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/\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\" style=\"\"\u003E \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Kriteriji_zna%C4%8Dajnosti_po_temama\" title=\"Wikipedija:Kriteriji značajnosti po temama\"\u003ERaspravite \u003Cb\u003Erazradu po temama kriterija\u003C/b\u003E o značajnosti!\u003C/a\u003E \u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Mrežno mjesto"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definicija_romantizma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definicija_romantizma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definicija romantizma</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Definicija_romantizma-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Definicija romantizma</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Definicija_romantizma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Osnovne_karakteristike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Osnovne_karakteristike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Osnovne karakteristike</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Osnovne_karakteristike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Etimologija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vremensko_razdoblje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vremensko_razdoblje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Vremensko razdoblje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vremensko_razdoblje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kontekst_i_mjesto_u_povijesti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kontekst_i_mjesto_u_povijesti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Kontekst i mjesto u povijesti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kontekst_i_mjesto_u_povijesti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Književnost_romantizma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Književnost_romantizma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Književnost romantizma</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Književnost_romantizma-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Književnost romantizma</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Književnost_romantizma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Njemačka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Njemačka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Njemačka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Njemačka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engleska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engleska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Engleska</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engleska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Francuska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Francuska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Francuska</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Francuska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rusija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rusija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Rusija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rusija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Katolička_Europa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Katolička_Europa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Katolička Europa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Katolička_Europa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Poljska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poljska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Poljska</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poljska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>Italija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Španjolska" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Španjolska"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.3</span> <span>Španjolska</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Španjolska-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.4</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Južna_Amerika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Južna_Amerika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Južna Amerika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Južna_Amerika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sjeverna_Amerika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sjeverna_Amerika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Sjeverna Amerika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sjeverna_Amerika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Utjecaj_europskog_romantizma_na_američke_pisce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Utjecaj_europskog_romantizma_na_američke_pisce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7.1</span> <span>Utjecaj europskog romantizma na američke pisce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Utjecaj_europskog_romantizma_na_američke_pisce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romantizam_u_likovnoj_umjetnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romantizam_u_likovnoj_umjetnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Romantizam u likovnoj umjetnosti</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Romantizam_u_likovnoj_umjetnosti-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Romantizam u likovnoj umjetnosti</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Romantizam_u_likovnoj_umjetnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Romantizam_u_arhitekturi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romantizam_u_arhitekturi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Romantizam u arhitekturi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romantizam_u_arhitekturi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romantizam_u_glazbi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romantizam_u_glazbi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Romantizam u glazbi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romantizam_u_glazbi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romantizam_izvan_umjetnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romantizam_izvan_umjetnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Romantizam izvan umjetnosti</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Romantizam_izvan_umjetnosti-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Romantizam izvan umjetnosti</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Romantizam_izvan_umjetnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Znanost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Znanost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Znanost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Znanost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historiografija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historiografija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Historiografija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historiografija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teologija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teologija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Teologija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teologija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romantizam_i_nacionalizam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romantizam_i_nacionalizam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Romantizam i nacionalizam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romantizam_i_nacionalizam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galerija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galerija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Galerija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galerija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autori_romantizma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autori_romantizma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Autori romantizma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autori_romantizma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mislioci_romantizma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mislioci_romantizma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Mislioci romantizma</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mislioci_romantizma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vidi_još" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vidi_još"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Vidi još</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vidi_još-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Sadržaj cjeline Vidi još</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vidi_još-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Povezani_pojmovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povezani_pojmovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Povezani pojmovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povezani_pojmovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suprotni_pojmovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suprotni_pojmovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Suprotni pojmovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suprotni_pojmovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povezani_članci" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povezani_članci"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Povezani članci</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povezani_članci-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povezani_pokreti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povezani_pokreti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.4</span> <span>Povezani pokreti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povezani_pokreti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bibliografija</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_poveznice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Vanjske poveznice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_poveznice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Romantizam</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 121 jeziku" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-121" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">121 jezik</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantiek" title="Romantiek – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Romantiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantik" title="Romantik – švicarski njemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Romantik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="švicarski njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticismo" title="Romanticismo – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Romanticismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%81%D9%86)" title="رومانسية (فن) – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رومانسية (فن)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الرومانسيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الرومانسيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="ৰমন্যাসবাদ – asamski" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ৰমন্যাসবাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="asamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticismu" title="Romanticismu – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Romanticismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantizm" title="Romantizm – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Romantizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="رومانتیزم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رومانتیزم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Романтизм – baškirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Романтизм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantisismo" title="Romantisismo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Romantisismo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Рамантызм – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рамантызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Рамантызм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рамантызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Романтизъм – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Романтизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="রোমান্টিকতা – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রোমান্টিকতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantelezh" title="Romantelezh – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Romantelezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantizam" title="Romantizam – bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Romantizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticisme" title="Romanticisme – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Romanticisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantisismo" title="Romantisismo – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Romantisismo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="ڕۆمانتیزم – soranski kurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕۆمانتیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="soranski kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantismus" title="Romantismus – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Romantismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Романтизм – čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Романтизм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhamantiaeth" title="Rhamantiaeth – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhamantiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantikken" title="Romantikken – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Romantikken" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantik" title="Romantik – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Romantik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ρομαντισμός – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρομαντισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Romanticism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantikismo" title="Romantikismo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Romantikismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticismo" title="Romanticismo – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Romanticismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantism" title="Romantism – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Romantism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erromantizismo" title="Erromantizismo – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erromantizismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticismu" title="Romanticismu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Romanticismu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="رمانتیسم – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رمانتیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantiikka" title="Romantiikka – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Romantiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantisme" title="Romantisme – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Romantisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantik" title="Romantik – sjevernofrizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Romantik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="sjevernofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantyk" title="Romantyk – zapadnofrizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Romantyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zapadnofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3m%C3%A1nsachas" title="Rómánsachas – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rómánsachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="浪漫主義 – gan kineski" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="浪漫主義" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantism" title="Romantism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Romantism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticismo" title="Romanticismo – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Romanticismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Py%27aitegua_reko" title="Py'aitegua reko – gvaranski" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Py'aitegua reko" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvaranski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%AE" title="રોમેન્ટિસિઝમ – gudžaratski" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રોમેન્ટિસિઝમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžaratski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Romanticism" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="התנועה הרומנטית – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="התנועה הרומנטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="स्वच्छन्दतावाद – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="स्वच्छन्दतावाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantika" title="Romantika – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Romantika" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Ռոմանտիզմ – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոմանտիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Վիպապաշտութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Վիպապաշտութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticismo" title="Romanticismo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Romanticismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantisisme" title="Romantisisme – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Romantisisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticisme" title="Romanticisme – interligua" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Romanticisme" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interligua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantikismo" title="Romantikismo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Romantikismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3mant%C3%ADkin" title="Rómantíkin – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rómantíkin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticismo" title="Romanticismo – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Romanticismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="ロマン主義 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロマン主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruomantisizim" title="Ruomantisizim – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ruomantisizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantisisme" title="Romantisisme – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Romantisisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="რომანტიზმი – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რომანტიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Романтизм ағымы – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Романтизм ағымы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82(%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A7%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86_%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5,%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4)" title="ರೊಮ್ಯಾಂಟಿಸಿಸಂ(ಭಾವಪ್ರಧಾನತೆ ತತ್ವ,ಸಿದ್ದಾಂತ) – karnatački" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ರೊಮ್ಯಾಂಟಿಸಿಸಂ(ಭಾವಪ್ರಧಾನತೆ ತತ್ವ,ಸಿದ್ದಾಂತ)" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="karnatački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%AD%EB%A7%8C%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="낭만주의 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="낭만주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romant%C3%AEzm" title="Romantîzm – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Romantîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Романтизм – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Романтизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticismus" title="Romanticismus – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Romanticismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticisme" title="Romanticisme – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Romanticisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantiek" title="Romantiek – limburški" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Romantiek" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantizism" title="Romantizism – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Romantizism" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantizmas" title="Romantizmas – litavski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Romantizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litavski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantisms" title="Romantisms – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Romantisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Романтизам – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Романтизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%82" title="കാല്പനികത്വം – malajalamski" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാല്പനികത്വം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Романтизм – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Романтизм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantisisme" title="Romantisisme – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Romantisisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanti%C4%8Bi%C5%BCmu" title="Romantiċiżmu – malteški" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Romantiċiżmu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantiek" title="Romantiek – donjosaksonski" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Romantiek" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="donjosaksonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="स्वच्छन्दतावाद – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="स्वच्छन्दतावाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantiek_(stroming)" title="Romantiek (stroming) – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Romantiek (stroming)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantikken" title="Romantikken – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Romantikken" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantikken" title="Romantikken – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Romantikken" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantisme" title="Romantisme – okcitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Romantisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okcitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਰੋਮਾਂਸਵਾਦ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੋਮਾਂਸਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticismo" title="Romanticismo – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Romanticismo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantyzm" title="Romantyzm – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Romantyzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Romanticism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="رومانیت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رومانیت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85_/_%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87" title="رومانتیزم / خیال پالنه – paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="رومانتیزم / خیال پالنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantismo" title="Romantismo – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Romantismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantica" title="Romantica – retoromanski" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Romantica" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantism" title="Romantism – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Romantism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC_(%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0)" title="Романтизем (литература) – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Романтизем (литература)" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Романтизм – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Романтизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Романтізм – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Романтізм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumanticismu" title="Rumanticismu – sicilijski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Rumanticismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="رومانيت – sindski" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="رومانيت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članak"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantizam" title="Romantizam – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Romantizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Romanticism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantizmus" title="Romantizmus – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Romantizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantika" title="Romantika – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Romantika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticizmi" title="Romanticizmi – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Romanticizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Романтизам – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Романтизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantik" title="Romantik – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Romantik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantiken" title="Romantiken – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Romantiken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="புனைவியம் – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புனைவியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Романтизм – tadžički" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Романтизм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžički" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ศิลปะจินตนิยม – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศิลปะจินตนิยม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantisismo" title="Romantisismo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Romantisismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantizm" title="Romantizm – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Romantizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Романтизм – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Романтизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="رومانیت – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رومانیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantizm" title="Romantizm – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Romantizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanticismo" title="Romanticismo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Romanticismo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_l%C3%A3ng_m%E1%BA%A1n" title="Chủ nghĩa lãng mạn – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa lãng mạn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantiek" title="Romantiek – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Romantiek" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantisse" title="Romantisse – valonski" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Romantisse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantisismo" title="Romantisismo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Romantisismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="浪漫主义 – wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="浪漫主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="რომანტიზმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რომანტიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="浪漫主义 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="浪漫主义" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B4-m%C3%A1n-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB" title="Lô-mán-chú-gī – min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lô-mán-chú-gī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%AA%E6%BC%AB%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" 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.trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:left;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption-center{text-align:center;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:304px;max-width:304px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Caspar_David_Friedrich_-_Wanderer_above_the_sea_of_fog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Caspar_David_Friedrich_-_Wanderer_above_the_sea_of_fog.jpg/300px-Caspar_David_Friedrich_-_Wanderer_above_the_sea_of_fog.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="384" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Caspar_David_Friedrich_-_Wanderer_above_the_sea_of_fog.jpg/450px-Caspar_David_Friedrich_-_Wanderer_above_the_sea_of_fog.jpg 1.5x, 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ferdinand-Victor-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix%2C_French_-_The_Death_of_Sardanapalus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/300px-Ferdinand-Victor-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix%2C_French_-_The_Death_of_Sardanapalus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ferdinand-Victor-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix%2C_French_-_The_Death_of_Sardanapalus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/450px-Ferdinand-Victor-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix%2C_French_-_The_Death_of_Sardanapalus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ferdinand-Victor-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix%2C_French_-_The_Death_of_Sardanapalus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/600px-Ferdinand-Victor-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix%2C_French_-_The_Death_of_Sardanapalus_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5593" data-file-height="4409" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sardanapalova_smrt" title="Sardanapalova smrt">Sardanapalova smrt</a></i>, 1827., orijentalistička tema ovog ulja na platnu inspirirana je <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Byron">Byronovim</a> djelom <i>Sardanapal</i>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:302px;max-width:302px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Philipp_Otto_Runge_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Philipp_Otto_Runge_001.jpg/300px-Philipp_Otto_Runge_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="395" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Philipp_Otto_Runge_001.jpg/450px-Philipp_Otto_Runge_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Philipp_Otto_Runge_001.jpg/600px-Philipp_Otto_Runge_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2666" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Otto_Runge" title="Philipp Otto Runge">Philipp Otto Runge</a>, <i>Jutro</i> (<i>Der Morgen</i>), 1808.</div></div></div></div></div> <p><b>Romantizam</b> je umjetnički, književni i intelektualni pokret nastao u Europi krajem <a href="/wiki/18._stolje%C4%87e" title="18. stoljeće">18. stoljeća</a>. U većini zemalja dosegao je vrhunac u razdoblju od <a href="/wiki/1800." title="1800.">1800.</a> do <a href="/wiki/1850." title="1850.">1850.</a> Djelomično je nastao kao reakcija na <a href="/wiki/Industrijska_revolucija" title="Industrijska revolucija">industrijsku revoluciju</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> društvene i političke norme iz doba <a href="/wiki/Prosvjetiteljstvo" title="Prosvjetiteljstvo">prosvjetiteljstva</a> i znanstvenu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Racionalizacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Racionalizacija (stranica ne postoji)">racionalizaciju</a> prirode.<sup id="cite_ref-Casey_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Casey-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Najizraženiji je u likovnoj umjetnosti, glazbi i književnosti, ali imao je i velik utjecaj na <a href="/wiki/Historiografija" title="Historiografija">historiografiju</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> obrazovanje<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i <a href="/wiki/Prirodoslovlje" class="mw-redirect" title="Prirodoslovlje">prirodoslovlje</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Imao je također značajan i složen utjecaj na politiku te je, premda je većina razdoblja romantizma karakterizirao <a href="/wiki/Liberalizam" title="Liberalizam">liberalizam</a> i <a href="/wiki/Radikalizam" title="Radikalizam">radikalizam</a>, njegov dugoročan i najznačajniji učinak bio rast <a href="/wiki/Nacionalizam" title="Nacionalizam">nacionalizma</a>. </p><p>Ovaj je pokret isticao intenzivne <a href="/wiki/Emocije" title="Emocije">emocije</a> kao jedini autentični izvor <a href="/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika">estetskog</a> doživljaja naglašavajući na osjećaje kao što su <a href="/wiki/Strah" title="Strah">strahovanje</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strava_i_u%C5%BEas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strava i užas (stranica ne postoji)">stravu i užas</a> te <a href="/w/index.php?title=Strahopo%C5%A1tovanje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Strahopoštovanje (stranica ne postoji)">strahopoštovanje</a> posebice ono što se doživi suočavanjem s novim estetskim kategorijama poput uzvišenosti i ljepote prirode. Smatrao je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Narodna_umjetnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narodna umjetnost (stranica ne postoji)">narodnu umjetnost</a> i drevne običaje plemenitima, ali je također jako cijenio spontanost, primjerice <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Impromptu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impromptu (stranica ne postoji)">impromptu</a></i> u glazbi. U suprotnosti s idealima <a href="/wiki/Racionalizam" title="Racionalizam">racionalizma</a> u <a href="/wiki/Klasicizam" title="Klasicizam">klasicizmu</a>, romantizam je ponovo oživio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medievalizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medievalizam (stranica ne postoji)">medievalizam</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> naglašavajući umjetničke i narativne elemente, općenito percipirane kao autentično srednjovjekovne, u pokušaju bijega od pojava kao što je rast broja stanovnika, ubrzana <a href="/wiki/Urbanizacija" title="Urbanizacija">urbanizacija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Industrijska_revolucija" title="Industrijska revolucija">industrijska revolucija</a>. </p><p>Premda je romantizam proizašao iz njemačkog pokreta <i><a href="/wiki/Sturm_und_Drang" title="Sturm und Drang">Sturm und Drang</a></i> koji je naglašavao intuiciju i emocije iznad prosvjetiteljskog racionalizma, neposredni faktori utjecaja bili su i događaji i <a href="/wiki/Ideologija" title="Ideologija">ideologije</a> proizašle iz <a href="/wiki/Francuska_revolucija" title="Francuska revolucija">Francuske revolucije</a>. Romantizam je jako cijenio dosege <i>herojskih</i> individualista i umjetnika čiji su primjeri jako utjecali na oplemenjivanje društva. Promicao je maštu pojedinca kao kritički autoritet i instrument povećanja slobode naspram klasičnih obrazaca oblikovanja u umjetnosti. U prikazu ideja romantizma postojalo je jako pribjegavanje povijesnoj i prirodnoj neizbježnosti <i><a href="/wiki/Zeitgeist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeitgeist">Zeitgeistu</a></i>. U drugoj polovici 19. stoljeća pojavio se pokret <a href="/wiki/Realizam_(likovna_umjetnost)" title="Realizam (likovna umjetnost)">realizma</a> kao dijametralna suprotnost romantizmu.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Propadanje romantizma u tom razdoblju bilo je povezano s višestrukim društvenim procesima, od političkih promjena do širenja nacionalizma. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definicija_romantizma">Definicija romantizma</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Definicija romantizma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Definicija romantizma"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Osnovne_karakteristike">Osnovne karakteristike</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Osnovne karakteristike" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Osnovne karakteristike"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Definiranju prirode romantizma moguće je prići iz početne pozicije primarne važnosti slobodnog izražaja osjećaja umjetnika. Važnost koju romantičari daju emocijama dobro se može sažeti u opasci njemačkog slikara <a href="/wiki/Caspar_David_Friedrich" title="Caspar David Friedrich">Caspara Davida Friedricha</a> da su "umjetnikovi osjećaji njegov zakon".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Za <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">Williama Wordswortha</a>, pjesma bi trebala započeti kao "spontana poplava jakih osjećaja," koje pjesnik kasnije "u miru prikupi," evocirajući novi, ali pripadajući osjećaj kojeg kasnije oblikuje u umjetnost.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kako bi se izrazili ti osjećaji, smatra se da sadržaj umjetnosti mora proizaći iz umjetnikove mašte, sa što manje miješanja od strane "umjetnih" pravila koja bi dirigirala kakvo bi djelo trebalo biti. <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a> i drugi vjerovali su da postoje prirodne zakonitosti kojima će mašta, bar mašta dobrog kreativnog umjetnika, nesvjesno poteći ka umjetničkoj <a href="/wiki/Inspiracija" class="mw-redirect" title="Inspiracija">inspiraciji</a> koja će spontano sve učiniti.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Isto kao i pravila, smatra se da i utjecaj modela drugih radova sprječava maštu stvaratelja, tako da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Originalnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Originalnost (stranica ne postoji)">originalnost</a> postaje esencijalna. Koncept <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genije (stranica ne postoji)">genija</a> ili umjetnika koji je sposoban stvoriti vlastito originalno djelo kroz proces "kreacije ni iz čega" ključan je u romantizmu, a najgori grijeh je stvarati po obrascu prethodnih radova.