CINXE.COM

Technical Papers - Publications - Publications

<!doctype html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/toolkit/styles/vendor.css" type="text/css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/toolkit/styles/toolkit.css?" type="text/css"/> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice start for sae.org --> <script async="async" type="text/javascript" src=https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/consent/8d8332f8-b9a9-430a-b78e-a1db484660c1/OtAutoBlock.js ></script> <script async="async" src="https://cdn-ukwest.onetrust.com/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="8d8332f8-b9a9-430a-b78e-a1db484660c1" ></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function OptanonWrapper() { } </script> <!-- OneTrust Cookies Consent Notice end for sae.org --> <script> var digitalData = window.digitalData = window.digitalData || []; digitalData.push( { "page" : { "pageName" : "sae:publications:technical-papers", "pageTitle" : "Technical Papers - Publications - Publications", "pageType" : "publications", "pageUrl" : "http://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers", "urlParameter" : "", "fullUrl" : "http://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers", "slug" : "technical-papers", "hostname" : "www.sae.org", "subDomain" : "", "businessUnit" : "sae", "referringUrl" : "", "fullReferringUrl" : "", "previousPageName" : "", "path" : "/publications/technical-papers", "primaryCategory" : "publications", "subCategory1" : "technical-papers", "subCategory2" : "", "subCategory3" : "" }, "event" : "pageView", "user" : { "authentication" : "logged-out", "userId" : "" } } ); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/assets/toolkit/scripts/vendor.js"></script> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin> <title>Technical Papers - Publications - Publications</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers"/> <meta name="description" content="SAE Technical Papers provide professionals and students with the latest advances in mobility research."/> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"/> <link rel="schema.DCTERMS" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Technical Papers - Publications - Publications"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Technical Papers - Publications - Publications"/> <meta property="og:description" content="SAE Technical Papers provide professionals and students with the latest advances in mobility research."/> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@400;500&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.sae.org/binaries/content/gallery/cm/hero/publications/hero-image.jpg/hero-image.jpg/cm%3Ahero"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="https://www.sae.org/binaries/content/gallery/cm/hero/publications/hero-image.jpg/hero-image.jpg/cm%3Ahero"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@SAEIntl"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.sae.org/site/publications/technical-papers"/> </head> <body class="nx-body" ng-app="cmsApp"> <div class="nx-layout nx-home-page nx-hero-shrink-on-scroll"> <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3"> <header class="nx-header"> <nav class="nx-header-top-nav"> <ul class="nx-header-top-nav-list"> <li class="nx-header-top-nav-item nx-pop-down-wrapper"> <a class="nx-logo nx-logo-nav nx-header-logo"> <img class="nx-logo nx-logo-img nx-header-logo-img nx-pop-down-trigger" data-pop-down-id="header-enterprise-menu-img-pop-down" src="/webfiles/1724928875639/images/sae-international-logo.png" alt="SAE International &reg;" </a> <div class="nx-pop-down nx-pop-down-r" id="header-enterprise-menu-img-pop-down" style="top: 45px; left: 0rem; right: 0px;"> <div class="nx-pop-down-content nx-pop-down-content-enterprise-menu nx-pop-down-content-img-enterprise-menu nx-header-login-popdown-choices"> <a href="https://www.sae.org/" class="nx-header-enterprise-menu-item"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-left nx-header-enterprise-chevron-icon"></i>Return to Homepage</a> <div class="nx-header-enterprise-menu-item-divider"></div> <a href="https://www.sae.org/" class="nx-header-enterprise-menu-item"> <i class="fa fa-check nx-header-enterprise-chevron-icon"></i>SAE International Website</a> <a href="https://mobilityrxiv.sae.org/" class="nx-header-enterprise-menu-item">SAE MobilityRxiv</a> <a href="https://saemobilus.sae.org" class="nx-header-enterprise-menu-item">SAE Mobilus</a> <a href="https://onque.sae.org/" class="nx-header-enterprise-menu-item">SAE OnQue</a> <a href="https://standardsworks.sae.org/" class="nx-header-enterprise-menu-item">SAE StandardsWorks</a> <div class="nx-header-enterprise-menu-item-divider"></div> <div class="nx-header-enterprise-sae-menu"> <a class="nx-header-enterprise-menu-sae-logo" href="https://www.sae.org/"> <img src="/webfiles/1724928875639/images/sae-international-logo.png" alt="SAE International"></a> <div class="nx-header-enterprise-sae-menu-links"> <div class="nx-small"><a href="https://www.sae.org/about/">About</a></div> <div class="nx-small"><a href="https://www.sae.org/about/contact/">Contact</a></div> <div class="nx-small"><a href="https://www.sae.org/about/legal-policies">Legal &amp; Policies</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nx-header-top-nav-item nx-pop-down-wrapper"> <a class="nx-pop-down-trigger" data-pop-down-id="header-enterprise-menu-pop-down"> <i class="fa fa-angle-down nx-header-user-menu-enterprise-icon"></i> </a> <div class="nx-pop-down nx-pop-down-r" id="header-enterprise-menu-pop-down" style="top: 24px; left: 0rem; right: 0px;"> <div class="nx-pop-down-content nx-pop-down-content-enterprise-menu nx-header-login-popdown-choices"> <a href="https://www.sae.org/" class="nx-header-enterprise-menu-item"> <i class="fa fa-arrow-left nx-header-enterprise-chevron-icon"></i>Return to Homepage</a> <div class="nx-header-enterprise-menu-item-divider"></div> <a href="https://www.sae.org/" class="nx-header-enterprise-menu-item"> <i class="fa fa-check nx-header-enterprise-chevron-icon"></i>SAE International Website</a> <a href="https://mobilityrxiv.sae.org/" class="nx-header-enterprise-menu-item">SAE MobilityRxiv</a> <a href="https://saemobilus.sae.org" class="nx-header-enterprise-menu-item">SAE Mobilus</a> <a href="https://onque.sae.org/" class="nx-header-enterprise-menu-item">SAE OnQue</a> <a