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href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/eris/"> ERIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/flames/"> FLAMES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/fors/"> FORS1 and FORS2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/hawk-i/"> HAWK-I </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/isaac/"> ISAAC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/kmos/"> KMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/mad/"> MAD </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/moons/"> MOONS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/muse/"> MUSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naco/"> NACO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sinfoni/"> SINFONI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/sphere/"> SPHERE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/uves/"> UVES </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vimos/"> VIMOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/visir/"> VISIR </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/x-shooter/"> X-shooter </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vtl-test-cameras/"> VLT Test Cameras </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/"> VLT Unit Telescopes Names <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-274" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/antu/"> Antu </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/kueyen/"> Kueyen </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/melipal/"> Melipal </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-names/yepun/"> Yepun </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlti/"> VLT Interferometer <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-279" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/gravity/"> GRAVITY </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/matisse/"> MATISSE </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/naomi/"> NAOMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/pionier/"> PIONIER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/amber/"> AMBER </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/midi/"> MIDI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/vinci/"> VINCI </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/auxiliarytelescopes/"> Auxiliary Telescopes </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/"> Survey Telescopes <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-288" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/"> VISTA <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-289" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/mirror/"> The VISTA mirror </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/camera/"> VIRCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/4most/"> 4MOST </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/surveys/"> The VISTA surveys </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vista/consortium/"> The VISTA consortium </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/"> VST <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-295" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/mirror/"> The VST mirrors </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/camera/"> OmegaCAM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/surveytelescopes/vst/surveys/"> The VST surveys </a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/speculoos/"> SPECULOOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/ngts/"> NGTS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/cta/"> Cherenkov Telescope Array </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/"> La Silla Observatory <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-302" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/"> Swedish–ESO Submillimetre Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-303" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swedish/simba/"> SIMBA </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/"> New Technology Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-305" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/efosc2/"> EFOSC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/emmi/"> EMMI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/sofi/"> SOFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/soxs/"> SOXS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/ntt/susi2/"> SUSI and SUSI2 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/"> ESO 3.6-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-312" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/adonis/"> ADONIS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/caspec/"> CASPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/irspec/"> IRSPEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/harps/"> HARPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/mefos/"> MEFOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/nirps/"> NIRPS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/optopus/"> OPTOPUS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/timmi2/"> TIMMI/2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/36-standard-photometer/"> Standard Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-specklegraph/"> Infrared Specklegraph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/infrared-speckle-interferometer/"> Infrared Speckle Interferometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/36/efosc/"> EFOSC </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/"> MPG/ESO 2.2-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-326" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/feros/"> FEROS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/grond/"> GROND </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/irac2/"> IRAC & IRAC2 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/pisco/"> PISCO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/wfi/"> WFI </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mpg22/infrared-photometer-spectrophotometer/"> Infrared Photometer/Spectrophotometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/"> Swiss 1.2-metre Leonhard Euler Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-333" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss/coralie/"> CORALIE </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/rem/"> Rapid Eye Mount telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/trappist/"> TRAnsiting Planets and PlanetesImals Small Telescope–South </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/"> Danish 1.54-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-337" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/coravel/"> CORAVEL </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/dfosc/"> DFOSC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/ccd/"> CCD camera </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/hb-photometer/"> Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/two-channel-photometer/"> Two-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/four-channel-photometer/"> Four-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish154/six-channel-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby-Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/tarot/"> Télescope à Action Rapide pour