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruthven01p40_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruthven01p40-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Spearing87_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spearing87-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eco94_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eco94-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ova se ideja često naziva "romantična originalnost."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:William_Blake_-_Songs_of_Innocence_and_of_Experience,_Plate_35,_%22The_Little_Girl_Found%22_(Bentley_36)_-_Google_Art_Project_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/William_Blake_-_Songs_of_Innocence_and_of_Experience%2C_Plate_35%2C_%22The_Little_Girl_Found%22_%28Bentley_36%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-William_Blake_-_Songs_of_Innocence_and_of_Experience%2C_Plate_35%2C_%22The_Little_Girl_Found%22_%28Bentley_36%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/William_Blake_-_Songs_of_Innocence_and_of_Experience%2C_Plate_35%2C_%22The_Little_Girl_Found%22_%28Bentley_36%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-William_Blake_-_Songs_of_Innocence_and_of_Experience%2C_Plate_35%2C_%22The_Little_Girl_Found%22_%28Bentley_36%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/William_Blake_-_Songs_of_Innocence_and_of_Experience%2C_Plate_35%2C_%22The_Little_Girl_Found%22_%28Bentley_36%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-William_Blake_-_Songs_of_Innocence_and_of_Experience%2C_Plate_35%2C_%22The_Little_Girl_Found%22_%28Bentley_36%29_-_Google_Art_Project_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1582" data-file-height="2455" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>, <i>Pronađena mala djevojčica</i>, iz zbirke pjesama "Pjesme nevinosti i iskustva" (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Songs_of_Innocence_and_Experience&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Songs of Innocence and Experience (stranica ne postoji)">Songs of Innocence and Experience</a></i>), 1794.</figcaption></figure> <p>Iako nije ključno za romantizam, ali ipak toliko rašireno da postaje normom, je jako vjerovanje i interes u važnost prirode. Posebno je, međutim, važan utjecaj prirode na umjetnika u trenutku kad je njome okružen, po mogućnosti u samoći. U suprotnosti s uglavnom vrlo društvenom umjetnošću razdoblja <a href="/wiki/Prosvjetiteljstvo" title="Prosvjetiteljstvo">prosvjetiteljstva</a>, romantičari su bili nepovjerljivi prema društvenom svijetu i imali su tendenciju vjerovati da je bliski kontakt s prirodom mentalno i moralno zdraviji. Romantična umjetnost obraća se svojoj publici s onim što je smišljeno kao osobni umjetnikov osjećaj. Stoga, u književnosti, "većina romantičnog pjesništva poziva čitatelja da identificira protagoniste sa samim pjesnikom".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prema povjesničaru i filozofu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Berlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaiah Berlin (stranica ne postoji)">Isaiahu Berlinu</a>, romantizam utjelovljuje "novi i nemirni duh, u silovitom pokušaju da provali kroz stare i sputavajuće oblike, nervoznu obuzetost vječnim promjenama unutarnjih stanja i svijesti, žudnju za neograničenim i nedefiniranim, u vječnom kretanju i promjeni, napor za povratkom na zaboravljene izvore života, strastveni napor za samozalaganjem, kako individualnim tako i kolektivnim, potragu putem sredstava izražavanja za nepomirljivom čežnjom i nedostižnim ciljevima."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etimologija">Etimologija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Etimologija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Etimologija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grupa riječi s korijenom "roman", kao npr. <a href="/wiki/Romansa" class="mw-redirect" title="Romansa">romansa</a> ili "romanički", ima složenu povijest, ali sredinom <a href="/wiki/18._stolje%C4%87e" title="18. stoljeće">18. stoljeća</a> pridjev "<i>romantic</i>" u <a href="/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik">engleskom</a> i "<i>romantique</i>" u <a href="/wiki/Francuski_jezik" title="Francuski jezik">francuskom jeziku</a> općenito se koristio za veličanje prirodnih fenomena kao što su pejzaži i zalasci sunca, slično suvremenoj uporabi ali bez seksualnih konotacija. Primjena ovog pojma na literaturu najprije postaje uobičajena u Njemačkoj <a href="/wiki/1790-ih" title="1790-ih">1790-ih</a>, gdje se počinje pričati o "<i>romantische Poesie"</i> ("romantičnom pjesništvu") u krugu oko kritičara <a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_Schlegel" title="August Wilhelm Schlegel">Augusta</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Schlegel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel (stranica ne postoji)">Friedricha Schlegela</a>, kao kontrast s "klasičnim pjesništvom", ali više u pojmovima duha nego pukog datiranja. Friedrich Schlegel u svom djelu <i>Dijalog o pjesništvu</i> (1800.) piše: "Tražim i nalazim romantiku među starijim modernistima, u Shakespeareu, u Cervantesu, u talijanskom pjesništvu, u onom dobu viteštva, ljubavi i priča, iz kojih su ovaj fenomen i sama ova riječ potekli."<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>I u francuskom i u njemačkom jeziku bliskost pridjeva romanu, u značenju prilično nove književne forme romana (duge priče), imala je ponešto učinka na značenje riječi u tim jezicima. Korištenje ovog pojma nije postalo tako brzo rašireno i vjerojatno se više širilo u Francuskoj zbog njegovog stalnog korištenja u djelu "<i>De L'Allemagne"</i> (1813.) književnice <a href="/w/index.php?title=Madame_de_Sta%C3%ABl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Madame de Staël (stranica ne postoji)">Madame de Staël</a>, u opisu njezinih putovanja Njemačkom.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferber,_7_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferber,_7-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U Engleskoj je <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a> u uvodu svojih pjesama iz <a href="/wiki/1815." title="1815.">1815.</a> pisao o "romantičnoj harfi" i "klasičnoj liri".<sup id="cite_ref-Ferber,_7_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferber,_7-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/George_Gordon_Byron" title="George Gordon Byron">George Gordon Byron</a> međutim <a href="/wiki/1820." title="1820.">1820.</a>, možda blago neiskreno piše, "Osjećam da u Njemačkoj, kao i u Italiji postoji velika borba oko onoga što oni zovu 'klasično' i 'romantično', pojmovi koji se u Engleskoj ne koriste kao klasifikacija, bar prije nego što sam je napustio prije četiri ili pet godine".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tek od <a href="/wiki/1820-ih" title="1820-ih">1820-ih</a> romantizam sebe definira pod tim pojmom, dok <a href="/wiki/1824." title="1824.">1824.</a> godine <a href="/wiki/Francuska_akademija" title="Francuska akademija">Francuska akademija</a> povlači potpuno neučinkovit potez izdajući dekret kojim ga osuđuje u literaturi.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vremensko_razdoblje">Vremensko razdoblje</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak: Vremensko razdoblje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vremensko razdoblje"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Razdoblje kojeg zovemo romantizam vremenski se jako razlikuje od države do države, kao i između različitih umjetničkih medija i područja razmišljanja. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Drabble&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Margaret Drabble (stranica ne postoji)">Margaret Drabble</a> ga je opisala odnoseći se na područje književnosti kao približno razdoblje "između <a href="/wiki/1770." title="1770.">1770.</a> i <a href="/wiki/1848." title="1848.">1848.</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> s nekoliko slučajeva mnogo ranijih od <a href="/wiki/1770." title="1770.">1770.</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=M._H._Abrams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. H. Abrams (stranica ne postoji)">M. H. Abrams</a> ga je u engleskoj književnosti smjestio između <a href="/wiki/1789." title="1789.">1789.</a> ili <a href="/wiki/1798." title="1798.">1798.</a> (ova posljednja godina se smatra tipičnom za njegov početak) i razdoblja oko <a href="/wiki/1830." title="1830.">1830.</a>, što je nešto kasnije nego kod ostalih kritičara.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ostali su predlagali raspon od <a href="/wiki/1780." title="1780.">1780.</a> do <a href="/wiki/1830." title="1830.">1830.</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> U drugim područjima i drugim zemljama razdoblje romantizma je vremenski značajno različit. Smatra se da se glazbeni romantizam, primjerice, ugasio kao prevladavajuća umjetnička struja tek oko <a href="/wiki/1910." title="1910.">1910.</a>, ali u ekstremnoj interpretaciji kompozicija "<i>Četiri posljednje pjesme"</i> (<a href="/wiki/Njema%C4%8Dki" class="mw-redirect" title="Njemački">njem.</a>: "<i>Vier letzte Lieder"</i>) <a href="/wiki/Richard_Strauss" title="Richard Strauss">Richarda Straussa</a> opisana je stilistički kao "kasnoromantična", a komponirana je tek <a href="/wiki/1946." title="1946.">1946.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1948." title="1948.">1948.</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Međutim, u većini područja razdoblje romantizma smatra se gotovim oko <a href="/wiki/1850." title="1850.">1850.</a> ili prije. </p><p>Rano razdoblje romantizma bilo je vrijeme rata, najprije <a href="/wiki/Francuska_revolucija" title="Francuska revolucija">Francuske revolucije</a> (<a href="/wiki/1789." title="1789.">1789.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1799." title="1799.">1799.</a>), kasnije i <a href="/wiki/Napoleonski_ratovi" title="Napoleonski ratovi">Napoleonskih ratova</a> do <a href="/wiki/1815." title="1815.">1815.</a> Ovi su ratovi poslužili kao pozadina romantizmu, zajedno s političkim i društvenim nemirima koji su se u to vrijeme zbivali.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prema riječima jednoga od pripadnika, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Vigny" title="Alfred de Vigny">Alfreda de Vignya</a>, ključna generacija francuskih romantičara rođenih između <a href="/wiki/1795." title="1795.">1795.</a> i <a href="/wiki/1805." title="1805.">1805.</a> "začeta je između bitaka i pohađala je školu praćena zvukom bubnjeva".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kontekst_i_mjesto_u_povijesti">Kontekst i mjesto u povijesti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak: Kontekst i mjesto u povijesti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kontekst i mjesto u povijesti"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Preciznija karakterizacija i specifičnija definicija romantizma bila je predmetom debata na područjima povijesti ideja i <a href="/wiki/Knji%C5%BEevna_povijest" class="mw-redirect" title="Književna povijest">povijesti književnosti</a> tokom cijelog <a href="/wiki/20._stolje%C4%87e" title="20. stoljeće">20. stoljeća</a>, ali bez da se postigne veći konsenzus. Općenito je prihvaćeno da je romantizam bio dijelom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protuprosvjetiteljstvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protuprosvjetiteljstvo (stranica ne postoji)">protuprosvjetiteljstva</a>, reakcije protiv <a href="/wiki/Prosvjetiteljstvo" title="Prosvjetiteljstvo">prosvjetiteljstva</a>. Njegov odnos prema <a href="/wiki/Francuska_revolucija" title="Francuska revolucija">Francuskoj revoluciji</a> koja se zbila u vrlo ranoj fazi ovog razdoblja je značajan, ali jako ovisi o geografiji i pojedinačnim reakcijama. Većina romantičara bila je uglavnom progresivna u svom nazoru, ali značajan broj bio je ili je kasnije razvio konzervativni nazor<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i nacionalizam je u mnogim zemljama bio čvrsto povezan s romantizmom, kao što je niže obrazloženo. </p><p> Prema viđenju Isaiaha Berlina, romantizam je u filozofiji i povijesti ideja narušio stoljeće dugu tradiciju racionalnosti na <a href="/wiki/Zapadni_svijet" title="Zapadni svijet">Zapadu</a>, kao i ideju o moralnom apsolutu i dogovorenim vrijednostima, donoseći tako "nešto kao otapanje same ideje o objektivnoj istini".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To je dovelo ne samo do nacionalizma, nego i do <a href="/wiki/Fa%C5%A1izam" title="Fašizam">fašizma</a> i <a href="/wiki/Totalitarizam" title="Totalitarizam">totalitarizma</a>, od kojih će se društvo postupno oporaviti tek nakon <a href="/wiki/Drugi_svjetski_rat" title="Drugi svjetski rat">Drugog svjetskog rata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Berlin tvrdi da prema mišljenju romantičara, </p><blockquote><p>ono što je bitno u etici, politici, i estetici je autentičnost i iskrenost potrage za unutarnjim ciljevima i podjednako se odnosi i na individue i na grupe - države, nacije ili pokrete. To je najvidljivije u estetici romantizma, prema kojoj je ideja idealnih modela, platonske vizije idealne ljepote koju umjetnik nastoji prenijeti, doduše nesavršeno, na platno ili zvuk, zamijenjeno strastvenim vjerovanjem u duhovnu slobodu i individualnu kreativnost. Slikar, pjesnik ili skladatelj ne drže jednostavno ogledalo prirodi, svakako idealno, ali izmišljeno; oni ne oponašaju (doktrina mimeze), već stvaraju ne samo način nego i cilj kojeg slijede; ovi ciljevi predstavljaju samoizražavanje umjetnikove jedinstvene, unutarnje vizije, koju ako stave sa strane kao odgovor na pitanja nekog "vanjskog" glasa — crkve, države, javnog mnijenja, obiteljskih prijatelja, arbitara ukusa to se smatra činom izdaje jedinoga što opravdava postojanje onih koji su u bilo kojem smislu kreativni.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:John_William_Waterhouse_The_Lady_of_Shalott.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/John_William_Waterhouse_The_Lady_of_Shalott.jpg/300px-John_William_Waterhouse_The_Lady_of_Shalott.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/John_William_Waterhouse_The_Lady_of_Shalott.jpg/450px-John_William_Waterhouse_The_Lady_of_Shalott.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/John_William_Waterhouse_The_Lady_of_Shalott.jpg/600px-John_William_Waterhouse_The_Lady_of_Shalott.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2620" data-file-height="1973" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_William_Waterhouse" title="John William Waterhouse">John William Waterhouse</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dama_od_Shallotta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dama od Shallotta (stranica ne postoji)">Dama od Shallotta</a></i>, 1888., prema pjesmi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Tennyson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Tennyson (stranica ne postoji)">Alfreda Tennysona</a>; kao mnoge druge <a href="/wiki/Viktorijansko_doba" title="Viktorijansko doba">viktorijanske</a> slike, romantična je, ali ne spada u romantizam.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Lovejoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Lovejoy (stranica ne postoji)">Arthur Lovejoy</a> je u svom eseju "Povijest ideja" ("<i>History of Ideas"</i>) (1948.) pokušao prikazati teškoću definiranja romantizma, dok neki znanstvenici vide romantizam u biti kao kontinuum sa sadašnjošću. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hughes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hughes (stranica ne postoji)">Robert Hughes</a> ga smatra početnim trenutkom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Modernost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modernost (stranica ne postoji)">modernosti</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a neki mislioci kao <a href="/wiki/Chateaubriand" class="mw-redirect" title="Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a>, '<a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a>' i <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a> vide u njemu početak tradicije otpora <a href="/wiki/Prosvjetiteljstvo" title="Prosvjetiteljstvo">prosvjetiteljskom</a> racionalizmu: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Protuprosvjetiteljstvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Protuprosvjetiteljstvo (stranica ne postoji)">protuprosvjetiteljstvo</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> koji je najtješnje bio vezano za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Njema%C4%8Dki_romantizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Njemački romantizam (stranica ne postoji)">njemački romantizam</a>. Raniju definiciju dao je <a href="/wiki/Charles_Baudelaire" title="Charles Baudelaire">Charles Baudelaire</a>: "Romantizam se ne nalazi ni u izboru subjekta ni u točnoj istini, već u tragu osjećaja."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kraj romantizma u nekim je područjima označen pojavom novog stila <a href="/wiki/Realizam" class="mw-disambig" title="Realizam">realizma</a>, koji je obuhvatio književnost, posebno roman i dramu, slikarstvo, čak i glazbu preko opere <a href="/wiki/Verizam" title="Verizam">verizma</a>. Ovaj su pokret predvodili <a href="/wiki/Balzac" class="mw-redirect" title="Balzac">Balzac</a> i <a href="/wiki/Flaubert" class="mw-redirect" title="Flaubert">Flaubert</a> u književnosti i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Courbet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Courbet (stranica ne postoji)">Courbet</a> u slikarstvu, ali su i <a href="/wiki/Stendhal" title="Stendhal">Stendhal</a> i <a href="/wiki/Goya" class="mw-redirect" title="Goya">Goya</a> bili važni začetnici realizma u svojim medijima. Stil romantizma, sad već uspostavljen kao uhodan i siguran stil protiv čega su se realisti bunili, nastavlja međutim prosperirati i razvijati se u mnogim područjima sve do kraja stoljeća i kasnije. Glazbena djela nastala nakon <a href="/wiki/1850." title="1850.">1850.</a> neki stručnjaci nazivaju "kasnoromantičkim", drugi "neoromantičkim" ili "postromantičkim", ali u drugim poljima ovi se termini ne koriste. Na engleskom govornom području pojam "viktorijanski" je u književnosti i slikarstvu dovoljan da karakterizira ovo razdoblje, bez dodatne terminologije. </p><p>Ranoromantični vizionarski optimizam i vjerovanje da je svijet u procesu velikih promjena i poboljšanja, u sjevernoj Europi kasnije je gotovo nestao i neke grane umjetnosti postale su konvencionalno političke i polemičke, pošto su se kreatori pokreta u tom području polemički angažirali protiv društva kakav je bio. U drugim zemljama, uključujući na vrlo različite načine i <a href="/wiki/SAD" class="mw-redirect" title="SAD">SAD</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusiju</a>, također je bio prisutan osjećaj o nastupajućim velikim promjenama. Prikaz jakih osjećaja u umjetnosti ostaje prioritetan, kao i egzotični i povijesni ugođaji kojima su se romantičari isticali, ali u kasnijem razdoblju općenito se smanjilo eksperimentiranje s formom i tehnikom. Umjesto toga, eksperimentiranje je u slikarstvu zamijenila minuciozna tehnika, kao i u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tennyson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tennyson (stranica ne postoji)">Tennysonovim</a> pjesmama. Ako ne baš realistička, umjetnost kraja <a href="/wiki/19._stolje%C4%87e" title="19. stoljeće">19. stoljeća</a> bila je vrlo često ekstremno detaljna, a tadašnji autori su se ponosili dodavanjem originalnih detalja oko kojih se rani romantičari nisu zamarali. Mnoge ideje romantizma o prirodi i svrsi umjetnosti, osim zbog istaknute važnosti originalnosti, nastavile su biti važne i kasnijim generacijama i često su bile temelj modernim nazorima, usprkos opiranju nekih teoretičara. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Književnost_romantizma"><span id="Knji.C5.BEevnost_romantizma"></span>Književnost romantizma</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak: Književnost romantizma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Književnost romantizma"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7016135">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Knji%C5%BEevnost_romantizma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Književnost romantizma (stranica ne postoji)">Književnost romantizma</a></div></i></div> <table cellpadding="1" style="float: right; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 15px 0 15px;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background: #ccf; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Knji%C5%BEevnost" title="Književnost">KNJIŽEVNOST</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Knji%C5%BEevnost_drevnog_istoka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Književnost drevnog istoka (stranica ne postoji)">drevni istok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antika" title="Antika">antika</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starogr%C4%8Dka_knji%C5%BEevnost" title="Starogrčka književnost">starogrčka književnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimska_knji%C5%BEevnost" title="Rimska književnost">rimska književnost</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srednjovjekovna_knji%C5%BEevnost" title="Srednjovjekovna književnost">srednjovjekovna književnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanizam" title="Humanizam">humanizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renesansa" title="Renesansa">renesansa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barok" title="Barok">barok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klasicizam" title="Klasicizam">klasicizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosvjetiteljstvo" title="Prosvjetiteljstvo">prosvjetiteljstvo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">romantizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Realizam_(knji%C5%BEevnost)" title="Realizam (književnost)">realizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modernizam" title="Modernizam">modernizam</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esteticizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esteticizam (stranica ne postoji)">esteticizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avangarda" title="Avangarda">avangarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasni_modernizam" title="Kasni modernizam">kasni modernizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodernizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmodernizam">postmodernizam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Chatterton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Chatterton.jpg/280px-Chatterton.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Chatterton.jpg/420px-Chatterton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Chatterton.jpg/560px-Chatterton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1174" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Wallis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Wallis (stranica ne postoji)">Henry Wallis</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chattertonova_smrt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chattertonova smrt (stranica ne postoji)">Chattertonova smrt</a></i> (1856.). Prikaz događaja iz <a href="/wiki/1770." title="1770.">1770.</a>: samoubojstvo trovanjem sedamnaestogodišnjeg pjesnika <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chatterton" title="Thomas Chatterton">Thomasa Chattertona</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Romantizam u književnosti bio je obilježen kritikom prošlog umjetničkog razdoblja, razvio je kult "osjetljivosti" s posebnim naglaskom na osjetljive pojedince, žene i djecu, na osjećaju usamljenosti umjetnika ili pripovjedača, te na štovanju prirode. Osim toga, mnogi su autori romantizma, kao <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a> i <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a>, temeljili svoja djela na tematici nadnaravnog/<a href="/wiki/Okultizam" title="Okultizam">okultnog</a> i na čovječjoj <a href="/wiki/Psihologija" title="Psihologija">psihologiji</a>. Romantizam gleda na <a href="/wiki/Satira" title="Satira">satiru</a> kao na nešto nedostojno pažnje, što je ostalo prisutno kao predrasuda do današnjih dana.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Preteče romantizma u engleskom pjesništvu nalazimo još sredinom <a href="/wiki/18._stolje%C4%87e" title="18. stoljeće">18. stoljeća</a>, primjerice <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Warton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Warton (stranica ne postoji)">Josepha Warthona</a> (upravnika <a href="/w/index.php?title=Winchesterski_koled%C5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winchesterski koledž (stranica ne postoji)">Winchesterskog koledža</a>) i njegovog brata <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Warton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Warton (stranica ne postoji)">Thomasa Wartona</a>, profesora pjesništva na <a href="/wiki/Sveu%C4%8Dili%C5%A1te_u_Oxfordu" title="Sveučilište u Oxfordu">Oksfordskom sveučilištu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-John_Keats_page_106_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-John_Keats_page_106-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Joseph je uvijek tvrdio da su inventivnost i imaginacija osnovne karakteristike pjesnika. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chatterton" title="Thomas Chatterton">Thomas Chatterton</a> općenito se smatra prvim pjesnikom romantizma na engleskom govornom području.<sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_Chatterton_1971,_page_11_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_Chatterton_1971,_page_11-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Škotski pjesnik <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Macpherson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Macpherson (stranica ne postoji)">James Macpherson</a> utjecao je na razvoj romantizma i međunarodnim uspjehom svog ciklusa pjesama o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ossian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ossian (stranica ne postoji)">Ossianu</a> objavljenih <a href="/wiki/1762." title="1762.">1762.</a>, koje su inspirirale <a href="/wiki/Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Goethe">Goethea</a> i mladog <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Waltera Scotta</a>. Prvi <a href="/wiki/Goti%C4%8Dka_fikcija" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotička fikcija">gotički roman</a>, "Otrantski dvorac" ("<i>The Castle of Otranto"</i>) objavio je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horace_Walpole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horace Walpole (stranica ne postoji)">Horace Walpole</a> <a href="/wiki/1764." title="1764.">1764.</a> To je bio važan predznak ove struje romantizma, koja je davala naglasak na užasu i opasnosti i na egzotičnom pitoresknom ambijentu, što je reflektiralo i Walpoleovu ulogu arhitekta u oživljavanju <a href="/wiki/Gotika" title="Gotika">gotičke</a> arhitekture. "<i>Tristram Shandy"</i>, roman englesko-irskog pisca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laurence_Sterne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laurence Sterne (stranica ne postoji)">Laurencea Sternea</a> (<a href="/wiki/1759." title="1759.">1759.</a> – <a href="/wiki/1767." title="1767.">1767.</a>) prezentira engleskoj književnoj publici čudljivu inačicu antiracionalnog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentimentalisti%C4%8Dki_roman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentimentalistički roman (stranica ne postoji)">sentimentalističkog romana</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Njemačka"><span id="Njema.C4.8Dka"></span>Njemačka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak: Njemačka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Njemačka"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Des_Knaben_Wunderhorn_III_(1808).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Des_Knaben_Wunderhorn_III_%281808%29.jpg/220px-Des_Knaben_Wunderhorn_III_%281808%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Des_Knaben_Wunderhorn_III_%281808%29.jpg/330px-Des_Knaben_Wunderhorn_III_%281808%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Des_Knaben_Wunderhorn_III_%281808%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="339" /></a><figcaption>Naslovnica trećeg sveska njemačkih pjesama <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Des_Knaben_Wunderhorn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Des Knaben Wunderhorn (stranica ne postoji)">Des Knaben Wunderhorn</a></i> (hrv. "Dječakov čarobni rog") iz <a href="/wiki/1808." title="1808.">1808.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Za rani njemački utjecaj u razdoblju romantizma najviše je zaslužan <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a> sa svojim romanom <i><a href="/wiki/Patnje_mladog_Werthera" title="Patnje mladog Werthera">"Patnje mladog Werthera</a>"</i> iz <a href="/wiki/1774." title="1774.">1774.</a>, toliko da su mladići diljem Europe oponašali protagonista romana, mladog umjetnika s vrlo osjetljivim i strasnim temperamentom. U to je vrijeme teritorij Njemačke činilo mnoštvo malih nezavisnih država, a Goetheova djela imala su značajan utjecaj u razvoju zajedničkog <a href="/wiki/Nacionalizam" title="Nacionalizam">nacionalističkog</a> osjećaja. Važan filozofski utjecaj u ono doba imao je njemački <a href="/wiki/Idealizam" title="Idealizam">idealizam</a> u djelima <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Fichtea</a> i <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling">Friedrica Schellinga</a>, što je učinilo <a href="/wiki/Jena" title="Jena">Jenu</a> (u kojoj je živio Fichte, ali i Schelling, <a href="/wiki/Hegel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hegel">Hegel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schiller" class="mw-redirect" title="Schiller">Schiller</a> i braća <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Schlegel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel (stranica ne postoji)">Schlegel</a>) središtem ranog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Njema%C4%8Dki_romantizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Njemački romantizam (stranica ne postoji)">njemačkog romantizma</a> ("<i>Jenaer Romantik</i>"). Značajni pisci bili su <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Ludwig Tieck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a> ("<i>Heinrich von Ofterdingen"</i>, 1799.), <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Kleist" title="Heinrich von Kleist">Heinrich von Kleist</a> i <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Friedrich Hölderlin</a>. <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a> kasnije postaje središte njemačkog romantizma, gdje su se pisci i pjesnici kao <a href="/wiki/Clemens_Brentano" title="Clemens Brentano">Clemens Brentano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Achim_von_Arnim" title="Achim von Arnim">Achim von Arnim</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Freiherr_von_Eichendorff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff (stranica ne postoji)">Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff</a> redovito sastajali u književnim krugovima. </p><p>Važni motivi njemačkog romantizma su putovanja, priroda, i <a href="/wiki/Nordijska_mitologija" title="Nordijska mitologija">nordijski mitovi</a>. Kasniji njemački romantizam, primjerice, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Theodor_Amadeus_Hoffmann" title="Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann">Hoffmanov</a> "<i>Der Sandmann"</i> ("Pjeskar") iz <a href="/wiki/1817." title="1817.">1817.</a>, i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Freiherr_von_Eichendorff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff (stranica ne postoji)">Eichendorffova</a> "<i>Das Marmorbild"</i> ("Mramorna statua") iz <a href="/wiki/1819." title="1819.">1819.</a>, bili su mračniji u svojim motivima i sadržavali su elemente <a href="/wiki/Goti%C4%8Dki_roman" title="Gotički roman">gotičke pripovjetke</a>. Važnost dječje nevinosti, važnost imaginacije, i rasne teorije u romantizmu, sve to kombinirano, dalo je prije svega u Njemačkoj jedinstvenu važnost <a href="/w/index.php?title=Narodna_knji%C5%BEevnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narodna književnost (stranica ne postoji)">narodnoj književnosti</a>, neklasičnoj <a href="/wiki/Mitologija" title="Mitologija">mitologiji</a> i <a href="/wiki/Dje%C4%8Dja_knji%C5%BEevnost" title="Dječja književnost">dječjoj književnosti</a>. Brentano i von Arnim bili su značajni književnici koji su zajedno objavili zbirku narodnih priča u stihovima "<i>Des Knaben Wunderhorn"</i> ("Dječakov čarobni rog" ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kornukopija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kornukopija (stranica ne postoji)">kornukopija</a>) (1806. – 1808.). Prva zbirka "<i>Kinder- und Hausmärchen"</i> ("Bajki za djecu") <a href="/wiki/Bra%C4%87a_Grimm" title="Braća Grimm">braće Grimm</a> objavljena je <a href="/wiki/1812." title="1812.">1812.</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Za razliku od kasnijih djela <a href="/wiki/Hans_Christian_Andersen" title="Hans Christian Andersen">Hansa Christiana Andersena</a>, koji je objavljivao svoje izmišljene bajke na danskom jeziku od <a href="/wiki/1835." title="1835.">1835.</a>, ova njemačka zbirka se bar temeljila na pravim zabilježenim <a href="/wiki/Folklor" title="Folklor">narodnim pričama</a>, a braća Grimm ostaju dosljedni pripovjedačkom stilu iz prvih izdanja, iako su kasnije preradili neke dijelove. Jedan od braće, <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Grimm" title="Jacob Grimm">Jacob</a>, objavljuje 1835. "<i>Deutsche Mythologie"</i> ("Njemačka mitologija"), opširni akademski rad o njemačkoj mitologiji.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Druga stilska linija prisutna u njemačkoj književnosti romantizma karakteristična je za <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Schillerov</a> izrazito osjećajan jezik i opis fizičkog nasilja u svojoj drami "<i>Die Räuber"</i> ("Razbojnici") iz <a href="/wiki/1781." title="1781.">1781.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engleska">Engleska</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odlomak: Engleska" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Engleska"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Byronharlow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Byronharlow.jpg/220px-Byronharlow.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Byronharlow.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="317" data-file-height="455" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Henry_Harlow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Henry Harlow (stranica ne postoji)">George Henry Harlow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a> oko 1816.</figcaption></figure> <p>U <a href="/wiki/Engleska_knji%C5%BEevnost" title="Engleska književnost">engleskoj književnosti</a>, ključne ličnosti pokreta romantizma su skupina pjesnika u koju spadaju <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">John Keats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Percy Bysshe Shelley</a>, i puno stariji <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>, a nakon njih slijedi <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Clare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Clare (stranica ne postoji)">John Clare</a>, zajedno s romanopiscima <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walterom Scottom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">Mary Shelley</a>, te esejistima <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hazlitt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hazlitt (stranica ne postoji)">Williamom Hazlittom</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Lamb&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Lamb (stranica ne postoji)">Charlesom Lambom</a>. Kao početak romantizma u Engleskoj smatra se objavljivanje zbirke pjesama "Lirske balade" ("<i>Lyrical Ballads"</i>) iz 1798., koje sadrže neke od najljepših pjesma Wordswortha i Coleridgea. Većina pjesama pripada Wordsworthu, u kojima je opjevao živote siromašnih u njegovu rodnom <a href="/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District">Lake Districtu</a>, ili pjesnikove osjećaje prema prirodi. Osjećaji prema prirodi su najbolje izraženi u njegovoj dugoj pjesmi "Preludij" ("<i>The Prelude"</i>), objavljenoj nakon njegove smrti. Najdulja pjesma u zbirci je Coleridgeova "Balada starog mornara" ("<i>The Rime of the Ancient Mariner")</i> u kojoj je očigledan "gotički" aspekt engleskog romantizma i egzotični ambijent, karakterističan za mnoga djela tog doba. U razdoblju njihovog djelovanja, na tzv. "<a href="/wiki/Jezerski_pjesnici" title="Jezerski pjesnici">Jezerske pjesnike</a>" ("<i>Lake Poets"</i>) uglavnom se gledalo kao na marginalnu grupu radikala, iako su dobivali podršku kritičara i pisca <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hazlitt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hazlitt (stranica ne postoji)">Williama Hazlitta</a> i drugih. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Anne-Louis_Girodet-Trioson_006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Anne-Louis_Girodet-Trioson_006.jpg/220px-Anne-Louis_Girodet-Trioson_006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Anne-Louis_Girodet-Trioson_006.jpg/330px-Anne-Louis_Girodet-Trioson_006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Anne-Louis_Girodet-Trioson_006.jpg/440px-Anne-Louis_Girodet-Trioson_006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1243" data-file-height="1723" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne-Louis_Girodet_de_Roussy-Trioson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson (stranica ne postoji)">Anne-Louis Girodet</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Chateaubriand" class="mw-redirect" title="Chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a></i> u Rimu, 1808.