href="https://standardsworks.sae.org/" class="nx-header-enterprise-menu-item">SAE StandardsWorks</a> <div class="nx-header-enterprise-menu-item-divider"></div> <div class="nx-header-enterprise-sae-menu"> <a class="nx-header-enterprise-menu-sae-logo" href="https://www.sae.org/"> <img src="/webfiles/1724928875639/images/sae-international-logo.png" alt="SAE International"></a> <div class="nx-header-enterprise-sae-menu-links"> <div class="nx-small"><a href="https://www.sae.org/about/">About</a></div> <div class="nx-small"><a href="https://www.sae.org/about/contact/">Contact</a></div> <div class="nx-small"><a href="https://www.sae.org/about/legal-policies">Legal &amp; Policies</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <ul class="nx-header-top-nav-list"> <li class="nx-header-top-nav-item"> <a href="https://saemobilus.sae.org" class="nx-logo nx-logo-nav nx-header-logo" style="padding: 17px;"> <img class="nx-logo nx-logo-img nx-header-logo-img" src="/webfiles/1724928875639/images/sae_mobilus_rgb_pos.svg" alt="SAE Mobilus®" width="121" height="19"> </a> </li> <li class="nx-header-top-nav-item"> <a href="/servlets/MaintainCartServlet?REQUEST_TYPE=MaintainCart" class="nx-header-top-nav-link nx-header-nav-cart-link"> <i class="fa fa-shopping-cart nx-header-nav-cart"></i> <span class="nx-header-cart-count">0</span> <span class="nx-header-cart-text nx-hide-tablet-down">Cart</span> </a> </li> <li class="nx-header-top-nav-item nx-pop-down-wrapper"> <a class="nx-header-top-nav-link nx-header-user-menu-link nx-pop-down-trigger" data-pop-down-id="header-login-pop-down"> <i class="fa fa fa-user nx-header-user-icon"></i> <i class="fa fa fa-sign-in nx-header-user-icon nx-hide-notebook-up"></i> <span class="nx-hide-tablet-down">Log In</span> <i class="fa fa-angle-down nx-header-user-menu-icon"></i> </a> <div class="nx-pop-down nx-pop-down-highlight nx-pop-down-r nx-header-user-menu-link-pop-down" id="header-login-pop-down"> <div class="nx-pop-down-tip"></div> <div class="nx-pop-down-content nx-header-login-popdown-choices"> <a class="nx-button nx-button-secondary nx-button-sm" href="/servlets/registration?OBJECT_TYPE=Registration&amp;PAGE=mainPage&amp;REQUEST_FROM=REGISTRATION">Create Account</a> <a class="nx-button nx-button-add-cart nx-button-sm" href="/servlets/login">Log In</a> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nx-header-top-nav-item nx-hide-notebook-up"> <a class="nx-header-top-nav-link nx-header-mobile-search-link"> <i class="fa fa-search nx-header-search-icon nx-animate-search-reserve" title="Search" aria-hidden="true"></i> <i class="fa fa-search nx-header-search-icon nx-animate-search" title="Search"></i> </a> </li> <li class="nx-header-top-nav-item nx-hide-notebook-up"> <a class="nx-header-top-nav-link nx-header-mobile-menu-link"> <img class="nx-header-mobile-menu-icon" src="/webfiles/1724928875639/images/mobile-menu-icon.svg" alt="Mobile Menu"/> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="nx-header-bottom-nav"> <div class="nx-header-bottom-nav-left-shape-wrapper"> <svg height="70" width="30" class="nx-header-bottom-nav-left-shape"> <polygon points="0,20 12,0 30,0 30,70"/> </svg> </div> <div class="nx-header-bottom-nav-right"> <div class="has-edit-button"> <ul class="nx-header-bottom-nav-list"> <li class="nx-header-bottom-nav-item nx-header-bottom-nav-has-sub-nav"> <a class="nx-header-bottom-nav-link" href="/standards" data-link-type="primaryNav:menuBar" data-link-text="standards"> <i class="fa fa-angle-left nx-header-bottom-nav-link-selected-icon"></i>Standards </a> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-menu"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-tip"></div> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-row"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-col"> <h5 class="nx-header-sub-nav-title">Standards</h5> <ul class="nx-header-sub-nav-list"> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/standards" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="standards:browse standards">Browse Standards</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/standards/development" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="standards:standards development">Standards Development</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="https://standardsworks.sae.org/" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="standards:standardsworks">StandardsWorks</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/onque-digital-standards" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="standards:onque™ digital standards system">OnQue™ Digital Standards System</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-col"> <h5 class="nx-header-sub-nav-title">SAE Mobilus®</h5> <ul class="nx-header-sub-nav-list"> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/collections/content/mobilus-trial/trial/" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="sae mobilus®:try sae mobilus">Try SAE Mobilus</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="https://www.saemobilus.org/" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="sae mobilus®:learn more">Learn More</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="https://saemobilus.sae.org/" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="sae mobilus®:log in">Log In</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nx-header-bottom-nav-item nx-header-bottom-nav-has-sub-nav"> <a class="nx-header-bottom-nav-link" href="/publications" data-link-type="primaryNav:menuBar" data-link-text="publications"> <i class="fa fa-angle-left nx-header-bottom-nav-link-selected-icon"></i>Publications </a> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-menu"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-tip"></div> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-row"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-col"> <h5 class="nx-header-sub-nav-title">Publications</h5> <ul class="nx-header-sub-nav-list"> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/publications" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="publications:browse publications">Browse Publications</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/publications/subscriptions" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="publications:subscriptions">Subscriptions</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/publications/collections" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="publications:collections">Collections</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/publications/edge-research-reports" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="publications:edge