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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Field_of_play" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Field_of_play"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Field of play</span> </div> </a> <button 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vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rules and play subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rules_and_play-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Overview</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_game" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_game"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>The game</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Positions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Positions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Formations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goalkeepers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goalkeepers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Goalkeepers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goalkeepers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_play" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_play"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>General play</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_play-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Set_plays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Set_plays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Set plays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Set_plays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Free_hits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free_hits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Free hits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_hits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2009_experimental_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2009_experimental_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2</span> <span>2009 experimental changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2009_experimental_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Long_corner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Long_corner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3</span> <span>Long corner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Long_corner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penalty_corner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penalty_corner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.4</span> <span>Penalty corner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penalty_corner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Penalty_stroke" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Penalty_stroke"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.5</span> <span>Penalty stroke</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Penalty_stroke-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dangerous_play_and_raised_balls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dangerous_play_and_raised_balls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Dangerous play and raised balls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dangerous_play_and_raised_balls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warnings_and_suspensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warnings_and_suspensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Warnings and suspensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warnings_and_suspensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scoring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scoring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Scoring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scoring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rule_change_procedure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rule_change_procedure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>Rule change procedure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rule_change_procedure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_rules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_rules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Local rules</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_rules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Equipment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Field_hockey_stick" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Field_hockey_stick"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Field hockey stick</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Field_hockey_stick-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Field_hockey_ball" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Field_hockey_ball"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Field hockey ball</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Field_hockey_ball-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uniforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uniforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Uniforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uniforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Goalkeeping_equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Goalkeeping_equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Goalkeeping equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Goalkeeping_equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tactics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tactics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tactics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tactics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_competition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_competition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>International competition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_competition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indoor_field_hockey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indoor_field_hockey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Indoor field hockey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indoor_field_hockey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hockey5s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hockey5s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Hockey5s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hockey5s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Field hockey</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 86 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veldhokkie" title="Veldhokkie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Veldhokkie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%88%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86" title="هوكي الميدان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هوكي الميدان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A4oquei_sobre_yerba" title="Ḥoquei sobre yerba – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ḥoquei sobre yerba" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF" title="ফিল্ড হকি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফিল্ড হকি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D0%BB%D3%99%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%8B" title="Үлән хоккейы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Үлән хоккейы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Хакей на траве – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хакей на траве" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Хакей на траве – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хакей на траве" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Хокей на трева – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хокей на трева" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokej_na_travi" title="Hokej na travi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hokej na travi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoquei_sobre_herba" title="Hoquei sobre herba – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hoquei sobre herba" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozemn%C3%AD_hokej" title="Pozemní hokej – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pozemní hokej" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoci" title="Hoci – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hoci" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hockey" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hockey" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%A9%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%91%DE%B0_%DE%80%DE%AE%DE%86%DE%A9" title="ފީލްޑް ހޮކީ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފީލްޑް ހޮކީ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maahoki" title="Maahoki – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Maahoki" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CF%8C%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%8A_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%AF_%CF%87%CF%8C%CF%81%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Χόκεϊ επί χόρτου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χόκεϊ επί χόρτου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_sobre_c%C3%A9sped" title="Hockey sobre césped – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hockey sobre césped" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazonhokeo" title="Gazonhokeo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gazonhokeo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belar_hockey" title="Belar hockey – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Belar hockey" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%DA%86%D9%85%D9%86" title="هاکی روی چمن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هاکی روی چمن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_sur_gazon" title="Hockey sur gazon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hockey sur gazon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Hockey" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haca" title="Haca – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Haca" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cromanachd" title="Cromanachd – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cromanachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3ckey_sobre_herba" title="Hóckey sobre herba – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hóckey sobre herba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%80" title="હોકી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="હોકી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%84%EB%93%9C%ED%95%98%ED%82%A4" title="필드하키 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="필드하키" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%B2" title="Մականախաղ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մականախաղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="मैदानी हॉकी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मैदानी हॉकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokej_na_travi" title="Hokej na travi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hokej na travi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokeo_sur_feldo" title="Hokeo sur feldo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Hokeo sur feldo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoki_lapangan" title="Hoki lapangan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hoki lapangan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Hockey" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_sur_terre" title="Hockey sur terre – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Hockey sur terre" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokk%C3%AD" title="Hokkí – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hokkí" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_su_prato" title="Hockey su prato – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Hockey su prato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99_%D7%A9%D7%93%D7%94" title="הוקי שדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הוקי שדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%98" title="ბალახის ჰოკეი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბალახის ჰოკეი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokiya_ser_%C3%A7%C3%AEmen%C3%AA" title="Hokiya ser çîmenê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Hokiya ser çîmenê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauka_hokejs" title="Lauka hokejs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lauka hokejs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Hockey" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDol%C4%97s_riedulys" title="Žolės riedulys – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žolės riedulys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Hockey" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoci_de_campo" title="Hoci de campo – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Hoci de campo" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyeplabda" title="Gyeplabda – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gyeplabda" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%98_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Хокеј на трева – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хокеј на трева" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF" title="ഹോക്കി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹോക്കി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="हॉकी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हॉकी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoki_padang" title="Hoki padang – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hoki padang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Хоккей – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хоккей" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hockey" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%9B%E3%83%83%E3%82%B1%E3%83%BC" title="フィールドホッケー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フィールドホッケー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landhockey" title="Landhockey – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Landhockey" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landhockey" title="Landhockey – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Landhockey" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oquei_pelena" title="Oquei pelena – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Oquei pelena" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Шудо хоккей – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Шудо хоккей" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chim_ustida_xokkey" title="Chim ustida xokkey – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Chim ustida xokkey" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80" title="ਮੈਦਾਨੀ ਹਾਕੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਦਾਨੀ ਹਾਕੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88_%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="فیلڈ ہاکی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فیلڈ ہاکی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokej_na_trawie" title="Hokej na trawie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hokej na trawie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3quei_em_campo" title="Hóquei em campo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hóquei em campo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochei_pe_iarb%C4%83" title="Hochei pe iarbă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hochei pe iarbă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hockey_sin_terren" title="Hockey sin terren – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Hockey sin terren" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5" title="Хоккей на траве – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хоккей на траве" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱦᱚᱠᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱚᱠᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Field hockey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozemn%C3%BD_hokej" title="Pozemný hokej – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pozemný hokej" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokej_na_travi" title="Hokej na travi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hokej na travi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%98_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Хокеј на трави – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хокеј на трави" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokej_na_travi" title="Hokej na travi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hokej na travi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maahockey" title="Maahockey – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Maahockey" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landhockey" title="Landhockey – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Landhockey" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வளைதடிப் பந்தாட்டம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வளைதடிப் பந்தாட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%80%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%B4%D3%99%D0%B3%D0%B5_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Чирәмдәге хоккей – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Чирәмдәге хоккей" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%80" title="మైదాన హాకీ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మైదాన హాకీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adau_(adi%C9%9B%C9%9Br)" title="Adau (adiɛɛr) – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Adau (adiɛɛr)" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B9%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ಹಾಕಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಹಾಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87im_hokeyi" title="Çim hokeyi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çim hokeyi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Хокей на траві – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хокей на траві" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DA%88_%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="فیلڈ ہاکی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فیلڈ ہاکی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%BAc_c%C3%B4n_c%E1%BA%A7u_tr%C3%AAn_c%E1%BB%8F" title="Khúc côn cầu trên cỏ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khúc côn cầu trên cỏ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Team sport played with sticks and a spherical ball</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the team sport played on fields using a round hockeyball. For the overall family of sports involving sticks and goals, see <a href="/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey">Hockey</a>. For the team contact sport played on ice, see <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output 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padding-right:1.0em;">Highest <a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">governing body</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Hockey_Federation" title="International Hockey Federation">International Hockey Federation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">First played</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">19th-century England</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Contact</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Contact_sport#Limited-contact" title="Contact sport">Limited</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Team members</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">10 outfield players and 1 goalkeeper drawn from a squad of 17</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Outdoor and indoor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Equipment</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Hockey ball, hockey stick, mouthguard, shin guards and goalkeeper kit</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Presence</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics" title="1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>, <a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920</a>, <a href="/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics" title="1928 Summer Olympics">1928</a>–<a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Field hockey at the Summer Olympics">present</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Field hockey</b> (or simply <b>hockey</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">team sport</a> structured in standard <a href="/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey">hockey</a> format, in which each team plays with 11 players in total, made up of 10 field players and a goalkeeper. Teams must move a <a href="/wiki/Hockey_ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Hockey ball">hockey ball</a> around a field by hitting it with a <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_stick" title="Field hockey stick">hockey stick</a> towards the rival team's shooting circle and then into the <a href="/wiki/Goal_(sports)" title="Goal (sports)">goal</a>. The match is won by the team that scores the most goals. Matches are played on grass, watered turf, <a href="/wiki/Artificial_turf" title="Artificial turf">artificial turf</a>, or indoor boarded surface. </p><p>The stick is made of wood, <a href="/wiki/Carbon_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon fibre">carbon fibre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fibreglass" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibreglass">fibreglass</a> and carbon, or a combination of carbon fibre and fibreglass in different quantities. The stick has two sides; one rounded and one flat; only the flat face of the stick is allowed to progress the ball. During play, goalkeepers are the only players allowed to touch the ball with any part of their body. A player's hand is considered part of the stick if holding the stick. If the ball is "played" with the rounded part of the stick (i.e., deliberately stopped or hit), it will result in a penalty (accidental touches are not an offence if they do not materially affect play). Goalkeepers often have a different design of stick; they also cannot play the ball with the round side of their stick. </p><p>The modern game was developed at <a href="/wiki/Independent_school_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent school (United Kingdom)">public schools</a> in 19th-century England and it is now played globally.