</figcaption></figure> <p>Za razliku od njih <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a> i <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a> brzo su postali slavni i svojim su djelima imali veliki utjecaj u cijeloj Europi koja su eksperimentirala dramatičnošću i nasiljem u egzotičnom i povijesnom ozračju. Goethe je rekao za Byrona: "bez sumnje, najveći genij našeg stoljeća".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scott je dosegao gotovo trenutni uspjeh dugom narativnom pjesmom <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Lay_of_the_Last_Minstrel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Lay of the Last Minstrel (stranica ne postoji)">The Lay of the Last Minstrel</a></i> iz 1805., zatim i <a href="/wiki/Epika" title="Epika">episkom pjesmom</a> "<i>Marmion"</i> iz 1808. Događaji tih pjesama smješteni su u daleku škotsku prošlost, već prije opisanu u <i>Ossianu</i>. Byron je imao sličan uspjeh s prvim dijelom "Hodočašće Childea Harolda" ("<i>Childe Harold's Pilgrimage"</i>) iz 1812. Objavljuje zatim četiri "Turske priče", sve u obliku dugih pjesama, prva od kojih je "<i>The Giaour"</i> iz 1813., napisane tijekom njegovih putovanja kojima je obišao i Europu pod <a href="/wiki/Osmansko_Carstvo" title="Osmansko Carstvo">otomanskom</a> vladavinom. U to je doba "orijentalizirao" teme svojih pjesama, što je unijelo varijacije u klasičnu sliku "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bajronovski_junak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bajronovski junak (stranica ne postoji)">bajronovskog junaka</a>". Scott je u međuvremenu svojim romanom "<i>Waverley"</i> osnažio sam koncept <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijesni_roman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijesni roman (stranica ne postoji)">povijesnog romana</a>. Radnja romana smještena je u <a href="/wiki/1745." title="1745.">1745.</a> u vrijeme <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacobitski_ustanak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacobitski ustanak (stranica ne postoji)">Jakobitskog ustanka</a>. Djelo je imalo ogroman uspjeh s velikom zaradom, a nakon njega slijedilo je još dvadeset romana, tzv. "<i>Waverley Novels</i>" u sljedećih 17 godina, čija radnja seže u prošlost do <a href="/wiki/Kri%C5%BEarski_ratovi" title="Križarski ratovi">križarskih ratova</a>. Scott je proučavao prošlost u svrhu pisanja svojih romana do mjere koja se prije nije viđala u književnosti.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Za razliku od Njemačke, romantizam u engleskoj književnosti bio je vrlo malo povezan s nacionalizmom. Na romantičare se često gledalo s nepovjerenjem zbog njihovih simpatija prema idealima <a href="/wiki/Francuska_revolucija" title="Francuska revolucija">Francuske revolucije</a>, čiji je kolaps i zamjena s <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleonovom</a> diktaturom bio pravi šok za sam pokret. Iako njegovi romani slave škotski identitet i povijest, Skot je bio uvjereni unionist. Mnogi su autori provodili mnogo vremena putujući, a jedno poznato druženje Byrona i <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Shelleya</a> na obalama <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDenevsko_jezero" title="Ženevsko jezero">Ženevskog jezera</a> 1816. rezultiralo je stvaranjem utjecajnog romana <i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein" class="mw-disambig" title="Frankenstein">Frankenstein</a></i> Shelleyjeve buduće supruge <a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">Mary Shelley</a> i <a href="/wiki/Novela" title="Novela">novele</a> "<i>The Vampyre"</i> Byronovog liječnika <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_William_Polidori&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John William Polidori (stranica ne postoji)">Johna Williama Polidorija</a>. </p><p>Iako postoje suvremeni kritičari koji ga podržavaju, kao na primjer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Georg_Luk%C3%A1cs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georg Lukács (stranica ne postoji)">Georg Lukács</a>, Scottovi romani danas se doživljavaju u svjetlu mnogih kasnijih djela koji su na njima utemeljeni, kao "<i>Lucia di Lammermoor"</i> <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Gaetana Donizettija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellinijevih</a> "<i>I puritani"</i> (oba objavljena 1835.). Byron se danas najviše pamti po svojim kratkim tekstovima pjesama i uglavnom neromantičnoj prozi, pogotovo u njegovim pismima, te njegovoj nedovršenoj <a href="/wiki/Satira" title="Satira">satiri</a> "<i>Don Juan"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Za razliku od drugih romantičara, Byronov javnosti široko objavljen privatni život bio je ravan njegovim djelima i njegova smrt od bolesti u 36. godini života <a href="/wiki/1824." title="1824.">1824.</a> godine dok je potpomagao <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_rat_za_nezavisnost" class="mw-redirect" title="Grčki rat za nezavisnost">Grčki rat za nezavisnost</a> čini se danas prikladnim romantičnim krajem, što dodatno učvršćuje legendu o njemu.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Keats 1821. i Shelley 1822. umiru u Italiji, Blake (gotovo u 70. godini) umire 1827., a Coleridge uglavnom prestaje pisati u 1820-ima. Wordsworth je 1820-ih bio vrlo cijenjen i poštovan, ali relativno je malo pisao. Smatra se da je razdoblje romantizma u engleskoj književnosti završilo 1820-ih, iako su mnogi autori u sljedećim desetljećima promicali romantične ideje. </p><p>Najznačajniji romanopisac na engleskom jeziku u razdoblju vrhunca romantizma, osim Waltera Scotta, bila je <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>. Njezin uglavnom konzervativni nazor imao je malo toga zajedničkog s njezinim suvremenicima romantičarima. Čvrsto je vjerovala u pristojnost i društvena pravila, iako se nazire kritika istih u nekom djelima, pogotovo u "<i>Mansfield Park"</i> (1814.) i "<i>Uvjerenje</i>" ("<i>Persuasion"</i>) (1817.).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Međutim, sredinom 19. stoljeća pojavljuju se romani u jasnom romantičnom stilu <a href="/wiki/Sestre_Bront%C3%AB" title="Sestre Brontë">triju sestara Brontë</a>, od kojih su najznačajniji "<i>Jane Eyre"</i> autorice <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB" title="Charlotte Brontë">Charlotte Brontë</a> i "<i>Orkanski visovi</i>" (<i>"Wuthering Heights"</i>) mlađe sestre <a href="/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë">Emily Brontë</a>, svi objavljeni 1847. </p><p>Byron, Keats i Percy Shelley pisali su i dramska djela, ali s malim uspjehom u Engleskoj. Shelleyeva drama <i>"The Cenci"</i> vjerojatno je najbolje napisano dramsko djelo, ali nije se izvodilo u engleskim kazalištima čitavo stoljeće nakon njegove smrti. Byronova djela, zajedno s prilagodbom svojim pjesama i Scottovih romana u dramska djela, bili su puno popularniji u kontinentalnoj Europi, pogotovo u Francuskoj, a mnogi od njih su kasnije bili adaptirani u opere i izvode se do današnjih dana. Iako ondašnji pjesnici nisu imali mnogo uspjeha u engleskim kazalištima, ovo je razdoblje ušlo u legendu <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespeareovim</a> izvedbama i vraćanju izvornim tekstovima uklanjanjem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustanska_knji%C5%BEevnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustanska književnost (stranica ne postoji)">augustanskih</a> "poboljšanja". Najveći glumac ovog razdoblja, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Kean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund Kean (stranica ne postoji)">Edmund Kean</a>, vratio je tragični kraj u "<i>Kralju Learu".</i><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coleridge je izjavio: “Gledati njegovu glumu je poput čitanja Shakespearea s bljeskom munja.”<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Francuska">Francuska</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odlomak: Francuska" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Francuska"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Romantizam se relativno kasno razvio u <a href="/wiki/Francuska_knji%C5%BEevnost" title="Francuska književnost">francuskoj književnosti</a>, čak i kasnije nego u likovnoj umjetnosti. Preteča romantizma u <a href="/wiki/18._stolje%C4%87e" title="18. stoljeće">18. stoljeću</a>, kult osjetljivosti, bio je asociran s <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien regime</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Francuska_revolucija" title="Francuska revolucija">Francuska revolucija</a> bila je više inspiracija za strane pisce nego za one koji su je doživjeli iz prve ruke. Prva značajna ličnost bio je <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">François-René de Chateaubriand</a>, niži aristokrat, koji je ostao <a href="/wiki/Rojalizam" title="Rojalizam">rojalist</a> i za vrijeme Francuske revolucije, i vratio se u Francusku za vladavine Napoleona iz egzila u Engleskoj i Americi. S njegovim režimom također nije imao laki odnos. Njegova djela, sva u prozi, obuhvaćaju nekoliko romana kao što je vrlo utjecajni <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René (stranica ne postoji)">René</a></i> (1802.), u kojem je preduhitrio Bayrona u stvaranju lika <a href="/wiki/Otu%C4%91enje_(filozofija)" title="Otuđenje (filozofija)">otuđenog heroja</a>, ali većim dijelom obuhvaćaju nedavnu povijest i politiku, vlastita putovanja, obranu religije i duha srednjeg vijeka (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9nie_du_christianisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Génie du christianisme (stranica ne postoji)">Génie du christianisme</a></i> 1802.) i konačno njegovu obimnu <a href="/wiki/Autobiografija" title="Autobiografija">autobiografiju</a> iz <a href="/w/index.php?title=1830-ih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1830-ih (stranica ne postoji)">1830-ih</a> i <a href="/wiki/1840-ih" title="1840-ih">1840-ih</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A9moires_d%27Outre-Tombe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mémoires d'Outre-Tombe (stranica ne postoji)">Mémoires d'Outre-Tombe</a></i> ("Sjećanja onkraj groba").<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Victor_Hugo-Hernani(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Victor_Hugo-Hernani%281%29.jpg/220px-Victor_Hugo-Hernani%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Victor_Hugo-Hernani%281%29.jpg/330px-Victor_Hugo-Hernani%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Victor_Hugo-Hernani%281%29.jpg/440px-Victor_Hugo-Hernani%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1452" data-file-height="1562" /></a><figcaption>"Bitka za <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hernani_(drama)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hernani (drama) (stranica ne postoji)">Hernani</a></i>" se zbila noću u kazalištu 1830.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nakon <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burbonska_restauracija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burbonska restauracija (stranica ne postoji)">Burbonske restauracije</a>, francuski se romantizam razvija u živom svijetu pariškog kazališta s prikazivanjima djela <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespearea</a>, Schillera (ključnog autora romantizma u Francuskoj), te adaptacija Scotta i Byrona uz razne francuske autore, mnogi od kojih počinju pisati u kasnim 1820-im. Formirale su se skupine pro- i proturomantičara i izvođenja predstava su često pratile grupe pro- i antiromantičara koje su često navijale za vrijeme same predstave, uključujući i glasni uzvik jednog gledatelja 1822. da "<i>Shakespeare, c'est l'aide-de-camp de Wellington</i>" ("Shakespeare je <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wellesley,_vojvoda_od_Wellingtona" title="Arthur Wellesley, vojvoda od Wellingtona">Wellingtonov</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aide-de-camp&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aide-de-camp (stranica ne postoji)">aide-de-camp</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" class="mw-disambig" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas</a> je počeo kao kazališni pisac, s uspješnim nizom djela koji započinju s <i>Henri III et s cour</i> (1829.). Kasnije je odlučio pisati romane, najčešće povijesne avanture otprilike u Scottovoj maniri, najpoznatiji od kojih su <i><a href="/wiki/Tri_mu%C5%A1ketira" title="Tri mušketira">Tri mušketira</a></i> i <i><a href="/wiki/Grof_Monte_Cristo" title="Grof Monte Cristo">Grof Monte Cristo</a></i>, oba napisana <a href="/wiki/1844." title="1844.">1844.</a> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a> je 1820-ih objavljivao radove kao pjesnik, prije nego što je postigao uspjeh s povijesnom dramom <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hernani_(drama)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hernani (drama) (stranica ne postoji)">Hernani</a></i> u kvazi-Shakespeareovskom stilu koja je postala poznata po izbijanju nemira na svojoj premijeri 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kao i Dumas, on je u konačnici bio više poznat po svojim romanima, posebno <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame_de_Paris_(roman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Notre-Dame de Paris (roman) (stranica ne postoji)">Zvonarom crkve Notre-Dame</a></i> (1831.), najpoznatijim od svih njegovih djela u njegovoj dugoj karijeri. Predgovor njegovog neprikazanog djela "Cromwell" važan je manifest francuskog romantizma sa svojom parolom "nema pravila, nema modela". Karijera <a href="/wiki/Prosper_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Prosper Mérimée">Prospera Mériméea</a> slijedio je sličan tok, danas je poznat kao autor priče <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carmen_(roman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carmen (roman) (stranica ne postoji)">Carmen</a></i>, sa svojim romanom iz <a href="/wiki/1845." title="1845.">1845.</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Vigny" title="Alfred de Vigny">Alfred de Vigny</a> je ostao zapamćen kao dramaturg, s njegovim vjerojatno najljepšim djelom o životu engleskog pjesnika <i>Chatterton</i> (1835.). </p><p>Najplodniji francuski pjesnici romantizma od <a href="/w/index.php?title=1830-ih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1830-ih (stranica ne postoji)">1830-ih</a> do <a href="/w/index.php?title=1850-ih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1850-ih (stranica ne postoji)">1850-ih</a> su <a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Musset" title="Alfred de Musset">Alfred de Musset</a>, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_de_Nerval" title="Gérard de Nerval">Gérard de Nerval</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Alphonse de Lamartine</a> i kitnjasti <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Gautier" title="Théophile Gautier">Théophile Gautier</a>, čije se plodno razdoblje pisanja u različitim oblicima nastavilo do njegove smrti <a href="/wiki/1872." title="1872.">1872.</a> <a href="/wiki/George_Sand" title="George Sand">George Sand</a> je preuzela od <a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Germaine de Staël</a> ulogu vodeće ženske spisateljice i bila je središnja figura pariške literarne scene, poznata po svojim romanima i kritici kao i po ljubavnim avanturama s <a href="/wiki/Chopin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chopin">Chopinom</a> i drugima.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Stendhal" title="Stendhal">Stendhal</a> je danas vjerojatno najviše cijenjen francuski romanopisac onog razdoblja, ali njegov je odnos s romantizmom vrlo složen. On je, naime, poznat po dubokom psihološkom prikazu svojih likova i svom realizmu, što su rijetko viđene kvalitete u fikcijskom pisanju doba romantizma. On je preživio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francuska_invazija_Rusije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francuska invazija Rusije (stranica ne postoji)">francusko povlačenje iz Moskve</a> <a href="/wiki/1812." title="1812.">1812.</a>, tako da ga fantazije o herojstvu i avanturi nisu posebno dirale. On se kao i <a href="/wiki/Goya" class="mw-redirect" title="Goya">Goya</a> često smatra pretečom <a href="/wiki/Realizam" class="mw-disambig" title="Realizam">realizma</a>. Njegova najvažnija djela su <i>Le Rouge et le Noir</i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Crveno_i_crno" title="Crveno i crno">Crveno i crno</a></i>, 1830.) i <i>La Chartreuse de Parme</i> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0artrez_iz_Parme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šartrez iz Parme (stranica ne postoji)">Šartrez iz Parme</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/1839." title="1839.">1839.</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rusija">Rusija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odlomak: Rusija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Rusija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ruslan_and_Ludmila_front_page_1820.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ruslan_and_Ludmila_front_page_1820.jpg/210px-Ruslan_and_Ludmila_front_page_1820.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ruslan_and_Ludmila_front_page_1820.jpg/315px-Ruslan_and_Ludmila_front_page_1820.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ruslan_and_Ludmila_front_page_1820.jpg/420px-Ruslan_and_Ludmila_front_page_1820.jpg 2x" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Naslovnica prvog izdanja <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Sergejevi%C4%8D_Pu%C5%A1kin" title="Aleksandar Sergejevič Puškin">Puškinovih</a> epskih <a href="/wiki/Bajka" title="Bajka">bajki</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruslan_i_Ljudmila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruslan i Ljudmila (stranica ne postoji)">Ruslan i Ljudmila</a></i>, 1820.</figcaption></figure> <p>Rani ruski romantizam veže se za pisce <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Batju%C5%A1kov" title="Konstantin Batjuškov">Konstantina Batjuškova</a> (<i>Pogled na obale Lete</i>, 1809.), <a href="/wiki/Vasilij_%C5%BDukovski" title="Vasilij Žukovski">Vasilij Žukovski</a> (<i>Bard</i>, 1811.; <i>Svetlana</i>, 1813.) i <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Karamzin" title="Nikolaj Karamzin">Nikolaj Karamzin</a> (<i>Uboga Liza</i>, 1792.; <i>Julia</i>, 1796.; <i>Gradonačelnica Marta</i>, 1802.; <i>The Sensitive and the Cold</i>, 1803.). Međutim, glavni predstavnik ruskog romantizma je <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Sergejevi%C4%8D_Pu%C5%A1kin" title="Aleksandar Sergejevič Puškin">Aleksandar Puškin</a> (<i>Kavkaski zarobljenik</i>, 1820. – 1821.; <i>Braća razbojnici</i>, 1822; <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruslan_i_Ljudmila&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruslan i Ljudmila (stranica ne postoji)">Ruslan i Ljudmila</a></i>, 1820.; <i><a href="/wiki/Evgenij_Onjegin" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Evgenij Onjegin">Evgenij Onjegin</a></i>, 1825. – 1832.). Puškinova su djela utjecala na mnoge pisce <a href="/wiki/19._stolje%C4%87e" title="19. stoljeće">19. stoljeća</a> i donijeli su mu priznanje i reputaciju najvećeg ruskog pjesnika.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ostali ruski pjesnici romantizma su <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Ljermontov" title="Mihail Ljermontov">Mihail Ljermontov</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Junak_na%C5%A1eg_doba" title="Junak našeg doba">Junak našeg doba</a></i>, 1839.), <a href="/wiki/Fjodor_Tjut%C4%8Dev" title="Fjodor Tjutčev">Fjodor Tjutčev</a> (<i>Silentium!</i>, 1830), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jevgenij_Baratinskij&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jevgenij Baratinskij (stranica ne postoji)">Jevgenij Baratinskij</a> (<i>Eda</i>, 1826.), <a href="/wiki/Anton_Deljvig" title="Anton Deljvig">Anton Deljvig</a>, i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_K%C3%BCchelbecker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Küchelbecker (stranica ne postoji)">Wilhelm Küchelbecker</a>. </p><p>Pod jakim utjecajem <a href="/wiki/George_Gordon_Byron" title="George Gordon Byron">Lorda Byrona</a>, Ljermontov je nastojao istražiti romantičarsko isticanje metafizičkog nezadovoljstva s društvom i samim sobom, dok Tjutčevljeve pjesme često opisuju prizore iz prirode i ljubavnu strast. Tjutčev je obično koristio kategorije kontrasta kao noć i dan, sjever i jug, san i java, kozmos i kaos, ukočeni svijet zime i proljeće prepuno života. Baratinskijev stil je po prirodi bio prvenstveno klasičan, zadržao se na modelima prethodnog stoljeća. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Katolička_Europa"><span id="Katoli.C4.8Dka_Europa"></span>Katolička Europa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odlomak: Katolička Europa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Katolička Europa"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U pretežno <a href="/wiki/Katoli%C4%8Dka_crkva" class="mw-redirect" title="Katolička crkva">rimokatoličkim</a> zemljama, romantizam je bio manje izražen nego u Njemačkoj i Britaniji, te se razvio kasnije kao posljedica Napoleonovih osvajanja. Književni romantizam bio je usko povezan s oživljavanjem nacionalnih osjećaja u malim i pokorenim zemljama i kulturalni nacionalizam bio je uvod u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Revolucija_1848%E2%80%931849.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revolucija 1848–1849. (stranica ne postoji)">revolucije 1848.-1849.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Poljska">Poljska</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odlomak: Poljska" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Poljska"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kao početak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam_u_Poljskoj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romantizam u Poljskoj (stranica ne postoji)">romantizma u Poljskoj</a> uzima se objavljivanje prvih pjesama <a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Adama Mickiewicza</a> <a href="/wiki/1822." title="1822.">1822.</a>, dok pokret završava s gušenjem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sije%C4%8Danjski_ustanak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siječanjski ustanak (stranica ne postoji)">Siječanjskog ustanka</a> iz <a href="/wiki/1863." title="1863.">1863.</a> protiv <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusije</a>. Pokret je bio vrlo jako označen interesom za poljsku povijest.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poljski je romantizam oživio staru tradiciju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarmatizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarmatizam (stranica ne postoji)">sarmatizma</a> poljskog plemstva <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0lahta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šlahta (stranica ne postoji)">šlahta</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Szlachta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Szlachta (stranica ne postoji)">szlachta</a></i>). Oživljavaju se stare tradicije i običaji i stvara se pozitivan stav prema poljskom mesijanskom pokretu, isto tako i preko radova velikih poljskih pjesnika kao npr. Adam Mickiewicz (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pan_Tadeusz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pan Tadeusz (stranica ne postoji)">Pan Tadeusz</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juliusz_S%C5%82owacki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juliusz Słowacki (stranica ne postoji)">Juliusz Słowacki</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zygmunt_Krasi%C5%84ski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zygmunt Krasiński (stranica ne postoji)">Zygmunt Krasiński</a> i pisaca proze kao <a href="/wiki/Henryk_Sienkiewicz" title="Henryk Sienkiewicz">Henryk Sienkiewicz</a>. Ova bliska veza između poljskog romantizma i poljske povijesti postaje jedna od kvaliteta koje definiraju književnost u razdoblju romantizma u Poljskoj, što ga čini različitim u odnosu na druge države. Druge zemlje, naime, neće patiti od gubitka nacionalne državnosti kao što je to bio slučaj s Poljskom.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Italija">Italija</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odlomak: Italija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Italija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Grecian-Gothic_neoclassical-romantic_style-contrast_1816-Repton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Grecian-Gothic_neoclassical-romantic_style-contrast_1816-Repton.jpg/300px-Grecian-Gothic_neoclassical-romantic_style-contrast_1816-Repton.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Grecian-Gothic_neoclassical-romantic_style-contrast_1816-Repton.jpg/450px-Grecian-Gothic_neoclassical-romantic_style-contrast_1816-Repton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Grecian-Gothic_neoclassical-romantic_style-contrast_1816-Repton.jpg/600px-Grecian-Gothic_neoclassical-romantic_style-contrast_1816-Repton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Crtež koji tumači kontrast između neoklasičnog i romantičnog stila u arhitekturi i pejzažnoj umjetnosti (u tekstu je definiran kao "grčki i "gotički" stil), 1816.</figcaption></figure> <p>Romantizam u talijanskoj književnosti bio je minorni pokret, ali ipak značajan. On službeno počinje 1816. nakon što je <a href="/wiki/Germaine_de_Sta%C3%ABl" title="Germaine de Staël">Germaine de Staël</a> napisala članak u časopisu <i>Biblioteca italiana</i> s naslovom <i>Sulla maniera e l'utilità delle traduzioni</i>, čime poziva talijansku javnost da odbaci <a href="/wiki/Neoklasicizam" title="Neoklasicizam">neoklasicizam</a> i da započinje proučavanje novih autora iz drugih zemalja. Prije tog trenutka, <a href="/wiki/Ugo_Foscolo" title="Ugo Foscolo">Ugo Foscolo</a> je već objavio pjesme u kojima se naslućuju romantične teme. Najznačajniji pisci romantizma u Italiji su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludovico_di_Breme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludovico di Breme (stranica ne postoji)">Ludovico di Breme</a>, Pietro Borsieri i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Giovanni_Berchet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giovanni Berchet (stranica ne postoji)">Giovanni Berchet</a>. Poznatiji autori kao <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Manzoni" title="Alessandro Manzoni">Alessandro Manzoni</a> i <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Leopardi" title="Giacomo Leopardi">Giacomo Leopardi</a> bili su pod utjecajem <a href="/wiki/Prosvjetiteljstvo" title="Prosvjetiteljstvo">prosvjetiteljstva</a> s primjesama romantizma i klasicizma.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Španjolska"><span id=".C5.A0panjolska"></span>Španjolska</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Uredi odlomak: Španjolska" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=14" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Španjolska"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Romantizam se u Španjolskoj razvio u poznati književni pokret s velikim brojem pjesnika i dramskih pisaca. Najpoznatiji španjolski pjesnik tog doba bio je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_de_Espronceda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José de Espronceda (stranica ne postoji)">José de Espronceda</a>. Nakon njega slijedili su drugi pjesnici kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustavo_Adolfo_B%C3%A9cquer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer (stranica ne postoji)">Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Jos%C3%A9_de_Larra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mariano José de Larra (stranica ne postoji)">Mariano José de Larra</a> i dramski pisac <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Zorrilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Zorrilla (stranica ne postoji)">José Zorrilla</a>, autor djela <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_Juan_Tenorio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Don Juan Tenorio (stranica ne postoji)">Don Juan Tenorio</a></i>.Prije njih valja spomenuti preromantičare <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Cadalso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Cadalso (stranica ne postoji)">Joséa Cadalsa</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Jos%C3%A9_Quintana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel José Quintana (stranica ne postoji)">Manuela Joséa Quintane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gluma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonio_Garc%C3%ADa_Guti%C3%A9rrez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonio García Gutiérrez (stranica ne postoji)">Antonia Garcíe Gutiérreza</a> bila je adaptirana za produkciju opere <i>Il trovatore</i> ("Trubadur"). U <a href="/wiki/Katalonija" title="Katalonija">Kataloniji</a> i <a href="/wiki/Galicija,_%C5%A0panjolska" class="mw-redirect" title="Galicija, Španjolska">Galiciji</a> došlo je do naglog porasta broja pisaca na lokalnim jezicima, kao npr. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacint_Verdaguer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacint Verdaguer (stranica ne postoji)">Jacint Verdaguer</a> i u Galiciji <a href="/wiki/Rosal%C3%ADa_de_Castro" title="Rosalía de Castro">Rosalía de Castro</a>, dvije osnovne figure nacionalnog buđenja i pokreta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Renaixen%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renaixença (stranica ne postoji)">Renaixença</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rexurdimento&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rexurdimento (stranica ne postoji)">Rexurdimento</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Portugal">Portugal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Uredi odlomak: Portugal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=15" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Portugal"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moderno portugalsko ojesništvo dodatno se razvilo radom romantičarskog pisca <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almeida_Garrett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almeida Garrett (stranica ne postoji)">Almeide Garretta</a>, vrlo plodnog pisca koji je pridonio oblikovanju žanra svojim remek djelom <i><a href="https://hr.wikisource.org/wiki/pt:Folhas_Ca%C3%ADdas" class="extiw" title="s:pt:Folhas Caídas">Folhas Caídas</a></i> (1853). Ovaj istinski osobni stil kasnog romantizma zadržat će se do početka <a href="/wiki/20._stolje%C4%87e" title="20. stoljeće">20. stoljeća</a>, osobito kroz djela <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexandre_Herculano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexandre Herculano (stranica ne postoji)">Alexandrea Herculanoa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ces%C3%A1rio_Verde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cesário Verde (stranica ne postoji)">Cesária Verdea</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ant%C3%B3nio_Nobre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="António Nobre (stranica ne postoji)">Antónia Nobrea</a>. Rana ekspresija portugalskog romantizma može se naći već kod <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Maria_Barbosa_du_Bocage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage (stranica ne postoji)">Manuela Marie Barbose du Bocagea</a>, pogotovo u njegovim sonetima iz kraja <a href="/wiki/18._stolje%C4%87e" title="18. stoljeće">18. stoljeća</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Južna_Amerika"><span id="Ju.C5.BEna_Amerika"></span>Južna Amerika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Uredi odlomak: Južna Amerika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=16" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Južna Amerika"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Na južnoamerički romantizam najviše je utjecao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esteban_Echeverr%C3%ADa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esteban Echeverría (stranica ne postoji)">Esteban Echeverría</a>, čije je najplodnije razdoblje bilo 1830-ih i 1840-ih. Njegova djela obilježena su mržnjom prema argentinskom diktatoru <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Manuel_de_Rosas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Manuel de Rosas (stranica ne postoji)">Juanu Manuelu de Rosasu</a> i prepuna tema krvi i užasa. Echeverría je u opisu nasilja Rosasove diktature koristio metaforu klaonice. </p><p>Brazilski romantizam dijeli se na tri različita razdoblja. Prvo razdoblje uglavnom se usredotočilo na izgradnju osjećaja nacionalnog jedinstva, te je koristio ideal herojskog Indijanca. Neki primjeri ovog razdoblja su "<i>Iracema</i>" i "<i>O Guarani</i>" <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_de_Alencar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José de Alencar (stranica ne postoji)">Joséa de Alencara</a>, i zbirka pjesama "Pjesme prognanstva" (<i>Canção do Exílio</i>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gon%C3%A7alves_Dias&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gonçalves Dias (stranica ne postoji)">Gonçalvesa Diasa</a>. Drugo se razdoblje ponekad naziva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ultraromantizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ultraromantizam (stranica ne postoji)">ultraromantizam</a> i karakterizira ga jak utjecaj europskih tema i tradicija, kao što su <a href="/wiki/Melankolija" title="Melankolija">melankolija</a>, tuga i očajanje za neuzvraćenom ljubavlju. Goethe i Lord Byron često se citiraju u tim djelima. Treće razdoblje karakterizira socijalno pjesništvo, pogotovo abolicionistički pokret, a najznačajniji predstavnik ovog razdoblja je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castro_Alves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castro Alves (stranica ne postoji)">Castro Alves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sjeverna_Amerika">Sjeverna Amerika</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Uredi odlomak: Sjeverna Amerika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=17" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Sjeverna Amerika"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Cole_Thomas_The_Course_of_Empire_The_Savage_State_1836.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Cole_Thomas_The_Course_of_Empire_The_Savage_State_1836.jpg/300px-Cole_Thomas_The_Course_of_Empire_The_Savage_State_1836.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Cole_Thomas_The_Course_of_Empire_The_Savage_State_1836.jpg/450px-Cole_Thomas_The_Course_of_Empire_The_Savage_State_1836.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Cole_Thomas_The_Course_of_Empire_The_Savage_State_1836.jpg/600px-Cole_Thomas_The_Course_of_Empire_The_Savage_State_1836.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8880" data-file-height="5520" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Cole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Cole (stranica ne postoji)">Thomas Cole</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prokletstvo_carstva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prokletstvo carstva (stranica ne postoji)">Prokletstvo carstva</a>: divljaštvo</i> (1 od 5), 1836.</figcaption></figure> <p>Romantično pjesništvo u <a href="/wiki/SAD" class="mw-redirect" title="SAD">Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama</a> započinje objavljivanjem pjesama "<i>To a Waterfowl</i>" američkog pjesnika <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Cullen_Bryant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Cullen Bryant (stranica ne postoji)">Williama Cullena Bryanta</a>. Preteča američke romantične <a href="/wiki/Goti%C4%8Dka_fikcija" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotička fikcija">gotičke literature</a> bili su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Irving&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Washington Irving (stranica ne postoji)">Washington Irving</a> s kratkim pričama "Legenda o sanjivoj dolini" (<i>The Legend of Sleepy Hollow</i>) iz <a href="/wiki/1820." title="1820.">1820.</a> i <i>Rip Van Winkle</i> iz <a href="/wiki/1819." title="1819.">1819.</a> Godine <a href="/wiki/1823." title="1823.">1823.</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Fenimore_Cooper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Fenimore Cooper (stranica ne postoji)">James Fenimore Cooper</a> objavljuje zbirku od pet priča "Priče o kožnoj čarapi" (<i>Leatherstocking Tales</i>) dajući naglasak na herojsku jednostavnost i žive opise pejzaža mitiziranog američkog zapada kojeg obitavaju "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Plemeniti_divljak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plemeniti divljak (stranica ne postoji)">plemeniti divljaci</a>", slični <a href="/wiki/Rousseau" class="mw-redirect" title="Rousseau">Rousseauovoj</a> filozofskoj teoriji, personaliziranoj u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uncas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uncas (stranica ne postoji)">Uncasu</a>, liku iz povijesnog romana "Posljednji Mohikanac" (<i>The Last of the Mohicans</i>). Mračno pjesništvo <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgara Allana Poea</a> karakterizirano pisanjem <a href="/wiki/Balada" title="Balada">balada</a> imalo je veći utjecaj u Francuskoj nego u domovini. Američki romantični roman doseže vrhunac <a href="/wiki/1850." title="1850.">1850.