research reports">EDGE Research Reports</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/publications/journals" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="publications:journals">Journals</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/publications/books" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="publications:books">Books</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/news/magazines" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="publications:magazines">Magazines</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/publications/technical-papers" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="publications:technical papers">Technical Papers</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nx-header-bottom-nav-item nx-header-bottom-nav-has-sub-nav"> <a class="nx-header-bottom-nav-link" href="/news" data-link-type="primaryNav:menuBar" data-link-text="news"> <i class="fa fa-angle-left nx-header-bottom-nav-link-selected-icon"></i>News </a> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-menu"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-tip"></div> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-row"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-col"> <h5 class="nx-header-sub-nav-title">News</h5> <ul class="nx-header-sub-nav-list"> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/blog" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="news:sae blog">SAE Blog</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/news/press-room" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="news:press room">Press Room</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/news/video" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="news:videos">Videos</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/webcasts" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="news:webcasts">Webcasts</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/podcasts/tomorrow-today" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="news:podcasts">Podcasts</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/smartbrief" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="news:sae smartbrief">SAE SmartBrief</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nx-header-bottom-nav-item nx-header-bottom-nav-has-sub-nav"> <a class="nx-header-bottom-nav-link" href="/attend" data-link-type="primaryNav:menuBar" data-link-text="attend"> <i class="fa fa-angle-left nx-header-bottom-nav-link-selected-icon"></i>Attend </a> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-menu"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-tip"></div> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-row"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-col"> <h5 class="nx-header-sub-nav-title">Events</h5> <ul class="nx-header-sub-nav-list"> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/attend" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="events:sae events">SAE Events</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/attend/live-digital-events" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="events:digital events">Digital Events</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/attend/student-events" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="events:university programs">University Programs</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nx-header-bottom-nav-item nx-header-bottom-nav-has-sub-nav"> <a class="nx-header-bottom-nav-link" href="/learn" data-link-type="primaryNav:menuBar" data-link-text="learn"> <i class="fa fa-angle-left nx-header-bottom-nav-link-selected-icon"></i>Learn </a> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-menu"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-tip"></div> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-row"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-col"> <h5 class="nx-header-sub-nav-title">Professional Development</h5> <ul class="nx-header-sub-nav-list"> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/learn/professional-development" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="professional development:browse courses">Browse Courses</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/learn/professional-development/certifications" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="professional development:certificate programs">Certificate Programs</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/learn/professional-development/corporate-learning" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="professional development:corporate learning">Corporate Learning</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/learn/professional-development/gdt" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="professional development:gd&t training">GD&amp;T Training</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/learn/professional-development/learning-center" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="professional development:sae learning center">SAE Learning Center</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/learn/professional-development/sae-innoenergy-battery-academy" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="professional development:sae/innoenergy battery academy">SAE/InnoEnergy Battery Academy</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-col"> <h5 class="nx-header-sub-nav-title">A World in Motion (PreK-12)</h5> <ul class="nx-header-sub-nav-list"> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/learn/education" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="a world in motion (prek-12):overview">Overview</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/learn/education/primary-curriculum" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="a world in motion (prek-12):browse curriculum">Browse Curriculum</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/learn/education/a-world-in-motion-teachers" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="a world in motion (prek-12):teachers">Teachers</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/learn/education/a-world-in-motion-volunteers" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="a