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The governing body is the <a href="/wiki/International_Hockey_Federation" title="International Hockey Federation">International Hockey Federation</a> (FIH), called the <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Fédération Internationale de Hockey</i></span> in French. Men and women are represented internationally in competitions including the <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Field hockey at the Summer Olympics">Olympic Games</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hockey_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Hockey World Cup">World Cup</a>, <a href="/wiki/FIH_Pro_League_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="FIH Pro League (disambiguation)">FIH Pro League</a>, <a href="/wiki/Junior_Hockey_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Junior Hockey World Cup">Junior World Cup</a> and in past also <a href="/wiki/FIH_Hockey_World_League" class="mw-redirect" title="FIH Hockey World League">World League</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hockey_Champions_Trophy" title="Hockey Champions Trophy">Champions Trophy</a>. Many countries run extensive junior, senior, and masters club competitions. The FIH is also responsible for organizing the <a href="/wiki/Hockey_Rules_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Hockey Rules Board">Hockey Rules Board</a> and developing the <a href="/wiki/Sport_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport rule">sport's rules</a>. </p><p>The sport is known simply as <i>hockey</i> in countries where it is the more common form of hockey. The term <i>field hockey</i> is used primarily in Canada and the United States, where <i>hockey</i> more often refers to <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a>. In Sweden and Finland, the term <i><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">landhockey</i></span></i> and <i><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">maahockey</i></span></i> respectively are used, translating to "ground" hockey in opposition to the more standard ice hockey variant. A popular variant is <a href="/wiki/Indoor_field_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoor field hockey">indoor field hockey</a>, which differs in a number of respects while embodying the primary principles of hockey. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_field_hockey" title="History of field hockey">History of field hockey</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_pentelic_marble_%22Ball_Players%22_510-500_BC,_NAMA_3476_102587.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Relief_pentelic_marble_%22Ball_Players%22_510-500_BC%2C_NAMA_3476_102587.jpg/300px-Relief_pentelic_marble_%22Ball_Players%22_510-500_BC%2C_NAMA_3476_102587.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Relief_pentelic_marble_%22Ball_Players%22_510-500_BC%2C_NAMA_3476_102587.jpg/450px-Relief_pentelic_marble_%22Ball_Players%22_510-500_BC%2C_NAMA_3476_102587.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Relief_pentelic_marble_%22Ball_Players%22_510-500_BC%2C_NAMA_3476_102587.jpg/600px-Relief_pentelic_marble_%22Ball_Players%22_510-500_BC%2C_NAMA_3476_102587.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3201" data-file-height="2091" /></a><figcaption>Relief of <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 510 BC</span> depicting <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greek</a> players of <i><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">kerētízein</i></span></i>, an ancestral form of hockey or <a href="/wiki/Ground_billiards" title="Ground billiards">ground billiards</a>; in the <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum,_Athens" title="National Archaeological Museum, Athens">National Archaeological Museum, Athens</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/International_Hockey_Federation" title="International Hockey Federation">International Hockey Federation</a> (FIH), "the roots of hockey are buried deep in antiquity".<sup id="cite_ref-hoh_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoh-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are historical records which suggest early forms of hockey were played in Egypt and Persia <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2000 BC</span>, and in Ethiopia <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1000 BC</span>. Later evidence suggest that the ancient Greeks, Romans and Aztecs all played hockey-like games.<sup id="cite_ref-hoh_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hoh-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Ancient Egypt</a>, there is a depiction of two figures playing with sticks and ball in the <a href="/wiki/Beni_Hasan" title="Beni Hasan">Beni Hasan</a> tomb of Khety, an administrator of <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">Dynasty XI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stein_&_Rubino_2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stein_&_Rubino_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a>, there is a similar image dated <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 510 BC</span>, which may have been called <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Κερητίζειν</span></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">kerētízein</i></span>) because it was played with a horn (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">κέρας</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">kéras</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a>) and a ball.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Researchers disagree over how to interpret this image. It could have been a team or one-on-one activity (the depiction shows two active players, and other figures who may be team-mates awaiting a face-off, or non-players waiting for their turn at play). Billiards historians Stein and Rubino believe it was among the games ancestral to lawn-and-field games like hockey and <a href="/wiki/Ground_billiards" title="Ground billiards">ground billiards</a>, and near-identical depictions appear in later European <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminated manuscripts</a> and other works of the 14th through 17th centuries, showing contemporary <a href="/wiki/Courtier" title="Courtier">courtly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clerical</a> life.<sup id="cite_ref-Stein_&_Rubino_2008_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stein_&_Rubino_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>, a similar game was entertained, using a carved wooden stick and ball, prior to 300 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Daur_people" title="Daur people">Daur people</a> have for about 1,000 years been playing <i><a href="/wiki/Beikou" title="Beikou">beikou</a></i>, a game with some similarities to field hockey.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar field hockey or ground billiards variant, called <i>suigan</i>, was played in China during the <a href="/wiki/Ming_dynasty" title="Ming dynasty">Ming dynasty</a> (1368–1644, post-dating the Mongol-led <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Stein_&_Rubino_2008_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stein_&_Rubino_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A game similar to field hockey was played in the 17th century in <a href="/wiki/Punjab_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab state">Punjab state</a> in India under name <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa-Latn">khido khundi</i></span> (<span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa-Latn">khido</i></span> refers to the woolen ball, and <span title="Punjabi-language text"><i lang="pa-Latn">khundi</i></span> to the stick).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In South America, most specifically in <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a>, the local natives of the 16th century used to play a game called <i>chueca</i>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Template:Which_lang" title="Template:Which lang"><span title="An editor could not identify the correct language for tagging this word or phrase. (August 2024)">what language is this?</span></a></i>]</sup> which also shares common elements with hockey.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a>, the games of <a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">hurling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>) and <i><span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is"><a href="/wiki/Knattleikr" title="Knattleikr">knattleikr</a></i></span></i> (<a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>), both team ball games involving sticks to drive a ball to the opponents' goal, date at least as far back as the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a>. By the 12th century, a team ball game called <i><span title="Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)-language text"><i lang="frm"><a href="/wiki/La_soule" title="La soule">la soule</a></i></span></i> or <i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">choule</i></span></i>, akin to a chaotic and sometimes long-distance version of hockey or <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby football</a> (depending on whether sticks were used in a particular local variant), was regularly played in France and southern Britain between villages or parishes. Throughout the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern era">Early Modern era</a>, such games often involved the local clergy or secular <a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">aristocracy</a>, and in some periods were limited to them by various anti-gaming edicts, or even banned altogether.<sup id="cite_ref-Stein_&_Rubino_2008_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stein_&_Rubino_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stein and Rubino, among others, ultimately trace aspects of these games both to rituals in antiquity involving <a href="/wiki/Globus_cruciger" title="Globus cruciger">orbs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sceptre" title="Sceptre">sceptres</a> (on the aristocratic and clerical side), and to ancient <a href="/wiki/Military_training_exercise" class="mw-redirect" title="Military training exercise">military training exercises</a> (on the popular side); <a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">polo</a> (essentially hockey on horseback) was devised by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Persia">Ancient Persians</a> for <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">cavalry</a> training, based on the local proto-hockey foot game of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-Stein_&_Rubino_2008_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stein_&_Rubino_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word <i>hockey</i> itself has no clear origin. One belief is that it was recorded in 1363 when <a href="/wiki/Edward_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward III">Edward III</a> of England issued the proclamation: "Moreover we ordain that you prohibit under penalty of imprisonment all and sundry from such stone, wood and iron throwing; handball, football, or hockey; coursing and cock-fighting, or other such idle games".<sup id="cite_ref-exp_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-exp-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The belief is based on modern translations of the proclamation, which was originally in Latin and explicitly forbade the games "Pilam Manualem, Pedivam, & Bacularem: & ad Canibucam & Gallorum Pugnam". The word <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">baculum</i></span> is the Latin for <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">stick</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>, so the reference would appear to be to a game played with sticks. The English historian and biographer <a href="/wiki/John_Strype" title="John Strype">John Strype</a> did not use the word <i>hockey</i> when he translated the proclamation in 1720, and the word <i>hockey</i> remains of unknown origin.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The modern game developed at <a href="/wiki/Independent_school_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent school (United Kingdom)">public schools</a> in 19th century England. It is now played globally, particularly in parts of Western Europe, South Asia, Southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, and parts of the United States, primarily New England and the mid-Atlantic states.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term <i>field hockey</i> is used primarily in Canada and the United States where <i>hockey</i> more often refers to <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Sweden, the term <span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">landhockey</i></span> is used, and to some degree in <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, where the game is governed by <a href="/wiki/Norway%27s_Bandy_Association" title="Norway's Bandy Association">Norges Bandyforbund</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first known club was formed in 1849 at <a href="/wiki/Blackheath,_London" title="Blackheath, London">Blackheath</a> in south-east <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, but the modern rules grew out of a version played by Middlesex <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> clubs as a winter activity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Teddington" title="Teddington">Teddington</a> Hockey Club formed the modern game by introducing the striking circle and changing the ball to a sphere from a rubber cube.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Hockey_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Hockey Association (page does not exist)">The Hockey Association</a> was founded in 1876. It lasted just six years, before being revived by nine founding members.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first international competition took place in 1895 (Ireland 3, Wales 0), and the International Rules Board was founded in 1900.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:London_1908_Hockey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/London_1908_Hockey.jpg/220px-London_1908_Hockey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/London_1908_Hockey.jpg/330px-London_1908_Hockey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/London_1908_Hockey.jpg/440px-London_1908_Hockey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A game of hockey being played between Germany and Scotland at the 1908 London Olympics</figcaption></figure> <p>Field hockey was played at the <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Field hockey at the Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a> in 1908 and 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was dropped in 1924,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> leading to the foundation of the <a href="/wiki/International_Hockey_Federation" title="International Hockey Federation">Fédération Internationale de Hockey sur Gazon</a> (FIH) as an international governing body by seven continental European nations; and hockey was reinstated as an <a href="/wiki/Olympic_sport" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic sport">Olympic game</a> in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Men's hockey united under the FIH in 1970.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The two oldest trophies are the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Senior_Cup_(men%27s_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Senior Cup (men's hockey)">Irish Senior Cup</a>, which dates back to 1894, and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Junior_Cup_(men%27s_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Junior Cup (men's hockey)">Irish Junior Cup</a>, a second XI-only competition<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What is "XI-only" supposed to mean? (July 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> instituted in 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In India, the <a href="/wiki/Beighton_Cup" title="Beighton Cup">Beighton Cup</a> and the Aga Khan tournament commenced within ten years.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Within ten years of what? (July 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Entering the Olympics in 1928, India won all five games without conceding a goal, and won from 1932 until 1956 and then in 1964 and 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pakistan won Olympics gold in men's hockey in 1960, 1968 and 1984. In fact, all but three of Pakistan's 11 Olympics medals so far have been in field hockey, including three gold, three silver and two bronze medals.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dhyan_Chand_1936_final.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dhyan_Chand_1936_final.jpg/220px-Dhyan_Chand_1936_final.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dhyan_Chand_1936_final.jpg/330px-Dhyan_Chand_1936_final.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dhyan_Chand_1936_final.jpg/440px-Dhyan_Chand_1936_final.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Indian player <a href="/wiki/Dhyan_Chand" title="Dhyan Chand">Dhyan Chand</a> won Olympic gold medals for his team in 1928, 1932 and 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Photo shows him scoring a goal against Germany in the 1936 Olympics hockey final.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early 1970s, <a href="/wiki/Artificial_turf" title="Artificial turf">artificial turf</a> began to be used.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Synthetic pitches changed most aspects of field hockey, gaining speed. New tactics and techniques such as the <a href="/wiki/Indian_dribble" title="Indian dribble">Indian dribble</a> developed, followed by new rules to take account. The switch to synthetic surfaces ended Indian and Pakistani domination because artificial turf was too expensive in <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing countries</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the 1970s, Australia, the Netherlands, and Germany have dominated at the Olympics and World Cup stages.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Women's field hockey was first played at British universities and schools. The first club, the Molesey Ladies, was founded in 1887.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first national association was the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Ladies_Hockey_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Ladies Hockey Union">Irish Ladies Hockey Union</a> in 1894,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and though rebuffed by the Hockey Association, women's field hockey grew rapidly around the world. This led to the International Federation of Women's Hockey Association (IFWHA) in 1927, though this did not include many continental European countries where women played as sections of men's associations and were affiliated to the FIH.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The IFWHA held conferences every three years, and tournaments associated with these were the primary IFWHA competitions. These tournaments were non-competitive until 1975.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>By the early 1970s, there were 22 associations with women's sections in the FIH and 36 associations in the IFWHA.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Discussions started about a common rule book. The FIH introduced competitive tournaments in 1974, forcing the acceptance of the principle of competitive field hockey by the IFWHA in 1973. It took until 1982 for the two bodies to merge, but this allowed the introduction of women's field hockey to the Olympic games from 1980 where, as in the men's game, the Netherlands, Germany, and Australia have been consistently strong. Argentina has emerged as a team to be reckoned with since 2000, winning the world championship in 2002 and 2010 and medals at the last three Olympics.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the United States, field hockey is played predominantly by girls and women. There are few field hockey clubs, most play taking place between high school or college sides. The sport was largely introduced in the U.S. by <a href="/wiki/Constance_Applebee" title="Constance Applebee">Constance Applebee</a>, starting with a tour of <a href="/wiki/Seven_Sisters_(colleges)" title="Seven Sisters (colleges)">Seven Sisters</a> colleges in 1901 and continuing through Applebee's 24-year tenure as athletic director of <a href="/wiki/Bryn_Mawr_College" title="Bryn Mawr College">Bryn Mawr College</a>. The strength of college field hockey reflects the impact of <a href="/wiki/Title_IX" title="Title IX">Title IX</a>, which mandated that colleges should fund men's and women's games programmes comparably.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Hockey has been predominantly played on the East Coast, specifically the Mid-Atlantic in states such as New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In recent years,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (October 2020)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> it has become increasingly played on the West Coast and in the Midwest.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In other countries, participation is fairly evenly balanced between men and women. For example, in the 2008–09 season, <a href="/wiki/England_Hockey" title="England Hockey">England Hockey</a> reported 2,488 registered men's teams, 1,969 women's teams, 1,042 boys' teams, 966 girls' teams and 274 mixed teams.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Hockey_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Hockey Association">Irish Hockey Association</a> reported that the gender split among its players was approximately 65% female and 35% male.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In its 2008 census, <a href="/wiki/Hockey_Australia" title="Hockey Australia">Hockey Australia</a> reported 40,534 male club players and 41,542 female.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Field_of_play">Field of play</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Field of play"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_pitch" title="Field hockey pitch">Field hockey pitch</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Field_hockey" title="Special:EditPage/Field hockey">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hockey_field_metric.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Hockey_field_metric.svg/300px-Hockey_field_metric.