</a> objavljivanjem romana "Grimizno slovo" (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Scarlet_Letter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Scarlet Letter (stranica ne postoji)">The Scarlet Letter</a></i>) <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniela Hawthornea</a>. Kod kasnijih <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalizam" title="Transcendentalizam">transcendentalističkih</a> pisaca kao <a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henryja Davida Thoreaua</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralpha Walda Emersona</a> još se uvijek nazire utjecaj romantizma, kao i u romantičnom realizmu <a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walta Whitmana</a>. Pjesme <a href="/wiki/Emily_Dickinson" title="Emily Dickinson">Emily Dickinson</a>, koje gotovo nitko nije čitao za njenog života i <a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Melvilleov</a> roman <i><a href="/wiki/Moby-Dick" class="mw-redirect" title="Moby-Dick">Moby-Dick</a></i> mogli bi se uzeti kao sažetak američke romantične književnosti. Početkom <a href="/wiki/1880-ih" title="1880-ih">1880-ih</a>, međutim, psihološki i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialni_realizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialni realizam (stranica ne postoji)">socijalni realizam</a> počinje istiskivati romantizam kao stil pisanja romana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Utjecaj_europskog_romantizma_na_američke_pisce"><span id="Utjecaj_europskog_romantizma_na_ameri.C4.8Dke_pisce"></span>Utjecaj europskog romantizma na američke pisce</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Uredi odlomak: Utjecaj europskog romantizma na američke pisce" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=18" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Utjecaj europskog romantizma na američke pisce"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Europski pokret romantizma počinje vršiti utjecaj u Amerikama u ranom <a href="/wiki/19._stolje%C4%87e" title="19. stoljeće">19. stoljeću</a>. Američki romantizam bio je višeznačan i individualistički kao i onaj europski. Isto kao i europski romantičari i oni američki su pokazali visoku razinu moralnog entuzijazma, odanost individualizmu, naglasak na intuitivnoj percepciji i pretpostavku da je priroda inherentno dobra, a društvo ispunjeno pokvarenošću.<sup id="cite_ref-George_L_1997_p_613_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George_L_1997_p_613-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Romantizam postaje popularan u američkoj politici, filozofiji i umjetnosti. Pokret se poziva na američki revolucionarni duh, kao i nastojanje ka oslobođenju od stroge religijske tradicije ranih naseobina. Romantičari su odbacivali i racionalizam i religijsko učenje. Zalagali su se za otpor <a href="/wiki/Kalvinizam" title="Kalvinizam">kalvinizmu</a>, koji podrazumijeva vjerovanje da je sudbina svakog pojedinca već predodređena. Pokret romantizma bio je začetnik <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalizam" title="Transcendentalizam">transcendentalizmu</a> New Englanda, koji je opisivao manje restriktivni odnos između Boga i Svemira. Ova nova filozofija prikazuje individuu u osobnijem, intimnijem odnosu s Bogom. I transcendentalizam i romantizam Americi promicali su slične ideje, oba pokreta su davala prednost osjećajima ispred razuma, osobnu slobodu izražavanja nasuprot ograničenjima tradicije i običaja. To je često podrazumijevalo ushićeni odnos naspram prirode. Ohrabrivalo se i odbacivanje grubog, krutog kalvinizma s obećanjem novog procvata američke kulture.<sup id="cite_ref-George_L_1997_p_613_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-George_L_1997_p_613-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Američki romantizam prigrlio je individualizam i odbacivao je ograničenja, kako <a href="/wiki/Neoklasicizam" title="Neoklasicizam">neoklasicizma</a> tako i religijske tradicije. Romantični pokret u Americi stvorio je novi književni žanr koji i danas ima utjecaj na američke pisce. <a href="/wiki/Roman" title="Roman">Romani</a>, kratke priče, i pjesme zamijenili su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propovijed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propovijed (stranica ne postoji)">propovijedi</a> i spise davnih vremena. Književnost romantizma bila je osobna, intenzivna i opisivala je emocije više od bilo kojeg djela neoklasične književnosti. Američka obuzetost slobodom postaje veliki izvor motivacije za romantične pisce i mnogi su bili oduševljeni slobodnim izražavanjem emocija bez velikog straha od ismijavanja i polemika. Davali su također veliki naglasak na psihološku karakterizaciju likova, a glavni lik najčešće pokazuje krajnju osjećajnost i uzbuđenost.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Djela romantizma razlikuju se od prethodnih djela zato što se obraćaju široj publici, djelomično i zbog šire distribucije knjiga i njihove manje cijene.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Razdoblje romantizma je karakteristično po povećanom broju žena spisateljica i po značajnom povećanju ženske čitateljske publike. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romantizam_u_likovnoj_umjetnosti">Romantizam u likovnoj umjetnosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Uredi odlomak: Romantizam u likovnoj umjetnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=19" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Romantizam u likovnoj umjetnosti"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Slikarstvo_romantizma" title="Slikarstvo romantizma">Slikarstvo romantizma</a></div></i></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:The_Bard_(1774).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/The_Bard_%281774%29.jpeg/300px-The_Bard_%281774%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/The_Bard_%281774%29.jpeg/450px-The_Bard_%281774%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/The_Bard_%281774%29.jpeg/600px-The_Bard_%281774%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption><i>Bard</i>, ulje na platnu velškog slikara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Jones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Jones (stranica ne postoji)">Thomasa Jonesa</a> iz 1774., karakteristična kombinacija romantizma i nacionalizma.</figcaption></figure> <p>Romantizam u vizualnim umjetnostima najprije se manifestirao u <a href="/wiki/Pejza%C5%BE_(likovni)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pejzaž (likovni)">slikanju pejzaža</a>, kada su u ranim 1760-ima britanski umjetnici započeli sa slikanjem divljine i oluja, kao i <a href="/wiki/Gotika" title="Gotika">gotičke arhitekture</a>. <a href="/wiki/Caspar_David_Friedrich" title="Caspar David Friedrich">Caspar David Friedrich</a> i <a href="/wiki/William_Turner" title="William Turner">William Turner</a> rođeni su s godinom dana razlike <a href="/wiki/1774." title="1774.">1774.</a> i <a href="/wiki/1775." title="1775.">1775.</a> i doveli su njemačko i englesko slikarstvo pejzaža do svog ekstrema upravo u razdoblju romantizma, iako su se obojica obrazovali kada su prvi oblici romantizma već bili prisutni u likovnoj umjetnosti. <a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">John Constable</a>, rođen <a href="/wiki/1776." title="1776.">1776.</a>, bio je bliže engleskoj tradiciji slikanja pejzaža, ali njegove slike velikog formata, tzv. "šestostopaši" inzistirale su na herojskom statusu djela zavičaja u kojem je odrastao, što je bio izazov hijerarhiji kategorija koja je degradirala pejzažno slikarstvo na niži status. Turner je također slikao vrlo velike pejzaže, prije svega morske, kao i pejzaže sa sitnim figurama pretvarajući tako djelo u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijesno_slikarstvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijesno slikarstvo (stranica ne postoji)">povijesno slikarstvo</a> u maniri <a href="/wiki/Claude_Lorrain" title="Claude Lorrain">Claudea Lorraina</a>, slično kasnobaroknom umjetniku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Salvator_Rosa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salvator Rosa (stranica ne postoji)">Salvadoru Rosi</a> čiji su pejzaži sadržavali elemente koje su romantičari često koristili i ponavljali. Friedrich je pak mnogo koristio usamljene pojedinačne figure ili oblike kao npr. križeve postavljene unutar ogromnog pejzaža, "pretvarajući ih tako u sliku prolaznosti ljudskog života i predosjećanje smrti".<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Drugi su umjetnici u svojim djelima izražavali osjećaje koji su se priklanjali <a href="/wiki/Misticizam" title="Misticizam">mistici</a>, mnogi od njih su tako napuštali klasično crtanje i proporcije. Među takve spadaju <a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Palmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Palmer (stranica ne postoji)">Samuel Palmer</a>, drugi pripadnici romantičarskog umjetničkog pokreta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancients&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancients (stranica ne postoji)">Ancients</a> u Engleskoj i <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Otto_Runge" title="Philipp Otto Runge">Philipp Otto Runge</a> u Njemačkoj. Kao i Friedrich, nitko od ovih umjetnika nije imao značajniji utjecaj na slikarstvo <a href="/wiki/19._stolje%C4%87e" title="19. stoljeće">19. stoljeća</a> nakon njihove smrti. Tek je u <a href="/wiki/20._stolje%C4%87e" title="20. stoljeće">20. stoljeću</a> došlo do njihovog ponovnog otkrića, iako je Blake bio otprije poznat kao pjesnik. Vodeći norveški slikar tog doba <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johan_Christian_Dahl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johan Christian Dahl (stranica ne postoji)">Johan Christian Dahl</a> bio je pod jakim utjecajem Caspara Friedricha. Drugi romantičarski umjetnički pokret tzv. <a href="/wiki/Nazarenci" title="Nazarenci">nazarenci</a> smješten je u Rimu, a činili su ga njemački i austrijski slikari. Ovaj je pokret bio aktivan od <a href="/wiki/1810." title="1810.">1810.</a> i krenuo je drugačijim putem, dajući naglasak na medijevalizaciji povijesnog slikarstva s religioznim i nacionalističkim temama.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Anne-Louis_Girodet-Trioson_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Anne-Louis_Girodet-Trioson_001.jpg/220px-Anne-Louis_Girodet-Trioson_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Anne-Louis_Girodet-Trioson_001.jpg/330px-Anne-Louis_Girodet-Trioson_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Anne-Louis_Girodet-Trioson_001.jpg/440px-Anne-Louis_Girodet-Trioson_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="2107" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne-Louis_Girodet_de_Roussy-Trioson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson (stranica ne postoji)">Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ossian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ossian (stranica ne postoji)">Ossian</a> prima duhove francuskih heroja</i>, 1800. – 1802.</figcaption></figure> <p>Romantizam se u francuskoj umjetnosti pojavio sa zakašnjenjem zbog jakog utjecaja <a href="/wiki/Neoklasicizam" title="Neoklasicizam">neoklasicizma</a> na akademskoj razini, ali u <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">napoleonskom</a> razdoblju postaje sve više popularan, u početku u obliku povijesnog slikarstva podređenog propagandi novog režima. Među najranijim primjerima režimskog romantičnog slikarstva je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne-Louis_Girodet_de_Roussy-Trioson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne-Louis Girodet de Roussy-Trioson (stranica ne postoji)">Girodetovo</a> djelo <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ossian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ossian (stranica ne postoji)">Ossian</a> prima duhove francuskih heroja</i>, za Napaleonov dvorac <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Malmaison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Château de Malmaison (stranica ne postoji)">Château de Malmaison</a>. Girodetov stari učitelj <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis David</a> bio je zbunjen i razočaran smjerom svog učenika, te je izjavio: "Ili je Girodet lud, ili ja ne znam ništa o likovnoj umjetnosti".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nova generacija francuske škole,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> razvija vlastiti romantični stil, koji se uglavnom koncentrira na povijesno slikarstvo s političkom porukom. <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault" title="Théodore Géricault">Théodore Géricault</a> (1791. – 1824.) postigao je svoj prvi uspjeh sa slikom <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chasseur_u_juri%C5%A1u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chasseur u jurišu (stranica ne postoji)">Chasseur u jurišu</a></i>, herojskoj vojnoj figuri inspiriranoj <a href="/wiki/Rubens" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubens">Rubensom</a>, na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pari%C5%A1ki_Salon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pariški Salon (stranica ne postoji)">Pariškom Salonu</a> 1812., ali njegovo sljedeće bitno djelo, <i><a href="/wiki/Splav_Meduze" title="Splav Meduze">Splav Meduze</a></i> iz 1821., postaje najveće dostignuće romantičnog povijesnog slikarstva, s u ono vrijeme snažnom antivladinom porukom. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a> (1798. – 1863.) postiže svoj prvi uspjeh na Salonu s djelima <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Danteov_%C4%8Damac&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danteov čamac (stranica ne postoji)">Danteov čamac</a></i> (1822.), <i><a href="/wiki/Pokolj_na_Kh%C3%ADosu" title="Pokolj na Khíosu">Pokolj na Khiosu</a></i> (1824.) i <i><a href="/wiki/Sardanapalova_smrt" title="Sardanapalova smrt">Sardanapalova smrt</a></i> (1827.). Druga od gore navedenih slika iz <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki_rat_za_nezavisnost" class="mw-redirect" title="Grčki rat za nezavisnost">Grčkog rata za nezavisnost</a>, završena je iste godine Byronove smrti u istom ratu, a posljednja je inspirirana jednom od scena iz Byronovog djela. Uz <a href="/wiki/Shakespeare" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakespeare">Shakespearea</a>, Byron je bio inspiracija mnogih Delacroixovih djela. On je također dugo boravio u Sjevernoj Africi i naslikao mnoge scene arapskih ratnika jahača. Njegova slika <i><a href="/wiki/Sloboda_vodi_narod" title="Sloboda vodi narod">Sloboda vodi narod</a></i> (1830.) je zajedno s <i>Meduzom</i>, jedna od najpoznatijih djela francuskog slikarstva romantizma. Termin "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Povijesno_slikarstvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povijesno slikarstvo (stranica ne postoji)">povijesno slikarstvo</a>" koristi se još od talijanske <a href="/wiki/Renesansa" title="Renesansa">renesanse</a> općenito za slikanje velike skupine figura, u romantizmu uistinu postaje slikarstvo povijesnih scena, koje postaju dominantne u odnosu na one religijske i one s temom klasične mitologije.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Cavalier_gaulois_pont_d%27iena_RG_am_face.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cavalier_gaulois_pont_d%27iena_RG_am_face.jpg/230px-Cavalier_gaulois_pont_d%27iena_RG_am_face.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cavalier_gaulois_pont_d%27iena_RG_am_face.jpg/345px-Cavalier_gaulois_pont_d%27iena_RG_am_face.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cavalier_gaulois_pont_d%27iena_RG_am_face.jpg/460px-Cavalier_gaulois_pont_d%27iena_RG_am_face.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="3700" /></a><figcaption><i>Galski konjanik</i> francuskog kipara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoine-Augustin_Pr%C3%A9ault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoine-Augustin Préault (stranica ne postoji)">Antoinea-Augustina Préaulta</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pont_d%27I%C3%A9na&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pont d'Iéna (stranica ne postoji)">Pont d'Iéna</a>, Pariz</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Francisco Goya</a> je definiran kao "posljednji veliki slikar u čijoj su umjetnosti misao i promatranje uravnoteženi i kombinirani u oblikovanju besprijekornog jedinstva".<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Međutim, do koje se mjere Goya može definirati romantičarem je složeno pitanje. U Španjolskoj je naime još uvijek trajala borba za uvođenje vrijednosti <a href="/wiki/Prosvjetiteljstvo" title="Prosvjetiteljstvo">prosvjetiteljstva</a>, a Goya je bio jedan od njegovih pobornika. Demonska i antiracionalna čudovišta proizašla iz njegove mašte samo su površno nalik na one iz gotičkih fantazija u Sjevernoj Europi, a on je u mnogo čemu ostao privržen <a href="/wiki/Klasicizam" title="Klasicizam">klasicizmu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Realizam" class="mw-disambig" title="Realizam">realizmu</a> svog obrazovanja, te je s veseljem prigrlio realizam kraja <a href="/wiki/19._stolje%C4%87e" title="19. stoljeće">19. stoljeća</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On je, međutim, više od bilo kojeg drugog slikara svog doba, bio primjer romantičnih vrijednosti prikazivanja umjetnikovih osjećaja i osobnog svijeta imaginacije.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> S ostalim romantičnim slikarima dijelio je također i slobodnije rukovanje kistom, s naglaskom na neravninama stvorenima potezom kista i na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Impasto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Impasto (stranica ne postoji)">impastu</a>, što se u neoklasicizmu izbjegavalo u korist skromnijeg nanošenja boje. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kiparstvo" title="Kiparstvo">Kiparstvo</a> je u velikoj mjeri pružalo otpor utjecaju romantizma, djelomično iz tehničkih razloga, pošto se najcjenjeniji materijal tog doba, <a href="/wiki/Mramor" title="Mramor">mramor</a>, nije dao oblikovati u teatralne i otvorene geste. Vodeći europski kipari tog doba, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Canova" title="Antonio Canova">Antonio Canova</a> i <a href="/wiki/Bertel_Thorvaldsen" title="Bertel Thorvaldsen">Bertel Thorvaldsen</a>, radili su u <a href="/wiki/Rim" title="Rim">Rimu</a> i bili su uvjereni <a href="/wiki/Neoklasicizam" title="Neoklasicizam">neoklasičari</a>, nimalo voljni unijeti elemente srednjovjekovnog kiparstva, što bi mogao biti jedan od mogućih početaka romantične skulpture. Romantično kiparstvo razvilo se uglavnom u Francuskoj, dok je s izuzetkom nekolicine kipara primjerice <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Maison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rudolf Maison (stranica ne postoji)">Rudolfa Maisona</a> bilo gotovo nepostojeće u Njemačkoj.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Najpoznatiji kipar tog pokreta u Francuskoj bio je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Rude&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Rude (stranica ne postoji)">François Rude</a>, najviše poznat kao neformalni predvodnik grupe kipara iz <a href="/w/index.php?title=1830-ih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1830-ih (stranica ne postoji)">1830-ih</a> smještene u blizini <a href="/wiki/Slavoluk_pobjede" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavoluk pobjede">Slavoluka pobjede</a> u Parizu, <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_d%27Angers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David d'Angers (stranica ne postoji)">Davida d'Angersa</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_Pr%C3%A9ault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auguste Préault (stranica ne postoji)">Augustea Préaulta</a>. Préaultov brončani <a href="/wiki/Reljef_(umjetnost)" title="Reljef (umjetnost)">reljef</a> <i>Klanje</i> (<a href="/wiki/Francuski" class="mw-redirect" title="Francuski">fr.</a>: <i>La Tuerie</i>), koji prikazuje strahote ratova s naglašenom strašću, izazvao je takav skandal na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pari%C5%A1ki_Salon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pariški Salon (stranica ne postoji)">Pariškom Salonu</a> <a href="/wiki/1834." title="1834.">1834.</a> da je sam Préault bio otjeran iz ove godišnje izložbe sa zabranom izlaganja od čak dvadeset godina.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Najznačajniji romantični kipar u Italiji bio je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lorenzo_Bartolini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lorenzo Bartolini (stranica ne postoji)">Lorenzo Bartolini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:El_Tres_de_Mayo,_by_Francisco_de_Goya,_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Francisco Goya, Treći svibnja 1808., 1814."><img alt="Francisco Goya, Treći svibnja 1808., 1814." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg/160px-El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg/240px-El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg/320px-El_Tres_de_Mayo%2C_by_Francisco_de_Goya%2C_from_Prado_thin_black_margin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="29294" data-file-height="22626" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Francisco Goya</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tre%C4%87i_svibnja_1808." title="Treći svibnja 1808.">Treći svibnja 1808.</a>, 1814.</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Theodore_Gericault_Raft_of_the_Medusa-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Théodore Géricault, Splav Meduze, 1819."><img alt="Théodore Géricault, Splav Meduze, 1819." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Theodore_Gericault_Raft_of_the_Medusa-1.jpg/160px-Theodore_Gericault_Raft_of_the_Medusa-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Theodore_Gericault_Raft_of_the_Medusa-1.jpg/240px-Theodore_Gericault_Raft_of_the_Medusa-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Theodore_Gericault_Raft_of_the_Medusa-1.jpg/320px-Theodore_Gericault_Raft_of_the_Medusa-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="649" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault" title="Théodore Géricault">Théodore Géricault</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Splav_Meduze" title="Splav Meduze">Splav Meduze</a></i>, 1819.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eugène Delacroix, Sloboda vodi narod 1830."><img alt="Eugène Delacroix, Sloboda vodi narod 1830." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg/160px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg/240px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg/320px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3133" data-file-height="2480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sloboda_vodi_narod" title="Sloboda vodi narod">Sloboda vodi narod</a></i> 1830.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:The_Fighting_Temeraire,_JMW_Turner,_National_Gallery.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William Turner, ''Tegljenje odvažne Téméraire na rezalište'', 1839."><img alt="William Turner, ''Tegljenje odvažne Téméraire na rezalište'', 1839." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/The_Fighting_Temeraire%2C_JMW_Turner%2C_National_Gallery.jpg/160px-The_Fighting_Temeraire%2C_JMW_Turner%2C_National_Gallery.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/The_Fighting_Temeraire%2C_JMW_Turner%2C_National_Gallery.jpg/240px-The_Fighting_Temeraire%2C_JMW_Turner%2C_National_Gallery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/The_Fighting_Temeraire%2C_JMW_Turner%2C_National_Gallery.jpg/320px-The_Fighting_Temeraire%2C_JMW_Turner%2C_National_Gallery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5684" data-file-height="4223" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/William_Turner" title="William Turner">William Turner</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%27%27Tegljenje_odva%C5%BEne_T%C3%A9m%C3%A9raire_na_rezali%C5%A1te%27%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="''Tegljenje odvažne Téméraire na rezalište'' (stranica ne postoji)">''Tegljenje odvažne Téméraire na rezalište''</a>, 1839.</div> </li> </ul> <p>U Francuskoj se povijesno slikarstvo idealizirane srednjovjekovne i renesansne tematike naziva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stil_Troubadour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stil Troubadour (stranica ne postoji)"><i>stilom Troubadour</i></a>, pojam koji nema ekvivalenata u drugim državama, premda su se isti trendovi i tamo zbivali. Delacroix, <a href="/wiki/Ingres" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingres">Ingres</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Parkes_Bonington&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Parkes Bonington (stranica ne postoji)">Richard Parkes Bonington</a> svi su slikali u tom stilu, kao i manje poznati <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Henri_R%C3%A9voil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre-Henri Révoil (stranica ne postoji)">Pierre-Henri Révoil</a> (1776. – 1842.) i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fleury-Fran%C3%A7ois_Richard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fleury-François Richard (stranica ne postoji)">Fleury-François Richard</a> (1777. – 1852). Njihove su slike često malog formata, prikazuju intimne privatne ili anegdotske ili vrlo dramatične trenutke. Životi velikih umjetnika, kao primjerice <a href="/wiki/Rafael" title="Rafael">Raffaella</a> zabilježeni su s istim značajem kao životi vladara, a često su prikazivane i fikcijske figure. Fleury-Richardov <i>Valentina od Milana jadikuje za muževom smrću</i>, prikazana je na Pariškom Salonu što označava početak tog stila, koji je trajao do sredine 19. stoljeća, nakon čega je zamro pojavom akademskog povijesnog slikarstva umjetnika kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Delaroche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Delaroche (stranica ne postoji)">Paul Delaroche</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Hayez,_Fracesco_-_Crusaders_Thirsting_near_Jerusalem_-_1836-50.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hayez%2C_Fracesco_-_Crusaders_Thirsting_near_Jerusalem_-_1836-50.jpg/300px-Hayez%2C_Fracesco_-_Crusaders_Thirsting_near_Jerusalem_-_1836-50.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hayez%2C_Fracesco_-_Crusaders_Thirsting_near_Jerusalem_-_1836-50.jpg/450px-Hayez%2C_Fracesco_-_Crusaders_Thirsting_near_Jerusalem_-_1836-50.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Hayez%2C_Fracesco_-_Crusaders_Thirsting_near_Jerusalem_-_1836-50.jpg/600px-Hayez%2C_Fracesco_-_Crusaders_Thirsting_near_Jerusalem_-_1836-50.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1253" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Hayez" title="Francesco Hayez">Francesco Hayez</a>, <i>Žedni križari u blizini Jeruzalema</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Još jedan karakterističan trend romantizma bio je prikaz vrlo velikih apokaliptičnih povijesnih scena, gdje se kombiniraju ekstremni prirodni fenomeni ili Božji bijes s ljudskom katastrofom u pokušaju da se nadmaši <i>Splav Meduze</i>. Danas se često vuče analogija takvih likovnih djela s modernim prikazom katastrofe u holivudskim filmovima. Vodeći engleski slikar ovog stila bio je <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Martin (stranica ne postoji)">John Martin</a>. U njegovim su slikama ljudske figure prikazivane u vrlo malom formatu kako bi se istaknula njihova beznačajnost i nemoć u odnosu na potrese i oluje, u pokušaju spašavanja od biblijskih nesreća ili događaja u <a href="/wiki/Sudnji_dan" title="Sudnji dan">posljednjim danima</a>. Druga djela, uključujući i Delacroixovu <i><a href="/wiki/Sardanapalova_smrt" title="Sardanapalova smrt">Sardanapalovu smrt</a></i> prikazuju veće figure, inspirirana ranijim djelima, pogotovo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poussin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poussin (stranica ne postoji)">Poussina</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rubens" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubens">Rubensa</a>, ali s naglašenom emocionalnošću i specijalnim efektima. </p><p>Mnogi drugi slikari u ostalim dijelovima Europe prihvaćaju romantični stil: U Rusiji <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orest_Kiprenski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orest Kiprenski (stranica ne postoji)">Orest Kiprenski</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasilij_Tropinin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasilij Tropinin (stranica ne postoji)">Vasilij Tropinin</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ajvazovski" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Ajvazovski">Ivan Ajvazovski</a> koji se specijalizirao za prikaz morskih scena, te u Norveškoj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Gude&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Gude (stranica ne postoji)">Hans Gude</a> sa svojim poznatim prikazima <a href="/wiki/Fjord" title="Fjord">fjordova</a>. Vodeći umjetnik romantizma u Italiji bio je <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Hayez" title="Francesco Hayez">Francesco Hayez</a> (1791. – 1882.) koji je djelovao sredinom 19. stoljeća u <a href="/wiki/Milano" title="Milano">Milanu</a>. Njegova duga, plodna i vrlo uspješna karijera započela je u znaku <a href="/wiki/Neoklasicizam" title="Neoklasicizam">neoklasicizma</a>, potom je slijedilo dugo romantično razdoblje i na posljetku završava kao sentimentalni slikar mladih djevojaka. Za njegove romantične faze stvorio je mnoge povijesne prikaze u "trubadurskom" stilu, ali u vrlo velikom formatu, pod značajnim utjecajem <a href="/wiki/Gian_Battista_Tiepolo" class="mw-redirect" title="Gian Battista Tiepolo">Tiepola</a> i drugih <a href="/wiki/Barok" title="Barok">kasnobaroknih</a> talijanskih majstora. </p><p>Književni romantizam u <a href="/wiki/SAD" class="mw-redirect" title="SAD">SAD</a>-u imao je svoj ekvivalent u vizualnim umjetnostima, najviše u isticanju neukroćene američke prirode u <a href="/wiki/Pejza%C5%BE_(likovni)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pejzaž (likovni)">pejzažima</a> umjetničke škole <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0kola_rijeke_Hudson" title="Škola rijeke Hudson">Hudson River</a>. Slikari kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Cole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Cole (stranica ne postoji)">Thomas Cole</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Bierstadt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Bierstadt (stranica ne postoji)">Albert Bierstadt</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_Edwin_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederic Edwin Church (stranica ne postoji)">Frederic Edwin Church</a> i drugi često su prikazivali romantične teme u svojim djelima. Ponekad su slikali i drevne ruševine <a href="/wiki/Stari_svijet" title="Stari svijet">Starog svijeta</a>, kao primjerice Churchevo djelo <i>Izlazak Sunca u Siriji</i>. Ova su djela bila izraz gotskih osjećaja smrti i propadanja. Nastojali su također prikazati ideal romantizma o moćnoj prirodi koja će nadživjeti prolazne čovjekove tvorevine. Najčešće su nastojali raditi na način da se razlikuju od svojih europskih kolega tako što su oslikavali isključivo američke scene i pejzaže. Ovu ideju o američkom identitetu u svijetu umjetnosti nalazimo u pjesmi <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Cullen_Bryant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Cullen Bryant (stranica ne postoji)">W. C. Bryanta</a>, "Coleu, pjesniku, na polasku u Europu" (<a href="/wiki/Engleski" class="mw-redirect" title="Engleski">eng.</a>: <i>To Cole, the Painter, Departing for Europe</i>), u kojoj Bryant potiče Colea da upamti snažne scene koje se mogu vidjeti samo u Americi. </p><p>Neki su američki slikari promicali književnu ideju o “plemenitom divljaku” (kao npr. slika Alberta Bierstada <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Rocky_Mountains,_Lander%27s_Peak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak (stranica ne postoji)">The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak</a></i>) idealiziranim prikazivanjem života <a href="/wiki/Sjevernoameri%C4%8Dki_Indijanci" title="Sjevernoamerički Indijanci">Sjevernoameričkih Indijanaca</a> u harmoniji s prirodom. Djela Thomasa Colea teže ka <a href="/wiki/Alegorija" title="Alegorija">alegoriji</a>, vrlo otvoreno u seriji slika <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Put_%C5%BEivota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Put života (stranica ne postoji)">Put života</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Engleski" class="mw-redirect" title="Engleski">en.</a>: <i>The Voyage of Life</i>) naslikanih u ranim 1840-ima, koje prikazuju etape života usred strašne i ogromne prirode. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Thomas_Cole_-_The_Voyage_of_Life_Childhood,_1842_(National_Gallery_of_Art).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thomas Cole, Put života - djetinjstvo, jedna od četiri scene iz serije slika Put života, 1842."><img alt="Thomas Cole, Put života - djetinjstvo, jedna od četiri scene iz serije slika Put života, 1842." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Thomas_Cole_-_The_Voyage_of_Life_Childhood%2C_1842_%28National_Gallery_of_Art%29.jpg/160px-Thomas_Cole_-_The_Voyage_of_Life_Childhood%2C_1842_%28National_Gallery_of_Art%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Thomas_Cole_-_The_Voyage_of_Life_Childhood%2C_1842_%28National_Gallery_of_Art%29.jpg/240px-Thomas_Cole_-_The_Voyage_of_Life_Childhood%2C_1842_%28National_Gallery_of_Art%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Thomas_Cole_-_The_Voyage_of_Life_Childhood%2C_1842_%28National_Gallery_of_Art%29.jpg/320px-Thomas_Cole_-_The_Voyage_of_Life_Childhood%2C_1842_%28National_Gallery_of_Art%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5121" data-file-height="3459" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Cole&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Cole (stranica ne postoji)">Thomas Cole</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Put_%C5%BEivota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Put života (stranica ne postoji)">Put života - djetinjstvo</a></i>, jedna od četiri scene iz serije slika <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Put_%C5%BEivota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Put života (stranica ne postoji)">Put života</a></i>, 1842.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:William_Blake_-_Albion_Rose_-_from_A_Large_Book_of_Designs_1793-6.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William Blake, Albion, 1794. - 1795."><img alt="William Blake, Albion, 1794. - 1795." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/William_Blake_-_Albion_Rose_-_from_A_Large_Book_of_Designs_1793-6.jpg/118px-William_Blake_-_Albion_Rose_-_from_A_Large_Book_of_Designs_1793-6.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/William_Blake_-_Albion_Rose_-_from_A_Large_Book_of_Designs_1793-6.jpg/177px-William_Blake_-_Albion_Rose_-_from_A_Large_Book_of_Designs_1793-6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/William_Blake_-_Albion_Rose_-_from_A_Large_Book_of_Designs_1793-6.jpg/236px-William_Blake_-_Albion_Rose_-_from_A_Large_Book_of_Designs_1793-6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2452" data-file-height="3324" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Albion" title="Albion">Albion</a></i>, 1794. - 1795.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Le_poeme_de_lAme-14-Louis_Janmot-MBA_Lyon-IMG_0497.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Louis Janmot, iz serije "Pjesma duše", prije 1854."><img alt="Louis Janmot, iz serije "Pjesma duše", prije 1854." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Le_poeme_de_lAme-14-Louis_Janmot-MBA_Lyon-IMG_0497.jpg/160px-Le_poeme_de_lAme-14-Louis_Janmot-MBA_Lyon-IMG_0497.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Le_poeme_de_lAme-14-Louis_Janmot-MBA_Lyon-IMG_0497.jpg/240px-Le_poeme_de_lAme-14-Louis_Janmot-MBA_Lyon-IMG_0497.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Le_poeme_de_lAme-14-Louis_Janmot-MBA_Lyon-IMG_0497.jpg/320px-Le_poeme_de_lAme-14-Louis_Janmot-MBA_Lyon-IMG_0497.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4438" data-file-height="3398" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Janmot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Janmot (stranica ne postoji)">Louis Janmot</a>, iz serije "Pjesma duše", prije 1854.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Thomas_Cole_-_The_Voyage_of_Life_Old_Age,_1842_(National_Gallery_of_Art).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thomas Cole, 1842., Put života - starost"><img alt="Thomas Cole, 1842., Put života - starost" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Thomas_Cole_-_The_Voyage_of_Life_Old_Age%2C_1842_%28National_Gallery_of_Art%29.jpg/160px-Thomas_Cole_-_The_Voyage_of_Life_Old_Age%2C_1842_%28National_Gallery_of_Art%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Thomas_Cole_-_The_Voyage_of_Life_Old_Age%2C_1842_%28National_Gallery_of_Art%29.jpg/240px-Thomas_Cole_-_The_Voyage_of_Life_Old_Age%2C_1842_%28National_Gallery_of_Art%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Thomas_Cole_-_The_Voyage_of_Life_Old_Age%2C_1842_%28National_Gallery_of_Art%29.jpg/320px-Thomas_Cole_-_The_Voyage_of_Life_Old_Age%2C_1842_%28National_Gallery_of_Art%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5100" data-file-height="3431" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Thomas Cole, 1842., <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Put_%C5%BEivota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Put života (stranica ne postoji)">Put života - starost</a></i></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romantizam_u_arhitekturi">Romantizam u arhitekturi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Uredi odlomak: Romantizam u arhitekturi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=20" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Romantizam u arhitekturi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Neuschwanstein_Castle_LOC_print.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Neuschwanstein_Castle_LOC_print.jpg/200px-Neuschwanstein_Castle_LOC_print.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Neuschwanstein_Castle_LOC_print.jpg/300px-Neuschwanstein_Castle_LOC_print.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Neuschwanstein_Castle_LOC_print.jpg/400px-Neuschwanstein_Castle_LOC_print.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3511" data-file-height="2490" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Jank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Jank (stranica ne postoji)">Christian Jank</a>, Eduard Riedel i Georg Dollmann, <i>Dvorac <a href="/wiki/Neuschwanstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuschwanstein">Neuschwanstein</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/1886." title="1886.">1886.