world in motion (prek-12):volunteers">Volunteers</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/learn/education/special-initiatives" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="a world in motion (prek-12):special initiatives">Special Initiatives</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/learn/education/stem-at-home" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="a world in motion (prek-12):stem@home">STEM@Home</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nx-header-bottom-nav-item nx-header-bottom-nav-has-sub-nav"> <a class="nx-header-bottom-nav-link" href="/participate" data-link-type="primaryNav:menuBar" data-link-text="participate"> <i class="fa fa-angle-left nx-header-bottom-nav-link-selected-icon"></i>Participate </a> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-menu"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-tip"></div> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-row"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-col"> <h5 class="nx-header-sub-nav-title">Participate with SAE</h5> <ul class="nx-header-sub-nav-list"> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/participate/volunteer" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="participate with sae:volunteer">Volunteer</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/participate/volunteer/author" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="participate with sae:author">Author</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/participate/scholarships" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="participate with sae:scholarships">Scholarships</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/participate/awards" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="participate with sae:awards">Awards</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="https://sustainablecareers.sae.org/" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="participate with sae:sustainable mobility career center">Sustainable Mobility Career Center</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nx-header-bottom-nav-item nx-header-bottom-nav-has-sub-nav"> <a class="nx-header-bottom-nav-link" href="/participate/membership" data-link-type="primaryNav:menuBar" data-link-text="membership"> <i class="fa fa-angle-left nx-header-bottom-nav-link-selected-icon"></i>Membership </a> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-menu"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-tip"></div> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-row"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-col"> <h5 class="nx-header-sub-nav-title">SAE Membership</h5> <ul class="nx-header-sub-nav-list"> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/participate/membership-community-engagement" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="sae membership:join">Join</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/participate/membership/renew" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="sae membership:renew">Renew</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/participate/membership/benefits" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="sae membership:benefits">Benefits</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/participate/membership/join" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="sae membership:membership options">Membership Options</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/participate/membership/fellows" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="sae membership:fellows">Fellows</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="https://connexionplus.sae.org/home" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="sae membership:sae connexion+">SAE Connexion+</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/participate/membership/sections" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="sae membership:local sections">Local Sections</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/participate/membership/student-transfer" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="sae membership:new graduate">New Graduate</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/participate/membership/collegiate-chapters" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="sae membership:collegiate chapters">Collegiate Chapters</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nx-header-bottom-nav-item nx-header-bottom-nav-has-sub-nav"> <a class="nx-header-bottom-nav-link" href="/donate" data-link-type="primaryNav:menuBar" data-link-text="donate"> <i class="fa fa-angle-left nx-header-bottom-nav-link-selected-icon"></i>Donate </a> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-menu"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-tip"></div> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-row"> <div class="nx-header-sub-nav-col"> <h5 class="nx-header-sub-nav-title">Donate</h5> <ul class="nx-header-sub-nav-list"> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="/donate" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="donate:donate to sae">Donate to SAE</a></li> <li class="nx-header-sub-nav-list-item"><a href="http://saefoundation.org/" data-link-type="primaryNav:sub" data-link-text="donate:sae foundation">SAE Foundation</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="nx-header-bottom-nav-item nx-header-search"> <a class="nx-header-bottom-nav-link nx-header-search-closer" data-link-type='primaryNav:closeSearchIcon' data-link-text='close-search-icon'><i class="fa fa-close nx-header-search-icon" title="Close Search"></i></a> <a class="nx-header-bottom-nav-link nx-header-search-closer-mobile"><i class="fa fa-close nx-header-search-icon" title="Close Search"></i></a> <div class="nx-header-search-bar-wrap"> <div class="nx-header-search-bar"> <div class="nx-header-search-type-select"><a href="#header">Search All <i class="fa fa-angle-down nx-header-user-menu-icon"></i></a></div> <form action="https://www.sae.org/search/" name="searchForm" id="searchForm" style="width:100%;"> <input type="text" id="header-search" name="qt" class="nx-header-search-input" placeholder="Search..." /> </form> </div> </div> <button class="nx-header-bottom-nav-link nx-header-search-button" onclick="document.getElementById('searchForm').submit();"> <i