les Objets Transitoires </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1mschmidt/"> ESO 1-metre Schmidt telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/"> ESO 1.52-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-347" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/bandc/"> Boller and Chivens Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/coude/"> Coudé Spectrograph </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/echelec/"> ECHELEC </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/152metre/rv-cass-spectrograph/"> RV Cass Spectrograph </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/"> ESO 1-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-352" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/fideos/"> FIDEOS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/infrared-photometer/"> Infrared Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/1metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/"> ESO 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-356" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/single-channel-photometer/"> Single-Channel Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/05metre/double-channel-photometer/"> Double-Channel Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/"> Coudé Auxiliary Telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-359" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/coude/ces/"> CES </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marly/"> MarLy 1-metre telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/"> Dutch 0.9-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-362" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/09metre/walraven/"> Walraven Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/t70/"> Swiss T70 telescope </a></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/"> Bochum 0.61-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-365" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-scanner/"> Bochum Scanner </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/bochum/bochum-photometer/"> Bochum Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/"> Danish 0.5-metre telescope <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-368" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-two-channel-hb-photometer/"> Two-Channel Hβ Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-four-channel-uvby-photometer/"> Four-Channel uvby Photometer </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/danish05/danish-six-channel-uvby-hb-photometer/"> Six-Channel uvby–Hβ Photometer </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/gpo/"> Grand Prisme Objectif telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/swiss04/"> Swiss 0.4-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/marseille/"> Marseille 0.36-metre telescope </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/grb/"> GRB Monitoring System </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/mascara/"> MASCARA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/blackgem/"> BlackGEM </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/extra/"> ExTrA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/lasilla/test-bed/"> Test-Bed Telescope </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/"> APEX <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-380" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/apex-2a/"> APEX–2A </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/artemis/"> ArTéMiS </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/aszca/"> ASZCa </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/champ-plus/"> CHAMP+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/concerto/"> CONCERTO </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash/"> FLASH </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/flash-plus/"> FLASH+ </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/laboca/"> LABOCA </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/apex/mpi_11thz/"> 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310023623/http://www.esof.eu/"> EuroScience Open Forum (ESOF) </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310023623/http://eas.unige.ch/EWASS2016/"> EWASS 2016 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310023623/https://aas.org/meetings/aas227"> AAS Winter 2016 </a></li></ul></li><li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/"> Astronomical Events <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul id="submenu-aim-474" class="submenu-aim sublevel"><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/solareclipse2019/"> Total Solar Eclipse 2019 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/mcnaught2007/"> The Comet McNaught 2007 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/deepimpact/"> Deep Impact - 04.07.2005 </a></li><li class=""><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310023623/http://www.vt-2004.org/"> The Venus Transit - 08.11.2004 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids99/"> The Leonids - 17.11.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/eclipse99/"> Solar Eclipse at ESO HQ - 11.08.1999 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/leonids98/"> The Leonids - 11.1998 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/pathfinder/"> Mars Pathfinder - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hyakutake/"> Comet Hyakutake - 1997 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/sl9/"> SL-9 and Jupiter - 1994 </a></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/events/astro-evt/hale-bopp/"> Comet Hale Bopp - 1994 </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/events/seminars/"> Astronomy Communication Seminars </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/">Outreach<span class="fa fa-angle-down level0-children-arrows"></span></a> <span class="mobile-children"> <span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span> </span> <div class="level1-wrapper"> <div class="level1"> <ul id="submenu-aim-487" class="submenu-aim"> <li class="submenu"><a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/eduoff/"> Education <span class="desktop-children topmenu-arrow fa fa-angle-right"></span></a><span class="mobile-children"><span class="fa fa-angle-down"></span></span><ul 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</div> </div> <div class="page-content"> <div id="editable-content"> <h1>CRIRES<sup>+</sup></h1> <h2>CRyogenic high-resolution InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph<sup>+</sup></h2> <p><img src="/web/20220310023623im_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/static/teles-instr/vlt/images/crires+_pano.jpg" border="0"/></p> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <p>CRIRES<sup>+</sup>, short for Cryogenic high-resolution InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph<sup>+</sup>, is an upgrade to CRIRES that resulted from a six-year collaboration between researchers at ESO and several European institutes.</p> <p>Located at UT3 on the Very Large Telescope (VLT) at ESO's Paranal Observatory, CRIRES<sup>+</sup> is an instrument based on the backbone of the CRIRES spectrograph. This instrument worked on the VLT for eight years achieving great scientific results, among them, the measurement of <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1414/">length of an exoplanet day for the first time</a> or the creation of the <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1404/">first weather map for the nearest brown dwarf to Earth</a>.