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="426" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Hockey_field_metric.svg/450px-Hockey_field_metric.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Hockey_field_metric.svg/600px-Hockey_field_metric.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="864" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of a hockey field</figcaption></figure> <p>Most hockey field dimensions were originally fixed using whole numbers of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_measure" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial measure">imperial measures</a>. Metric measurements are now the official dimensions as laid down by the <a href="/wiki/International_Hockey_Federation" title="International Hockey Federation">International Hockey Federation</a> (FIH) in the <i>Rules of Hockey</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pitch is a 91.4 m × 55 m (100.0 yd × 60.1 yd) rectangular field. At each end is a goal 2.14 m (7 ft) high and 3.66 m (12 ft) wide, as well as lines across the field 22.90 m (25 yd) from each end-line (generally referred to as the 23-metre lines or the 25-yard lines) and in the center of the field. A spot 0.15 m (6 in) in diameter, called the penalty spot or stroke mark, is placed with its centre 6.40 m (7 yd) from the centre of each goal. The shooting circle is 15 m (16 yd) from the base line. </p><p>Field hockey goals are made of two upright posts, joined at the top by a horizontal crossbar, with a net positioned to catch the ball when it passes through the goalposts. The goalposts and crossbar must be white and rectangular in shape, and should be 2 in (51 mm) wide and 2–3 in (51–76 mm) deep. Field hockey goals also include sideboards and a backboard, which stand 50 cm (20 in) from the ground. The backboard runs the full 3.66 m (12.0 ft) width of the goal, while the sideboards are 1.2 m (3 ft 11 in) deep. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Playing_surface">Playing surface</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Playing surface"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically the game developed on natural grass turf. In the early 1970s, <a href="/wiki/Artificial_turf" title="Artificial turf">synthetic grass</a> fields began to be used for hockey, with the first Olympic Games on this surface being held at <a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics" title="Field hockey at the 1976 Summer Olympics">1976</a>. Synthetic pitches are now mandatory for all international tournaments and for most national competitions. While hockey is still played on traditional grass fields at some local levels and lesser national divisions, it has been replaced by synthetic surfaces almost everywhere in the western world. There are three main types of artificial hockey surface:<sup id="cite_ref-GB_Pitches_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GB_Pitches-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Unfilled or water based – artificial fibres that are densely packed for stabilisation, requires irrigation or watering to avoid pitch wear</li> <li>Dressed or sand dressed – artificial fibres can be less densely packed and sand supports the fibres for part of the <a href="/wiki/Pile_(textile)" title="Pile (textile)">pile depth</a></li> <li>Filled or sand filled – artificial fibres can be longer and less densely packed and sand supports the fibres for 100% of the pile depth</li></ul> <p>Since the 1970s, sand-based pitches have been favoured as they dramatically speed up the game. However, in recent years there has been a massive increase in the number of "water-based" artificial turfs. Water-based synthetic turfs enable the ball to be transferred more quickly than on sand-based surfaces. It is this characteristic that has made them the surface of choice for international and national league competitions. Water-based surfaces are also less abrasive than sand-based surfaces and reduce the level of injury to players when they come into contact with the surface. Following the 2018 FIH Congress it was decided that new surfaces being laid should be of a hybrid variety which require less watering.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is due to the negative ecological effects of the high water requirements of water-based synthetic fields. It has also been stated that the decision to make artificial surfaces mandatory greatly favoured more affluent countries who could afford these new pitches.<sup id="cite_ref-TOI_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TOI-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rules_and_play">Rules and play</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rules and play"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_stick" title="Field hockey stick">Field hockey stick</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Field_hockey" title="Special:EditPage/Field hockey">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The game is played between two teams of eleven; 10 field players and one goal keeper are permitted to be on the pitch at any one time. The remaining players may be substituted in any combination. There is an unlimited number of times a team can sub in and out. Substitutions are permitted at any point in the game, apart from between the award and end of a penalty corner; two exceptions to this rule is for injury or suspension of the defending goalkeeper, which is not allowed when playing with a field keep, or a player can exit the field, but you must wait until after the penalty corner is complete. Play is not stopped for a substitution (except of a goalkeeper), the players leave and rejoin the match simultaneously at the half-way line.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Players are permitted to play the ball with the flat of the 'face side' and with the edges of the head and handle of the field hockey stick with the exception that, for reasons of safety, the ball may not be struck 'hard' with a forehand edge stroke, because of the difficulty of controlling the height and direction of the ball from that stroke. </p><p>The flat side is always on the "natural" side for a right-handed person swinging the stick at the ball from right to left. Left-handed sticks are rare, as International Hockey Federation rules forbid their use in a game.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To make a strike at the ball with a left-to-right swing the player must present the flat of the 'face' of the stick to the ball by 'reversing' the stick head, i.e. by turning the handle through approximately 180° (while a reverse edge hit would turn the stick head through approximately 90° from the position of an upright forehand stroke with the 'face' of the stick head). </p><p>Edge hitting of the ball underwent a two-year "experimental period", twice the usual length of an "experimental trial" and is still a matter of some controversy within the game.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (September 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> Ric Charlesworth, the former Australian coach, has been a strong critic of the unrestricted use of the reverse edge hit. The 'hard' forehand edge hit was banned after similar concerns were expressed about the ability of players to direct the ball accurately, but the reverse edge hit does appear to be more predictable and controllable than its counterpart. This type of hit is now more commonly referred to as the "forehand sweep" where the ball is hit with the flat side or "natural" side of the stick and not the rounded edge. </p><p>Other rules include; no foot-to-ball contact, no use of hands, no obstructing other players, no high back swing, no hacking, and no third party. If a player is dribbling the ball and either loses control and kicks the ball or another player interferes that player is not permitted to gain control and continue dribbling. The rules do not allow the person who kicked the ball to gain advantage from the kick, so the ball will automatically be passed on to the opposing team. Conversely, if no advantage is gained from kicking the ball, play should continue. Players may not obstruct another's chance of hitting the ball in any way. No shoving/using your body/stick to prevent advancement in the other team. Penalty for this is the opposing team receives the ball and if the problem continues, the player can be carded. While a player is taking a free hit or starting a corner the back swing of their hit cannot be too high for this is considered dangerous. Finally there may not be three players touching the ball at one time. Two players from opposing teams can battle for the ball, however if another player interferes it is considered third party and the ball automatically goes to the team who only had one player involved in the third party. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_game">The game</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: The game"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A match ordinarily consists of two periods of 35 minutes and a halftime interval of 5 minutes. Other periods and interval may be agreed by both teams except as specified in regulations for particular competitions.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2014, some international games have four 15-minute quarters with 2 minutes break between each quarter and 5 minutes break between quarter two and three.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> At the 2018 Commonwealth Games, held on the Gold Coast in <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>, the hockey games for both men and women were played in four 15-minute quarters.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2018, the FIH announced rule changes that would make 15-minute quarters universal from January 2019. England Hockey confirmed that while no changes would be made to the domestic game mid-season, the new rules would be implemented at the start of the 2019–20 season. However, in July 2019 England Hockey announced that 17.5-minute quarters would only be implemented in elite domestic club games.<sup id="cite_ref-Application_of_the_rules_of_hockey_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Application_of_the_rules_of_hockey-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The game begins with a pass back from the centre-forward usually to the centre-half back from the halfway line. The opposing team cannot try to tackle this play until the ball has been pushed back.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The team consists of eleven players, usually aligned as follows: goalkeeper, right fullback, left fullback, three half-backs and five forwards who are right wing, right inner, centre forward, left inner and left wing. These positions can change and adapt throughout the course of the game depending on the attacking and defensive style of the opposition.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Positions">Positions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Positions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UVA_field_hockey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/UVA_field_hockey.jpg/220px-UVA_field_hockey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/UVA_field_hockey.jpg/330px-UVA_field_hockey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/UVA_field_hockey.jpg/440px-UVA_field_hockey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2610" data-file-height="2088" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Cavaliers" title="Virginia Cavaliers">Virginia Cavaliers</a> field player passing the ball</figcaption></figure> <p>When hockey positions are discussed, notions of fluidity are very common. Each team can be fielded with a maximum of 11 players and will typically arrange themselves into forwards, midfielders, and defensive players (fullbacks) with players frequently moving between these lines with the flow of play. Each team may also play with:<sup id="cite_ref-International_Hockey_Federation_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_Hockey_Federation-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>a goalkeeper who wears a different colour shirt and full protective equipment comprising at least headgear, leg guards and kickers; this player is referred to in the rules as a goalkeeper; or</li> <li>Only field players; no player has goalkeeping privileges or wears a different colour shirt; no player may wear protective headgear except a face mask when defending a penalty corner or stroke.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Formations">Formations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Formations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Field_hockey" title="Special:EditPage/Field hockey">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As hockey has a very dynamic style of play, it is difficult to simplify positions to the static <a href="/wiki/Formation_(association_football)" title="Formation (association football)">formations</a> which are common in <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a>. Although positions will typically be categorised as either fullback, halfback, midfield/inner or striker, it is important for players to have an understanding of every position on the field. For example, it is not uncommon to see a halfback overlap and end up in either attacking position, with the midfield and strikers being responsible for re-adjusting to fill the space they left. Movement between lines like this is particularly common across all positions. </p><p>This fluid Australian culture<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag needs further explanation. (August 2019)">further explanation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of hockey has been responsible for developing an international trend towards players occupying spaces on the field, not having assigned positions. Although they may have particular spaces on the field which they are more comfortable and effective as players, they are responsible for occupying the space nearest them. This fluid approach to hockey and player movement has made it easy for teams to transition between formations such as: <i>"3 at the back"</i>, <i>"5 midfields"</i>, <i>"2 at the front"</i>, and more. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Goalkeepers">Goalkeepers</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Goalkeepers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Field_hockey" title="Special:EditPage/Field hockey">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Profile_picture_Filip_Neusser.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Profile_picture_Filip_Neusser.jpg/220px-Profile_picture_Filip_Neusser.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Profile_picture_Filip_Neusser.jpg/330px-Profile_picture_Filip_Neusser.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Profile_picture_Filip_Neusser.jpg/440px-Profile_picture_Filip_Neusser.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="799" /></a><figcaption>Goalkeeper <a href="/wiki/Filip_Neusser" title="Filip Neusser">Filip Neusser</a> in full gear</figcaption></figure> <p>When the ball is inside the circle, they are defending and they have their stick in their hand, goalkeepers wearing full protective equipment are permitted to use their stick, feet, kickers or leg guards to propel the ball and to use their stick, feet, kickers, leg guards or any other part of their body to stop the ball or deflect it in any direction including over the back line. Similarly, field players are permitted to use their stick. They are not allowed to use their feet and legs to propel the ball, stop the ball or deflect it in any direction including over the back line. However, neither goalkeepers, or players with goalkeeping privileges are permitted to conduct themselves in a manner which is dangerous to other players by taking advantage of the protective equipment they wear.<sup id="cite_ref-International_Hockey_Federation_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_Hockey_Federation-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Neither goalkeepers or players with goalkeeping privileges may lie on the ball, however, they are permitted to use arms, hands and any other part of their body to push the ball away. Lying on the ball deliberately will result in a penalty stroke, whereas if an umpire deems a goalkeeper has lain on the ball accidentally (e.g. it gets stuck in their protective equipment), a penalty corner is awarded. </p><p><i>* The action above is permitted only as part of a goal saving action or to move the ball away from the possibility of a goal scoring action by opponents. It does not permit a goalkeeper or player with goalkeeping privileges to propel the ball forcefully with arms, hands or body so that it travels a long distance</i> </p><p>When the ball is outside the circle they are defending, goalkeepers or players with goalkeeping privileges are only permitted to play the ball with their stick. Further, a goalkeeper, or player with goalkeeping privileges who is wearing a helmet, must not take part in the match outside the 23m area they are defending, except when taking a penalty stroke. A goalkeeper must wear protective headgear at all times, except when taking a penalty stroke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_play">General play</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: General play"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Field_hockey" title="Special:EditPage/Field hockey">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>For the purposes of the rules, all players on the team in possession of the ball are attackers, and those on the team without the ball are defenders, yet throughout the game being played you are always "defending" your goal and "attacking" the opposite goal.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brenda256.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Brenda256.jpg/220px-Brenda256.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Brenda256.jpg/330px-Brenda256.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Brenda256.jpg/440px-Brenda256.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1138" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption>Sideline hit in a match Standard Athletic Club vs. British School of Paris (1996)</figcaption></figure> <p>The match is officiated by two field <a href="/wiki/Umpire_(field_hockey)" title="Umpire (field hockey)">umpires</a>. Traditionally each umpire generally controls half of the field, divided roughly diagonally. These umpires are often assisted by a technical bench including a timekeeper and record keeper. </p><p>Prior to the start of the game, a coin is tossed and the winning captain can choose a starting end or whether to start with the ball. Since 2017 the game consists of four periods of 15 minutes with a 2-minute break after every period, and a 15-minute intermission at half time before changing ends. At the start of each period, as well as after goals are scored, play is started with a pass from the centre of the field. All players must start in their defensive half (apart from the player making the pass), but the ball may be played in any direction along the floor. Each team starts with the ball in one half, and the team that conceded the goal has possession for the restart. Teams trade sides at halftime. </p><p>Field players may only play the ball with the face of the stick. If the back side of the stick is used, it is a penalty and the other team will get the ball back. Tackling is permitted as long as the tackler does not make contact with the attacker or the other person's stick before playing the ball (contact after the tackle may also be penalised if the tackle was made from a position where contact was inevitable). Further, the player with the ball may not deliberately use his body to push a defender out of the way. </p><p>Field players may not play the ball with their feet, but if the ball accidentally hits the feet, and the player gains no benefit from the contact, then the contact is not penalised. Although there has been a change in the wording of this rule from 1 January 2007, the current FIH umpires' briefing instructs umpires not to change the way they interpret this rule.<sup id="cite_ref-Umpires'_briefing_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Umpires'_briefing-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Obstruction typically occurs in three circumstances – when a defender comes between the player with possession and the ball in order to prevent them tackling; when a defender's stick comes between the attacker's stick and the ball or makes contact with the attacker's stick or body; and also when blocking the opposition's attempt to tackle a teammate with the ball (called <i>third party obstruction</i>). </p><p>When the ball passes completely over the sidelines (on the sideline is still in), it is returned to play with a sideline hit, taken by a member of the team whose players were not the last to touch the ball before crossing the sideline. The ball must be placed on the sideline, with the hit taken from as near the place the ball went out of play as possible. If it crosses the back line after last touched by an attacker, a 15 m (16 yd) hit is awarded. A 15 m hit is also awarded for offences committed by the attacking side within 15 m of the end of the pitch they are attacking. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Set_plays">Set plays</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Set plays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Field_hockey" title="Special:EditPage/Field hockey">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Set plays are often utilised for specific situations such as a penalty corner or free hit. For instance, many teams have penalty corner variations that they can use to beat the defensive team. The coach may have plays that sends the ball between two defenders and lets the player attack the opposing team's goal. There are no set plays unless your team has them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Free_hits">Free hits</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Free hits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Free hits are awarded when offences are committed outside the scoring circles (the term 'free hit' is standard usage but the ball need not be hit). The ball may be hit, pushed or lifted in any direction by the team offended against. The ball can be lifted from a free hit but not by hitting, the ball must be flicked or scooped to lift from a free hit. (In previous versions of the rules, hits in the area outside the circle in open play have been permitted but lifting one direction from a free hit was prohibited). Opponents must move 5 m (5.5 yd) from the ball when a free hit is awarded. A free hit must be taken from within playing distance of the place of the offence for which it was awarded and the ball must be stationary when the free hit is taken. </p><p>As mentioned above, a 15 m hit is awarded if an attacking player commits a foul forward of that line, or if the ball passes over the back line off an attacker. These free hits are taken in-line with where the foul was committed (taking a line parallel with the sideline between where the offence was committed, or the ball went out of play). When an attacking free hit is awarded within 5 m of the circle everyone including the person taking the penalty must be five meters from the circle and everyone apart from the person taking the free hit must be five meters away from the ball. When taking an attacking free hit, the ball may not be hit straight into the circle if the hitting player is within their attacking 23-meter area (25-yard area). It has to travel 5 meters before going in. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2009_experimental_changes">2009 experimental changes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 2009 experimental changes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 2009 the FIH introduced, as a "Mandatory Experiment" for international competition, an updated version of the free-hit rule. The changes allows a player taking a free hit to pass the ball to themselves. Importantly, this is not a "play on" situation, but to the untrained eye it may appear to be. The player must play the ball any distance in two separate motions, before continuing as if it were a play-on situation. They may raise an aerial or overhead immediately as the second action, or any other stroke permitted by the rules of field hockey. At high-school level, this is called a self pass and was adopted in Pennsylvania in 2010 as a legal technique for putting the ball in play. </p><p>Also, all players (from both teams) must be at least 5 m from any free hit awarded to the attack within the 23 m area. The ball may not travel directly into the circle from a free hit to the attack within the 23 m area without first being touched by another player or being dribbled at least 5 m by a player making a "self-pass". These experimental rules apply to all free-hit situations, including sideline and corner hits. National associations may also choose to introduce these rules for their domestic competitions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Long_corner">Long corner</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Long corner"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A free hit from the 23-metre line – called a long corner – is awarded to the attacking team if the ball goes over the back-line after last being touched by a defender, provided they do not play it over the back-line deliberately, in which case a penalty corner is awarded. This free hit is played by the attacking team from a spot on the 23-metre line, in line with where the ball went out of play. All the parameters of an attacking free hit within the attacking quarter of the playing surface apply. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Penalty_corner">Penalty corner</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Penalty corner"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Field_hockey" title="Special:EditPage/Field hockey">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Penalty_corner" title="Penalty corner">Penalty corner</a></div><p> The <a href="/wiki/Penalty_corner" title="Penalty corner">short or penalty corner</a> is awarded: </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fieldhockey_shortcorner_defense.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Fieldhockey_shortcorner_defense.jpg/220px-Fieldhockey_shortcorner_defense.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Fieldhockey_shortcorner_defense.jpg/330px-Fieldhockey_shortcorner_defense.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Fieldhockey_shortcorner_defense.jpg/440px-Fieldhockey_shortcorner_defense.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="428" /></a><figcaption>A group of five defenders, including the goalkeeper, prepare on the back line for a short corner.</figcaption></figure> <ol><li>for an offence by a defender in the circle which does not prevent the probable scoring of a goal;</li> <li>for an intentional offence in the circle by a defender against an opponent who does not have possession of the ball or an opportunity to play the ball;</li> <li>for an intentional offence by a defender outside the circle but within the 23-metre area they are defending;</li> <li>for intentionally playing the ball over the back line by a defender;</li> <li>when the ball becomes lodged in a player's clothing or equipment while in the circle they are defending.</li></ol> <p>Short corners begin with five defenders (usually including the keeper) positioned behind the back line and the ball placed at least 10 yards from the nearest goal post.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All other players in the defending team must be beyond the centre line, that is not in their 'own' half of the pitch, until the ball is in play. Attacking players begin the play standing outside the scoring circle, except for one attacker who starts the corner by playing the ball from a mark 10 m either side of the goal (the circle has a 14.63 m radius). This player puts the ball into play by pushing or hitting the ball to the other attackers outside the circle; the ball must pass outside the circle and then put back into the circle before the attackers may make a shot at the goal from which a goal can be scored. FIH rules do not forbid a shot at goal before the ball leaves the circle after being 'inserted', nor is a shot at the goal from outside the circle prohibited, but a goal cannot be scored at all if the ball has not gone out of the circle and cannot be scored from a shot from outside the circle if it is not again played by an attacking player before it enters the goal. </p><p>For safety reasons, the first shot of a penalty corner must not exceed 460 mm high (the height of the "backboard" of the goal) at the point it crosses the goal line if it is hit. However, if the ball is deemed to be below backboard height, the ball can be subsequently deflected above this height by another player (defender or attacker), providing that this deflection does not lead to danger. The "Slap" stroke (a sweeping motion towards the ball, where the stick is kept on or close to the ground when striking the ball) is classed as a hit, and so the first shot at goal must be below backboard height for this type of shot also. </p><p>If the first shot at goal in a short corner situation is a push, flick or scoop, in particular the <i><a href="/wiki/Drag_flick_(field_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drag flick (field hockey)">drag flick</a></i> (which has become popular at international and national league standards), the shot is permitted to rise above the height of the backboard, as long as the shot is not deemed dangerous to any opponent. This form of shooting was developed because it is not height restricted in the same way as the first hit shot at the goal and players with good technique are able to drag-flick with as much power as many others can hit a ball. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Penalty_stroke">Penalty stroke</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Penalty stroke"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Penalty_stroke" title="Penalty stroke">Penalty stroke</a></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Penalty_stroke" title="Penalty stroke">penalty stroke</a> is awarded when a defender commits a foul in the circle (accidental or otherwise) that prevents a probable goal or commits a deliberate foul in the circle or if defenders repeatedly run from the back line too early at a penalty corner. The penalty stroke is taken by a single attacker in the circle, against the goalkeeper, from a spot 6.4 m from goal. The ball is played only once at goal by the attacker using a push, flick or scoop stroke. If the shot is saved, play is restarted with a 15 m hit to the defenders. When a goal is scored, play is restarted in the normal way. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dangerous_play_and_raised_balls">Dangerous play and raised balls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Dangerous play and raised balls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Field_hockey" title="Special:EditPage/Field hockey">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to the Rules of Hockey 2015<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> issued by the FIH there are only two criteria for a dangerously played ball. The first is legitimate evasive action by an opponent (what constitutes legitimate evasive action is an umpiring judgment). The second is specific to the rule concerning a shot at goal at a penalty corner but is generally, if somewhat inconsistently, applied throughout the game and in all parts of the pitch: it is that a ball lifted above knee height and at an opponent who is within 5m of the ball is certainly dangerous. </p><p>The velocity of the ball is not mentioned in the rules concerning a dangerously played ball. A ball that hits a player above the knee may on some occasions not be penalised, this is at the umpire's discretion. A jab tackle, for example, might accidentally lift the ball above knee height into an opponent from close range but at such low velocity as not to be, in the opinion of the umpire, dangerous play. In the same way a high-velocity hit at very close range into an opponent, but below knee height, could be considered to be dangerous or reckless play in the view of the umpire, especially when safer alternatives are open to the striker of the ball. </p><p>A ball that has been lifted high so that it will fall among close opponents may be deemed to be potentially dangerous and play may be stopped for that reason. A lifted ball that is falling to a player in clear space may be made potentially dangerous by the actions of an opponent closing to within 5m of the receiver before the ball has been controlled to ground – a rule which is often only loosely applied; the distance allowed is often only what might be described as playing distance, 2–3 m, and opponents tend to be permitted to close on the ball as soon as the receiver plays it: these unofficial variations are often based on the umpire's perception of the skill of the players i.e. on the level of the game, in order to maintain game flow, which umpires are in general in both Rules and Briefing instructed to do, by not penalising when it is unnecessary to do so; this is also a matter at the umpire's discretion. </p><p>The term "falling ball" is important in what may be termed encroaching offences. It is generally only considered an offence to encroach on an opponent receiving a lifted ball that has been lifted to above head height (although the height is not specified in rule) and is falling. So, for example, a lifted shot at the goal which is still rising as it crosses the goal line (or would have been rising as it crossed the goal line) can be legitimately followed up by any of the attacking team looking for a rebound. </p><p>In general even potentially dangerous play is not penalised if an opponent is not disadvantaged by it or, obviously, not injured by it so that he cannot continue. A personal penalty, that is a caution or a suspension, rather than a team penalty, such as a free ball or a penalty corner, may be (many would say should be or even must be, but again this is at the umpire's discretion) issued to the guilty party after an advantage allowed by the umpire has been played out in any situation where an offence has occurred, including dangerous play (but once advantage has been allowed the umpire cannot then call play back and award a team penalty). </p><p>It is not an offence to lift the ball over an opponent's stick (or body on the ground), provided that it is done with consideration for the safety of the opponent and not dangerously. For example, a skilful attacker may lift the ball over a defender's stick or prone body and run past them, however if the attacker lifts the ball into or at the defender's body, this would almost certainly be regarded as dangerous. </p><p>It is not against the rules to bounce the ball on the stick and even to run with it while doing so, as long as that does not lead to a potentially dangerous conflict with an opponent who is attempting to make a tackle. For example, two players trying to play at the ball in the air at the same time, would probably be considered a dangerous situation and it is likely that the player who first put the ball up or who was so 'carrying' it would be penalised. </p><p>Dangerous play rules also apply to the usage of the stick when approaching the ball, making a stroke at it (replacing what was at one time referred to as the "sticks" rule, which once forbade the raising of any part of the stick above the shoulder during any play. This last restriction has been removed but the stick should still not be used in a way that endangers an opponent) or attempting to tackle, (fouls relating to tripping, impeding and obstruction). The use of the stick to strike an opponent will usually be much more severely dealt with by the umpires than offences such as barging, impeding and obstruction with the body, although these are also dealt with firmly, especially when these fouls are intentional. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warnings_and_suspensions">Warnings and suspensions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Warnings and suspensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Field_hockey" title="Special:EditPage/Field hockey">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Hockey uses a three-tier <a href="/wiki/Penalty_card" title="Penalty card">penalty card</a> system of warnings and suspensions: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indiana_(80)_(5028145116).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Indiana_%2880%29_%285028145116%29.jpg/220px-Indiana_%2880%29_%285028145116%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Indiana_%2880%29_%285028145116%29.jpg/330px-Indiana_%2880%29_%285028145116%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Indiana_%2880%29_%285028145116%29.jpg/440px-Indiana_%2880%29_%285028145116%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Penn_State_Nittany_Lions_field_hockey" title="Penn State Nittany Lions field hockey">Penn State</a> player receives a green card.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>When shown a <b>green card</b>, the player may have to leave the field for two minutes, depending on national regulations, though at international standards the player has to leave the field for two minutes, but any further infractions will result in a yellow or red card.</li> <li>A <b>yellow card</b> is an official suspension similar to the <a href="/wiki/Penalty_box" title="Penalty box">penalty box</a> in ice hockey. The duration is decided by the umpire issuing the card and the player must go to a pre-defined area of the pitch as chosen by the umpires, or by the local/state/national association of that country; in this case generally it will be in the rule book where that player must go to, at the beginning of the match. Most umpires will opt for a minimum of five minutes' duration without substitution; the maximum time is at the discretion of the umpire, depending on the seriousness of the offence; for example the second yellow to the same player or the first for danger might be given ten minutes. (In some modes, including indoor, shorter periods of suspension are applied, dependent on local rules.) However it is possible to send a player off for the remainder of the match if the penalty time is longer than the time remaining in the match. Three yellows risks a red card, and a substitute will serve out whatever time imposed by the officials. Depending on national rules, if a coach is sent off a player may have to leave the field too for the time the coach is sent off.</li> <li>A <b>red card</b>, just like in association football, is a permanent exclusion from the rest of the game, without substitution, and usually results in the player being banned for a certain period of time or number of matches (this is governed by local playing conditions, rather than the rules of field hockey). The player must also leave the pitch and surrounding area.</li></ul> <p>If a coach is sent off, depending on local rules, a player may have to leave the field for the remaining length of the match. </p><p>In addition to their colours, field hockey penalty cards are often shaped differently, so they can be recognised easily. Green cards are normally triangular, yellow cards rectangular and red cards circular. </p><p>Unlike football, a player may receive more than one green or yellow card. However, they cannot receive the same card for the same offence (for example two yellows for dangerous play), and the second must always be a more serious card. In the case of a second yellow card for a different breach of the rules (for example a yellow for deliberate foot, and a second later in the game for dangerous play) the temporary suspension would be expected to be of considerably longer duration than the first. However, local playing conditions may mandate that cards are awarded only progressively, and not allow any second awards. </p><p>Umpires, if the free hit would have been in the attacking 23 m area, may upgrade the free hit to a penalty corner for dissent or other misconduct after the free hit has been awarded. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scoring">Scoring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Scoring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Field_hockey" title="Special:EditPage/Field hockey">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The teams' object is to play the ball into their attacking circle and, from there, hit, push or flick the ball into the goal, scoring a goal. The team with more goals after 60 minutes wins the game. The playing time may be shortened, particularly when younger players are involved, or for some tournament play. If the game is played in a countdown clock, like ice hockey, a goal can only count if the ball completely crosses the goal line and into the goal <i>before</i> time expires, not when the ball leaves the stick in the act of shooting. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Penalty_shoot-out_(field_hockey)" title="Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)">Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)</a></div> <p>If the score is tied at the end of the game, either a <a href="/wiki/Tie_(draw)" title="Tie (draw)">draw</a> is declared or the game goes into extra time, or there is a <a href="/wiki/Penalty_shoot-out_(field_hockey)" title="Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)">penalty shoot-out</a>, depending on the format of the competition. In many competitions (such as regular club competition, or in pool games in FIH international tournaments such as the Olympics or the World Cup), a tied result stands and the overall competition standings are adjusted accordingly. Since March 2013, when tie breaking is required, the official FIH Tournament Regulations mandate to no longer have extra time and go directly into a <a href="/wiki/Penalty_shoot-out_(field_hockey)" title="Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)">penalty shoot-out</a> when a classification match ends in a tie.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, many associations follow the previous procedure consisting of two periods of 7.5 minutes of "golden goal" extra time during which the game ends as soon as one team scores. </p><p>There are many variations to overtime play that depend on the league or tournament rules. In American college play, a seven-a-side overtime period consists of a 10-minute <a href="/wiki/Golden_goal" title="Golden goal">golden goal</a> period with seven players for each team. If the scores remain equal, the game enters a one-on-one competition where each team chooses five players to dribble from the 25-yard (23 m) line down to the circle against the opposing goalkeeper. The player has eight seconds to score against the goalkeeper while keeping the ball in bounds. The game ends after a goal is scored, the ball goes out of bounds, a foul is committed (ending in either a penalty stroke or flick or the end of the one-on-one) or time expires. If the tie still persists, more rounds are played until one team has scored. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rule_change_procedure">Rule change procedure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Rule change procedure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The FIH implemented a two-year rules cycle with the 2007–08 edition of the rules, with the intention that the rules be reviewed on a biennial basis. The 2009 rulebook was officially released in early March 2009 (effective 1 May 2009), however the FIH published the major changes in February. The current rule book is effective from 1 January 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Local_rules">Local rules</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Local rules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Field_hockey" title="Special:EditPage/Field hockey">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Field_hockey_player_with_goggles_and_mouthguard_(50413699032)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Field_hockey_player_with_goggles_and_mouthguard_%2850413699032%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Field_hockey_player_with_goggles_and_mouthguard_%2850413699032%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Field_hockey_player_with_goggles_and_mouthguard_%2850413699032%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Field_hockey_player_with_goggles_and_mouthguard_%2850413699032%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Field_hockey_player_with_goggles_and_mouthguard_%2850413699032%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Field_hockey_player_with_goggles_and_mouthguard_%2850413699032%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1589" data-file-height="1342" /></a><figcaption>An American high school field hockey player wearing goggles and a mouthguard</figcaption></figure> <p>There are sometimes minor variations in rules from competition to competition; for instance, the duration of matches is often varied for junior competitions or for carnivals. Different national associations also have slightly differing rules on player equipment. </p><p>The new <a href="/wiki/Euro_Hockey_League" title="Euro Hockey League">Euro Hockey League</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympic_Games" title="Summer Olympic Games">Olympics</a> has made major alterations to the rules to aid television viewers, such as splitting the game into four-quarters, and to try to improve player behavior, such as a two-minute suspension for green cards—the latter was also used in the 2010 World Cup and <a href="/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Summer Olympic Games">2016 Olympics</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a> has its own rules for inter-collegiate competitions; high school associations similarly play to different rules, usually using the rules published by the <a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_State_High_School_Associations" title="National Federation of State High School Associations">National Federation of State High School Associations</a> (NFHS). This article assumes FIH rules unless otherwise stated. <a href="/wiki/USA_Field_Hockey" title="USA Field Hockey">USA Field Hockey</a> produces an annual summary of the differences.