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bavarska" title="Bavarska">Bavarska</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/wiki/Historicizam" title="Historicizam">historicizam</a></div></i></div> <p>U Engleskoj, koja nije imala bogatu <a href="/wiki/Antika" title="Antika">antičku</a> i <a href="/wiki/Renesansa" title="Renesansa">renesansnu</a> tradiciju, javila se težnja za obnovom <a href="/wiki/Gotika" title="Gotika">gotike</a> kao zaboravljenog srednjovjekovnog stila koji je imao originalne engleske inačice. Najznačajniji primjer takve arhitekture je zgrada <i><a href="/wiki/Londonski_parlament" class="mw-redirect" title="Londonski parlament">Parlamenta u Londonu</a></i> arhitekata <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_Charles_Barry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir Charles Barry (stranica ne postoji)">sir Charlesa Barrya</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Welby_Pugin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welby Pugin (stranica ne postoji)">Welbya Pugina</a> koji je otpočet <a href="/wiki/1836." title="1836.">1836.</a> g. Kasnije se u Francuskoj javila želja za obnovom <a href="/wiki/Barok" title="Barok">barokne</a> dramatike i raskoši u arhitekturi. Najskladnije djelo neobarokne arhitekture je zgrada <i><a href="/wiki/Opera_Garnier" title="Opera Garnier">Opere u Parizu</a></i> (1861. – 1874.) arhitekta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Garnier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Garnier (stranica ne postoji)">Charlesa Garniera</a>. </p><p>No, najočitije djelo romantičarske arhitekture je dvorac <i><a href="/wiki/Neuschwanstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuschwanstein">Neuschwanstein</a></i>, rezidencija za odmor <a href="/wiki/Bavarija" class="mw-redirect" title="Bavarija">Bavarskog</a> kralja <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_II._Bavarski" title="Ludvig II. Bavarski">Ludovika</a> koji je bio zaluđen <a href="/wiki/Srednji_vijek" title="Srednji vijek">srednjovjekovnim</a> <a href="/wiki/Bajka" title="Bajka">bajkovitim</a> <a href="/wiki/Dvorac" title="Dvorac">dvorcima</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romantizam_u_glazbi">Romantizam u glazbi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Uredi odlomak: Romantizam u glazbi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=21" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Romantizam u glazbi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glazba_romantizma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glazba romantizma (stranica ne postoji)">Glazba romantizma</a></div></i></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Beethoven.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Beethoven.jpg/220px-Beethoven.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Beethoven.jpg/330px-Beethoven.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Beethoven.jpg/440px-Beethoven.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1443" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a>, ulje na platnu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Karl_Stieler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Karl Stieler (stranica ne postoji)">Josepha Karla Stielera</a>, 1820.</figcaption></figure> <p>Romantizam u glazbi je uglavnom njemački fenomen, toliko da ga jedno ugledno referentno djelo definira u pojmovima "uloge glazbe u estetici njemačkog romantizma".<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Druga francuska enciklopedija tvrdi da se njemački temperament općenito "može opisati kao dubok utjecaj romantizma na njemačke glazbenike" i da je jedini istinski predstavnik romantizma u francuskoj glazbi <a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Hector Berlioz</a>, dok je u Italiji jedino veliko ime romantizma <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a>, "neka vrsta opernog [Victora] Hugoa, obdarenog istinskim genijem za dramatične efekte". U svakom slučaju, velika popularnost njemačke romantične glazbe pokrenula je, "što zbog imitacije, što iz reakcije", često nacionalistički inspiriranu modu među poljskim, češkim, mađarskim, ruskim i skandinavskim glazbenicima, uspješnu više "iz neglazbenih svojstava nego zbog istinske umjetničke vrijednosti samih djela".<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:NiccoloPaganini.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/NiccoloPaganini.jpeg/220px-NiccoloPaganini.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/NiccoloPaganini.jpeg/330px-NiccoloPaganini.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/NiccoloPaganini.jpeg/440px-NiccoloPaganini.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="855" data-file-height="1105" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jean_Auguste_Dominique_Ingres" title="Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres">Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres</a>, <i>Portret <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini" title="Niccolò Paganini">Niccolòa Paganinija</a></i>, 1819.</figcaption></figure> <p>Premda pojam "romantizam" kad se odnosi na glazbu podrazumijeva razdoblje od <a href="/w/index.php?title=1800-ih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1800-ih (stranica ne postoji)">1800-ih</a> do <a href="/w/index.php?title=1850-ih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1850-ih (stranica ne postoji)">1850-ih</a>, drugdje do <a href="/wiki/1900-ih" title="1900-ih">1900-ih</a>, suvremeno korištenje "romantičnog" na glazbu ne podudara se s izvornim značenjem. Jedno od najranijih korištenja ovog pojma u glazbi nalazimo <a href="/wiki/1789." title="1789.">1789.</a> u djelu <i>Mémoires</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Gr%C3%A9try&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Grétry (stranica ne postoji)">Andréa Grétrya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ovo je korištenje pojma od posebnog interesa jer je to francuski pisani izvor o pojavi u kojoj su dominirali Nijemci, ali i zato što eksplicitno priznaje utjecaj <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jeana-Jacquesa Rousseaua</a> (on sam je između ostalog bio kompozitor) i time uspostavlja vezu s jednom od najutjecajnijih ličnosti na pokret romantizma općenito.<sup id="cite_ref-Samson_2001_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samson_2001-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Godine 1810. <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Theodor_Amadeus_Hoffmann" title="Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann">Ernst Hoffmann</a> je imenovao <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Mozarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Haydn" title="Joseph Haydn">Haydna</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethovena</a> "trojicom majstora instrumentalne skladbe" koji "udišu jedan i isti romantični duh". On opravdava ovaj nazor na temelju dubine ekspresije ovih kompozitora i njihove markantne individualnosti. Prema Hoffmanovom mišljenju, u Haydnovoj muzici, prevladava "dječačko, spokojno raspoloženje", dok nas Mozart (npr. u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Simfonija_br._39_(Mozart)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simfonija br. 39 (Mozart) (stranica ne postoji)">Simfoniji br. 39</a>) "vodi u dubinu duhovnog svijeta", s elementima straha, ljubavi i tuge, "s predosjećajem beskonačnog… u vječnom plesu sfera". <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Beethovenova</a> glazba, s druge strane, zrači osjećajem "čudovišnog i nemjerljivog" s boli beskrajne čežnje koja "gori u našim prsima u potpuno koherentnom suglasju svih strasti".<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ovo uzdizanje u vrednovanju čistih emocija rezultirala je uzdizanju glazbe iz podređene pozicije u odnosu na pisanu i vizualnu umjetnost u kojoj se nalazila u <a href="/wiki/Prosvjetiteljstvo" title="Prosvjetiteljstvo">prosvjetiteljstvu</a>. Budući da se glazba smatrala slobodnom od ograničenja razuma, likova, i bilo kojeg drugog određenog koncepta, mnogi su je autori, kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Heinrich_Wackenroder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Heinrich Wackenroder (stranica ne postoji)">Wackenroder</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Tieck</a> kasnije i <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling">Schelling</a> i <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Wagner</a>, smatrali nadmoćnom u odnosu na druge umjetnosti, onu koja najbolje može izraziti tajne svemira, evocirati svijet duha, beskonačnost i apsolut.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kronološko podudaranje glazbenog i književnog romantizma trajalo je do sredine <a href="/wiki/19._stolje%C4%87e" title="19. stoljeće">19. stoljeća</a>, sve dok <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a> nije ocrnio muziku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meyerbeer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meyerbeer (stranica ne postoji)">Meyerbeera</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Berlioza</a> kao "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoromantizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neoromantizam (stranica ne postoji)">neoromantičnu</a>": "Opera, na koju ćemo se sada vratiti, progutala je također i Berliozov neoromantizam kao punašnu ukusnu kamenicu, čija joj je probava dala novi svježi i bogat izgled".<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tek je krajem 19. stoljeća novonastala znanstvena disciplina <i>Musikwissenschaft</i> (<a href="/wiki/Muzikologija" title="Muzikologija">muzikologija</a>), predložila razlikovanje između klasičnog razdoblja u glazbi i onog romantičnog. Ključna figura ovog trenda bio je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guido_Adler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guido Adler (stranica ne postoji)">Guido Adler</a>, koji je smatrao Beethovena i <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Franza Schuberta</a> kao tranzicijske, ali esencijalno klasične kompozitore, dok je romantizam dosegao potpunu zrelost tek s postbetovenovskom generacijom kompozitora kao što su <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Frédéric Chopin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Robert Schumann</a>, Berlioz, i <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a>. Iz Adlerovog viđenja, vidljivih u knjigama kao <i>Der Stil in der Musik</i> (1911.), skladatelji <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nova_njema%C4%8Dka_%C5%A1kola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nova njemačka škola (stranica ne postoji)">Nove njemačke škole</a> i razni nacionalistički kompozitori kasnog 19. stoljeća nisu bili romantičari već "moderni" ili "realisti" (po analogiji iz područja slikarstva i književnosti) i takva podjela ostaje dominantna kroz prva desetljeća 20. stoljeća.<sup id="cite_ref-Samson_2001_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samson_2001-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U drugoj četvrtini <a href="/wiki/20._stolje%C4%87e" title="20. stoljeće">20. stoljeća</a>, svijest da je početkom 1900-ih došlo do radikalnih promjena u glazbenoj sintaksi izazvala je novi preokret u povijesnom gledištu, stoga se prijelaz u novo stoljeće gleda kao razdoblje odlučujućeg prekida s glazbenom prošlošću. To je pak dovelo povjesničare glazbe kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Einstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Einstein (stranica ne postoji)">Alfreda Einsteina</a><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> da produži "romantičnu eru" u glazbi kroz cijelo 19. stoljeće i prvo desetljeće 20. stoljeća. Ta je ideja ostala u nekim standardnim referentnim djelima kao <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Oxford_Companion_to_Music&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Oxford Companion to Music (stranica ne postoji)">The Oxford Companion to Music</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Jay_Grout&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Jay Grout (stranica ne postoji)">Groutova</a> <i>History of Western Music</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ali je doživjela i kritike. Ugledni njemački muzikolog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Blume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Blume (stranica ne postoji)">Friedrich Blume</a>, glavni urednik prvog izdanja <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Die_Musik_in_Geschichte_und_Gegenwart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart (stranica ne postoji)">Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart</a></i> (1949. – 1986.), prihvatio je raniju poziciju da <a href="/wiki/Klasicizam" title="Klasicizam">klasicizam</a> i romantizam zajedno predstavljaju jedinstveno razdoblje koji je počeo sredinom 18. stoljeća, ali istovremeno tvrdi da se to razdoblje nastavilo u 20. stoljeće, uključujući njegov razvoj između dva svjetska rata u obliku <a href="/wiki/Ekspresionizam" title="Ekspresionizam">ekspresionizma</a> i <a href="/wiki/Neoklasicizam" title="Neoklasicizam">neoklasicizma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ovo je stajalište prisutno i u nekim istaknutim suvremenim referentnim djelima kao što je <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Grove_Dictionary_of_Music_and_Musicians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (stranica ne postoji)">New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Samson_2001_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samson_2001-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i novo izdanje <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musik_in_Geschichte_und_Gegenwart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart (stranica ne postoji)">Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Barabas-liszt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Franz Liszt, 1847."><img alt="Franz Liszt, 1847." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Barabas-liszt.jpg/125px-Barabas-liszt.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Barabas-liszt.jpg/188px-Barabas-liszt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Barabas-liszt.jpg/251px-Barabas-liszt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="682" data-file-height="870" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a>, 1847.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Eug%C3%A8ne_Ferdinand_Victor_Delacroix_043.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eugène Delacroix, Portret Frédérica Chopina, 1838."><img alt="Eugène Delacroix, Portret Frédérica Chopina, 1838." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ferdinand_Victor_Delacroix_043.jpg/120px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Ferdinand_Victor_Delacroix_043.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ferdinand_Victor_Delacroix_043.jpg/179px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Ferdinand_Victor_Delacroix_043.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Eug%C3%A8ne_Ferdinand_Victor_Delacroix_043.jpg/239px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Ferdinand_Victor_Delacroix_043.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="3391" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a>, <i>Portret <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Frédérica Chopina</a>,</i> 1838.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Giuseppe_Verdi_by_Giovanni_Boldini.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Giovanni Boldini, Portret Giuseppea Verdija, 1886."><img alt="Giovanni Boldini, Portret Giuseppea Verdija, 1886." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Giuseppe_Verdi_by_Giovanni_Boldini.jpg/117px-Giuseppe_Verdi_by_Giovanni_Boldini.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Giuseppe_Verdi_by_Giovanni_Boldini.jpg/175px-Giuseppe_Verdi_by_Giovanni_Boldini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Giuseppe_Verdi_by_Giovanni_Boldini.jpg/233px-Giuseppe_Verdi_by_Giovanni_Boldini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1234" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Boldini" title="Giovanni Boldini">Giovanni Boldini</a>, <i>Portret <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppea Verdija</a></i>, 1886.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Robert_Schumann_1839.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Schumann, 1839."><img alt="Robert Schumann, 1839." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Robert_Schumann_1839.jpg/160px-Robert_Schumann_1839.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Robert_Schumann_1839.jpg/240px-Robert_Schumann_1839.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Robert_Schumann_1839.jpg/320px-Robert_Schumann_1839.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3100" data-file-height="3100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Robert Schumann</a>, 1839.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Hector_Berlioz.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hector Berlioz, 1850."><img alt="Hector Berlioz, 1850." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Hector_Berlioz.jpg/125px-Hector_Berlioz.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Hector_Berlioz.jpg/188px-Hector_Berlioz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Hector_Berlioz.jpg/251px-Hector_Berlioz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Hector Berlioz</a>, 1850.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Richardwagner1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Richard Wagner, c. 1870-ih"><img alt="Richard Wagner, c. 1870-ih" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Richardwagner1.jpg/138px-Richardwagner1.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Richardwagner1.jpg/207px-Richardwagner1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Richardwagner1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="301" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>, c. 1870-ih</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Giacomo_Meyerbeer_nuorempana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Giacomo Meyerbeer, 1847."><img alt="Giacomo Meyerbeer, 1847." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Giacomo_Meyerbeer_nuorempana.jpg/134px-Giacomo_Meyerbeer_nuorempana.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Giacomo_Meyerbeer_nuorempana.jpg/201px-Giacomo_Meyerbeer_nuorempana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/Giacomo_Meyerbeer_nuorempana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="235" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Meyerbeer" title="Giacomo Meyerbeer">Giacomo Meyerbeer</a>, 1847.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Mendelssohn_Bartholdy.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Felix Mendelssohn, 1839."><img alt="Felix Mendelssohn, 1839." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Mendelssohn_Bartholdy.jpg/112px-Mendelssohn_Bartholdy.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Mendelssohn_Bartholdy.jpg/168px-Mendelssohn_Bartholdy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Mendelssohn_Bartholdy.jpg/224px-Mendelssohn_Bartholdy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a>, 1839.</div> </li> </ul> <p>Prema suvremenoj glazbenoj kulturi, romantični glazbenik slijedio je senzibilitet publike srednje klase umjesto dvorskog patrona, kao što je bio slučaj s ranijim glazbenicima i skladateljima. Javnu ličnost tog doba karakterizirala je nova generacija virtuoza koja je postala poznata po svojim solo nastupima, što je utjelovljeno u koncertnim turnejama <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini" title="Niccolò Paganini">Paganinija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Liszt" class="mw-redirect" title="Liszt">Liszta</a>. Dirigent počinje biti značajna figura, o čijem je umijeću ovisila interpretacija sve složenijih glazbenih djela.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romantizam_izvan_umjetnosti">Romantizam izvan umjetnosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Uredi odlomak: Romantizam izvan umjetnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=22" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Romantizam izvan umjetnosti"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Gallen_Kallela_The_Forging_of_the_Sampo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Gallen_Kallela_The_Forging_of_the_Sampo.jpg/220px-Gallen_Kallela_The_Forging_of_the_Sampo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Gallen_Kallela_The_Forging_of_the_Sampo.jpg/330px-Gallen_Kallela_The_Forging_of_the_Sampo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Gallen_Kallela_The_Forging_of_the_Sampo.jpg/440px-Gallen_Kallela_The_Forging_of_the_Sampo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1506" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Akseli_Gallen-Kallela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Akseli Gallen-Kallela (stranica ne postoji)">Akseli Gallen-Kallela</a>, "Kovanje Sampoa" (<i>The Forging of the Sampo),</i> 1893. Ovaj finski umjetnik tražio je inspiraciju u finskom "nacionalnom epu", <i><a href="/wiki/Kalevala" title="Kalevala">Kalevali</a></i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Znanost">Znanost</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Uredi odlomak: Znanost" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=23" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Znanost"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pokret romantizma je utjecao na mnoge aspekte intelektualnog života, stoga su romantizam i <a href="/wiki/Znanost" title="Znanost">znanost</a> bile u jakoj vezi, posebno u razdoblju od <a href="/wiki/1800." title="1800.">1800.</a> do <a href="/wiki/1840." title="1840.">1840.</a> Na mnoge znanstvenike su utjecale razne inačice djela <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naturphilosophie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naturphilosophie (stranica ne postoji)">Naturphilosophie</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Johanna Gottlieba Fichtea</a>, kao i djela <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_von_Schelling" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling">Schellinga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegela</a> i drugih. Bez da napuštaju <a href="/wiki/Empirizam" title="Empirizam">empirizam</a>, nastojali su svojim radom otkriti ono što su oni doživljavali kao jedinstvenu i organsku prirodu. Engleski znanstvenik Sir <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a>, istaknuti romantični mislilac, tvrdio je da razumijevanje prirode zahtjeva “stav divljenja, ljubavi i obožavanja, […] osobni doživljaj.”<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vjerovao je da je znanje dostupno samo onima koji iskreno cijene i poštuju <a href="/wiki/Priroda" title="Priroda">prirodu</a>. Samorazumijevanje je važan aspekt romantizma. Ono ima manje veze s čovjekovom sposobnošću razumijevanja prirode (kroz čisti razum) i stoga kontroliranja iste, a više veze s emotivnom privlačnošću povezivanja s prirodom i njenog razumijevanja kroz harmoničnu koegzistenciju.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historiografija">Historiografija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Uredi odlomak: Historiografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=24" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Historiografija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Romantizam je vrlo jako, neki će reći i štetno djelovao na <a href="/wiki/Historiografija" title="Historiografija">pisanje povijesti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Carlyle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Carlyle (stranica ne postoji)">Thomas Carlyle</a> bio je vrlo utjecajan engleski esejist koji je kasnije postao povjesničar. Osmislio je i objasnio pojam "obožavanja heroja",<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> izdašno je i nekritički hvalio jake vođe kao <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Olivera Cromwella</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fridrik_II._Veliki" title="Fridrik II. Veliki">Fridrika Velikog</a> i <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleona</a>. Romantični nacionalizam imao je u velikoj mjeri negativne efekte na pisanje povijesti <a href="/wiki/19._stolje%C4%87e" title="19. stoljeće">19. stoljeća</a>, pošto je svaka nacija imala tendenciju stvaranja vlastite inačice povijesti, a kritički stav, često i <a href="/wiki/Cinizam" title="Cinizam">cinizam</a>, ranijih povjesničara većinom je zamijenjen tendencijom stvaranja romantičnih priča s jasno određenim herojima i zlikovcima.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nacionalizam" title="Nacionalizam">Nacionalistička</a> ideologija ovog razdoblja davala je veliki naglasak na rasnoj koherenciji, drevnosti vlastitog naroda i imala je tendenciju veoma precijeniti kontinuitet između prošlih razdoblja i današnjice stvarajući tako nacionalne mitove. Povjesničari 20. stoljeća uložili su velike napore u suzbijanju tih romantičnih povijesnih mitova stvorenih u 19. stoljeću. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Teologija">Teologija</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Uredi odlomak: Teologija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=25" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Teologija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U pokušaju da odijele i zaštite <a href="/wiki/Teologija" class="mw-redirect" title="Teologija">teologiju</a> od znanstvenog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Redukcionizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Redukcionizam (stranica ne postoji)">redukcionizma</a>, njemački postprosvjetiteljski teolozi 19. stoljeća vođeni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Schleiermacher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Schleiermacher (stranica ne postoji)">Friedrichom Schleiermacherom</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albrecht_Ritschl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albrecht Ritschl (stranica ne postoji)">Albrechtom Ritschlom</a> krenuli su drugim smjerom. Primijenili su romantični pristup ukorjenjivanja religije u unutarnji svijet ljudskog duha, tako da čovječja osjećajnost i osjetljivost prema duhovnim pitanjima sadrži religiju.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Romantizam_i_nacionalizam">Romantizam i nacionalizam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Uredi odlomak: Romantizam i nacionalizam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=26" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Romantizam i nacionalizam"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="margin-left:0.3rem"><i><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7016135"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vista-xmag.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/18px-Vista-xmag.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/27px-Vista-xmag.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Vista-xmag.png/36px-Vista-xmag.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> Podrobniji članak o temi: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanti%C4%8Dni_nacionalizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romantični nacionalizam (stranica ne postoji)">Romantični nacionalizam</a></div></i></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Wappers_-_Episodes_from_September_Days_1830_on_the_Place_de_l%E2%80%99H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville_in_Brussels.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Wappers_-_Episodes_from_September_Days_1830_on_the_Place_de_l%E2%80%99H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville_in_Brussels.JPG/300px-Wappers_-_Episodes_from_September_Days_1830_on_the_Place_de_l%E2%80%99H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville_in_Brussels.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Wappers_-_Episodes_from_September_Days_1830_on_the_Place_de_l%E2%80%99H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville_in_Brussels.JPG/450px-Wappers_-_Episodes_from_September_Days_1830_on_the_Place_de_l%E2%80%99H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville_in_Brussels.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Wappers_-_Episodes_from_September_Days_1830_on_the_Place_de_l%E2%80%99H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville_in_Brussels.JPG/600px-Wappers_-_Episodes_from_September_Days_1830_on_the_Place_de_l%E2%80%99H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville_in_Brussels.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3348" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egide_Charles_Gustave_Wappers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egide Charles Gustave Wappers (stranica ne postoji)">Egide Charles Gustave Wappers</a>, <i>Epizoda iz Belgijske Revolucije 1830.,</i> Musée d'Art Ancien, <a href="/wiki/Bruxelles" title="Bruxelles">Bruxelles</a>, 1834., romantični prikaz zbivanja belgijskog slikara.</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Fra_Hardanger_Gude.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Fra_Hardanger_Gude.jpg/300px-Fra_Hardanger_Gude.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Fra_Hardanger_Gude.jpg/450px-Fra_Hardanger_Gude.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Fra_Hardanger_Gude.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Gude&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Gude (stranica ne postoji)">Hans Gude</a>, <i>Fra Hardanger,</i> 1847. Primjer norveškog romantičnog nacionalizma.</figcaption></figure> <p>Jedna od ključnih ideja i najtrajnije naslijeđe romantizma je ideja <a href="/wiki/Nacionalizam" title="Nacionalizam">nacionalizma</a>, koja je postala središnja tema romantične umjetnosti i političke filozofije tog doba. Od samih početaka ovog pokreta, fokusiranog na razvoj nacionalnih jezika i <a href="/wiki/Folklor" title="Folklor">folklora</a> i davanja značenja lokalnim običajima i tradicijama, do pokreta koji će nanovo iscrtati mapu Europe i dovesti do poziva na samoopredjeljenje nacija, nacionalizam je bio jedan od ključnih medija romantizma, njegove uloge, izražaja i misli. Jedna od najvažnijih funkcija pozivanja na <a href="/wiki/Srednji_vijek" title="Srednji vijek">srednji vijek</a> u to doba bila je ona nacionalistička, a popularno i epsko pjesništvo bili su njeni instrumenti. To je vidljivo u Njemačkoj i Irskoj, gdje se oživljavao fundamentalni germanski i keltski supstrat prisutan prije romanizacije i latinizacije, kao i u <a href="/wiki/Katalonija" title="Katalonija">Kataloniji</a> koja je oživljavala katalonstvo prije hispanizacije katoličkih svećenika u <a href="/wiki/15._stolje%C4%87e" title="15. stoljeće">15. stoljeću</a>, kad je aragonska kruna spojena s kastiljskim plemstvom. </p><p>Rani romantični nacionalizam bio je snažno inspiriran <a href="/wiki/Rousseau" class="mw-redirect" title="Rousseau">Rousseauom</a>, te idejama <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_von_Herder" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Gottfried von Herder">von Herdera</a> i njegovom tvrdnjom iz <a href="/wiki/1784." title="1784.">1784.</a> da geografija formira gospodarstvo ljudi i oblikuje njihove običaje i društvo. </p><p>Priroda nacionalizma se, međutim, dramatično mijenja nakon <a href="/wiki/Francuska_revolucija" title="Francuska revolucija">Francuske revolucije</a> s <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleonovim</a> dolaskom na vlast i reakcijama drugih nacija. Napoleonov nacionalizam i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Republikanstvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Republikanstvo (stranica ne postoji)">republikanstvo</a>, djelovali su u početku kao inspiracija pokretima u drugim nacijama: samoopredjeljenje i svijest o nacionalnom jedinstvu bile su navedene kao dva razloga zašto je Francuska sposobna pobijediti druge zemlje na bojnom polju. Ali nakon što je <a href="/wiki/Francuska_Prva_Republika" class="mw-redirect" title="Francuska Prva Republika">Francuska Prva Republika</a> postala <a href="/wiki/Prvo_Francusko_Carstvo" title="Prvo Francusko Carstvo">Prvo Francusko Carstvo</a>, Napoleon više nije inspiracija za nacionalizam, već nacionalizam postaje instrument borbe protiv njega. U <a href="/wiki/Prusija" class="mw-redirect" title="Prusija">Prusiji</a> je razvoj duhovne obnove kao sredstva za borbu protiv Napoleona, zagovarao između ostalih i <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Johann Gottlieb Fichte</a>, učenik <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Immanuela Kanta</a>. Riječ <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Volkstum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Volkstum (stranica ne postoji)">Volkstum</a></i>, ili nacionalnost, stvorena je na njemačkom jeziku kao dio otpora protiv tada osvajačkog cara. Fichte je izrazio jedinstvo jezika i nacije u svom obraćanju "njemačkoj naciji" 1806.: </p> <blockquote><p>Oni koji govore isti jezik združeni su jedni s drugim višestrukošću nevidljivih veza po samoj naravi, puno prije nego što ljudska umjetnost počinje; oni razumiju jedan drugog i imaju moć nastavljanja da se sve jasnije i jasnije sami razumiju; oni pripadaju zajedno i po naravi su jedno i čine neodvojivu cjelinu.... Tek kada se svaki narod, prepušten sebi, razvije i formira u skladu sa svojom osobitom kvalitetom i tek kada se u svakom narodu svaki pojedinac razvije u skladu s tom općom kvalitetom te u skladu sa svojom osobitom kvalitetom - tada i samo tada pojavit će se manifestacija božanstvenosti u svojem istinskom ogledalu kao što bi trebala biti.<sup id="cite_ref-Fichte_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fichte-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Ovaj nacionalistički nazor inspirirao je mnoge autore kao npr. <a href="/wiki/Bra%C4%87a_Grimm" title="Braća Grimm">braću Grimm</a> na prikupljanje narodnih priča, na oživljavanje starih epova kao nacionalnih i izmišljanje novih epova predstavljajući ih kao stare, kao primjerice <i><a href="/wiki/Kalevala" title="Kalevala">Kalevale</a></i> sastavljene od starih finskih priča i folklora ili <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ossian&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ossian (stranica ne postoji)">Ossiana</a></i> čije je predstavljeno antičko podrijetlo potpuno izmišljeno. Ideja da su bajke, osim ako su kontaminirane vanjskim književnim izvorima, ostale očuvane u izvornom obliku tisuće godina nije bila tipična samo za romantične nacionaliste, ali se odlično uklapala u njihov stav da te priče izražavaju iskonsku prirodu ljudi. Braća Grimm su npr. odbacili mnoge priče koje su sakupili zbog njihove sličnosti s pričama <a href="/wiki/Charles_Perrault" title="Charles Perrault">Charlesa Perraulta</a>, što je po njihovom mišljenju bio dokaz da nisu autentično njemačke.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Trnoru%C5%BEica" title="Trnoružica">Trnoružica</a></i> je preživjela u njihovoj zbirci samo zato što ih je priča o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brynhildr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brynhildr (stranica ne postoji)">Brynhildr</a> uvjerila da je figura uspavane princeze autentično njemačka. </p><p>Romantizam je igrao ključnu ulogu u nacionalnom buđenju mnogih srednjoeuropskih naroda koji nisu imali svoje nacionalne države, isto kao i u <a href="/wiki/Poljska" title="Poljska">Poljskoj</a>, koja je izgubila nezavisnost nakon što je ruska vojska za vrijeme <a href="/wiki/Nikola_I.,_ruski_car" title="Nikola I., ruski car">Nikole I</a> ugušila <a href="/w/index.php?title=Novembarski_ustanak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novembarski ustanak (stranica ne postoji)">Novembarski ustanak</a>. Oživljavanje i reinterpretacija drevnih mitova, običaja i tradicija od strane romantičnih pjesnika i slikara poticala je razlikovanje vlastitih kultura od kultura dominantnih nacija i kristaliziranje mitografije romantičnog nacionalizma. Domoljublje, nacionalizam, revolucija i oružana borba za neovisnost postale su također popularne teme u umjetnosti tog razdoblja. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galerija">Galerija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Uredi odlomak: Galerija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=27" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Galerija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Počeci romantizma u 18. stoljeću</dt></dl> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Shipwrec-vernet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joseph Vernet, 1759., Brodolom"><img alt="Joseph Vernet, 1759., Brodolom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Shipwrec-vernet.jpg/160px-Shipwrec-vernet.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Shipwrec-vernet.jpg/240px-Shipwrec-vernet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Shipwrec-vernet.jpg/320px-Shipwrec-vernet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="820" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Vernet" title="Joseph Vernet">Joseph Vernet</a>, 1759., <i>Brodolom</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Joseph_Wright_004.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joseph Wright, 1774., Špilja u večernjim satima, Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, Massachusetts"><img alt="Joseph Wright, 1774., Špilja u večernjim satima, Smith College Museum of Art, Northampton, Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Joseph_Wright_004.jpg/160px-Joseph_Wright_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Joseph_Wright_004.jpg/240px-Joseph_Wright_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Joseph_Wright_004.jpg/320px-Joseph_Wright_004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="705" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Wright_of_Derby&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Wright of Derby (stranica ne postoji)">Joseph Wright</a>, 1774., <i>Špilja u večernjim satima</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith_College&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smith College (stranica ne postoji)">Smith College Museum of Art</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton,_Massachusetts&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northampton, Massachusetts (stranica ne postoji)">Northampton, Massachusetts</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:John_Henry_Fuseli_-_The_Nightmare.