class="fa fa-search nx-header-search-icon" title="Search"></i> </button> <a class="nx-header-bottom-nav-link nx-header-search-opener" data-link-type='primaryNav:searchIcon' data-link-text='search-icon'><i class="fa fa-search nx-header-search-icon" title="Search"></i></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </header> </div> <div> <div> <div class="nx-hero nx-hero-events nx-hero-hug-header nx-hero-dark nx-hero-resp-img nx-hero-phn-img" style="background-image:url('/binaries/content/gallery/cm/hero/publications/hero-image.jpg/hero-image.jpg/cm%3Ahero')"> <div class="nx-hero nx-hero-info-wrapper nx-hero-phn-img" style="background-image:url('/binaries/content/gallery/cm/hero/publications/hero-image.jpg/hero-image.jpg/cm%3AHeroMobile');"> <div class="nx-hero-info-wrapper" style="background-image:url('/binaries/content/gallery/cm/hero/publications/hero-image.jpg/hero-image.jpg/cm%3Aphone');"> <div class="nx-hero-info"> <div class="nx-hero-event-details"> <h1 style="text-align:center">SAE Technical Papers</h1> <p style="text-align:center">Cutting-Edge and Historical Research Articles for Industry &amp; Academic Institutions</p> <p style="text-align:center"><a class="nx-cta nx-button nx-button-hero-primary" data-link-text="contact us" data-link-type="cta" href="https://www.sae.org/publications/technical-papers#contact" style="max-width: 200px; margin: 0 .325rem .75rem; width: 100%;">Contact Us </a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<a class="nx-cta nx-button nx-button-primary" data-link-text="library recommendation form" data-link-type="cta" href="https://www.sae.org/participate/volunteer/author" style="max-width: 200px; margin: 0 .325rem .75rem; width: 100%;" target="_blank">Become an Author</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="nx-hero-actions"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="nx-herocard__container nx-herocard__top-pad"> <p> <style type="text/css">.nx-hero::after { content: ""; position: absolute; height: 100%; width: 100%; background: rgb(0,0,0,0.3); z-index: 1; top: 0; left: 0; } .nx-hero-info-wrapper { z-index: 2; } @media only screen and (max-width: 600px) { .nx-hero-info-wrapper { justify-content: center!important; } } </style> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nx-tab-nav"> <div id="tab-1-container" class="nx-sub-nav-container nx-tab-content nx-tab-content-active"> <div class="nx-content nx-content-pad-m-tb"> <section class="nx-blocked-row "> <div class="nx-blocked"> <article class="has-edit-button"> <h4 class="nx-h4 nx-h-unstyled nx-h-h4"></h4> <p class="nx-p"> <h1 style="text-align: center;">Navigate Engineering Challenges with The Latest Advances in Mobility Research</h1> </p> <p style="text-align: center;">Supporting the automotive, aerospace, and commercial vehicle sectors, SAE Technical Papers help guide engineers, designers, and researchers through their project challenges and establish leadership in a competitive landscape. Utilize basic and applied research side-by-side to guide design, implementation, and safety decisions.</p> <p style="text-align: center;">Search current and historical research to define best practices and strategies. From combustion processes to simulation and modeling to test procedures, Technical Papers contain in-depth test results, comparative studies, and methodologies on a variety of topics including connected and automated vehicles, accident reconstruction, environmental impact and emissions, energy efficiency and fuels, and more.</p> </article> </div> </section> <section class="nx-blocked-row "> <div class="nx-blocked"> <article class="has-edit-button"> <h4 class="nx-h4 nx-h-unstyled nx-h-h4"></h4> <p class="nx-p"> </p> <section class="nx-blocked-row nx-blocked-3col-third nx-bkg-light-gray"> <div class="nx-blocked-title"> <h2 style="text-align: center;">The Benefits of a Technical Paper Subscription</h2> <p style="text-align: center;">Subscribers receive access to a continually updated library of papers that empower engineers to advance their work.</p> </div> <div class="nx-blocked"> <article class="has-edit-button"> <h2 style="text-align: center;"><img width="300/" src="/binaries/content/gallery/cm/content/publications/journals/scholarly-journals/trusted-knowledge-source.jpg" /></h2> <p class="nx-p" style="text-align: center;"><strong>A Trusted Knowledge Source</strong></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><br /> SAE's Technical Papers are all peer reviewed by leading industry experts to ensure high quality and dependable information for your organization.</p> </article> </div> <div class="nx-blocked"> <article class="has-edit-button"> <h2 style="text-align: center;"><img width="300/" src="/binaries/content/gallery/cm/content/publications/journals/scholarly-journals/speed-discovery.jpg" /></h2> <p class="nx-p" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Speed Discovery</strong></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><br /> Subscribers quickly access knowledge through the SAE Mobilus® platform, with less time wasted searching and fewer dead ends on projects.</p> </article> </div> <div class="nx-blocked"> <article class="has-edit-button"> <h2 style="text-align: center;"><img width="300/" src="/binaries/content/gallery/cm/content/publications/journals/scholarly-journals/coverage-in-emerging-topics.jpg" /></h2> <p class="nx-p" style="text-align: center;"><strong>Coverage in Emerging Topics</strong></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><br /> Working in advanced applications like battery development, vehicle automation, and aerospace materials? Find cutting-edge applied research, with new papers added throughout the year.</p> </article> </div> </section> </article> </div> </section> <div id="papers-list-395195720" data-title="Discover the Latest Technical Papers" data-limit="5"></div> <section class="nx-blocked-row nx-blocked-2col-half "> <div class="nx-blocked"> <article class="has-edit-button"> <h4 class="nx-h4 nx-h-unstyled nx-h-h4"></h4> <p class="nx-p"> </p> <p style="text-align: right;">&nbsp;</p> <p><font color="#005195" size="6" style="line-height: 40px;">Showcase Your Expertise &amp; Become an Author</font></p> <p>Industry experts and world-renowned university researchers write, review, and publish technical papers exclusive to SAE every year. Become part of the future and submit your technical research today. SAE accepts technical papers for presentation at SAE conferences, as well as written-only non-event papers.