<sup id="cite_ref-US_rule_differences_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-US_rule_differences-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, the games at the junior high level consist of four 12-minute periods, while the high-school level consists of four 15-minute periods. Many private American schools play 12-minute quarters, and some have adopted FIH rules rather than NFHS rules. </p><p>Players are required to wear <a href="/wiki/Mouth_guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouth guard">mouth guards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shin_guard" title="Shin guard">shin guards</a> in order to play the game. Also, there is a newer rule requiring certain types of sticks be used. In recent years, the NFHS rules have moved closer to FIH, but in 2011 a new rule requiring protective eyewear was introduced for the 2011 Fall season. Further clarification of NFHS's rule requiring protective eyewear states, "effective 1 January 2019, all eye protection shall be permanently labeled with the current ASTM 2713 standard for field hockey".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metal 'cage style' goggles favored by US high school lacrosse and permitted in high school field hockey is prohibited under FIH rules.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Field_hockey_stick">Field hockey stick</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Field hockey stick"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_stick" title="Field hockey stick">Field hockey stick</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Field_hockey" title="Special:EditPage/Field hockey">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Splice_Handle_Head.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Splice_Handle_Head.jpg/220px-Splice_Handle_Head.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="536" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Splice_Handle_Head.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="634" /></a><figcaption>Naming parts of stick</figcaption></figure> <p>Each player carries a <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_stick" title="Field hockey stick">hockey stick</a> that normally measures between 80 and 95 cm (31 and 37 in); shorter or longer sticks are available. The length of the stick is based on the player's individual height: the top of the stick usually comes to the player's hip, and taller players typically have longer sticks.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goalkeepers can use either a specialised stick, or an ordinary field hockey stick. The specific goal-keeping sticks have another curve at the end of the stick, to give it more surface area to block the ball. </p><p>Sticks were traditionally made of wood, but are now often made also with <a href="/wiki/Fibreglass" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibreglass">fibreglass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kevlar" title="Kevlar">kevlar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Carbon_fibre" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon fibre">carbon fibre</a> composites. Metal is forbidden from use in field hockey sticks, due to the risk of injury from sharp edges if the stick were to break. The stick has a rounded handle, has a J-shaped hook at the bottom, and is flattened on the left side (when looking down the handle with the hook facing upwards). All sticks must be right-handed; left-handed ones are prohibited. </p><p>There was traditionally a slight curve (called the bow, or rake) from the top to bottom of the face side of the stick and another on the 'heel' edge to the top of the handle (usually made according to the angle at which the handle part was inserted into the splice of the head part of the stick), which assisted in the positioning of the stick head in relation to the ball and made striking the ball easier and more accurate. </p><p>The hook at the bottom of the stick was only recently<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2021)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> the tight curve (Indian style) that we have nowadays. The older 'English' sticks had a longer bend, making it very hard to use the stick on the reverse. For this reason players now use the tight curved sticks. </p><p>The handle makes up about the top third of the stick. It is wrapped in a grip similar to that used on tennis racket. The grip may be made of a variety of materials, including <a href="/wiki/Chamois_leather" title="Chamois leather">chamois leather</a>, which improves grip in the wet and gives the stick a softer touch and different weighting it wrapped over a preexisting grip. </p><p>It was recently discovered that increasing the depth of the face bow made it easier to get high speeds from the dragflick and made the stroke easier to execute. At first, after this feature was introduced, the Hockey Rules Board placed a limit of 50 mm on the maximum depth of bow over the length of the stick but experience quickly demonstrated this to be excessive. New rules now limit this curve to under 25 mm so as to limit the power with which the ball can be flicked. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Field_hockey_ball">Field hockey ball</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Field hockey ball"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balle_de_hockey_sur_gazon_avec_pi%C3%A8ce_de_5_francs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Balle_de_hockey_sur_gazon_avec_pi%C3%A8ce_de_5_francs.jpg/220px-Balle_de_hockey_sur_gazon_avec_pi%C3%A8ce_de_5_francs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Balle_de_hockey_sur_gazon_avec_pi%C3%A8ce_de_5_francs.jpg/330px-Balle_de_hockey_sur_gazon_avec_pi%C3%A8ce_de_5_francs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Balle_de_hockey_sur_gazon_avec_pi%C3%A8ce_de_5_francs.jpg/440px-Balle_de_hockey_sur_gazon_avec_pi%C3%A8ce_de_5_francs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2360" data-file-height="1563" /></a><figcaption>A field hockey ball with a 5 franc coin</figcaption></figure> <p>Standard field hockey balls are hard spherical balls, made of solid plastic (sometimes over a cork core), and are usually white, although they can be any colour as long as they contrast with the playing surface. The balls have a <a href="/wiki/Diameter" title="Diameter">diameter</a> of 71.3–74.8 mm (2.81–2.94 in) and a <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a> of 156–163 g (5.5–5.7 oz). The ball is often covered with <a href="/wiki/Alcove_(architecture)" title="Alcove (architecture)">indentations</a> to reduce <a href="/wiki/Aquaplaning" title="Aquaplaning">aquaplaning</a> that can cause an inconsistent ball speed on wet surfaces.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HockyBallsPuck.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/HockyBallsPuck.JPG/220px-HockyBallsPuck.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/HockyBallsPuck.JPG/330px-HockyBallsPuck.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/HockyBallsPuck.JPG/440px-HockyBallsPuck.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>An assembly of field hockey balls and a roller hockey puck</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uniforms">Uniforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Uniforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>International Hockey Federation rules for women are written so players may choose between shorts, skorts, or skirts if they have the same design and color across the team. A previous requirement was for women to wear skirts during play.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Goalkeeping_equipment">Goalkeeping equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Goalkeeping equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Field_hockey" title="Special:EditPage/Field hockey">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M060519_vit_vipers-dragons_0071.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/M060519_vit_vipers-dragons_0071.JPG/170px-M060519_vit_vipers-dragons_0071.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/M060519_vit_vipers-dragons_0071.JPG/255px-M060519_vit_vipers-dragons_0071.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/M060519_vit_vipers-dragons_0071.JPG/340px-M060519_vit_vipers-dragons_0071.JPG 2x" data-file-width="969" data-file-height="1453" /></a><figcaption>A goalkeeper makes a glove save. Equipment worn here is typical gear for a field hockey goalkeeper.</figcaption></figure> <p>The 2007 rulebook saw major changes regarding goalkeepers. A fully equipped goalkeeper must wear a helmet, leg guards and kickers, and like all players, they must carry a stick. Goalkeepers may use either a field player's stick or a specialised goalkeeping stick provided always the stick is of legal dimensions. Usually field hockey goalkeepers also wear extensive additional protective equipment including chest guards, padded shorts, heavily padded hand protectors, groin protectors, neck protectors and arm guards. A goalie may not cross the 23 m line, the sole exception to this being if the goalkeeper is to take a penalty stroke at the other end of the field, when the clock is stopped. The goalkeeper can also remove their helmet for this action. While goalkeepers are allowed to use their feet and hands to clear the ball, like field players they may only use the one side of their stick. Slide tackling is permitted as long as it is with the intention of clearing the ball, not aimed at a player. </p><p>It is now also even possible for teams to have a full eleven outfield players and no goalkeeper at all. No player may wear a helmet or other goalkeeping equipment, neither will any player be able to play the ball with any other part of the body than with their stick. This may be used to offer a tactical advantage, for example, if a team is trailing with only a short time to play, or to allow for play to commence if no goalkeeper or kit is available. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tactics">Tactics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Tactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Field_hockey" title="Special:EditPage/Field hockey">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The basic tactic in field hockey, as in association football and many other team games, is to outnumber the opponent in a particular area of the field at a moment in time. When in possession of the ball this temporary numerical superiority can be used to pass the ball around opponents so that they cannot effect a tackle because they cannot get within playing reach of the ball and to further use this numerical advantage to gain time and create clear space for making scoring shots on the opponent's goal. When not in possession of the ball numerical superiority is used to isolate and channel an opponent in possession and 'mark out' any passing options so that an interception or a tackle may be made to gain possession. Highly skillful players can sometimes get the better of more than one opponent and retain the ball and successfully pass or shoot but this tends to use more energy than quick early passing. </p><p>Every player has a role depending on their relationship to the ball if the team communicates throughout the play of the game. There will be players on the ball (offensively – ball carriers; defensively – pressure, support players, and movement players. </p><p>The main methods by which the ball is moved around the field by players are a) passing b) pushing the ball and running with it controlled to the front or right of the body and c) "dribbling"; where the player controls the ball with the stick and moves in various directions with it to elude opponents. To make a pass the ball may be propelled with a pushing stroke, where the player uses their wrists to push the stick head through the ball while the stick head is in contact with it; the "flick" or "scoop", similar to the push but with an additional arm and leg and rotational actions to lift the ball off the ground; and the "hit", where a swing at ball is taken and contact with it is often made very forcefully, causing the ball to be propelled at velocities in excess of 70 mph (110 km/h). In order to produce a powerful hit, usually for travel over long distances or shooting at the goal, the stick is raised higher and swung with maximum power at the ball, a stroke sometimes known as a "drive". </p><p>Tackles are made by placing the stick into the path of the ball or playing the stick head or shaft directly at the ball. To increase the effectiveness of the tackle, players will often place the entire stick close to the ground horizontally, thus representing a wider barrier. To avoid the tackle, the ball carrier will either pass the ball to a teammate using any of the push, flick, or hit strokes, or attempt to maneuver or "drag" the ball around the tackle, trying to deceive the tackler. </p><p>In recent years, the <a href="/wiki/Penalty_corner_(field_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Penalty corner (field hockey)">penalty corner</a> has gained importance as a goal scoring opportunity. Particularly with the technical development of the <a href="/wiki/Drag_flick_(field_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Drag flick (field hockey)">drag flick</a>. Tactics at penalty corners to set up time for a shot with a drag flick or a hit shot at the goal involve various complex plays, including multiple passes before deflections towards the goal is made but the most common method of shooting is the direct flick or hit at the goal. </p><p>At the highest level, field hockey is a fast moving, highly skilled game, with players using fast moves with the stick, quick accurate passing, and hard hits, in attempts to keep possession and move the ball towards the goal. Tackling with physical contact and otherwise physically obstructing players is not permitted. Some of the tactics used resemble football (soccer), but with greater ball speed. </p><p>With the 2009 changes to the rules regarding free hits in the attacking 23 m area, the common tactic of hitting the ball hard into the circle was forbidden. Although at higher levels this was considered tactically risky and low-percentage at creating scoring opportunities, it was used with some effect to 'win' penalty corners by forcing the ball onto a defender's foot or to deflect high (and dangerously) off a defender's stick. The FIH felt it was a dangerous practice that could easily lead to raised deflections and injuries in the circle, which is often crowded at a free-hit situation, and outlawed it. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_competition">International competition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: International competition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/International_field_hockey_tournaments" class="mw-redirect" title="International field hockey tournaments">International field hockey tournaments</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Field_hockey" title="Special:EditPage/Field hockey">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GB_v_Argentina_2016_CT_(27151811463).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/GB_v_Argentina_2016_CT_%2827151811463%29.jpg/300px-GB_v_Argentina_2016_CT_%2827151811463%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/GB_v_Argentina_2016_CT_%2827151811463%29.jpg/450px-GB_v_Argentina_2016_CT_%2827151811463%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/GB_v_Argentina_2016_CT_%2827151811463%29.jpg/600px-GB_v_Argentina_2016_CT_%2827151811463%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2939" data-file-height="2159" /></a><figcaption>Great Britain's women's hockey players with their goal-keeper during a <a href="/wiki/2016_Women%27s_Hockey_Champions_Trophy" title="2016 Women's Hockey Champions Trophy">2016 Champions Trophy</a> match</figcaption></figure> <p>The biggest two field hockey tournaments are the <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Field hockey at the Summer Olympics">Olympic Games</a> tournament, and the <a href="/wiki/Hockey_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Hockey World Cup">Hockey World Cup</a>, which is also held every four years. Apart from this, there is the <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_FIH_Pro_League" title="Men's FIH Pro League">men's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_FIH_Pro_League" title="Women's FIH Pro League">women's</a> Pro League held each year for the nine top-ranked teams. </p><p>Of the men's teams, Pakistan has won the <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_FIH_Hockey_World_Cup" title="Men's FIH Hockey World Cup">Hockey World Cup</a> four times, more times than any other side. India has won the Hockey at the Summer Olympics eight times, including in six successive Olympiads. Of the female teams, the Netherlands has won the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_FIH_Hockey_World_Cup" title="Women's FIH Hockey World Cup">Hockey World cup</a> the most times, with six titles. At the Olympics, Australia and the Netherlands have both won three Olympic tournaments. </p><p><a href="/wiki/India_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="India men's national field hockey team">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Pakistan men's national field hockey team">Pakistan</a> dominated men's hockey until the early 1980s, winning eight Olympic golds and three of the first five world cups, respectively, but have become less prominent with the ascendancy of <a href="/wiki/Belgium_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Belgium men's national field hockey team">Belgium</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Netherlands men's national field hockey team">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Germany men's national field hockey team">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="New Zealand men's national field hockey team">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Australia men's national field hockey team">Australia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spain_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Spain men's national field hockey team">Spain</a> since the late 1980s, as grass playing surfaces were replaced with artificial turf. Other notable men's nations include <a href="/wiki/Argentina_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Argentina men's national field hockey team">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/England_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="England men's national field hockey team">England</a> (who combine with other British "Home Nations" to form the <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Great Britain men's national field hockey team">Great Britain</a> side at <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Field hockey at the Summer Olympics">Olympic events</a>) and <a href="/wiki/South_Korea_men%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="South Korea men's national field hockey team">South Korea</a>. </p><p>The Netherlands, Australia and Argentina are the most successful national teams among women. The <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_women%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Netherlands women's national field hockey team">Netherlands</a> was the predominant women's team before field hockey was added to Olympic events. In the early 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Australia_women%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Australia women's national field hockey team">Australia</a> emerged as the strongest women's country, though retirement of a number of players has weakened the team somewhat. <a href="/wiki/Argentina_women%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Argentina women's national field hockey team">Argentina</a> improved its play in the 2000s, heading IFH rankings in 2003, 2010 and 2013. Other prominent women's teams are <a href="/wiki/Germany_women%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Germany women's national field hockey team">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_women%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="Great Britain women's national field hockey team">Great Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/China_women%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="China women's national field hockey team">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea_women%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="South Korea women's national field hockey team">South Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/India_women%27s_national_field_hockey_team" title="India women's national field hockey team">India</a>. Four nations have won <a href="/wiki/Major_achievements_in_field_hockey_by_nation#Field_hockey_and_indoor_field_hockey" title="Major achievements in field hockey by nation">Olympic gold medals in both men's and women's hockey</a>: Germany, Netherlands, Australia and Great Britain. </p><p>As of January 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> the Australian men's team and the Dutch women's teams lead the FIH world rankings. </p><p>For a couple of years, Belgium has emerged as a leading nation, with a World Champions title (2018), a European Champions title (2019), a silver medal (2016) followed with a title (2021) at the Olympics, and a lead in the FIH men's team world ranking. </p><p>This is a list of the major international field hockey tournaments, in chronological order. Tournaments included are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Field hockey at the Summer Olympics">Olympic Games</a> (women's and men's versions) – held every four years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_FIH_Hockey_World_Cup" title="Women's FIH Hockey World Cup">Women's FIH Hockey World Cup</a> and <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_FIH_Hockey_World_Cup" title="Men's FIH Hockey World Cup">Men's FIH Hockey World Cup</a> – held every four years, in between the Olympics.