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Henry Fuseli, 1781., Noćna mora, neoklasični umjetnik čije su teme često nagovještavale romantizam"><img alt="Henry Fuseli, 1781., Noćna mora, neoklasični umjetnik čije su teme često nagovještavale romantizam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/John_Henry_Fuseli_-_The_Nightmare.JPG/160px-John_Henry_Fuseli_-_The_Nightmare.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/John_Henry_Fuseli_-_The_Nightmare.JPG/240px-John_Henry_Fuseli_-_The_Nightmare.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/John_Henry_Fuseli_-_The_Nightmare.JPG/320px-John_Henry_Fuseli_-_The_Nightmare.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3013" data-file-height="2442" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Fuseli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Fuseli (stranica ne postoji)">Henry Fuseli</a>, 1781., <i>Noćna mora</i>, neoklasični umjetnik čije su teme često nagovještavale romantizam</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Philip James de Loutherbourg, Coalbrookdale noću, 1801., važno mjesto engleske industrijske revolucije"><img alt="Philip James de Loutherbourg, Coalbrookdale noću, 1801., važno mjesto engleske industrijske revolucije" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._002.jpg/160px-Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._002.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._002.jpg/240px-Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._002.jpg/320px-Philipp_Jakob_Loutherbourg_d._J._002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1309" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_James_de_Loutherbourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip James de Loutherbourg (stranica ne postoji)">Philip James de Loutherbourg</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coalbrookdale_no%C4%87u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coalbrookdale noću (stranica ne postoji)">Coalbrookdale noću</a></i>, 1801., važno mjesto engleske <a href="/wiki/Industrijska_revolucija" title="Industrijska revolucija">industrijske revolucije</a></div> </li> </ul> <dl><dt>Francusko romantično slikarstvo</dt></dl> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:An_Officer_of_the_Imperial_Horse_Guards_Charging.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Théodore Géricault, Chasseur u jurišu, oko 1812."><img alt="Théodore Géricault, Chasseur u jurišu, oko 1812." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/An_Officer_of_the_Imperial_Horse_Guards_Charging.jpg/122px-An_Officer_of_the_Imperial_Horse_Guards_Charging.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/An_Officer_of_the_Imperial_Horse_Guards_Charging.jpg/184px-An_Officer_of_the_Imperial_Horse_Guards_Charging.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/An_Officer_of_the_Imperial_Horse_Guards_Charging.jpg/245px-An_Officer_of_the_Imperial_Horse_Guards_Charging.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4435" data-file-height="5790" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault" title="Théodore Géricault">Théodore Géricault</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chasseur_u_juri%C5%A1u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chasseur u jurišu (stranica ne postoji)">Chasseur u jurišu</a></i>, oko 1812.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:IngresDeathOfDaVinci.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ingres, Smrt Leornarda da Vincija, 1818., jedan od njegovih djela u stilu Troubadour"><img alt="Ingres, Smrt Leornarda da Vincija, 1818., jedan od njegovih djela u stilu Troubadour" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/IngresDeathOfDaVinci.jpg/160px-IngresDeathOfDaVinci.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/IngresDeathOfDaVinci.jpg/240px-IngresDeathOfDaVinci.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/IngresDeathOfDaVinci.jpg/320px-IngresDeathOfDaVinci.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3020" data-file-height="2396" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ingres" class="mw-redirect" title="Ingres">Ingres</a>, <i>Smrt Leornarda da Vincija</i>, 1818., jedan od njegovih djela u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stil_Troubadour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stil Troubadour (stranica ne postoji)">stilu Troubadour</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Collision_of_Moorish_Horsemen_-_Walters_376.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eugène Delacroix, Sudar maurskih konjanika, 1843.–1844."><img alt="Eugène Delacroix, Sudar maurskih konjanika, 1843.–1844." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Collision_of_Moorish_Horsemen_-_Walters_376.jpg/160px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Collision_of_Moorish_Horsemen_-_Walters_376.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Collision_of_Moorish_Horsemen_-_Walters_376.jpg/240px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Collision_of_Moorish_Horsemen_-_Walters_376.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Collision_of_Moorish_Horsemen_-_Walters_376.jpg/320px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Collision_of_Moorish_Horsemen_-_Walters_376.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1432" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a>, <i>Sudar maurskih konjanika</i>, 1843.–1844.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_The_Bride_of_Abydos_-_WGA06224.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eugène Delacroix, Nevjesta iz Abidosa, prema Byronovoj poemi"><img alt="Eugène Delacroix, Nevjesta iz Abidosa, prema Byronovoj poemi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_The_Bride_of_Abydos_-_WGA06224.jpg/129px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_The_Bride_of_Abydos_-_WGA06224.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_The_Bride_of_Abydos_-_WGA06224.jpg/193px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_The_Bride_of_Abydos_-_WGA06224.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_The_Bride_of_Abydos_-_WGA06224.jpg/258px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_The_Bride_of_Abydos_-_WGA06224.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1117" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a>, <i>Nevjesta iz Abidosa</i>, prema Byronovoj poemi</div> </li> </ul> <dl><dt>Ostalo</dt></dl> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Waterfalls_at_Subiaco_Joseph_Anton_Koch.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Joseph Anton Koch, Slapovi u Subiacu 1812.–1813."><img alt="Joseph Anton Koch, Slapovi u Subiacu 1812.–1813." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Waterfalls_at_Subiaco_Joseph_Anton_Koch.jpeg/160px-Waterfalls_at_Subiaco_Joseph_Anton_Koch.jpeg" decoding="async" width="160" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Waterfalls_at_Subiaco_Joseph_Anton_Koch.jpeg/240px-Waterfalls_at_Subiaco_Joseph_Anton_Koch.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Waterfalls_at_Subiaco_Joseph_Anton_Koch.jpeg/320px-Waterfalls_at_Subiaco_Joseph_Anton_Koch.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="637" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Anton_Koch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Anton Koch (stranica ne postoji)">Joseph Anton Koch</a>, <i>Slapovi u Subiacu</i> 1812.–1813.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:James_Ward_-_Gordale_Scar_(A_View_of_Gordale,_in_the_Manor_of_East_Malham_in_Craven,_Yorkshire,_the_Property_of_Lord_Ribblesdale)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="James Ward, 1814.–1815., Gordale Scar"><img alt="James Ward, 1814.–1815., Gordale Scar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/James_Ward_-_Gordale_Scar_%28A_View_of_Gordale%2C_in_the_Manor_of_East_Malham_in_Craven%2C_Yorkshire%2C_the_Property_of_Lord_Ribblesdale%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/160px-James_Ward_-_Gordale_Scar_%28A_View_of_Gordale%2C_in_the_Manor_of_East_Malham_in_Craven%2C_Yorkshire%2C_the_Property_of_Lord_Ribblesdale%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/James_Ward_-_Gordale_Scar_%28A_View_of_Gordale%2C_in_the_Manor_of_East_Malham_in_Craven%2C_Yorkshire%2C_the_Property_of_Lord_Ribblesdale%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/240px-James_Ward_-_Gordale_Scar_%28A_View_of_Gordale%2C_in_the_Manor_of_East_Malham_in_Craven%2C_Yorkshire%2C_the_Property_of_Lord_Ribblesdale%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/James_Ward_-_Gordale_Scar_%28A_View_of_Gordale%2C_in_the_Manor_of_East_Malham_in_Craven%2C_Yorkshire%2C_the_Property_of_Lord_Ribblesdale%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/320px-James_Ward_-_Gordale_Scar_%28A_View_of_Gordale%2C_in_the_Manor_of_East_Malham_in_Craven%2C_Yorkshire%2C_the_Property_of_Lord_Ribblesdale%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2771" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Ward&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Ward (stranica ne postoji)">James Ward</a>, 1814.–1815., <i>Gordale Scar</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:John_Constable_The_Hay_Wain.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Constable, 1821., Kola sa sijenom, jedan od Constableovih velikih "šestostopaša""><img alt="John Constable, 1821., Kola sa sijenom, jedan od Constableovih velikih "šestostopaša"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/John_Constable_The_Hay_Wain.jpg/160px-John_Constable_The_Hay_Wain.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/John_Constable_The_Hay_Wain.jpg/240px-John_Constable_The_Hay_Wain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/John_Constable_The_Hay_Wain.jpg/320px-John_Constable_The_Hay_Wain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2547" data-file-height="1756" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">John Constable</a>, 1821., <i><a href="/wiki/Kola_sa_sijenom" title="Kola sa sijenom">Kola sa sijenom</a></i>, jedan od Constableovih velikih "šestostopaša"</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:J.C._Dahl_-_Eruption_of_the_Volcano_Vesuvius_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="J. C. Dahl, 1826., Erupcija Vezuva, jedan od najbližih Friedrichovih sljedbenika"><img alt="J. C. Dahl, 1826., Erupcija Vezuva, jedan od najbližih Friedrichovih sljedbenika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/J.C._Dahl_-_Eruption_of_the_Volcano_Vesuvius_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/160px-J.C._Dahl_-_Eruption_of_the_Volcano_Vesuvius_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/J.C._Dahl_-_Eruption_of_the_Volcano_Vesuvius_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/240px-J.C._Dahl_-_Eruption_of_the_Volcano_Vesuvius_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/J.C._Dahl_-_Eruption_of_the_Volcano_Vesuvius_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/320px-J.C._Dahl_-_Eruption_of_the_Volcano_Vesuvius_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4319" data-file-height="3026" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._C._Dahl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="J. C. Dahl (stranica ne postoji)">J. C. Dahl</a>, 1826., <i>Erupcija <a href="/wiki/Vezuv" title="Vezuv">Vezuva</a>,</i> jedan od najbližih Friedrichovih sljedbenika</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:The_Wood_of_the_Self-Murderers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William Blake, oko 1824. – 1827., Gaj samoubojica: Harpije i samoubojice, Muzej Tate"><img alt="William Blake, oko 1824. – 1827., Gaj samoubojica: Harpije i samoubojice, Muzej Tate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/The_Wood_of_the_Self-Murderers.jpg/160px-The_Wood_of_the_Self-Murderers.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/The_Wood_of_the_Self-Murderers.jpg/240px-The_Wood_of_the_Self-Murderers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/The_Wood_of_the_Self-Murderers.jpg/320px-The_Wood_of_the_Self-Murderers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1198" data-file-height="838" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a>, oko 1824. – 1827., <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaj_samoubojica:_Harpije_i_samoubojice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaj samoubojica: Harpije i samoubojice (stranica ne postoji)">Gaj samoubojica: Harpije i samoubojice</a></i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzej_Tate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzej Tate (stranica ne postoji)">Muzej Tate</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karl Brjulov, Zadnji dan Pompeja, 1833., Ermitaž, Sankt Peterburg, Rusija"><img alt="Karl Brjulov, Zadnji dan Pompeja, 1833., Ermitaž, Sankt Peterburg, Rusija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/160px-Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/240px-Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/320px-Karl_Brullov_-_The_Last_Day_of_Pompeii_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="30000" data-file-height="21059" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Brjulov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Brjulov (stranica ne postoji)">Karl Brjulov</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zadnji_dan_Pompeja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zadnji dan Pompeja (stranica ne postoji)">Zadnji dan Pompeja</a>, 1833., <a href="/wiki/Ermita%C5%BE" title="Ermitaž">Ermitaž</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Peterburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankt Peterburg">Sankt Peterburg</a>, Rusija</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Turner-The_Burning_of_the_Houses_of_Lords_and_Commons.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William Turner, Požar u Domu lordova i Domu komuna (1835.), Muzej umjetnosti u Philadelphiji"><img alt="William Turner, Požar u Domu lordova i Domu komuna (1835.), Muzej umjetnosti u Philadelphiji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Turner-The_Burning_of_the_Houses_of_Lords_and_Commons.jpg/160px-Turner-The_Burning_of_the_Houses_of_Lords_and_Commons.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Turner-The_Burning_of_the_Houses_of_Lords_and_Commons.jpg/240px-Turner-The_Burning_of_the_Houses_of_Lords_and_Commons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Turner-The_Burning_of_the_Houses_of_Lords_and_Commons.jpg/320px-Turner-The_Burning_of_the_Houses_of_Lords_and_Commons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1133" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/William_Turner" title="William Turner">William Turner</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Po%C5%BEar_u_Domu_lordova_i_Domu_komuna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Požar u Domu lordova i Domu komuna (stranica ne postoji)">Požar u Domu lordova i Domu komuna</a></i> (1835.), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Muzej_umjetnosti_u_Philadelphiji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muzej umjetnosti u Philadelphiji (stranica ne postoji)">Muzej umjetnosti u Philadelphiji</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Hans_Gude--Vinterettermiddag--1847.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hans Gude, Zimsko poslijepodne, 1847., Nacionalna galerija Norveške, Oslo"><img alt="Hans Gude, Zimsko poslijepodne, 1847., Nacionalna galerija Norveške, Oslo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hans_Gude--Vinterettermiddag--1847.jpg/160px-Hans_Gude--Vinterettermiddag--1847.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hans_Gude--Vinterettermiddag--1847.jpg/240px-Hans_Gude--Vinterettermiddag--1847.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hans_Gude--Vinterettermiddag--1847.jpg/320px-Hans_Gude--Vinterettermiddag--1847.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="899" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Gude&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Gude (stranica ne postoji)">Hans Gude</a>, <i>Zimsko poslijepodne</i>, 1847., <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalna_galerija_Norve%C5%A1ke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nacionalna galerija Norveške (stranica ne postoji)">Nacionalna galerija Norveške</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Hovhannes_Aivazovsky_-_The_Ninth_Wave_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ivan Ajvazovski, 1850., Deveti val, Ermitaž, Sankt Peterburg, Rusija"><img alt="Ivan Ajvazovski, 1850., Deveti val, Ermitaž, Sankt Peterburg, Rusija" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Hovhannes_Aivazovsky_-_The_Ninth_Wave_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/160px-Hovhannes_Aivazovsky_-_The_Ninth_Wave_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Hovhannes_Aivazovsky_-_The_Ninth_Wave_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/240px-Hovhannes_Aivazovsky_-_The_Ninth_Wave_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Hovhannes_Aivazovsky_-_The_Ninth_Wave_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/320px-Hovhannes_Aivazovsky_-_The_Ninth_Wave_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5090" data-file-height="3420" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ajvazovski" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Ajvazovski">Ivan Ajvazovski</a>, 1850., <i><a href="/wiki/Deveti_val" title="Deveti val">Deveti val</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Ermita%C5%BE" title="Ermitaž">Ermitaž</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Peterburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Sankt Peterburg">Sankt Peterburg</a>, Rusija</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:John_Martin_-_Sodom_and_Gomorrah.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="John Martin, 1852., Uništenje Sodome i Gomore, Laing Art Gallery"><img alt="John Martin, 1852., Uništenje Sodome i Gomore, Laing Art Gallery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/John_Martin_-_Sodom_and_Gomorrah.jpg/160px-John_Martin_-_Sodom_and_Gomorrah.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/John_Martin_-_Sodom_and_Gomorrah.jpg/240px-John_Martin_-_Sodom_and_Gomorrah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/John_Martin_-_Sodom_and_Gomorrah.jpg/320px-John_Martin_-_Sodom_and_Gomorrah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3597" data-file-height="2293" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Martin (stranica ne postoji)">John Martin</a>, 1852., <i>Uništenje Sodome i Gomore</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laing_Art_Gallery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Laing Art Gallery (stranica ne postoji)">Laing Art Gallery</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Twilight_in_the_Wilderness_by_Frederic_Edwin_Church_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Frederic Edwin Church, 1860., Sumrak u divljini, Cleveland Museum of Art"><img alt="Frederic Edwin Church, 1860., Sumrak u divljini, Cleveland Museum of Art" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Twilight_in_the_Wilderness_by_Frederic_Edwin_Church_%283%29.jpg/160px-Twilight_in_the_Wilderness_by_Frederic_Edwin_Church_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Twilight_in_the_Wilderness_by_Frederic_Edwin_Church_%283%29.jpg/240px-Twilight_in_the_Wilderness_by_Frederic_Edwin_Church_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Twilight_in_the_Wilderness_by_Frederic_Edwin_Church_%283%29.jpg/320px-Twilight_in_the_Wilderness_by_Frederic_Edwin_Church_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5000" data-file-height="3115" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_Edwin_Church&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederic Edwin Church (stranica ne postoji)">Frederic Edwin Church</a>, 1860., <i>Sumrak u divljini</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cleveland_Museum_of_Art&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cleveland Museum of Art (stranica ne postoji)">Cleveland Museum of Art</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Albert_Bierstadt_-_The_Rocky_Mountains,_Lander%27s_Peak.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Albert Bierstadt, 1863., The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak"><img alt="Albert Bierstadt, 1863., The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Albert_Bierstadt_-_The_Rocky_Mountains%2C_Lander%27s_Peak.jpg/160px-Albert_Bierstadt_-_The_Rocky_Mountains%2C_Lander%27s_Peak.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Albert_Bierstadt_-_The_Rocky_Mountains%2C_Lander%27s_Peak.jpg/240px-Albert_Bierstadt_-_The_Rocky_Mountains%2C_Lander%27s_Peak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Albert_Bierstadt_-_The_Rocky_Mountains%2C_Lander%27s_Peak.jpg/320px-Albert_Bierstadt_-_The_Rocky_Mountains%2C_Lander%27s_Peak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3789" data-file-height="2269" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Bierstadt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Bierstadt (stranica ne postoji)">Albert Bierstadt</a>, 1863., <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Rocky_Mountains,_Lander%27s_Peak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak (stranica ne postoji)">The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak</a></i></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Autori_romantizma">Autori romantizma</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Uredi odlomak: Autori romantizma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=28" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Autori romantizma"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6584756">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:28em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-narrow{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:21em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-narrowest{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:14em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col-narrow"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a></li> <li>Familija Brontë - <a href="/wiki/Emily_Bront%C3%AB" title="Emily Brontë">Emily Brontë</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Bront%C3%AB" title="Charlotte Brontë">Charlotte Brontë</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Bront%C3%AB" title="Anne Brontë">Anne Brontë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Robert Burns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gordon_Byron" title="George Gordon Byron">Lord Byron</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Carlyle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Carlyle (stranica ne postoji)">Thomas Carlyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas" class="mw-disambig" title="Alexandre Dumas">Alexandre Dumas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_Edgeworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria Edgeworth (stranica ne postoji)">Maria Edgeworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_Irving&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Washington Irving (stranica ne postoji)">Washington Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">John Keats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Melville" title="Herman Melville">Herman Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_Robinson_(poet)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary Robinson (poet) (stranica ne postoji)">Mary Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sand" title="George Sand">George Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">Mary Shelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Percy Bysshe Shelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mislioci_romantizma">Mislioci romantizma</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Uredi odlomak: Mislioci romantizma" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=29" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Mislioci romantizma"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6584756"><div class="div-col-narrow"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerald_Abraham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerald Abraham (stranica ne postoji)">Gerald Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._H._Abrams&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="M. H. Abrams (stranica ne postoji)">M. H. Abrams</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Ault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Ault (stranica ne postoji)">Donald Ault</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Barzun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Barzun (stranica ne postoji)">Jacques Barzun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Bent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Bent (stranica ne postoji)">Ian Bent</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Berlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaiah Berlin (stranica ne postoji)">Isaiah Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim_Blanning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tim Blanning (stranica ne postoji)">Tim Blanning</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Bloom (stranica ne postoji)">Harold Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Blume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Blume (stranica ne postoji)">Friedrich Blume</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Chandler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Chandler (stranica ne postoji)">James Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeffrey_N._Cox&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeffrey N. Cox (stranica ne postoji)">Jeffrey N. Cox</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Dahlhaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Dahlhaus (stranica ne postoji)">Carl Dahlhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northrop_Frye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northrop Frye (stranica ne postoji)">Northrop Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Kitson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Kitson (stranica ne postoji)">Peter Kitson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Lacoue-Labarthe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe (stranica ne postoji)">Philippe Lacoue-Labarthe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_de_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul de Man (stranica ne postoji)">Paul de Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_McGann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerome McGann (stranica ne postoji)">Jerome McGann</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne_K._Mellor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne K. Mellor (stranica ne postoji)">Anne K. Mellor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Luc_Nancy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Luc Nancy (stranica ne postoji)">Jean-Luc Nancy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon_Plantinga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon Plantinga (stranica ne postoji)">Leon Plantinga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Ricks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Ricks (stranica ne postoji)">Christopher Ricks</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Rosen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Rosen (stranica ne postoji)">Charles Rosen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Wellek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Wellek (stranica ne postoji)">René Wellek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_J._Wolfson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan J. Wolfson (stranica ne postoji)">Susan J. Wolfson</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vidi_još"><span id="Vidi_jo.C5.A1"></span>Vidi još</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=30" title="Uredi odlomak: Vidi još" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=30" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vidi još"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="" style="background-color: transparent; color:inherit; width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="33.33%" align="left" valign="top"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Povezani_pojmovi">Povezani pojmovi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=31" title="Uredi odlomak: Povezani pojmovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=31" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povezani pojmovi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nacionalizam" title="Nacionalizam">Nacionalizam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentimentalizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentimentalizam (stranica ne postoji)">Sentimentalizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendentalizam" title="Transcendentalizam">Transcendentalizam</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suprotni_pojmovi">Suprotni pojmovi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=32" title="Uredi odlomak: Suprotni pojmovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=32" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Suprotni pojmovi"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neoklasicizam" title="Neoklasicizam">Neoklasicizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozitivizam" title="Pozitivizam">Pozitivizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racionalizam" title="Racionalizam">Racionalizam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Realizam_(umetnost)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realizam (umetnost) (stranica ne postoji)">Realizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akademija" title="Akademija">Akademija</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosvjetiteljstvo" title="Prosvjetiteljstvo">Prosvjetiteljstvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utilitarizam" title="Utilitarizam">Utilitarizam</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td width="33.33%" align="left" valign="top"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Povezani_članci"><span id="Povezani_.C4.8Dlanci"></span>Povezani članci</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=33" title="Uredi odlomak: Povezani članci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=33" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povezani članci"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mra%C4%8Dni_romantizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mračni romantizam (stranica ne postoji)">Mračni romantizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklor" title="Folklor">Folklor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goti%C4%8Dka_fikcija" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotička fikcija">Gotička fikcija</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_romanti%C4%8Dara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis romantičara (stranica ne postoji)">Popis romantičara</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal_du_si%C3%A8cle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mal du siècle (stranica ne postoji)">Mal du siècle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neoromantizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neoromantizam (stranica ne postoji)">Neoromantizam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Postromantizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Postromantizam (stranica ne postoji)">Postromantizam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanti%C4%8Dni_heroj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romantični heroj (stranica ne postoji)">Romantični heroj</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanti%C4%8Dni_realizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romantični realizam (stranica ne postoji)">Romantični realizam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam_u_nauci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romantizam u nauci (stranica ne postoji)">Romantizam u nauci</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ultraromantizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ultraromantizam (stranica ne postoji)">Ultraromantizam</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td width="33.33%" align="left" valign="top"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Povezani_pokreti">Povezani pokreti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=34" title="Uredi odlomak: Povezani pokreti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=34" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povezani pokreti"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorfska_%C5%A1kola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Düsseldorfska škola (stranica ne postoji)">Düsseldorfska škola</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Njema%C4%8Dki_romantizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Njemački romantizam (stranica ne postoji)">Njemački romantizam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0kola_rijeke_Hudson" title="Škola rijeke Hudson">Škola rijeke Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Popis_umjetnika_%C5%A0kole_rijeke_Hudson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popis umjetnika Škole rijeke Hudson (stranica ne postoji)">Popis umjetnika Škole rijeke Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazarenci" title="Nazarenci">Nazarenci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prerafaeliti" title="Prerafaeliti">Prerafaeliti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturm_und_Drang" title="Sturm und Drang">Sturm und Drang</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norve%C5%A1ki_romanti%C4%8Dni_nacionalizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norveški romantični nacionalizam (stranica ne postoji)">Norveški romantični nacionalizam</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td> <td width="33.33%" align="left" valign="top"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=35" title="Uredi odlomak: Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=35" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6541845">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7012897">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"»""«"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica" class="citation web cs1">Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9083836"><span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>'Romanticism''. pristupljeno 30. siječnja 2008., izvor: Encyclopædia Britannica Online</a>. Britannica.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 24. kolovoza 2010.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27%26%2339%3BRomanticism%27%26%2339%3B.+pristupljeno+30.+sije%C4%8Dnja+2008.%2C+izvor%3A+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.pub=Britannica.com&rft.au=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9083836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ARomantizam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Casey-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Casey_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFCasey2008" class="citation web cs1">Casey, Christopher. 30. listopada 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090513053304/http://ww2.jhu.edu/foundations/?p=8"><span class="cs1-kern-left">"</span>Grecian Grandeurs and the Rude Wasting of Old Time": Britain, the Elgin Marbles, and Post-Revolutionary Hellenism</a>. <i>Foundations. Volume III, Number 1</i>. Inačica izvorne stranice arhivirana 13. svibnja 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 14. svibnja 2014.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foundations.+Volume+III%2C+Number+1&rft.atitle=%22Grecian+Grandeurs+and+the+Rude+Wasting+of+Old+Time%22%3A+Britain%2C+the+Elgin+Marbles%2C+and+Post-Revolutionary+Hellenism&rft.date=2008-10-30&rft.aulast=Casey&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fww2.jhu.edu%2Ffoundations%2F%3Fp%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ARomantizam" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: bot: nepoznat status originalnog URL-a (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_bot:_nepoznat_status_originalnog_URL-a" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: bot: nepoznat status originalnog URL-a">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">David Levin, <i>History as Romantic Art: Bancroft, Prescott, and Parkman</i> (1967.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerald Lee Gutek, <i>A history of the Western educational experience</i> (1987.), poglavlje 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ashton Nichols, "Roaring Alligators and Burning Tygers: Poetry and Science from William Bartram to Charles Darwin," <i>Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society</i> 2005. 149(3): str. 304. – 315.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Núria Perpinyà, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.logos-verlag.de/cgi-bin/buch/isbn/3794">Ruins, Nostalgia and Ugliness. Five Romantic perceptions of Middle Ages and a spoon of Game of Thrones and Avant-garde oddity</a>. Berlin: Logos Verlag. 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"'osobita stvar,' nastavlja Bazarov, 'ovi smiješni stari romantičari! Dovedu svoj nervni sistem u stanje uzrujanosti i tada je, naravno, njihova ravnoteža rastrojena.'" (<a href="/wiki/Ivan_Turgenjev" title="Ivan Turgenjev">Ivan Turgenjev</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=O%C4%8Devi_i_sinovi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Očevi i sinovi (stranica ne postoji)">Očevi i sinovi</a></i>, poglavlje 4 [1862.])</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Novotny, 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Iz uvoda 2. izdanja <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyrical_Ballads&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyrical Ballads (stranica ne postoji)">Lyrical Ballads</a></i> citat Day, 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Day, 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ruthven01p40-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ruthven01p40_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ruthven (2001) str.40. citat: "Ideologija romantizma je literarno autorstvo, koje shvaća literarno djelo kao autonomni objekt kojeg je stvorio individualac genije."