</p> </article> </div> <div class="nx-blocked"> <article class="has-edit-button"> <h4 class="nx-h4 nx-h-unstyled nx-h-h4"></h4> <p class="nx-p"> </p> <div class="nx-grid nx-grid-responsive nx-grid-tight" style="background-color:#FFFFFF"> <div class="nx-row"> <div class="nx-col"> <div class="nx-card-content nx-bkg-charcoal" style="background-image:url('https://www.sae.org/binaries/content/gallery/cm/content/publications/technical-papers/exhibit-floor.png')"> <div class="nx-card-header"> <div class="nx-card-body"> <div class="nx-card-brief"> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><u><a class="nx-color-white" href="https://www.sae.org/participate/volunteer/author/event-paper-process" target="_blank"><font size="6.5">SAE Event Papers</font></a></u></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nx-col"> <div class="nx-card-content nx-bkg-charcoal" style="background-image:url(' https://www.sae.org/binaries/content/gallery/cm/content/publications/technical-papers/technical.png')"> <div class="nx-card-header"> <div class="nx-card-body"> <div class="nx-card-brief"> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><u><a class="nx-color-white" href="https://www.sae.org/participate/volunteer/author/nonevent-technical-papers" target="_blank"><font size="6.5">SAE Non-Event Papers</font></a></u></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <div class="nx-herocard__container"> <div class="pricing-table"> <h2 style="text-align: center;">Support Your Team with Technical Research</h2> <h4 style="text-align: center;">Access subscriptions via SAE Mobilus® technical resource platform</h4> <table> <tbody> <tr class="main-header"> <th>&nbsp;</th> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Small Business</th> <th style="text-align: center;">Large Enterprise</th> </tr> <tr class="sub-header"> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>TechSelect</td> <td>Specialty Collections</td> <td>Technical Paper Database</td> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 15%;">Access Type</td> <td style="width: 25%;">Preview access of Technical Paper Database</td> <td style="width: 25%;">Full access to specific topic/technology</td> <td style="width: 25%;">Full access to more than 117,000 full-text technical papers</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Content</td> <td>Download only what you need from SAE's Technical Paper Database</td> <td>Topics include Advanced Hybrid &amp; Electric Vehicle Powertrains, Accident Reconstruction Technology, Occupant Protection &amp; Crashworthiness Technology, and more.</td> <td>SAE Technical Papers from 1906 to present as well as correlating records (including abstracts)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Subscription Option</td> <td>Choose between 10, 20, 35 or 50 downloads a year</td> <td>Perpetual access or Online subscription</td> <td>Unlimited downloads</td> </tr> <tr> <td id="mobilus" name="mobilus">SAE Mobilus Feature</td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align: center;">Search by keywords, document numbers, titles, etc.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> <section class="nx-blocked-row "> <div class="nx-blocked"> <article class="has-edit-button"> <div class="nx-content nx-content-pad-l-lr"> <div class="nx-form-header"> <h3 class="nx-h3">Subscribe to SAE Technical Papers</h3> <p class="nx-p"><p><a id="contact" name="contact"></a></p><p>Access 117,000+ full-text preeminent, cutting-edge, and historical research articles for industry and academic use, with a range of custom pricing options. Start a conversation with our sales team to build your subscription package today.</p></p> </div> <div class="nx-form "> <div class="nx-form-body"> <div class="nx-form-wrap-marketo"> <script src="//go.sae.org/js/forms2/js/forms2.min.js"></script> <form id="mktoForm_1977"></form> <script>MktoForms2.loadForm("//go.sae.org", "525-RCG-129", 1977);</script> <script> MktoForms2.whenReady(function(mktoForm){ console.log("testing"); var refUrl = location.href; console.log("Location href - " +refUrl); mktoForm.addHiddenFields({ lastFormReferrerURL: refUrl }); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="has-edit-button"> <footer class="nx-footer"> <div class="nx-footer-navs"> <nav class="nx-footer-nav-left"> <div class="nx-footer-cols"> <div class="nx-footer-col"> <h6 class="nx-footer-list-title">Standards &amp; Publications</h6> <ul class="nx-footer-list"> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="https://saemobilus.sae.org/" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="sae mobilus">SAE MOBILUS</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/standards" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="standards">Standards</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="https://standardsworks.sae.org/" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="standardsworks">StandardsWorks</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/publications/edge-research-reports" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="edge research reports">EDGE Research Reports</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/publications/journals" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="scholarly journals">Scholarly Journals</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/mobilityrxiv" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="sae mobilityrxiv®">SAE MobilityRxiv®</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/publications/books" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="books">Books</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/publications/technical-papers" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="technical papers">Technical Papers</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/standards/reading-room" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="sae reading room">SAE Reading Room</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="nx-footer-col"> <h6 class="nx-footer-list-title">News &amp; Information</h6> <ul class="nx-footer-list"> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/news" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="news">News</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/news/magazines" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="magazines">Magazines</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/news/press-room" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="sae