of heat felt by those consuming them. The only pepper without capsaicin is the <a href="/wiki/Bell_pepper" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell pepper">bell pepper</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili peppers</a> are of great importance in <a href="/wiki/Native_American" title="Native American">Native American</a> medicine. Capsaicin is also used in modern Western medicine to stimulate <a href="/wiki/Blood_circulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood circulation">blood circulation</a> or to relieve <a href="/wiki/Pain" title="Pain">pain</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Black pepper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper</a> cause similar burning sensations. These are caused by different substances though —piperine and hydroxy-alpha-sanshool, respectively. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Cuisine" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Cuisine"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cubanelle_Peppers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cubanelle_Peppers.jpg/200px-Cubanelle_Peppers.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cubanelle_Peppers.jpg/300px-Cubanelle_Peppers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Cubanelle_Peppers.jpg/400px-Cubanelle_Peppers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="481" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili peppers</a></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Capsicum</i> fruits and peppers can be eaten raw or cooked. Those used in cooking are generally varieties of the <i>C. annul</i> and <i>C. pubescens</i> species, though a few others are used as well. They are suitable for stuffing with fillings such as cheese, meat or rice. </p><p>They are also frequently used both chopped and raw in salads, or cooked in stir-fries or other mixed dishes. They can be sliced into strips and fried, roasted whole or in pieces, or chopped and incorporated into salsas or other sauces. </p><p>They can be preserved by drying or pickling. Dried peppers may be reconstituted whole, or processed into flakes or powders. Pickled or marinated peppers are frequently added to sandwiches or salads. Extracts can be made and incorporated into hot sauces. </p><p>In 2005, a poll of 2,000 people revealed peppers to be <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain's</a> 4th favorite culinary vegetable.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Varieties">Varieties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Varieties" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Varieties"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capsicum1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Capsicum1.jpg/200px-Capsicum1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Capsicum1.jpg/300px-Capsicum1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Capsicum1.jpg/400px-Capsicum1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1252" /></a><figcaption>Green, yellow and red peppers</figcaption></figure> <p>Many varieties of the same species can be used in many different ways; for example, <i>C. annual</i> includes the "bell pepper" variety, which is sold in both its immature green state and its red, yellow or orange ripe state. </p><p>This same species has other varieties as well, such as the Anaheim chilly often used for stuffing, the dried Ancho chilly used to make chili powder, the mild-to-hot <a href="/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño">Jalapeño</a>, and the smoked ripe Jalapeño, known as a <a href="/wiki/Chipotle" class="mw-redirect" title="Chipotle">Chipotle</a>. </p><p>Most of the capsaicin in a pepper is found in the interior ribs that divide the chambers of the fruit, and to which the seeds are attached. At the stem end of the pod, glands secrete the capsaicin, which then spreads throughout, but is concentrated on the ribs and seeds. The amount varies very significantly by variety, and is measured in Scoville heat units (SHU), ranging from the mild bell pepper to the scorching <a href="/wiki/Habanero_chili" title="Habanero chili">Habanero chile</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synonyms_and_common_names">Synonyms and common names</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Synonyms and common names" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Synonyms and common names"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Compact_orange_pepper_plants.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Compact_orange_pepper_plants.jpg/200px-Compact_orange_pepper_plants.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Compact_orange_pepper_plants.jpg/300px-Compact_orange_pepper_plants.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Compact_orange_pepper_plants.jpg/400px-Compact_orange_pepper_plants.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1923" /></a><figcaption>Compact orange Capsicum plants</figcaption></figure> <p>The name given to the fruits varies between English-speaking countries. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, heatless species are called "capsicums" while hot ones are called "chilli/chillies" (double L). The term "bell peppers" is rarely used, usually in reference to C. annuum and other varieties which look like a "capsicum" or bell but are fairly hot. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the heatless varieties are called "peppers", "sweet peppers" or "capsicums" (or "green peppers," "red peppers," etc.) while the hot ones are "chilli/chillies" (double L) or "chilli peppers". </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the common heatless species is referred to as "bell peppers," "sweet peppers," "red/green/etc peppers," or simply "peppers", while the hot species are collectively called "chile/chiles," "chili/chilies," or "chili/chile peppers" (one L only), "hot peppers", or named as a specific variety (e.g., banana pepper). In many <a href="/wiki/Midwest" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwest">midwestern</a> regions of the United States the sweet bell pepper is commonly called a <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a>.