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_FIH_Pro_League" title="Women's FIH Pro League">Women's FIH Pro League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_FIH_Pro_League" title="Men's FIH Pro League">Men's FIH Pro League</a> – held annually since 2019, but not in 2020 because of COVID-19.</li></ul> <p>Defunct tournaments: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_Champions_Trophy" title="Hockey Champions Trophy">Champions Trophy</a> (women's and men's versions) – both replaced by the Pro Leagues.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_Champions_Challenge" class="mw-redirect" title="Hockey Champions Challenge">Champions Challenge</a> (women's and men's versions) – both replaced by the World Hockey Leagues.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_Champions_Challenge_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Hockey Champions Challenge II">Champions Challenge II</a> (women's and men's versions) – both replaced by the World Hockey Leagues.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_FIH_Hockey_World_League" title="Women's FIH Hockey World League">Women's FIH Hockey World League</a> and <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_FIH_Hockey_World_League" title="Men's FIH Hockey World League">Men's FIH Hockey World League</a> – both replaced by the Pro Leagues.</li></ul> <p>Other international tournaments include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_African_Games" title="Field hockey at the African Games">African Games</a> – held occasionally since 1987.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_Asian_Games" title="Field hockey at the Asian Games">Asian Games</a> – held every four years since 1958.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_at_the_Commonwealth_Games" title="Hockey at the Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a> – held every four years since 1998 between members of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_Pan_American_Games" title="Field hockey at the Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a> – held every four years since 1967.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Azlan_Shah_Hockey_Tournament" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Azlan Shah Hockey Tournament">Sultan Azlan Shah Hockey Tournament</a> – held annually in Malaysia, an invitational tournament. Not held since 2020.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor_Cup" title="Sultan of Johor Cup">Sultan Ibrahim Ismail Hockey Tournament</a> – held annually for athletes aged under-21 in Malaysia, an invitational tournament. Not held in 2020.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Indoor_hockey" title="Indoor hockey">Indoor hockey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">Bandy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hockey_9s" title="Hockey 9s">Hockey 9s</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Minkey" title="Minkey">Minkey</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indoor_field_hockey">Indoor field hockey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Indoor field hockey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A popular variant of field hockey is <a href="/wiki/Indoor_hockey" title="Indoor hockey">indoor hockey</a>, which is 6-a-side (5-a-side during 2014–2015) using a field which is reduced to approximately 40 m × 20 m (131 ft × 66 ft). Although many of the rules remain the same, including obstruction and feet, there are several key variations: players may not raise the ball unless shooting at goal, players may not hit the ball, instead using pushes to transfer it, and the sidelines are replaced with solid barriers, from which the ball will rebound and remain in play.<sup id="cite_ref-International_Hockey_Federation_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_Hockey_Federation-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the regulation guidelines for the indoor field hockey stick require a slightly thinner, lighter stick than an outdoor one.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hockey5s">Hockey5s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Hockey5s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Hockey5s</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Highest <a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">governing body</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/International_Hockey_Federation" title="International Hockey Federation">International Hockey Federation</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Contact</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Yes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Team members</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">5 per side (30 Minutes in 2 period)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Hockey5s</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Equipment</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Hockey_ball" class="mw-redirect" title="Hockey ball">hockey ball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hockey_stick" title="Hockey stick">hockey stick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mouthguard" title="Mouthguard">mouthguard</a>, gloves, <a href="/wiki/Shin_guards" class="mw-redirect" title="Shin guards">shinpads</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Presence</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/World_championship" title="World championship">World Championships</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/2024_Hockey5s_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Hockey5s World Cup">2024</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Games" title="World Games">World Games</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">No</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As the name suggests, Hockey5s is a hockey variant which features five players on each team (including a goalkeeper). The field of play is 55 m long and 41.70 m wide—this is approximately half the size of a <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_pitch" title="Field hockey pitch">regular pitch</a>. Few additional markings are needed as there is no penalty circle nor penalty corners; shots can be taken from anywhere on the pitch. Penalty strokes are replaced by a "challenge" which is like the one-on-one method used in a <a href="/wiki/Penalty_shoot-out_(field_hockey)" title="Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)">penalty shoot-out</a>. The duration of the match is three 12-minute periods with an interval of two minutes between periods; <a href="/wiki/Golden_goal" title="Golden goal">golden goal</a> periods are multiple 5-minute periods. The rules are simpler and it is intended that the game is faster, creating more shots on goal with less play in midfield, and more attractive to spectators.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An Asian qualification tournament for two places at the <a href="/wiki/2014_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2014 Summer Youth Olympics">2014 Youth Olympic Games</a> was the first time an FIH event used the Hockey5s format.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hockey5s was also used for the <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_Pacific_Games" title="Field hockey at the Pacific Games">Pacific Games</a> in 2015<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at the <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_2018_African_Youth_Games" title="Field hockey at the 2018 African Youth Games">African Youth Games</a> in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, the FIH staged its first senior international Hockey5s event, with a <a href="/wiki/2022_Men%27s_FIH_Hockey5s" title="2022 Men's FIH Hockey5s">men's</a> and <a href="/wiki/2022_Women%27s_FIH_Hockey5s" title="2022 Women's FIH Hockey5s">women's</a> event being held in <a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/FIH_Men%27s_Hockey5s_World_Cup" title="FIH Men's Hockey5s World Cup">FIH Men's Hockey5s World Cup</a> and <a href="/wiki/FIH_Women%27s_Hockey5s_World_Cup" title="FIH Women's Hockey5s World Cup">FIH Women's Hockey5s World Cup</a> are set to debut in 2024. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>NOTE:</b> Many of the sources here are suspect and may be unreliable. <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Check-blue.svg/15px-Check-blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Check-blue.svg/23px-Check-blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Check-blue.svg/30px-Check-blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> indicates a reference has been reviewed and is approved. All ticks will be removed when the article reconstruction is complete. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fieldhockeybc.com/about/about-field-hockey/">"About Field Hockey | Field Hockey BC"</a>. 30 November 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706050116/https://fieldhockeybc.com/about/about-field-hockey/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Field+Hockey+%7C+Field+Hockey+BC&rft.date=2016-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffieldhockeybc.com%2Fabout%2Fabout-field-hockey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AField+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hoh-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hoh_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hoh_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Check-blue.svg/15px-Check-blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Check-blue.svg/23px-Check-blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Check-blue.svg/30px-Check-blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fih.ch/hockey-basics/history/"><i>History of Hockey</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220804212017/http://fih.ch/hockey-basics/history/">Archived</a> 4 August 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. FIH. Retrieved 4 August 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stein_&_Rubino_2008-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stein_&_Rubino_2008_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stein_&_Rubino_2008_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stein_&_Rubino_2008_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stein_&_Rubino_2008_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stein_&_Rubino_2008_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Check-blue.svg/15px-Check-blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Check-blue.svg/23px-Check-blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Check-blue.svg/30px-Check-blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinRubino2008" class="citation book cs1">Stein, Victor; Rubino, Paul (2008) [1994]. <i>The Billiard Encyclopedia</i> (3rd ed.). New York: Balkline Press. pp. 2, 4, 5, 14, 27, 33, 34, 37, 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780615170923" title="Special:BookSources/9780615170923"><bdi>9780615170923</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Billiard+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=2%2C+4%2C+5%2C+14%2C+27%2C+33%2C+34%2C+37%2C+40&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Balkline+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780615170923&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft.au=Rubino%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AField+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Check-blue.svg/15px-Check-blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Check-blue.svg/23px-Check-blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Check-blue.svg/30px-Check-blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span>Oikonomos, G. "Κερητίζοντες". Archaiologikon Deltion 6 (1920–1921): 56–59; there are clear depictions of the game, but the identification with the name κερητίζειν is <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sarantakos.wordpress.com/2010/03/29/keretizein/">disputed</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141225153012/http://sarantakos.wordpress.com/2010/03/29/keretizein/">Archived</a> 25 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hellenisteukontos.blogspot.com/2010/03/ancient-greek-field-hockey.html">English summary</a> ).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanaji_Lakde2019" class="citation book cs1">Tanaji Lakde, Atul (2019). <i>Field Hockey- National Game of India in General Parlance</i>. Ashok yakkaldevi. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-359-69487-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-359-69487-7"><bdi>978-0-359-69487-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Field+Hockey-+National+Game+of+India+in+General+Parlance&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Ashok+yakkaldevi&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0-359-69487-7&rft.aulast=Tanaji+Lakde&rft.aufirst=Atul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AField+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGrath2008" class="citation news cs1">McGrath, Charles (22 August 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/23/sports/olympics/23hockey.html">"A Chinese Hinterland, Fertile with Field Hockey"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128123630/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/23/sports/olympics/23hockey.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Chinese+Hinterland%2C+Fertile+with+Field+Hockey&rft.date=2008-08-22&rft.aulast=McGrath&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F08%2F23%2Fsports%2Folympics%2F23hockey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AField+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170305165920/http://www.surfersfieldhockey.com/history">"History of Field Hockey"</a>. <i>Surfers Field Hockey</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.surfersfieldhockey.com/history">the original</a> on 5 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Surfers+Field+Hockey&rft.atitle=History+of+Field+Hockey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surfersfieldhockey.com%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AField+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ahockeyworld.net/where-was-field-hockey-invented/">"Where was field hockey invented? The history of hockey as we know it!"</a>. <i>A Hockey World</i>. 8 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170117150714/http://www.ahockeyworld.net/where-was-field-hockey-invented/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Hockey+World&rft.atitle=Where+was+field+hockey+invented%3F+The+history+of+hockey+as+we+know+it%21&rft.date=2017-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahockeyworld.net%2Fwhere-was-field-hockey-invented%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AField+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-exp-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-exp_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rugbyfootballhistory.com/originsofrugby.htm">"Rugby Football History"</a>. Rugby Football History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200415201837/http://www.rugbyfootballhistory.com/originsofrugby.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rugby+Football+History&rft.pub=Rugby+Football+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rugbyfootballhistory.com%2Foriginsofrugby.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AField+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEisen2006" class="citation news cs1">Eisen, Matt (12 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2006/10/12/in-america-field-hockey-still-toils-in-obscurity/">"In America, field hockey still toils in obscurity"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yale_Daily_News" title="Yale Daily News">Yale Daily News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161223063521/http://yaledailynews.com/blog/2006/10/12/in-america-field-hockey-still-toils-in-obscurity/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2017</span>. <q>The American game is regionally centered. The most intense support and popularity extends from Massachusetts down the Eastern seaboard to Virginia and pretty much stops there. The best programs tend to be in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, though states like Maryland and Delaware are slowing growing field hockey prowess.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+Daily+News&rft.atitle=In+America%2C+field+hockey+still+toils+in+obscurity&rft.date=2006-10-12&rft.aulast=Eisen&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fyaledailynews.com%2Fblog%2F2006%2F10%2F12%2Fin-america-field-hockey-still-toils-in-obscurity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AField+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer-Baum2012" class="citation web cs1">Fischer-Baum, Reuben (8 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadspin.com/5958476/field-hockey-america-vs-rodeo-america-mapping-the-nations-regional-sports-mapping-american-regional-sports">"Field Hockey America vs. Rodeo America: Mapping The Faultlines of America's Regional Sports"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deadspin" title="Deadspin">Deadspin</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170205100336/http://deadspin.com/5958476/field-hockey-america-vs-rodeo-america-mapping-the-nations-regional-sports-mapping-american-regional-sports">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadspin&rft.atitle=Field+Hockey+America+vs.+Rodeo+America%3A+Mapping+The+Faultlines+of+America%27s+Regional+Sports&rft.date=2012-11-08&rft.aulast=Fischer-Baum&rft.aufirst=Reuben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdeadspin.com%2F5958476%2Ffield-hockey-america-vs-rodeo-america-mapping-the-nations-regional-sports-mapping-american-regional-sports&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AField+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanadian_Association_for_Health,_Physical_Education_and_Recreation1966" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CzHVAAAAMAAJ&q=%22grass+hockey">"Physical education and training"</a>. <i>Journal of the Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation</i>. 33–34. Canadian Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: 27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207053856/https://books.google.com/books?id=CzHVAAAAMAAJ&q=%22grass+hockey">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2021</span>. <q>A junior high school should provide interschool competition in at least 6 or 7 of the following areas: touch football, soccer, <b>grass hockey</b>...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Canadian+Association+for+Health%2C+Physical+Education+and+Recreation&rft.atitle=Physical+education+and+training&rft.volume=33-34&rft.pages=27&rft.date=1966&rft.au=Canadian+Association+for+Health%2C+Physical+Education+and+Recreation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCzHVAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522grass%2Bhockey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AField+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bandyforbundet.no/?p=95">"Landhockey"</a>. <i>bandyforbundet.no</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118051824/http://bandyforbundet.no/?p=95">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bandyforbundet.no&rft.atitle=Landhockey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbandyforbundet.no%2F%3Fp%3D95&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AField+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEganConnolly2005" class="citation book cs1">Egan, Tracie; Connolly, Helen (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3BNMr7U8e9wC&q=%22Hockey%22+circle+Teddington&pg=PA5"><i>Field Hockey: Rules, Tips, Strategy, and Safety</i></a>. The Rosen Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-404-20182-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-404-20182-8"><bdi>978-1-404-20182-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207053856/https://books.google.com/books?id=3BNMr7U8e9wC&q=%22Hockey%22+circle+Teddington&pg=PA5">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hockey.ie/contentPage/114468/about">the original</a> on 27 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=faculty.elmira.edu&rft.atitle=Timeline+of+Women+in+Sports&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.elmira.edu%2Fdmaluso%2Fsports%2Ftimeline%2Ffieldhockey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AField+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Check-blue.svg/15px-Check-blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Check-blue.svg/23px-Check-blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Check-blue.svg/30px-Check-blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100817214039/http://www.englandhockey.co.uk/page.asp?section=70&sectionTitle=Clubs">"Hockey in England: Clubs"</a>. <i>EnglandHockey.co.uk</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=New+format+the+key+to+a+brighter+future+for+Pacific+hockey%3F&rft.date=2015-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2015-07-16%2Fnew-format-the-key-to-a-brighter-future-for-pacific-hockey%2F6625836&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AField+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tms.fih.ch/competitions/979#summary">"International Hockey Federation"</a>. <i>International Hockey Federation</i>. 1 June 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Hockey+Federation&rft.atitle=International+Hockey+Federation&rft.date=2024-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftms.fih.ch%2Fcompetitions%2F979%23summary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AField+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fih.hockey/fih-hockeys-lausanne/news/fih-hockey5s-lausanne-to-be-held-on-4-5-june-2022">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'FIH Hockey5s Lausanne' to be held on 4-5 June 2022"</a>. <i>International Hockey Federation</i>. 17 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230207054019/https://www.fih.hockey/events/hockey5s-lausanne-2022/news/fih-hockey5s-lausanne-to-be-held-on-4-5-june-2022">Archived</a> from the original on 7 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Hockey+Federation&rft.atitle=%27FIH+Hockey5s+Lausanne%27+to+be+held+on+4-5+June+2022&rft.date=2021-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fih.hockey%2Ffih-hockeys-lausanne%2Fnews%2Ffih-hockey5s-lausanne-to-be-held-on-4-5-june-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AField+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fih.ch/media/13523568/fih-rules-of-hockey-jan2022-final-updated_001.pdf"><i>Rules of Hockey (effective from 1 January 2022)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. FIH. 