press room">SAE Press Room</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/at-home" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="sae@home video series">SAE@Home Video Series</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/roundtable-series" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="roundtable series">Roundtable Series</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/smartbrief" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="sae smartbrief">SAE SmartBrief</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/podcasts" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="podcasts">Podcasts</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/news/video" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="video">Video</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="nx-footer-connect"> <h6 class="nx-footer-list-title">Connect</h6> <ul class="nx-footer-icon-list nx-list-inlined"> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/SAEInternational/" target="_blank" class="nx-footer-icon-link" data-link-type="footer:social" data-link-text="facebook" data-link-url="https://www.facebook.com/SAEInternational/"> <i class="nx-footer-connect-icon fa fa-facebook-official fa-2x fa-fw" title="Facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="https://twitter.com/SAEIntl" target="_blank" class="nx-footer-icon-link" data-link-type="footer:social" data-link-text="twitter" data-link-url="https://twitter.com/SAEIntl"> <i class="nx-footer-connect-icon fa fa-twitter fa-2x fa-fw" title="Twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/25098/" target="_blank" class="nx-footer-icon-link" data-link-type="footer:social" data-link-text="linkedIn" data-link-url="https://www.linkedin.com/company/25098/"> <i class="nx-footer-connect-icon fa fa-linkedin fa-2x fa-fw" title="LinkedIn" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav class="nx-footer-nav-middle"> <div class="nx-footer-cols"> <div class="nx-footer-col"> <h6 class="nx-footer-list-title">Events</h6> <ul class="nx-footer-list"> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/attend" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="sae events">SAE Events</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/attend/live-digital-events" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="digital events">Digital Events</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/attend/meetups" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="meet-ups">Meet-ups</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/attend/demo-days" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="demo days">Demo Days</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/attend/student-events" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="student events">Student Events</a> </li> </ul> &nbsp; <h6 class="nx-footer-list-title">Education</h6> <ul class="nx-footer-list"> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/learn/professional-development" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="professional development">Professional Development</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/learn/professional-development/certifications" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="certifications">Certifications</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/learn/professional-development/corporate-learning" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="corporate learning">Corporate Learning</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/learn/professional-development/sae-innoenergy-battery-academy" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="sae/innoenergy battery academy">SAE/InnoEnergy Battery Academy</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/learn/education" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="a world in motion">A World In Motion</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="nx-footer-col"> <h6 class="nx-footer-list-title">Participate with SAE</h6> <ul class="nx-footer-list"> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/participate/membership" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="membership">Membership</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/participate/membership/sections" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="sections">Sections</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="https://connexionplus.sae.org/home" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="sae connexion+">SAE Connexion+</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/participate/volunteer" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="volunteer">Volunteer</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/participate/volunteer/author" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="author">Author</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/participate/scholarships" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="scholarships">Scholarships</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/participate/awards" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="awards">Awards</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="https://careercenter.sae.org/" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="careers">Careers</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="http://saefoundation.org/" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="sae foundation">SAE Foundation</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="nx-footer-nav-right"> <div class="nx-footer-cols"> <div class="nx-footer-col"> <h6 class="nx-footer-list-title">About SAE</h6> <ul class="nx-footer-list"> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/about" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="mission & vision">Mission &amp; Vision</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/about/history" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="history">History</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/about/management" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="leadership">Leadership</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/about/leadership" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="board