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/mango">[1]</a> With the modern advent of fresh tropical fruit importers exposing more people to the tropical fruit variety of the mango, this definition is becoming archaic. However many menus still call a stuffed bell pepper a <i>mango</i>. </p><p>The name "pepper" came into use because the plants were hot in the same sense as the condiment <a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">black pepper</a>, <i>Piper nigrum</i>. But there is no botanical relationship with this plant, nor with <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">sichuan pepper</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thai_peppers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Thai_peppers.jpg/200px-Thai_peppers.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Thai_peppers.jpg/300px-Thai_peppers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Thai_peppers.jpg/400px-Thai_peppers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thai_pepper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thai pepper (not yet started)">Thai pepper</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cachi_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Cachi_02.jpg/200px-Cachi_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Cachi_02.jpg/300px-Cachi_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Cachi_02.jpg/400px-Cachi_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>In Spanish-speaking countries there are many different names for each variety and preparation. In <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> the term <i>chile</i> is used. Several other countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, whose name is unrelated, <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Perú">Perú</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, use <i>ají</i>. In <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, heatless varieties are called <i>pimiento</i> and hot varieties <i>guindilla</i>. </p><p>In Indian English, the word "capsicum" is used exclusively for bell pepper. All other varieties of chili peppers are called chili. In northern <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, bell pepper is also commonly called "shimla mirch" in the native languages. <a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a> is a popular hill-station in India (and "mirch" means chili in native languages). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, the word <i>papryka</i> is used for capsiscum fruit and dry spice (the word <i>pieprz</i> is used for black, red, and green pepper, but not for capsisum fruit or spice). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>, the word <i>paprika</i> is used for capsicum fruit and dry spice. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> capsicum is commonly called <i>pilpel</i>, meaning pepper in <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>. </p><p>You can test how hot a hot pepper can be by using the Scoville scale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_use">Medical use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Medical use" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Medical use"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Capsicum is excellent source of <a href="/wiki/Laxative" title="Laxative">laxative</a> (purgative) and pain relief. Capsaicin has also been studied for possible <a href="/wiki/Prostate_cancer" title="Prostate cancer">prostate cancer</a> fighting effects.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mason J.R. <i>et al</i> 1991. <i>Journal of Chemical Ecology</i>. <b>17</b>, 2539–2551.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Norman D.M; Mason J.R. & Clark L. 1992. <i>The Wilson Journal of Ornithology</i> <b>104</b>, 549–551.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWainwright2005" class="citation news cs1">Wainwright, Martin (23 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/britain/article/0,2763,1489887,00.html">"Onions come top for British palates"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Onions+come+top+for+British+palates&rft.date=2005-05-23&rft.aulast=Wainwright&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guardian.co.uk%2Fbritain%2Farticle%2F0%2C2763%2C1489887%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACapsicum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFEmma_Cale2013" class="citation web cs1">Emma Cale (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livestrong.com/article/493517-chili-peppers-and-prostate-cancer/">"Chili Peppers and Prostate Cancer"</a>. Livestrong.com website<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chili+Peppers+and+Prostate+Cancer&rft.pub=Livestrong.com+website&rft.date=2013&rft.au=Emma+Cale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.livestrong.com%2Farticle%2F493517-chili-peppers-and-prostate-cancer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ACapsicum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_against_herbivory" title="Defence against herbivory">Defence against herbivory</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Further reading" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capsicum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Further reading"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/med-aro/factsheets/CAPSICUM_PEPPER.html">Capsicum pepper factsheet</a> as of 2002-06-10</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.g6csy.net/chile/database.html">Chile varieties</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070415014525/http://www.g6csy.net/chile/database.html">Archived</a> 2007-04-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> as of 2003-11-07</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thechileman.org">Chile varieties database</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220330054440/https://thechileman.org/">Archived</a> 2022-03-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> as of 2006-10-27</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671870">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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