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spearing87-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Spearing87_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Spearing (1987) citat: "Može nam se činiti začuđujućim, pošto živimo nakon što je romantizam transformirao stare ideje o književnosti, da se u srednjem vijeku autoritet cijenio više od originalnosti."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eco94-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Eco94_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eco (1994.) str. 95. citat: <div style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left:3%; padding-right:3%; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); text-align: left; font-size:95%"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/15px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/30px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> »Veći dio umjetnosti je bio i je repetitivan. Koncept apsolutne originalnosti je suvremen, rođen za vrijeme romantizma; klasična umjetnost je u velikoj mjeri serijska, a "moderna" avangarda (iz početka ovog vijeka) izazvala je ideju romantizma o "kreaciji iz ničega", tehnikama kolaža, brkovima na Mona Lisi, umjetnosti radi umjetnosti i tako dalje.«</div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Waterhouse (1926), throughout; Smith (1924); Millen, Jessica <i>Romantic Creativity and the Ideal of Originality: A Contextual Analysis</i>, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eview.anu.edu.au/cross-sections/vol6/pdf/ch07.pdf"><i>Cross-sections</i>, The Bruce Hall Academic Journal – Volume VI, 2010 PDF</a>; Forest Pyle, The Ideology of Imagination: Subject and Society in the Discourse of Romanticism (Stanford University Press, 1995) str.28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Day 3–4; quotation from M.H. Abrams, quoted in Day, 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Berlin, 92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ferber, 6–7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferber,_7-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Ferber,_7_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ferber,_7_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ferber, 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christiansen, 241</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christiansen, 242.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">u svojem članku u <i>Oxford Companion</i>, citat Day, 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Day, 1–5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFMellorMatlak1996" class="citation book cs1">Mellor, Anne; Matlak, Richard. 1996. <i>British Literature 1780-1830</i>. Harcourt Brace & Co./Wadsworth. NY. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-1413022537" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-1413022537"><bdi>978-1413022537</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Literature+1780-1830&rft.place=NY&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+%26+Co.%2FWadsworth&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1413022537&rft.aulast=Mellor&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.au=Matlak%2C+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ARomantizam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Edward F. Kravitt, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WpR6Ja9eQzYC&pg=PA47&dq=%22Four+Last+Songs%22+%22Late+Romantic%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FC92T8K_JIWA8gPP3JCeDQ&ved=0CEAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Four%20Last%20Songs%22%20%22Late%20Romantic%22&f=false">The Lied: Mirror of Late Romanticism</a></i> (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1996): 47. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0300063652" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-300-06365-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Reidhead et al., "Norton Anthology of English Literature,"The Romantic Period – Volume D" (W.W. Norton & Company Ltd.) 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Johnson (1991), str. 147, citat</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Day, 1–3; ultrakonzervativni romantičar bio je <a href="/wiki/Joseph_de_Maistre" title="Joseph de Maistre">Joseph de Maistre</a>, ali mnogi romantičari, npr. Wordsworth, kretali su se iz mladenačkog radikalizma prema konzervativnom nazoru starijih godinama. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Palmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Palmer (stranica ne postoji)">Samuel Palmer</a> je jedini objavio tekst koji se protivio ukidanju tzv. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Corn_Laws&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corn Laws (stranica ne postoji)">Corn Laws</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Berlin, str. 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nekoliko Berlinovih djela koja obrađuju ovu temu prikupljena su u referencirani rad.Vidi: Berlin, 34-47, 57-59, 183-206, 207-237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Berlin, 57-58</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldandi.com/newhome/public/2004/february/bkpub1.asp">Linda Simon <i>The Sleep of Reason</i> by Robert Hughes</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Three Critics of the Enlightenment: Vico, Hamann, Herder</i>, Pimlico, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0712664920" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7126-6492-0</a> je jedna od mnogih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Berlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaiah Berlin (stranica ne postoji)">Berlinovih</a> publikacija o prosvjetiteljstvu i njegovi su neprijatelji puno učinili da populariziraju koncept protuprosvjetiteljstva koji se karakterizira, <a href="/wiki/Relativizam" title="Relativizam">relativistički</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racionalizam" title="Racionalizam">anti-racionalistički</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vitalizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vitalizam (stranica ne postoji)">vitalistički</a> i organski</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Darrin M. McMahon, "The Counter-Enlightenment and the Low-Life of Literature in Pre-Revolutionary France" <i>Past and Present</i> br. 159 (maj 1998:77–112) str. 79 bilješka 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Salon_de_1846_%28Curiosit%C3%A9s_esth%C3%A9tiques%29#II._.E2.80.94_Qu.E2.80.99est-ce_que_le_romantisme.3F">Baudelaire's speech at the "Salon des curiosités Estethiques</a> (<span style="color:#555;">francuski</span>). Fr.wikisource.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 24. kolovoza 2010.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Baudelaire%27s+speech+at+the+%22Salon+des+curiosit%C3%A9s+Estethiques&rft.pub=Fr.wikisource.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FSalon_de_1846_%2528Curiosit%25C3%25A9s_esth%25C3%25A9tiques%2529%23II._.E2.80.94_Qu.E2.80.99est-ce_que_le_romantisme.3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ARomantizam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sutherland, James (1958.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=4kc4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA1"><i>English Satire</i></a> str.1. Postoji nekoliko iznimki, najpoznatiji od njih je Bayron, koji je koristio satiru u nekoliko svojih najvažnijih djela. Bloom, str. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-John_Keats_page_106-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-John_Keats_page_106_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">John Keats. By Sidney Colvin, str. 106. Elibron Classics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thomas_Chatterton_1971,_page_11-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Thomas_Chatterton_1971,_page_11_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Chatterton, Grevel Lindop, 1972, Fyffield Books, str. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFZipes1988" class="citation book cs1">Zipes, Jack. 1988. <i>The Brothers Grimm: From Enchanted Forests to the Modern World</i>. 1. izdanje izdanje. Routledge. str. str. 7. – 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-415-90081-6" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-415-90081-6"><bdi>0-415-90081-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Brothers+Grimm%3A+From+Enchanted+Forests+to+the+Modern+World&rft.pages=str.+7.+-+8.&rft.edition=1.+izdanje&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-415-90081-6&rft.aulast=Zipes&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ARomantizam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFZipes2000" class="citation book cs1">Zipes, Jack. 2000. <i>The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales</i>. Oxford University Press. str. str. 13.–14. i 218.–219., . <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-0-19-860115-9" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-0-19-860115-9"><bdi>978-0-19-860115-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Fairy+Tales&rft.pages=str.+13.-14.+i+218.-219.%2C+&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-860115-9&rft.aulast=Zipes&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ARomantizam" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 održavanje: dodatna interpunkcija (<a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_dodatna_interpunkcija" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: dodatna interpunkcija">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christiansen, 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christiansen, 192–196</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christiansen, 197–200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christiansen, 213–220</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christiansen, 188–189</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bar je pokušao; Kean je glumio tragičnog Leara na vlastiti način. Publika to nije dobro prihvatila, i na žalost, vratio se na verziju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahum_Tate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahum Tate (stranica ne postoji)">}ahuma Tatea</a> s komičnim završetkom, koji je bio standard od 1689. Vidi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Wells&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Wells (stranica ne postoji)">Stanley Wells</a>, "Introduction" from <i>King Lear</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oxford_University_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oxford University Press (stranica ne postoji)">Oxford University Press</a>, 2000, str. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Coleridge, Samuel Taylor</a>, <i>Table Talk</i>, 27 April 1823 in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFColeridgeMorley1884" class="citation book cs1">Coleridge, Samuel Taylor; Morley, Henry. 1884. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=OJIRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA38"><i>Table Talk of Samuel Taylor Coleridge and The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Christobel, &c</i></a>. Routledge. New York. str. 38</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Table+Talk+of+Samuel+Taylor+Coleridge+and+The+Rime+of+the+Ancient+Mariner%2C+Christobel%2C+%26amp%3Bc.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1884&rft.aulast=Coleridge&rft.aufirst=Samuel+Taylor&rft.au=Morley%2C+Henry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOJIRAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ARomantizam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christiansen, 202–203, 241–242</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christiansen, 239–246, 240 quoted</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christiansen, 244–246</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christiansen, 130–138 on de Staël</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190401220028/http://www.faculty.virginia.edu/dostoevsky/texts/devil_pushkinbio.html">Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (1799.–1837.)</a>. University of Virginia Slavic Department. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faculty.virginia.edu/dostoevsky/texts/devil_pushkinbio.html">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 1. travnja 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 1. kolovoza 2011.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alexander+Sergeevich+Pushkin+%281799.%E2%80%931837.%29&rft.pub=University+of+Virginia+Slavic+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faculty.virginia.edu%2Fdostoevsky%2Ftexts%2Fdevil_pushkinbio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ARomantizam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Leon Dyczewski, <i>Values in the Polish cultural tradition</i> (2002) str. 183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher J. Murray, <i>Encyclopedia of the romantic era, 1760–1850</i> (2004) svezak 2. str. 742.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>La nuova enciclopedia della letteratura</i>. Garzanti. Milan. 1985. str. str. 829.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+nuova+enciclopedia+della+letteratura&rft.place=Milan&rft.pages=str.+829.&rft.pub=Garzanti&rft.date=1985&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ARomantizam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip W. Silver, <i>Ruin and restitution: reinterpreting romanticism in Spain</i> (1997.) str. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerald Brenan, <i>The literature of the Spanish people: from Roman times to the present</i> (1965.) str. 364.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Roberto González Echevarría and Enrique Pupo-Walker, <i>The Cambridge History of Latin American Literature: Brazilian Literature</i> (1996) svezak 2 str. 367.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-George_L_1997_p_613-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-George_L_1997_p_613_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-George_L_1997_p_613_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">George L. McMichael and Frederick C. Crews, eds. <i>Anthology of American Literature: Colonial through romantic</i> (6th ed. 1997) p 613</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Romanticism, American," in <i>The Oxford Dictionary of American Art and Artists</i>, Ann Lee Morgan (Oxford University Press, 2007.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t238.e1140">online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The relationship of the American poet Wallace Stevens to Romanticism is raised in the poem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Another_Weeping_Woman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Another Weeping Woman (stranica ne postoji)">Another Weeping Woman</a> and its commentary.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Novotny, 96. – 101., 99. citat</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Novotny, 112–121</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Honour, 184. – 190., 187. citat</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Walter Friedlaender, <i>From David to Delacroix</i>, 1974, remains the best available account of the subject.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/roma/hd_roma.htm">Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Novotny, 142</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Novotny, 133. – 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hughes, 279. – 280.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">McKay, James, <i>The Dictionary of Sculptors in Bronze</i>, Antique Collectors Club, London, 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Novotny, 397., 379.–384.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Dizionario di arte e letteratura</i>. Zanichelli. Bologna. 2002. str. 544.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dizionario+di+arte+e+letteratura&rft.place=Bologna&rft.pages=544.&rft.pub=Zanichelli&rft.date=2002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ARomantizam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Noon, throughout, especially str. 124.-155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Boyer 1961, 585.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ferchault 1957.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Grétre 1789.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Samson_2001-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Samson_2001_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samson_2001_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samson_2001_76-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Samson 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoffmann 1810, col. 632.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-78">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Boyer 1961., str. 585. – 586.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wagner 1995., str. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Einstein 1947.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Warrack 2002.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Grout 1960., str. 492.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Blume 1970.; Samson 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wehnert 1998.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Christiansen, 176–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-86">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cunningham, A., and Jardine, N., ed. <i>Romanticism and the Sciences,</i> str.15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-87">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bossi, M., and Poggi, S., ed. <i>Romanticism in Science: Science in Europe, 1790–1840,</i> p.xiv; Cunningham, A., and Jardine, N., ed. <i>Romanticism and the Sciences,</i> str.2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-88">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFE._Sreedharan2004" class="citation book cs1">E. Sreedharan. 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=jJVoi3PIejwC&pg=PR9"><i>A Textbook of Historiography, 500 B.C. to A.D. 2000</i></a>. Orient Blackswan. str. str. 128.–168.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Textbook+of+Historiography%2C+500+B.C.+to+A.D.+2000&rft.pages=str.+128.-168.&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=2004&rft.au=E.+Sreedharan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjJVoi3PIejwC%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ARomantizam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-89">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">u svojim objavljenim predavanjima <i>On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and The Heroic in History</i> iz 1841,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-90">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFCeri_Crossley2002" class="citation book cs1">Ceri Crossley. 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ovaIAgAAQBAJ"><i>French Historians and Romanticism: Thierry, Guizot, the Saint-Simonians, Quinet, Michelet</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/978-1-134-97668-3" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/978-1-134-97668-3"><bdi>978-1-134-97668-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=French+Historians+and+Romanticism%3A+Thierry%2C+Guizot%2C+the+Saint-Simonians%2C+Quinet%2C+Michelet&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-134-97668-3&rft.au=Ceri+Crossley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DovaIAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ARomantizam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-91">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Philip Clayton and Zachary Simpson, eds. <i>The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Science</i> (2006) str. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fichte-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fichte_92-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFFichte,_Johann1806" class="citation web cs1">Fichte, Johann. 1806. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140814170610/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1806fichte.asp">Address to the German Nation</a>. Fordham University. Inačica <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1806fichte.asp">izvorne stranice</a> arhivirana 14. kolovoza 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 1. listopada 2013.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Address+to+the+German+Nation&rft.pub=Fordham+University&rft.date=1806&rft.au=Fichte%2C+Johann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fordham.edu%2Fhalsall%2Fmod%2F1806fichte.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ARomantizam" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-93">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Maria Tatar, <i>The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales</i>, p. 31 <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0691067228" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-691-06722-8</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=36" title="Uredi odlomak: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=36" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Literatura"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guido_Adler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guido Adler (stranica ne postoji)">Adler, Guido</a>. 1911. <i>Der Stil in der Musik</i>. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel.</li> <li>Adler, Guido. 1919. <i>Methode der Musikgeschichte</i>. Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel.</li> <li>Adler, Guido. 1930. <i>Handbuch der Musikgeschichte</i>, second, thoroughly revised and greatly expanded edition. 2 vols. Berlin-Wilmersdorf: H. Keller. Reprinted, Tutzing: Schneider, 1961.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isaiah_Berlin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isaiah Berlin (stranica ne postoji)">Berlin, Isaiah</a>. 1990. <i>The Crooked Timber of Humanity: Chapters in the History of Ideas</i>, ed. Henry Hardy. London: John Murray. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/071954789X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7195-4789-X</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Bloom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Bloom (stranica ne postoji)">Bloom, Harold</a> (ed.). 1986. <i>George Gordon, Lord Byron</i>. New York: Chelsea House Publishers.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Blume&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Blume (stranica ne postoji)">Blume, Friedrich</a>. 1970. <i>Classic and Romantic Music</i>, translated by M. D. Herter Norton from two essays first published in <i>Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart</i>. New York: W. W. Norton.</li> <li>Bowra, C. Maurice. 1949. <i>The Romantic Imagination</i> (in series, "Galaxy Book[s]"). New York: Oxford University Press.</li> <li>Boyer, Jean-Paul. 1961. "Romantisme". <i>Encyclopédie de la musique</i>, edited by François Michel, with François Lesure and Vladimir Fédorov, 3:585–87. Paris: Fasquelle.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rupert_Christiansen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rupert Christiansen (stranica ne postoji)">Christiansen, Rupert</a>. 1988. <i>Romantic Affinities: Portraits From an Age, 1780–1830</i>. London: Bodley Head. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0370311175" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0370311175</a>. Paperback reprint, London: Cardinal, 1989 <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0747404046" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7474-0404-6</a>. Paperback reprint, London: Vintage, 1994. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0099367114" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0099367114</a>. Paperback reprin,t London: Pimlico, 2004. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/1844134210" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1844134210</a>.</li> <li>Cunningham, Andrew, and Nicholas Jardine (eds.) (1990). <i>Romanticism and the Sciences</i>. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0521356024" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-35602-4</a> (cloth); <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0521356857" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-35685-7</a> (pbk.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/0521356857">excerpt and text search</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=0jc4AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=Cunningham+%22Romanticism+and+the+Sciences%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=y3GhT6bEHMKw2gW_wYDdCQ&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Cunningham%20%22Romanticism%20and%20the%20Sciences%22&f=false">another excerpt-and-text-search source</a>.</li> <li>Day, Aidan. <i>Romanticism</i>, 1996, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0415083788" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-08378-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780415083782" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-415-08378-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Eco" title="Umberto Eco">Eco, Umberto</a>. 1994. "Interpreting Serials", in his <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=H4q8ZosSvB8C">The Limits of Interpretation</a></i>, pp. 83–100. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0253208696" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0253208696</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Innovation+%26+repetition%3A+between+modern+%26+postmodern+aesthetics.-a0138814075">excerpt</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721201226/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Innovation+%26+repetition%3A+between+modern+%26+postmodern+aesthetics.-a0138814075">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 21. srpnja 2011. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Einstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Einstein (stranica ne postoji)">Einstein, Alfred</a>. 1947. <i>Music in the Romantic Era</i>. New York, N.Y.: W. W. Norton, Inc. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780393097337" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780393097337</a></li> <li>Ferber, Michael. 2010. <i>Romanticism: A Very Short Introduction</i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780199568918" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-956891-8</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Friedl%C3%A4nder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Friedländer (stranica ne postoji)">Friedlaender, Walter</a>, <i>David to Delacroix</i>, (Originally published in German; reprinted 1980) 1952.</li> <li>Gregory, Elizabeth. 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=koPUNqF9XtoC"><i>Quotation and Modern American Poetry: Imaginary Gardens with Real Toads</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Gr%C3%A9try&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Grétry (stranica ne postoji)">Grétry, André-Ernest-Modeste</a>. 1789. <i>Mémoires, ou Essai sur la musique</i>. 3 vols. Paris: Chez l’auteur, de L'Imprimerie de la république, 1789. Second, enlarged edition, Paris: Imprimerie de la république, pluviôse, 1797. Republished, 3 vols., Paris: Verdiere, 1812; Brussels: Whalen, 1829. Facsimile of the 1797 edition, Da Capo Press Music Reprint Series. New York: Da Capo Press, 1971. Facsimile reprint in 1 volume of the 1829 Brussels edition, Bibliotheca musica Bononiensis, Sezione III no. 43. Bologna: Forni Editore, 1978.</li> <li>Grout, Donald Jay. 1960. <i>A History of Western Music</i>. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=E._T._A._Hoffmann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E. T. A. Hoffmann (stranica ne postoji)">Hoffmann, Ernst Theodor Amadeus</a>. 1810. "Recension: Sinfonie pour 2 Violons, 2 Violes, Violoncelle e Contre-Violon, 2 Flûtes, petite Flûte, 2 Hautbois, 2 Clarinettes, 2 Bassons, Contrabasson, 2 Cors, 2 Trompettes, Timbales et 3 Trompes, composée et dediée etc. par Louis van Beethoven. à Leipsic, chez Breitkopf et Härtel, Oeuvre 67. No. 5. des Sinfonies. (Pr. 4 Rthlr. 12 Gr.)". <i>Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung</i> 12, no. 40 (4 July), cols. 630–42 [Der Beschluss folgt.]; 12, no. 41 (11 July), cols. 652–59.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugh_Honour&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugh Honour (stranica ne postoji)">Honour, Hugh</a>, <i>Neo-classicism</i>, 1968, Pelican</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hughes_(critic)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hughes (critic) (stranica ne postoji)">Hughes, Robert</a>. <i>Goya</i>. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0394580281" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-394-58028-1</a></li> <li>Joachimides, Christos M. and Rosenthal, Norman and Anfam, David and Adams, Brooks (1993) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=vc_pAAAAMAAJ"><i>American art in the 20th century: painting and sculpture 1913–1993</i></a></li> <li>Macfarlane, Robert. 2007. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/oso/3105617/2007/00000001/00000001/art00002">`Romantic' Originality</a></i>, in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Pt9mAAAAMAAJ"><i>Original copy: plagiarism and originality in nineteenth-century literature</i></a>, March 2007, pp. 18–50(33)</li> <li>Noon, Patrick (ed), <i>Crossing the Channel, British and French Painting in the Age of Romanticism</i>, 2003, Tate Publishing/Metropolitan Museum of Art</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fritz_Novotny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fritz Novotny (stranica ne postoji)">Novotny, Fritz</a>, <i>Painting and Sculpture in Europe, 1780–1880</i> (Pelican History of Art), Yale University Press, 2nd edn. 1971 <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/014056120X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-14-056120-X</a></li> <li>Reidhead <i>et al.</i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norton_Anthology_of_English_Literature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norton Anthology of English Literature (stranica ne postoji)">Norton Anthology of English Literature</a>,</i> <i>The Romantic Period – Volume D</i> (W.W. Norton & Company Ltd.) 2006</li> <li>Ruthven, Kenneth Knowles. 2001. <i>Faking Literature</i>. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0521660157" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-66015-7</a> (cloth); <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0521669650" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-66965-0</a> (pbk).</li> <li>Samson, Jim. 2001. "Romanticism". <i>The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians</i>, second edition, edited by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Sadie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Sadie (stranica ne postoji)">Stanley Sadie</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Tyrrell_(professor_of_music)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Tyrrell (professor of music) (stranica ne postoji)">John Tyrrell</a>. London: Macmillan Publishers.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Logan_Pearsall_Smith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logan Pearsall Smith (stranica ne postoji)">Smith, Logan Pearsall</a> (1924) <i>Four Words: Romantic, Originality, Creative, Genius</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._C._Spearing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="A. C. Spearing (stranica ne postoji)">Spearing, A. C.</a> 1987. <i>Introduction</i> section to Chaucer's <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Franklin%27s_Prologue_and_Tale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Franklin's Prologue and Tale (stranica ne postoji)">The Franklin's Prologue and Tale</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Steiner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Steiner (stranica ne postoji)">Steiner, George</a>. 1998. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=After_Babel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="After Babel (stranica ne postoji)">After Babel</a></i>, ch.6 <i>Topologies of culture</i>, 3rd revised edition.</li> <li>Wagner, Richard. <i>Opera and Drama</i>, translated by William Ashton Ellis. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1995. Originally published as volume 2 of <i>Richard Wagner's Prose Works</i> (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 1900), a translation from <i>Gesammelte Schriften und Dichtungen</i> (Leipzig, 1871–73, 1883).</li> <li>Warrack, John. 2002. "Romanticism". <i>The Oxford Companion to Music</i>, edited by Alison Latham. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0198662122" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-866212-2</a>.</li> <li>Waterhouse, Francis A. 1926. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/27533952">Romantic 'Originality'</a></i> in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Sewanee_Review&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Sewanee Review (stranica ne postoji)">The Sewanee Review</a></i>, Vol. 34, No. 1 (Jan., 1926), pp. 40–49</li> <li>Wehnert, Martin. 1998. "Romantik und romantisch". <i>Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart: allgemeine Enzyklopädie der Musik, begründet von Friedrich Blume</i>, second revised edition. Sachteil 8: Quer–Swi, cols. 464–507. Basel, Kassel, London, Munich, and Prague: Bärenreiter; Stuttgart and Weimar: Metzler.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografija">Bibliografija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=37" title="Uredi odlomak: Bibliografija" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=37" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Bibliografija"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Abrams, Meyer H. 1971. <i>The Mirror and the Lamp</i>. London: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0195014715" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-19-501471-5</a>.</li> <li>Abrams, Meyer H. 1973. <i>Natural Supernaturalism: Tradition and Revolution in Romantic Literature</i>. New York: W.W. Norton.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joxe_Azurmendi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joxe Azurmendi (stranica ne postoji)">Azurmendi, Joxe</a>. 2008. <i>Volksgeist</i>. Donostia: Elkar. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9788497834049" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-84-9783-404-9</a>.</li> <li>Berlin, Isaiah. 1999. <i>The Roots of Romanticism</i>. London: Chatto and Windus. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0691086621" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-691-08662-1</a>.</li> <li>Blanning, Tim. <i>The Romantic Revolution: A History</i> (2011) 272pp</li> <li>Breckman, Warren, <i>European Romanticism: A Brief History with Documents</i>. New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/European-Romanticism-History-Documents-Bedford/dp/0312450230/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1281203962&sr=8-1">European Romanticism: A Brief History with Documents</a>. Amazon.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 24. kolovoza 2010.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Romanticism%3A+A+Brief+History+with+Documents&rft.pub=Amazon.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FEuropean-Romanticism-History-Documents-Bedford%2Fdp%2F0312450230%2Fref%3Dsr_1_1%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1281203962%26sr%3D8-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ARomantizam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Cavalletti, Carlo. 2000. <i>Chopin and Romantic Music</i>, translated by Anna Maria Salmeri Pherson. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series. (Hardcover) <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0764151363" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7641-5136-3</a> ; <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780764151361" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7641-5136-1</a>.</li> <li>Chaudon, Francis. 1980. <i>The Concise Encyclopedia of Romanticism</i>. Secaucus, N.J.: Chartwell Books. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0890097070" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-89009-707-0</a>.</li> <li>Ciofalo, John J. 2001. "The Ascent of Genius in the Court and Academy." <i>The Self-Portraits of Francisco Goya.</i> Cambridge University Press.</li> <li>Cox, Jeffrey N. 2004. <i>Poetry and Politics in the Cockney School: Keats, Shelley, Hunt and Their Circle</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780521604239" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780521604239</a></li> <li>Dahlhaus, Carl. 1979. "Neo-Romanticism". <i>19th-Century Music</i> 3, no. 2 (November): 97–105.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carl_Dahlhaus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carl Dahlhaus (stranica ne postoji)">Dahlhaus, Carl</a>. 1980. <i>Between Romanticism and Modernism: Four Studies in the Music of the Later Nineteenth Century</i>, translated by Mary Whittall in collaboration with Arnold Whittall; also with Friedrich Nietzsche, "On Music and Words", translated by Walter Arnold Kaufmann. California Studies in 19th Century Music 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0520036794" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-520-03679-4</a> (cloth); 0520067487 (pbk). Original German edition, as <i>Zwischen Romantik und Moderne: vier Studien zur Musikgeschichte des späteren 19. Jahrhunderts</i>. Munich: Musikverlag Katzbichler, 1974.</li> <li>Dahlhaus, Carl. 1985. <i>Realism in Nineteenth-Century Music</i>, translated by Mary Whittall. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0521261155" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-26115-5</a> (cloth); <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0521278414" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-27841-4</a> (pbk). Original German edition, as <i>Musikalischer Realismus: zur Musikgeschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts</i>. Munich: R. Piper, 1982. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/349200539X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-492-00539-X</a>.</li> <li>Fabre, Côme, and Felix Krämer (eds.). 