of directors">Board of Directors</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="https://www.sae.org/exempt/galleries/sae-presidents/index.html" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="sae presidents">SAE Presidents</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/dei" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="diversity, equity, and inclusion (dei)">Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI)</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/about/careers" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="careers at sae">Careers at SAE</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/about/legal-policies" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="legal & policies">Legal &amp; Policies</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="/about/contact" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="contact us">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="nx-footer-col"> <h6 class="nx-footer-list-title">Global Affiliates</h6> <ul class="nx-footer-list"> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="http://portal.saebrasil.org.br/" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="sae brasil">SAE Brasil</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="http://saeindia.org/" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="sae india">SAE India</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="http://www.sae.org.cn/" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="sae international in china">SAE International in China</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="https://www.p-r-i.org/" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="performance review institute (pri)">Performance Review Institute (PRI)</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="http://itc.sae.org/" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="sae industry technologies consortia">SAE Industry Technologies Consortia</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="https://www.saemediagroup.com/" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="sae media group">SAE Media Group</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="https://www.smgconferences.com/" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="smg conferencing">SMG Conferencing</a> </li> <li class="nx-footer-li"> <a href="https://sms.sae.org/" class="nx-footer-link" data-link-type="footer:page" data-link-text="sae sustainable mobility solutions">SAE Sustainable Mobility Solutions</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="nx-footer-copyright">©2024 SAE International. All rights reserved.</div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="nx-pop-downbox-styling"> <div class="nx-pop-downbox-tip"></div> <div class="nx-pop-downbox"> <div class="nx-pop-downbox-close"><i class="fa fa-times-circle-o" title="close"></i></div> <div class="nx-pop-downbox-content" id="nx-pop-downbox-content"></div> </div> </div> <a class="nx-modal-mask"></a> <div class="nx-modal"> <a class="nx-modal-close" title="Close">X</a> <div class="nx-modal-h"><h4 class="nx-h4 nx-h-unstyled nx-modal-title"></h4></div> <div class="nx-modal-c"></div> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="/assets/toolkit/scripts/toolkit.js?"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.config = { api_url: '/site/restservices/', base_url: '/' }; </script> <script src="/webfiles/1724928875639/ui/public/assets/scripts/main.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ window.SAE.initPapersList(document.getElementById('papers-list-395195720')); //]]> </script> <script>if (!digitalData) { var digitalData = {}; }digitalData.internal='Y';</script><!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PZ52PJB');</script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <!-- Google Consent Management start for sae.org--> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('set', 'developer_id.dNzMyY2', true); gtag('consent', 'default', {'analytics_storage': 'granted'}); gtag('consent', 'default', {'ad_storage': 'denied'}); </script> <!-- End Google Consent Management end sae.org--> <!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics --> <script> var tag = document.createElement("script"); tag.src = "https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-42341352-1"; tag.async=true; document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(tag); </script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-42341352-1'); </script> <!-- Munchin script start --><script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var didInit = false; function initMunchkin() { if(didInit === false) { didInit = true; Munchkin.init('525-RCG-129'); } } var s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.async = true; s.src = '//munchkin.marketo.net/munchkin.js'; s.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 'complete' || this.readyState == 'loaded') { initMunchkin(); } }; s.onload = initMunchkin; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(s); })(); </script><!-- Munchin script end --> <noscript> <iframe async="async" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PZ52PJB" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <script async="async" src="//www.sae.org/scripts/external/adroll.js?"></script><script async="async" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery-cookie/1.4.1/jquery.cookie.js"></script> <script src="/assets/toolkit/scripts/elastic-apm-rum.umd.min.js"></script> <script> var apm = elasticApm.init({ serviceName: 'saeorg', serverUrl: 'https://apm.sae.org', environment: 'prod', traceId: ' d97267f396810d5649f02d534b5cab21', pageLoadTransactionName: window.location.pathname }); apm.addLabels({'sae_session_id' : '60EA6B25E8B9DB48FCA3641398854B27'}); </script> <script id="cz"> var ChurnZero = ChurnZero || []; (function (a, b, c, d) { var cz = a.createElement(b); cz.type = c; cz.async = true; cz.src = d; var s = a.getElementsByTagName(b)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(cz, s); })(document, 'script', 'text/javascript', '//analytics.churnzero.net/churnzero.js'); ChurnZero.push(['setAppKey', '1!U0qZQ6cM-mqb-opi7g-yynjcGaxQj2ZVizd4qc4JxhYtDEA']); // AppKey from ChurnZero ChurnZero.push(['setContact', '1111111', 'no.user@sae.org']); </script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10