</p> <p>By increasing the wavelength range that is covered simultaneously by a factor of ten, the upgrade project gave new capabilities to the instrument and more ambitious scientific goals. <em>“This was done by turning CRIRES into a cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph,”</em> says ESO project manager for CRIRES<sup>+</sup>, Reinhold Dorn.</p> <p>From October 2021, the astronomy community will be able to use this improved instrument to search for super-Earths in habitable zones of low-mass stars, where the chance of finding planets that can support life is higher. CRIRES<sup>+</sup> can also be used to search and describe the chemical composition of exoplanet atmospheres and to study the origin and evolution of stellar magnetic fields.</p> <p>Like it is predecessor, CRIRES<sup>+</sup> consists of both a spectrograph and an adaptive optics system. The spectrograph's application is to split the light into its separate components for individual analysis. Inside of CRIRES<sup>+</sup>, the light is divided in the same way that rain droplets disperse the light to form a rainbow. This process allows astronomers to capture essential information of different elements encoded in the light. </p> <p>The adaptive optics system, called MACAO (Multi-Applications Curvature Adaptive Optics), uses a reference star to measure the distortions of the image caused by the turbulence of the atmosphere, computes the corrections needed, and applies them to a deformable mirror. MACAO corrects up to 1000 frames/second, resulting in sharper images. Thanks to a complete upgrade to MACAO, the lifetime of this system will be of at least ten years.</p> <p>Other main additions are new gas cells, which are part of a new calibration module, new large state-of-the-art detectors, and a polarimetry module allowing new science to be made with the instrument.</p> <p>These new features are all supported by a dedicated data reduction software, which allows the astronomers using the instrument to take full advantage of the new capabilities offered by CRIRES<sup>+</sup>.</p> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <table class="table table-bordered" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <h3>CRIRES<sup>+</sup></h3> <p>The authoritative technical specifications as offered for astronomical observations are available from the <a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/sci/facilities/paranal/instruments/crires.html">Science Operation page</a>.</p> <table class="table"> <tbody> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Site:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Paranal</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Telescope:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310023623/http://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal/">VLT UT3</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Focus:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Nasmyth B</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Type:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Bands:</strong></td> <td valign="top">Y, J, H, K, L, M</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Spectral resolution:</strong></td> <td valign="top">≥100000, 50000 (0.2", 0.4" slit widths)</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>First light date:</strong></td> <td valign="top">February 2021</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><strong>Press Releases with the instrument:</strong></td> <td valign="top"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/news/?search=CRIRES%2B">Link</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="top"> <p><strong>Consortium:</strong></p> </td> <td valign="top"> <p>ESO (Germany, Chile), the Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August Universität Göttingen (Germany), Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Germany), Department for Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala (Sweden), INAF Osservatorio di Arcetri (Italy), INAF Osservatorio di Bologna (Italy). The instrument’s principal investigator is Artie Hatzes of the Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (Thuringian State Observatory Tautenburg), Germany.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- #body --> <div class="row footernote"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310023623/mailto:information@eso.org">Send us your comments!</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/newsletters/esonews/">Subscribe to receive news from ESO in your language</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310023623/https://www.cdn77.com/">Accelerated by CDN77</a> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3"> <a href="/web/20220310023623/https://www.eso.org/public/about-eso/privacy/">Terms & Conditions</a> </div> </div> <link href="/web/20220310023623cs_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/css/extras.166b25c68b97.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/> <script type="text/javascript">var MEDIA_URL = "/public/archives/"</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20220310023623js_/https://www.eso.org/public/archives/djp/js/main.6ae27c5f7b90.js" charset="utf-8"></script> </div> <!-- content --> <div id="social-share" class="hidden-print"> <div class="link facebook" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Facebook"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310023623/https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires+/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link twitter" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Twitter"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310023623/http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires+/&text=CRIRES+&via=ESO" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link pinterest" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share on Pinterest"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310023623/http://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires+/&media=&description=CRIRES+" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-pinterest" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link print" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Print"> <a href="javascript:window.print()" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-print" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> <div class="link email" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="right" title="Share by email"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220310023623/mailto:%20?subject=ESO — CRIRES+&body=https://www.eso.org/public/teles-instr/paranal-observatory/vlt/vlt-instr/crires+/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-envelope-o" aria-hidden="true"></i></a> </div> </div> <script> $('[data-toggle="tooltip"]').tooltip(); </script> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="z79WXP6CK8u8BKkazQVJsvReZKAnw58QqslL3Yrjp3sb0pyILk9Ip7YrkIlu037x"/> </body> </html> <!-- FILE ARCHIVED ON 02:36:23 Mar 10, 2022 AND RETRIEVED FROM THE INTERNET ARCHIVE ON 00:10:38 Feb 17, 2025. 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