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rules+of+Hockey+%28effective+from+1+January+2022%29&rft.pub=FIH&rft.date=2022&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fih.ch%2Fmedia%2F13523568%2Ffih-rules-of-hockey-jan2022-final-updated_001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AField+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Field_hockey&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/field_hockey" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/field hockey">field hockey</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Field_hockey" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Field hockey">Field hockey</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/tournaments/top-stories/New-hockey-laws-ended-Indias-rule/articleshow/5623020.cms">"New hockey laws ended India's rule – summary of some historical rule changes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i>. 27 February 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=New+hockey+laws+ended+India%27s+rule+%E2%80%93+summary+of+some+historical+rule+changes&rft.date=2010-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fsports%2Ftournaments%2Ftop-stories%2FNew-hockey-laws-ended-Indias-rule%2Farticleshow%2F5623020.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AField+hockey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sitedesq.sportstg.com/customdata/index.cfm?fuseaction=display_main&ItemID=81436&OrgID=12979">History of Field Hockey Rules</a>. <i>sitedesq.sportstg.com</i>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Field_Hockey" title="Template:Field Hockey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Field_Hockey" title="Template talk:Field Hockey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Field_Hockey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Field Hockey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Field_hockey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Field hockey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Game</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_field_hockey" title="History of field hockey">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_pitch" title="Field hockey pitch">Pitch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Offside_(field_hockey)" title="Offside (field hockey)">Offside</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_stick" title="Field hockey stick">Stick</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Positions">Positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umpire_(field_hockey)" title="Umpire (field hockey)">Umpire</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emoji_u1f3d1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Emoji_u1f3d1.svg/60px-Emoji_u1f3d1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Emoji_u1f3d1.svg/90px-Emoji_u1f3d1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Emoji_u1f3d1.svg/120px-Emoji_u1f3d1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Penalty_corner" title="Penalty corner">Penalty corner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penalty_stroke" title="Penalty stroke">Penalty stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penalty_shoot-out_(field_hockey)" title="Penalty shoot-out (field hockey)">Penalty shoot-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_flick" title="Drag flick">Drag flick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_dribble" title="Indian dribble">Indian dribble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_hockey" title="Indoor hockey">Indoor hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">Bandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_9s" title="Hockey 9s">Hockey 9s</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Hockey5s">Hockey5s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khong_kangjei" title="Khong kangjei">Khong kangjei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mini hockey">Mini hockey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Field_hockey" title="Category:Field hockey">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Field_hockey" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Field hockey">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_field_hockey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:International_field_hockey" title="Template:International field hockey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:International_field_hockey" title="Template talk:International field hockey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:International_field_hockey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:International field hockey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_field_hockey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_field_hockey_tournaments" class="mw-redirect" title="International field hockey tournaments">International</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">field hockey</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Hockey_Federation" title="International Hockey Federation">FIH</a></li> <li>World Cup <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_FIH_Hockey_World_Cup" title="Men's FIH Hockey World Cup">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_FIH_Hockey_World_Cup" title="Women's FIH Hockey World Cup">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_FIH_Hockey_Junior_World_Cup" title="Men's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup">Men Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_FIH_Hockey_Junior_World_Cup" title="Women's FIH Hockey Junior World Cup">Women Junior</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pro League <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_FIH_Pro_League" title="Men's FIH Pro League">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_FIH_Pro_League" title="Women's FIH Pro League">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nations Cup <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_FIH_Hockey_Nations_Cup" title="Men's FIH Hockey Nations Cup">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_FIH_Hockey_Nations_Cup" title="Women's FIH Hockey Nations Cup">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li>Nations Cup 2 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_FIH_Hockey_Nations_Cup_2" title="Men's FIH Hockey Nations Cup 2">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_FIH_Hockey_Nations_Cup_2" title="Women's FIH Hockey Nations Cup 2">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Field hockey at the Summer Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li>Hockey5s World Cup <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FIH_Men%27s_Hockey5s_World_Cup" title="FIH Men's Hockey5s World Cup">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIH_Women%27s_Hockey5s_World_Cup" title="FIH Women's Hockey5s World Cup">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_Youth_Olympic_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Field hockey at the Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympics</a></li> <li>World Rankings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FIH_Men%27s_World_Ranking" title="FIH Men's World Ranking">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIH_Women%27s_World_Ranking" title="FIH Women's World Ranking">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_achievements_in_field_hockey_by_nation" title="Major achievements in field hockey by nation">Achievements by nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIH_Player_of_the_Year_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="FIH Player of the Year Awards">FIH Player of the Year Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Hockey_Federation" title="African Hockey Federation">AfHF</a> – Africa Cup of Nations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Hockey_Africa_Cup_of_Nations" title="Men's Hockey Africa Cup of Nations">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Hockey_Africa_Cup_of_Nations" title="Women's Hockey Africa Cup of Nations">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Junior_Africa_Cup" title="Men's Junior Africa Cup">Men Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Junior_Africa_Cup" title="Women's Junior Africa Cup">Women Junior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:International_Hockey_Federation_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/International_Hockey_Federation_map.png/220px-International_Hockey_Federation_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/International_Hockey_Federation_map.png/330px-International_Hockey_Federation_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/International_Hockey_Federation_map.png/440px-International_Hockey_Federation_map.png 2x" data-file-width="6680" data-file-height="3084" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Hockey_Federation" title="Pan American Hockey Federation">PAHF</a> – Pan American Cup <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Pan_American_Cup_(field_hockey)" title="Men's Pan American Cup (field hockey)">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Pan_American_Cup" title="Women's Pan American Cup">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Pan_American_Junior_Championship" title="Men's Pan American Junior Championship">Men Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Pan_American_Junior_Championship" title="Women's Pan American Junior Championship">Women Junior</a></li></ul></li> <li>Pan American Challenge <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Pan_American_Challenge" title="Men's Pan American Challenge">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Pan_American_Challenge" title="Women's Pan American Challenge">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li>South American Championship <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_South_American_Hockey_Championship" title="Men's South American Hockey Championship">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_South_American_Hockey_Championship" title="Women's South American Hockey Championship">Women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Hockey_Federation" title="Asian Hockey Federation">AHF</a> – Asia Cup <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Hockey_Asia_Cup" title="Men's Hockey Asia Cup">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Hockey_Asia_Cup" title="Women's Hockey Asia Cup">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Hockey_Junior_Asia_Cup" title="Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup">Men Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Hockey_Junior_Asia_Cup" title="Women's Hockey Junior Asia Cup">Women Junior</a></li></ul></li> <li>Asian Champions Trophy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Asian_Champions_Trophy" title="Men's Asian Champions Trophy">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Asian_Champions_Trophy" title="Women's Asian Champions Trophy">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li>AHF Cup <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_AHF_Cup" title="Men's AHF Cup">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_AHF_Cup" title="Women's AHF Cup">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Junior_AHF_Cup" title="Men's Junior AHF Cup">Men Junior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Junior_AHF_Cup" title="Women's Junior AHF Cup">Women Junior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Hockey_Federation" title="European Hockey Federation">EHF</a> – <a href="/wiki/EuroHockey_Nations_Challenge" title="EuroHockey Nations Challenge">EuroHockey Championships</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_EuroHockey_Championship" title="Men's EuroHockey Championship">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_EuroHockey_Championship" title="Women's EuroHockey Championship">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_EuroHockey_U21_Championship" title="Men's EuroHockey U21 Championship">Men U21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_EuroHockey_U21_Championship" title="Women's EuroHockey U21 Championship">Women U21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EuroHockey_Youth_Championship" title="EuroHockey Youth Championship">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_EuroHockey_Championship_II" title="Men's EuroHockey Championship II">Men II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_EuroHockey_Championship_II" title="Women's EuroHockey Championship II">Women II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_EuroHockey_Championship_III" title="Men's EuroHockey Championship III">Men III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_EuroHockey_Championship_III" title="Women's EuroHockey Championship III">Women III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EuroHockey_Championship_IV" title="EuroHockey Championship IV">Men IV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oceania_Hockey_Federation" title="Oceania Hockey Federation">OHF</a> – Oceania Cup <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Oceania_Cup" title="Men's Oceania Cup">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Oceania_Cup" title="Women's Oceania Cup">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_Oceania_Cup" title="Junior Oceania Cup">Junior</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_African_Games" title="Field hockey at the African Games">African Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_Asian_Games" title="Field hockey at the Asian Games">Asian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="Field hockey at the Central American and Caribbean Games">Central American and Caribbean Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_at_the_Commonwealth_Games" title="Hockey at the Commonwealth Games">Commonwealth Games</a></li> <li>Mediterranean Games</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_Pacific_Games" title="Field hockey at the Pacific Games">Pacific Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_Pan_American_Games" title="Field hockey at the Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_South_American_Games" title="Field hockey at the South American Games">South American Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_South_Asian_Games" title="Field hockey at the South Asian Games">South Asian Games</a></li> <li>SEA Games</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Azlan_Shah_Cup" title="Sultan Azlan Shah Cup">Sultan Azlan Shah Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_of_Johor_Cup" title="Sultan of Johor Cup">Sultan of Johor Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hockey_Champions_Trophy" title="Hockey Champions Trophy">Champions Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FIH_Hockey_Series" title="FIH Hockey Series">Hockey Series</a></li> <li>World League <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_FIH_Hockey_World_League" title="Men's FIH Hockey World League">Men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_FIH_Hockey_World_League" title="Women's FIH Hockey World League">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li>Champions Challenge <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Hockey_Champions_Challenge_I" title="Men's Hockey Champions Challenge I">Men I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Hockey_Champions_Challenge_I" title="Women's Hockey Champions Challenge I">Women I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_Hockey_Champions_Challenge_II" title="Men's Hockey Champions Challenge II">Men II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Hockey_Champions_Challenge_II" title="Women's Hockey Champions Challenge II">Women II</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Team_sports" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Team_sports" title="Template:Team sports"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Team_sports" title="Template talk:Team sports"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Team_sports" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Team sports"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Team_sports" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Team_sport" title="Team sport">Team sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sport" title="Sport">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">Governing bodies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_sport" title="National sport">National sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_sportspeople" title="Lists of sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion games">Invasion games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basket sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_basketball" class="mw-redirect" title="Beach basketball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deaf_basketball" title="Deaf basketball">deaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3x3_basketball" title="3x3 basketball">3x3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_basketball" title="Water basketball">water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_basketball" title="Wheelchair basketball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cestoball" title="Cestoball">Cestoball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dueball" title="Dueball">Dueball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korfball" title="Korfball">Korfball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netball" title="Netball">Netball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fast5_netball" title="Fast5 netball">Fast5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_netball" title="Indoor netball">indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_netball" title="Wheelchair netball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezball" title="Rezball">Rezball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringball" title="Ringball">Ringball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slamball" class="mw-redirect" title="Slamball">Slamball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Football" title="Football">Football</a><br />codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFLX" title="AFLX">AFLX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_football" title="Lightning football">Lightning football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_footy" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro footy">Metro footy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-a-side_footy" title="Nine-a-side footy">Nine-a-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec_footy" title="Rec footy">Rec footy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Gaelic_football" title="Ladies' Gaelic football">Ladies'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_rules_football" title="Circle rules football">Circle rules football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asocciation_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Asocciation football">Asocciation football</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amputee_football" title="Amputee football">amputee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_soccer" title="Beach soccer">beach soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_football" title="Freestyle football">freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_soccer" title="Indoor soccer">Indoor soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minifootball" title="Minifootball">minifootball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_football" title="Paralympic football">paralympic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerchair_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Powerchair Football">powerchair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_soccer" title="Roller soccer">roller soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socca" title="Socca">socca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_football_(association_football)" title="Street football (association football)">street</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gridiron_football" title="Gridiron football">Gridiron</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eight-man_football" title="Eight-man football">eight-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-man_football" title="Nine-man football">nine-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-man_football" title="Six-man football">six-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_football" title="Sprint football">sprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_football_(American)" title="Touch football (American)">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_Football_(American)" title="Wheelchair Football (American)">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">Arena football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hybrid_sports" title="List of hybrid sports">Hybrid</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austus" title="Austus">Austus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eton_wall_game" title="Eton wall game">Eton wall game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rules_football" title="International rules football">International rules football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_rules" title="Samoa rules">Samoa rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedball_(American_ball_game)" title="Speedball (American ball game)">Speedball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_football_(code)" title="Swedish football (code)">Swedish football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_football" title="Universal football">Universal football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volata" title="Volata">Volata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_football" title="Medieval football">Medieval/historical<br />football</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba game">Ba game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caid_(sport)" title="Caid (sport)">Caid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcio_Fiorentino" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcio Fiorentino">Calcio fiorentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camping_(game)" title="Camping (game)">Camping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">Cornish hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuju" title="Cuju">Cuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpastum" title="Harpastum">Harpastum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemari" title="Kemari">Kemari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_soule" title="La soule">La soule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelo_burti" title="Lelo burti">Lelo burti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marn_Grook" title="Marn Grook">Marn