2013. <i>L'ange du bizzare: Le romantisme noire de Goya a Max Ernst</i>, à l'occasion de l'Exposition, Stadel Museum, Francfort, 26 septembre 2012 – 20 janvier 2013, Musée d'Orsay, Paris, 5 mars – 9 juin 2013. Ostfildern: Hatje Cantz. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9783775735902" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9783775735902</a>.</li> <li>Fay, Elizabeth. 2002. <i>Romantic Medievalism. History and the Romantic Literary Ideal.</i> Houndsmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave.</li> <li>Geck, Martin. 1998. "Realismus". <i>Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart: Allgemeine Enzyklopädie der Musik begründe von Friedrich Blume</i>, second, revised edition, edited by Ludwig Finscher. Sachteil 8: Quer–Swi, cols. 91–99. Kassel, Basel, London, New York, Prague: Bärenreiter; Suttgart and Weimar: Metzler. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/3761811098" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-7618-1109-8</a> (Bärenreiter); <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/3476410080" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-476-41008-0</a> (Metzler).</li> <li>Gillespie, Gerald, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manfred_Engel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manfred Engel (stranica ne postoji)">Manfred Engel</a>, and Bernard Dieterle (eds.). 2008. <i>Romantic Prose Fiction</i> (= A Comparative History of Literatures in European Languages, Bd. XXIII; ed. by the International Comparative Literature Association). Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9789027234568" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-90-272-3456-8</a>. [esp. pp. 263–295].</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lionel_Gossman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lionel Gossman (stranica ne postoji)">Gossman, Lionel</a>. 2007. “Making of a Romantic Icon: The Religious Context of Friedrich Overbeck’s ‘Italia und Germania.’” Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0871699753" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-87169-975-3</a>.</li> <li>Grewe, Cordula. 2009. <i>Painting the Sacred in the Age of German Romanticism</i>. Burlington: Ashgate. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Painting-Sacred-Romanticism-Histories-Vision/dp/0754606457/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1281204211&sr=8-1">Painting the Sacred in the Age of Romanticism</a>. Amazon.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 24. kolovoza 2010.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Painting+the+Sacred+in+the+Age+of+Romanticism&rft.pub=Amazon.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FPainting-Sacred-Romanticism-Histories-Vision%2Fdp%2F0754606457%2Fref%3Dsr_1_1%3Fie%3DUTF8%26s%3Dbooks%26qid%3D1281204211%26sr%3D8-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ARomantizam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Holmes, Richard. 2009. <i>The Age of Wonder: How the Romantic Generation Discovered the Beauty and Terror of Science</i>. London: HarperPress. ISBN <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780007149520" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780007149520</a>. New York: Pantheon Books. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780375422225" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780375422225</a>. Paperback reprint, New York: Vintage Books. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9781400031870" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4000-3187-0</a></li> <li>Honour, Hugh. 1979. <i>Romanticism</i>. New York: Harper and Row. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0064333361" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0064333361</a> (cloth); <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0064300897" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0064300897</a> (pbk.).</li> <li>Johnson, Lee. 1991. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/59744">Eugène Delacroix (1798-1863) : paintings, drawings, and prints from North American collections</a></i>, New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780870996085" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780870996085</a>.</li> <li>Kravitt, Edward F. 1992. "Romanticism Today". <i>The Musical Quarterly</i> 76, no. 1 (Spring): 93–109.</li> <li>Lang, Paul Henry. 1941. <i>Music in Western Civilization</i>. New York: W. W. Norton.</li> <li>McCalman, Iain (ed.). 2009. <i>An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age</i>. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. Online at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/pages/Subjects_and_titles__t285">Oxford Reference Online</a></li> <li>Mason, Daniel Gregory. 1936. <i>The Romantic Composers</i>. New York: Macmillan.</li> <li>Masson, Scott. 2007. "Romanticism", Chapt. 7 in <i>The Oxford Handbook of English Literature and Theology</i>, (Oxford University Press) 2007.</li> <li>Murray, Christopher, ed. <i>Encyclopedia of the romantic era, 1760–1850</i> (2 vol 2004); 850 articles by experts; 1600pp</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon_Plantinga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon Plantinga (stranica ne postoji)">Plantinga, Leon</a>. 1984. <i>Romantic Music: A History of Musical Style in Nineteenth-Century Europe</i>. A Norton Introduction to Music History. New York: W. W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0393951960" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-393-95196-0</a> ; <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780393951967" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-393-95196-7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_V._Riasanovsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas V. Riasanovsky (stranica ne postoji)">Riasanovsky, Nicholas V</a>. 1992. <i>The Emergence of Romanticism</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780195073416" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0195073416</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Rosen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Rosen (stranica ne postoji)">Rosen, Charles</a>. 1995. <i>The Romantic Generation</i>. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0674779339" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-674-77933-9</a>.* Rosenblum, Robert, <i>Modern Painting and the Northern Romantic Tradition: Friedrich to Rothko</i>, (Harper & Row) 1975.</li> <li>Rummenhöller, Peter. 1989. <i>Romantik in der Musik: Analysen, Portraits, Reflexionen</i>. Munich: Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag; Kassel and New York: Bärenreiter.</li> <li>Schenk, H. G. 1966. <i>The Mind of the European Romantics: An Essay in Cultural History</i>.: Constable.</li> <li>Spencer, Stewart. 2008. "The 'Romantic Operas' and the Turn to Myth". In <i>The Cambridge Companion to Wagner</i>, edited by Thomas S. Grey, 67–73. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/052164299X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-64299-X</a> (cloth); <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0521644399" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-64439-9</a> (pbk).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r7012897"><cite id="CITEREFSteve2010" class="citation web cs1">Steve. 30. lipnja 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dianepub.wordpress.com/2010/06/30/lionel-gossman-making-of-a-romantic-icon-the-religious-context-of-friedrich-overbeck%E2%80%99s-italia-und-germaniaamerican-philosophical-society-transaction-97-5-isbn-0871699753/">Lionel Gossman’s Making of a Romantic Icon: The Religious Context of Friedrich Overbeck’s "Italia und Germania" (American Philosophical Society Transaction 97-5; ISBN 0-87169-975-3) « Diane Publishing's Blog</a>. Dianepub.wordpress.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 24. kolovoza 2010.</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lionel+Gossman%E2%80%99s+Making+of+a+Romantic+Icon%3A+The+Religious+Context+of+Friedrich+Overbeck%E2%80%99s+%22Italia+und+Germania%22+%28American+Philosophical+Society+Transaction+97-5%3B+ISBN+0-87169-975-3%29+%C2%AB+Diane+Publishing%27s+Blog&rft.pub=Dianepub.wordpress.com&rft.date=2010-06-30&rft.au=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdianepub.wordpress.com%2F2010%2F06%2F30%2Flionel-gossman-making-of-a-romantic-icon-the-religious-context-of-friedrich-overbeck%25E2%2580%2599s-italia-und-germaniaamerican-philosophical-society-transaction-97-5-isbn-0871699753%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhr.wikipedia.org%3ARomantizam" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Tekiner, Deniz. 2000. <i>Modern Art and the Romantic Vision</i>. Lanham, MD. University Press of America. <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780761815280" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780761815280</a> (cloth); <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/9780761815297" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9780761815297</a> (pbk.).</li> <li>Workman, Leslie J. 1994. "Medievalism and Romanticism". <i>Poetica</i> 39–40: 1–34.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_poveznice">Vanjske poveznice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&veaction=edit&section=38" title="Uredi odlomak: Vanjske poveznice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&action=edit&section=38" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske poveznice"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><sup>[<span style="color:#a44"><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedija:Provjerljivost" title="Wikipedija:Provjerljivost">neaktivna poveznica</a></i></span>]</sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muza.hr/UserFiles/file/predavanja/Slavenski%20romantizam.ppt.">Slavenski romantizam</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306082957/http://www.muza.hr/UserFiles/file/predavanja/Slavenski%20romantizam.ppt.">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 6. ožujka 2016. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians">Romanticism</a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160701124614/http://www.bl.uk/romantics-and-victorians/">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 1. srpnja 2016. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>) potraga na stranicama Britanske biblioteke</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poetseers.org/the_romantics/">Pjesnici romantizma</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehypertexts.com/Best%20Romantic%20Poetry.htm">Veliki romantičari</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv4-26"><i>Dictionary of the History of Ideas</i></a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090914233216/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv4-26">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 14. rujna 2009. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>), Romantizam</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv4-27"><i>Dictionary of the History of Ideas</i></a>  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081001234406/http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv4-27">Arhivirana inačica izvorne stranice</a> od 1. listopada 2008. (<a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>), Romantizam i politička misao</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rc.umd.edu"><i>Romantic Circles</i></a> Elektronska izdanja, povijest i znanstveni članci vezani za razdoblje romantizma</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pyramidmedia.com/homepage/search-by-title/humanities/romantic-rebellion-detail.html"><i>Romantična pobuna</i></a>.</li></ul> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Zapadnaumjetnost" title="Predložak:Zapadnaumjetnost"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Zapadnaumjetnost&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Razdoblja_i_pravci_zapadne_umjetnosti" title="Razdoblja i pravci zapadne umjetnosti">Razdoblja i pravci zapadne umjetnosti</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Stari_vijek" title="Stari vijek">Stari vijek</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Egejska_umjetnost" title="Egejska umjetnost">Egejska umjetnost</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Etru%C5%A1%C4%8Danska_umjetnost" class="mw-redirect" title="Etruščanska umjetnost">Etruščanska umjetnost</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Umjetnost_stare_Gr%C4%8Dke" class="mw-redirect" title="Umjetnost stare Grčke">Umjetnost stare Grčke</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Umjetnost_starog_Rima" title="Umjetnost starog Rima">Umjetnost starog Rima</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ranokr%C5%A1%C4%87anska_umjetnost" title="Ranokršćanska umjetnost">Ranokršćanska umjetnost</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Srednji_vijek" title="Srednji vijek">Srednji vijek</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Bizantska_umjetnost" title="Bizantska umjetnost">bizantska umjetnost</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Predromanika" title="Predromanika">predromanika</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Karolin%C5%A1ka_renesansa" title="Karolinška renesansa">karolinška renesansa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otonska_renesansa" title="Otonska renesansa">otonska renesansa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Starohrvatska_umjetnost" title="Starohrvatska umjetnost">starohrvatska umjetnost</a>)</small>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Romanika" title="Romanika">romanika</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Arhitektura_romanike" class="mw-redirect" title="Arhitektura romanike">arhitektura romanike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiparstvo_romanike" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiparstvo romanike">kiparstvo romanike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slikarstvo_romanike" class="mw-redirect" title="Slikarstvo romanike">slikarstvo romanike</a>)</small>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gotika" title="Gotika">gotika</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Arhitektura_gotike" class="mw-redirect" title="Arhitektura gotike">arhitektura gotike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiparstvo_gotike" title="Kiparstvo gotike">kiparstvo gotike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slikarstvo_gotike" title="Slikarstvo gotike">slikarstvo gotike</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Novi_vijek" title="Novi vijek">Novi vijek</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Renesansa" title="Renesansa">renesansa</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Rana_renesansa" title="Rana renesansa">rana renesansa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visoka_renesansa" title="Visoka renesansa">visoka renesansa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sjevernoeuropska_renesansa" title="Sjevernoeuropska renesansa">sjevernoeuropska renesansa</a>)</small>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Manirizam" title="Manirizam">manirizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barok" title="Barok">barok</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Barokna_arhitektura" title="Barokna arhitektura">barokna arhitektura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barokno_kiparstvo" title="Barokno kiparstvo">barokno kiparstvo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barokno_slikarstvo" title="Barokno slikarstvo">barokno slikarstvo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barokna_glazba" title="Barokna glazba">barokna glazba</a>)</small>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rokoko" title="Rokoko">rokoko</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neoklasicizam" title="Neoklasicizam">neoklasicizam</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Directoire" title="Directoire">directoire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ampir" title="Ampir">ampir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bidermajer" title="Bidermajer">bidermajer</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/Modernizam" title="Modernizam">Modernizam</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">romantizam</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Knji%C5%BEevnost_romantizma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Književnost romantizma (stranica ne postoji)">književnost romantizma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slikarstvo_romantizma" title="Slikarstvo romantizma">slikarstvo romantizma</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glazba_romantizma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glazba romantizma (stranica ne postoji)">glazba romantizma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historicizam" title="Historicizam">historicizam</a>)</small>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Prerafaeliti" title="Prerafaeliti">prerafaeliti</a>  <b>·</b> realizam <small>(<a href="/wiki/Realizam_(knji%C5%BEevnost)" title="Realizam (književnost)">književnost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Realizam_(likovna_umjetnost)" title="Realizam (likovna umjetnost)">likovna umjetnost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Realizam_(glazbena_umjetnost)" title="Realizam (glazbena umjetnost)">glazbena umjetnost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verizam" title="Verizam">verizam</a>)</small> <a href="/wiki/Naturalizam" title="Naturalizam">naturalizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Impresionizam" title="Impresionizam">impresionizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Postimpresionizam" title="Postimpresionizam">postimpresionizam</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Sintetizam" title="Sintetizam">sintetizam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pointilizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Pointilizam">pointilizam</a>)</small>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neoimpresionizam" title="Neoimpresionizam">neoimpresionizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Simbolizam" title="Simbolizam">simbolizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Parnasovstvo" title="Parnasovstvo">parnasovstvo</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts" title="Arts and Crafts">Arts and Crafts</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Secesija" title="Secesija">secesija</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Be%C4%8Dka_moderna" title="Bečka moderna">bečka moderna</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;"><a href="/wiki/20._stolje%C4%87e" title="20. stoljeće">20. stoljeće</a></td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fovizam" title="Fovizam">fovizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ekspresionizam" title="Ekspresionizam">ekspresionizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Naiva" title="Naiva">naiva</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kubizam" title="Kubizam">kubizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Orfizam" title="Orfizam">orfizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Vorticizam" title="Vorticizam">vorticizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Purizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purizam (stranica ne postoji)">purizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Art_d%C3%A9co" title="Art déco">art déco</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Internacionalni_stil" title="Internacionalni stil">internacionalni stil</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Apstraktna_umjetnost" title="Apstraktna umjetnost">apstraktna umjetnost</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Suprematizam" title="Suprematizam">suprematizam</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstruktivizam_(umjetnost)" title="Konstruktivizam (umjetnost)">konstruktivizam</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinkromizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinkromizam (stranica ne postoji)">sinkromizam</a>)</small>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Futurizam" title="Futurizam">futurizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dadaizam" title="Dadaizam">dadaizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Metafizi%C4%8Dko_slikarstvo" title="Metafizičko slikarstvo">metafizičko slikarstvo</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Nadrealizam" title="Nadrealizam">nadrealizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Apstraktni_ekspresionizam" title="Apstraktni ekspresionizam">apstraktni ekspresionizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_umjetnost" title="Kinetička umjetnost">kinetička umjetnost</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">pop art</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Op_art" title="Op art">op art</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%A1izam" title="Tašizam">tašizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Informel" class="mw-redirect" title="Informel">informel</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neorealizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neorealizam (stranica ne postoji)">neorealizam</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Precizionizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Precizionizam (stranica ne postoji)">precizionizam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fotorealizam" title="Fotorealizam">fotorealizam</a>)</small>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Minimalizam" title="Minimalizam">minimalizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Konceptualna_umjetnost" title="Konceptualna umjetnost">konceptualna umjetnost</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Land_art" title="Land art">land art</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Postmoderna" title="Postmoderna">postmoderna</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">Povezani članci</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Larpurlartizam" title="Larpurlartizam">larpurlartizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esteticizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esteticizam (stranica ne postoji)">esteticizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekadentizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dekadentizam (stranica ne postoji)">dekadentizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Avangarda" title="Avangarda">avangarda</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Funkcionalizam" title="Funkcionalizam">funkcionalizam</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eklekticizam" title="Eklekticizam">eklekticizam</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";" colspan="2" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Romantisti%C4%8Dki_knji%C5%BEevnici" title="Predložak:Romantistički književnici"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Romantisti%C4%8Dki_knji%C5%BEevnici&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Književnici romantizma</a>: <a href="/wiki/18._stolje%C4%87e" title="18. stoljeće">18. stoljeće</a> – <a href="/wiki/19._stolje%C4%87e" title="19. stoljeće">19. stoljeće</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">Hrvatski književnici romantizma</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Dimitrija_Demeter" title="Dimitrija Demeter">Dimitrija Demeter</a> - <a href="/wiki/Ljudevit_Gaj" title="Ljudevit Gaj">Ljudevit Gaj</a> - <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ma%C5%BEurani%C4%87" title="Ivan Mažuranić">Ivan Mažuranić</a> - <a href="/wiki/Matija_Ma%C5%BEurani%C4%87" title="Matija Mažuranić">Matija Mažuranić</a> - <a href="/wiki/Petar_Preradovi%C4%87" title="Petar Preradović">Petar Preradović</a> - <a href="/wiki/Pavao_%C5%A0toos" title="Pavao Štoos">Pavao Štoos</a> - <a href="/wiki/Stanko_Vraz" title="Stanko Vraz">Stanko Vraz</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";;">Ostali književnici romantizma</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/George_Gordon_Byron" title="George Gordon Byron">George Gordon Byron</a> - <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_Goethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Wolfgang Goethe">Johann Wolfgang Goethe</a> - <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heinrich Heine</a> - <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a> - <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Alphonse de Lamartine</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Jurjevi%C4%8D_Ljermontov" class="mw-redirect" title="Mihail Jurjevič Ljermontov">Mihail Jurjevič Ljermontov</a> - <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Manzoni" title="Alessandro Manzoni">Alessandro Manzoni</a> - <a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Adam Mickiewicz</a> - <a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a> - <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a> - <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Sergejevi%C4%8D_Pu%C5%A1kin" title="Aleksandar Sergejevič Puškin">Aleksandar Sergejevič Puškin</a> - <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Friedrich Schiller</a> - <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a> - <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-iznadispod" style=";background:#ddf" colspan="2"><div style="float:left; margin:0 1.0em;"> << <a href="/wiki/Prosvjetiteljstvo" title="Prosvjetiteljstvo">Prosvjetiteljstvo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klasicizam" title="Klasicizam">Klasicizam</a></div> <div style="float:right; margin:0 1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Realizam_(knji%C5%BEevnost)" title="Realizam (književnost)">Realizam</a> >> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=";"><tbody><tr><td style="padding:2px;"><table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"><tbody><tr><th style=";background:#9955BB; color:white;" colspan="2" class="navbox-naslov"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinksneverexpand navbar" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:normal; font-variant:small-caps; ;background:#9955BB; color:white;;border:none;;"><a href="/wiki/Predlo%C5%BEak:Romantizam" title="Predložak:Romantizam"><span title="Vidi ovaj predložak." style=";background:#9955BB; color:white;;border:none;;">v</span></a> • <a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predlo%C5%BEak:Romantizam&action=edit"><span style="color:#002bb8;;background:#9955BB; color:white;;border:none;;" title="Možete urediti ovaj predložak. Prije spremanja provjerite kako će izgledati.">u</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color: white">Romantizam</span></a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-iznadispod" style=";background-color:#C9A0DC; text-align:center" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/18._stolje%C4%87e" title="18. stoljeće">XVIII. stoljeće</a>  <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/19._stolje%C4%87e" title="19. stoljeće">XIX. stoljeće</a></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background-color: #C9A0DC;;">Književnici</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Robert Burns</a> • <a href="/wiki/George_Gordon_Byron" title="George Gordon Byron">George Gordon Byron</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9_de_Chateaubriand" title="François-René de Chateaubriand">François-René de Chateaubriand</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a> • <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Theodor_Amadeus_Hoffmann" title="Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann">Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_H%C3%B6lderlin" title="Friedrich Hölderlin">Friedrich Hölderlin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">John Keats</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Alphonse de Lamartine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Leopardi" title="Giacomo Leopardi">Giacomo Leopardi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Ljermontov" title="Mihail Ljermontov">Mihail Ljermontov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Adam_Mickiewicz" title="Adam Mickiewicz">Adam Mickiewicz</a> • <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_de_Nerval" title="Gérard de Nerval">Gérard de Nerval</a> • <a href="/wiki/Novalis" title="Novalis">Novalis</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Pu%C5%A1kin" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandar Puškin">Aleksandar Puškin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Friedrich Schiller</a> • <a href="/wiki/Walter_Scott" title="Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">Mary Shelley</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Percy Bysshe Shelley</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background-color: #C9A0DC;;">Skladatelji</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Milij_Aleksejevi%C4%8D_Balakirev" title="Milij Aleksejevič Balakirev">Milij Aleksejevič Balakirev</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Mo%C4%87na_gomilica" title="Moćna gomilica">Moćna gomilica</a>)</small> • <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_van_Beethoven" title="Ludwig van Beethoven">Ludwig van Beethoven</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Vincenzo Bellini</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hector_Berlioz" title="Hector Berlioz">Hector Berlioz</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bizet" title="Georges Bizet">Georges Bizet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Johannes Brahms</a> • <a href="/wiki/Anton_Bruckner" title="Anton Bruckner">Anton Bruckner</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aleksandar_Borodin" title="Aleksandar Borodin">Aleksandar Borodin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Chopin" title="Frédéric Chopin">Frédéric Chopin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Donizetti" title="Gaetano Donizetti">Gaetano Donizetti</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Antonín Dvořák</a> • <a href="/wiki/Mihail_Glinka" title="Mihail Glinka">Mihail Glinka</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Grieg" title="Edvard Grieg">Edvard Grieg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Cezar_Antonovi%C4%8D_Kjui" title="Cezar Antonovič Kjui">Cezar Antonovič Kjui</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vatroslav_Lisinski" title="Vatroslav Lisinski">Vatroslav Lisinski</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Mahler" title="Gustav Mahler">Gustav Mahler</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn" title="Felix Mendelssohn">Felix Mendelssohn</a> • <a href="/wiki/Modest_Musorgski" class="mw-redirect" title="Modest Musorgski">Modest Musorgski</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Otto_Nicolai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Otto Nicolai (stranica ne postoji)">Otto Nicolai</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach" title="Jacques Offenbach">Jacques Offenbach</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Paganini" title="Niccolò Paganini">Niccolò Paganini</a> • <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Giacomo Puccini</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sergej_Rahmanjinov" title="Sergej Rahmanjinov">Sergej Rahmanjinov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Rimski-Korsakov" title="Nikolaj Rimski-Korsakov">Nikolaj Rimski-Korsakov</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gioacchino_Rossini" class="mw-redirect" title="Gioacchino Rossini">Gioacchino Rossini</a> • <a href="/wiki/Franz_Schubert" title="Franz Schubert">Franz Schubert</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schumann" title="Robert Schumann">Robert Schumann</a> • <a href="/wiki/Camille_Saint-Sa%C3%ABns" title="Camille Saint-Saëns">Camille Saint-Saëns</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Bed%C5%99ich_Smetana" title="Bedřich Smetana">Bedřich Smetana</a> • <a href="/wiki/Johann_Strauss_stariji" title="Johann Strauss stariji">Johann Strauss stariji</a> • <a href="/wiki/Johann_Strauss_mla%C4%91i" title="Johann Strauss mlađi">Johann Strauss mlađi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francisco_T%C3%A1rrega" title="Francisco Tárrega">Francisco Tárrega</a> • <a href="/wiki/Petar_Ilji%C4%8D_%C4%8Cajkovski" title="Petar Iljič Čajkovski">Petar Iljič Čajkovski</a> • <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi" title="Giuseppe Verdi">Giuseppe Verdi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a> • <a href="/wiki/Carl_Maria_von_Weber" title="Carl Maria von Weber">Carl Maria von Weber</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ivan_pl._Zajc" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan pl. Zajc">Ivan pl. Zajc</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background-color: #C9A0DC;;">Umjetnici</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/William_Blake" title="William Blake">William Blake</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Pavlovi%C4%8D_Brijulov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Pavlovič Brijulov (stranica ne postoji)">Karl Pavlovič Brijulov</a> • <a href="/wiki/John_Constable" title="John Constable">John Constable</a> • <a href="/wiki/Camille_Corot" title="Camille Corot">Camille Corot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a> • <a href="/wiki/Caspar_David_Friedrich" title="Caspar David Friedrich">Caspar David Friedrich</a> • <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_G%C3%A9ricault" title="Théodore Géricault">Théodore Géricault</a> • <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Goya" title="Francisco Goya">Francisco Goya</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0kola_rijeke_Hudson" title="Škola rijeke Hudson">Škola rijeke Hudson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Leutze" title="Emanuel Leutze">Emanuel Leutze</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pokret_Nazarene&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pokret Nazarene (stranica ne postoji)">Pokret Nazarene</a> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Palmer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Palmer (stranica ne postoji)">Samuel Palmer</a> • <a href="/wiki/J._M._W._Turner" class="mw-redirect" title="J. M. W. Turner">J. M. W. Turner</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background-color: #C9A0DC;;">Filozofija</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-parni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte" title="Johann Gottlieb Fichte">Johann Gottlieb Fichte</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_Jahn" title="Friedrich Ludwig Jahn">Friedrich Ludwig Jahn</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_Joseph_Schelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling">Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel</a>  • <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaard" title="Søren Kierkegaard">Søren Kierkegaard</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-grupa" style=";background-color: #C9A0DC;;">Kultura romantizma</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-popis navbox-neparni"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Boem" title="Boem">Boem</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eskapizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eskapizam (stranica ne postoji)">Eskapizam</a>  • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanti%C4%8Dki_nacionalizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Romantički nacionalizam (stranica ne postoji)">Romantički nacionalizam</a></div></td></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-iznadispod" style=";background-color:#C9A0DC; text-align:center" colspan="2"><< <a href="/wiki/Prosvjetiteljstvo" title="Prosvjetiteljstvo">Prosvjetiteljstvo</a> • Realizam <small>(u <a href="/wiki/Realizam_(knji%C5%BEevnost)" title="Realizam (književnost)">književnosti</a>, u <a href="/wiki/Realizam_(likovna_umjetnost)" title="Realizam (likovna umjetnost)">likovnoj umjetnosti</a>)</small> >></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Dobavljeno iz "<a dir="ltr" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&oldid=6981016">https://hr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romantizam&oldid=6981016</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorija</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:%C4%8Clanak_tjedna" title="Kategorija:Članak tjedna">Članak tjedna</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategorija:Articles_with_hatnote_templates_targeting_a_nonexistent_page&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategorija:Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page (stranica ne postoji)">Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Umjetni%C4%8Dki_pravci" title="Kategorija:Umjetnički pravci">Umjetnički pravci</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Romantizam" title="Kategorija:Romantizam">Romantizam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Knji%C5%BEevni_%C5%BEanrovi" title="Kategorija:Književni žanrovi">Književni žanrovi</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skrivene kategorije: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_bot:_nepoznat_status_originalnog_URL-a" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: bot: nepoznat status originalnog URL-a">CS1 održavanje: bot: nepoznat status originalnog URL-a</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_upotrebe_(francuski)" title="Kategorija:CS1 upotrebe (francuski)">CS1 upotrebe (francuski)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:CS1_odr%C5%BEavanje:_dodatna_interpunkcija" title="Kategorija:CS1 održavanje: dodatna interpunkcija">CS1 održavanje: dodatna interpunkcija</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Stranice_s_%C4%8Darobnim_ISBN_poveznicama" title="Kategorija:Stranice s čarobnim ISBN poveznicama">Stranice s čarobnim ISBN poveznicama</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:%C4%8Clanci_s_neaktivnim_poveznicama" title="Kategorija:Članci s neaktivnim poveznicama">Članci s neaktivnim poveznicama</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica posljednji je put uređivana 29. lipnja 2024. u 14:46.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencijom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.hr">Creative Commons: Imenuj autora/Dijeli pod istim uvjetima</a>; mogu se primjenjivati i dodatni uvjeti. 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