grook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasuckuakohowog" title="Pasuckuakohowog">Pasuckuakohowog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Shrovetide_Football" title="Royal Shrovetide Football">Royal Shrovetide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppies_and_Downies" title="Uppies and Downies">Uppies and downies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">Rugby</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">Rugby league</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masters_Rugby_League" title="Masters Rugby League">masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_league" title="Mod league">mod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_nines" title="Rugby league nines">nines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_sevens" title="Rugby league sevens">sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_rugby" title="Tag rugby">tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby_league" title="Wheelchair rugby league">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_flag_rugby" title="American flag rugby">American flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_rugby" title="Beach rugby">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_rugby" title="Mini rugby">mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_rugby" title="Snow rugby">snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_rugby" title="Tag rugby">tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambo_rugby" title="Tambo rugby">Tambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_rugby" title="Touch rugby">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_tens" title="Rugby tens">tens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_X" title="Rugby X">X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_(sport)" title="Touch (sport)">Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby" title="Wheelchair rugby">Wheelchair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other related codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuju" title="Cuju">Cuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%AB-o-rahi" title="Kī-o-rahi">Kī-o-rahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jegichagi" title="Jegichagi">Jegichagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubi_lakpi" title="Yubi lakpi">Yubi lakpi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stick-and-ball<br />sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando_(sport)" title="Bando (sport)">Bando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cammag" title="Cammag">Cammag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateball" title="Gateball">Gateball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camogie" title="Camogie">Camogie</a></li> <li>Super11s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_rules_shinty%E2%80%93hurling" title="Composite rules shinty–hurling">Shinty–Hurling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_North_American_stickball" title="Indigenous North American stickball">Indigenous North American stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iomain" title="Iomain">Iomain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knattleikr" title="Knattleikr">Knattleikr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knotty" title="Knotty">Knotty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">Lacrosse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_lacrosse" title="Box lacrosse">box/indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_lacrosse" title="Field lacrosse">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercrosse" title="Intercrosse">intercrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_lacrosse" title="Women's lacrosse">women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritinis" title="Ritinis">Ritinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinty" title="Shinty">Shinty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composite_rules_shinty%E2%80%93hurling" title="Composite rules shinty–hurling">Shinty–Hurling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey">Hockey</a> sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_hockey" title="Ball hockey">Ball hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">Bandy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rink_bandy" title="Rink bandy">rink</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broomball" title="Broomball">Broomball</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Field hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_hockey" title="Indoor hockey">indoor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_hockey" title="Floor hockey">Floor hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floorball" title="Floorball">Floorball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pond_hockey" title="Pond hockey">pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_hockey" title="Power hockey">power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sledge_hockey" title="Sledge hockey">ice sledge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringette" title="Ringette">Ringette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinkball" title="Rinkball">Rinkball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey" title="Roller hockey">Roller hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roller_in-line_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Roller in-line hockey">in-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey_(quad)" title="Roller hockey (quad)">quad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossall_Hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossall Hockey">Rossall hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinny" title="Shinny">Shinny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_hockey" title="Street hockey">Street hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_hockey" title="Underwater hockey">Underwater hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle_hockey" title="Unicycle hockey">Unicycle hockey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a> sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_polo" title="Auto polo">Auto polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_polo" title="Cowboy polo">Cowboy polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_polo" title="Cycle polo">Cycle polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_polo" title="Elephant polo">Elephant polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobby_horse_polo" title="Hobby horse polo">Hobby horse polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseball" title="Horseball">Horseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motoball" title="Motoball">Motoball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pato" title="Pato">Pato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_polo" title="Arena polo">Arena polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chovgan" title="Chovgan">Chovgan</a></li> <li>Snow polo</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polocrosse" title="Polocrosse">Polocrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segway_polo" title="Segway polo">Segway polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak_polo" title="Yak polo">Yak polo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other ball sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angleball" title="Angleball">Angleball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_ball" title="Cycle ball">Cycle ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodgeball" title="Dodgeball">Dodgeball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flickerball" title="Flickerball">Flickerball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gain-ground" title="Gain-ground">Gain-ground</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balle_%C3%A0_la_main" title="Balle à la main">Balle à la main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballon_au_poing" title="Ballon au poing">Ballon au poing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeu_de_paume" title="Jeu de paume">Jeu de paume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longue_paume" title="Longue paume">Longue paume</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goalball" title="Goalball">Goalball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">Handball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_handball" title="Beach handball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_handball" title="Czech handball">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_handball" title="Field handball">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_handball" title="Wheelchair handball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaatsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaatsen">Kaatsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kin-Ball" title="Kin-Ball">Kin-Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagori" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagori">Lagori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballgame" title="Mesoamerican ballgame">Mesoamerican ballgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelota_mixteca" title="Pelota mixteca">Pelota mixteca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisonball" title="Prisonball">Prisonball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushball" title="Pushball">Pushball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quidditch_(real-life_sport)" title="Quidditch (real-life sport)">Quidditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_ball" title="Roll ball">Roll ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamburello" title="Tamburello">Tamburello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchoukball" title="Tchoukball">Tchoukball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulama_(game)" title="Ulama (game)">Ulama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_pilota" title="Valencian pilota">Valencian pilota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Llargues" title="Llargues">Llargues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlyball" title="Whirlyball">Whirlyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukigassen" title="Yukigassen">Yukigassen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bat-and-ball_games" title="Bat-and-ball games">Bat-and-ball<br />games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Variations_of_baseball" title="Variations of baseball">Baseball variants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball5" title="Baseball5">Baseball5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A4nnboll" title="Brännboll">Brännboll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corkball" title="Corkball">Corkball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickball" title="Kickball">Kickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matball" title="Matball">Matball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-the-line" title="Over-the-line">Over-the-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pes%C3%A4pallo" title="Pesäpallo">Pesäpallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlagball" title="Schlagball">Schlagball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">Softball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fastpitch_softball" title="Fastpitch softball">Fastpitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-inch_softball" title="16-inch softball">16-inch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickball_(street_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stickball (street game)">Stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitilla" title="Vitilla">Vitilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_baseball" title="British baseball">British baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="English baseball">English baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh baseball">Welsh baseball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiffle_ball" title="Wiffle ball">Wiffle ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_ball" title="Town ball">Town ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireball" title="Wireball">Wireball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forms_of_cricket" title="Forms of cricket">Cricket variants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">One Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty20_International" title="Twenty20 International">Twenty20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_cricket" title="Indoor cricket">Indoor cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigoro" title="Vigoro">Vigoro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_longball" title="Danish longball">Danish longball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapta_(game)" title="Lapta (game)">Lapta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oin%C4%83" title="Oină">Oină</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoolball" title="Stoolball">Stoolball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Net_and_wall_games" title="Net and wall games">Net and wall games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_badminton" title="Ball badminton">Ball badminton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biribol" title="Biribol">Biribol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossaball" title="Bossaball">Bossaball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fistball" title="Fistball">Fistball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fives" title="Fives">Fives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eton_fives" title="Eton fives">Eton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_fives" title="Rugby fives">Rugby</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footbag_net" title="Footbag net">Footbag net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_tennis" title="Football tennis">Football tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footvolley" title="Footvolley">Footvolley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianzi" title="Jianzi">Jianzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jokgu" title="Jokgu">Jokgu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcomb_ball" title="Newcomb ball">Newcomb ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peteca" title="Peteca">Peteca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepak_takraw" title="Sepak takraw">Sepak takraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teqball" title="Teqball">teqball‎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throwball" title="Throwball">Throwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitting_volleyball" title="Sitting volleyball">sitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_volleyball" title="Standing volleyball">standing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball_variations#Pioneerball" title="Volleyball variations">pioneerball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_volleyball" title="Snow volleyball">snow</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tag_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag sports">Tag sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kho_kho" title="Kho kho">Kho kho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Chase_Tag" title="World Chase Tag">World Chase Tag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Water_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Water sports">Water sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_swimming" title="Synchronized swimming">Synchronized swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_football" title="Underwater football">Underwater football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_rugby" title="Underwater rugby">Underwater rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">Water polo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_polo" title="Canoe polo">canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_tube_water_polo" title="Inner tube water polo">inner tube</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yacht_racing" title="Yacht racing">Yacht racing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other non-ball sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airsoft" title="Airsoft">Airsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo-taoshi" title="Bo-taoshi">Bo-taoshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzkashi" title="Buzkashi">Buzkashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_(juggling)" title="Combat (juggling)">Combat (juggling)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_curling" title="Wheelchair curling">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guts_(flying_disc_game)" title="Guts (flying disc game)">Guts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornussen" title="Hornussen">Hornussen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jereed" title="Jereed">Jereed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makura-Nage" title="Makura-Nage">Makura-Nage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paintball" title="Paintball">Paintball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_derby" title="Roller derby">Roller derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_skating" title="Synchronized skating">Synchronized skating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_of_war" title="Tug of war">Tug of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate (sport)">Ultimate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Summer_Olympic_sports" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Olympic_sports" title="Olympic sports">Summer Olympic sports</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mandatory sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aquatic_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Aquatic sports">Aquatics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synchronized_swimming" title="Synchronized swimming">Artistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_(sport)" title="Diving (sport)">Diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_water_swimming" title="Open water swimming">Marathon Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">Water polo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">Archery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">Badminton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3x3_basketball" title="3x3 basketball">3x3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing" title="Boxing">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoeing" title="Canoeing">Canoeing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_slalom" title="Canoe slalom">Canoe slalom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoe_sprint" title="Canoe sprint">Canoe sprint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">Cycling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BMX_racing" title="BMX racing">BMX racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_BMX" title="Freestyle BMX">Freestyle BMX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike_racing" title="Mountain bike racing">Mountain biking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_bicycle_racing" title="Road bicycle racing">Road cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">Track cycling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">Equestrian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dressage" title="Dressage">Dressage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eventing" title="Eventing">Eventing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_jumping" title="Show jumping">Show jumping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">Fencing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Field hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf" title="Golf">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">Gymnastics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artistic_gymnastics" title="Artistic gymnastics">Artistic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhythmic_gymnastics" title="Rhythmic gymnastics">Rhythmic gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trampolining" title="Trampolining">Trampolining</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">Handball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo" title="Judo">Judo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_pentathlon" title="Modern pentathlon">Modern pentathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowing_(sport)" title="Rowing (sport)">Rowing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">Rugby sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_(sport)" title="Sailing (sport)">Sailing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_sports" title="Shooting sports">Shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skateboarding" title="Skateboarding">Skateboarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_climbing" title="Competition climbing">Sport climbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">Surfing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Table_tennis" title="Table tennis">Table tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taekwondo" title="Taekwondo">Taekwondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">Tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">Triathlon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">Beach volleyball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting" title="Olympic weightlifting">Weightlifting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">Wrestling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_wrestling" title="Freestyle wrestling">Freestyle wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_wrestling" title="Greco-Roman wrestling">Greco-Roman wrestling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discretionary sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> / <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">Softball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">Flag football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse_sixes" title="Lacrosse sixes">Lacrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_(sport)" title="Squash (sport)">Squash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Paralympic_sports" title="Paralympic sports">Paralympic sports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Olympic sports">Winter Olympic sports</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Hockey sur gazon"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11961813w">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="pozemní hokej"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph124469&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007531342105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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