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cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Production subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2022_shortage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_shortage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 2022 shortage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_shortage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Applications </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Applications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Applications subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lighting_and_signage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lighting_and_signage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Lighting and signage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lighting_and_signage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Neon</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 173 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-173" aria-hidden="true" > 173 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%AE%E1%8A%95" title="ኒዮን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኒዮን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="नियोन – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="नियोन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="نيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne%C3%B3n" title="Neón – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Neón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="নিয়ন – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নিয়ন" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne%C3%B3n" title="Neón – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Neón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatatendy" title="Tatatendy – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tatatendy" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86" title="نئون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نئون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Néon" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="নিয়ন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নিয়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne-%C3%B3ng" title="Ne-óng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ne-óng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Нэон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нэон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="नियॉन – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नियॉन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BC%8D" title="གསར་རླུང་། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="གསར་རླུང་།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne%C3%B3" title="Neó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Neó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyoni" title="Niyoni – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Niyoni" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neone" title="Neone – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Neone" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="نيون – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نيون" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%AD%C5%82ch%CA%BCi_%C5%82itsxoo%C3%AD" title="Níłchʼi łitsxooí – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Níłchʼi łitsxooí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoon" title="Neoon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Neoon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AD%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Νέον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νέον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne%C3%B3n" title="Neón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Neón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neono" title="Neono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Neono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86" title="نئون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نئون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Néon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne%C3%B6n" title="Neön – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Neön" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoin" title="Neoin – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Neoin" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="氖" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8" title="નિયોન – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નિયોન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1i" title="Nái – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nái" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EC%98%A8" title="네온 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네온" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ea%CA%BBula" title="Eaʻula – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Eaʻula" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Նեոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նեոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="नियोन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नियोन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neono" title="Neono – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Neono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/INkanyihwe" title="INkanyihwe – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="INkanyihwe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F" title="ניאון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ניאון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Néon" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C9%9By%C9%94%C9%94" title="Nɛyɔɔ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Nɛyɔɔ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ನಿಯಾನ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಿಯಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ნეონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნეონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoni" title="Neoni – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Neoni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neyon" title="Neyon – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Neyon" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99" title="ນີອອນ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນີອອນ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neons" title="Neons – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Neons" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonas" title="Neonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Neonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoni" title="Neoni – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Neoni" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ninynavni" title="ninynavni – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ninynavni" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="നിയോൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നിയോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haukura" title="Haukura – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Haukura" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="नियॉन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नियॉन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ნეონი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნეონი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="نيون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯅꯤꯌꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯅꯤꯌꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="နီယွန် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နီယွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yancuiquehcatl" title="Yancuiquehcatl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Yancuiquehcatl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon_(element)" title="Neon (element) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Neon (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="नियोन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नियोन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="नियोन – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="नियोन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3" title="ネオン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネオン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon_(element)" title="Neon (element) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Neon (element)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%A8" title="ନିଅନ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନିଅନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%94%E0%A8%A8" title="ਨੀਔਨ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨੀਔਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="नियोन – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="नियोन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="نیون – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="နီယွန် – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="နီယွန်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="نيون – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="نيون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%84" title="នេអុង – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="នេអុង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Néon" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon_(pierwiastek)" title="Neon (pierwiastek) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Neon (pierwiastek)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Néon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyun" title="Niyun – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Niyun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="नियोन – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="नियोन" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱱ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoni" title="Neoni – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Neoni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="නියෝන් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නියෝන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="نيون – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نيون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne%C3%B3n" title="Neón – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Neón" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%94%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8A" title="Нєонъ – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Нєонъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyoon" title="Niyoon – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Niyoon" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%86" title="نیۆن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Néon" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyon" title="Niyon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Niyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="நியான் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நியான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="నియాన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నియాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="นีออน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นีออน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Неон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Неон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="نیون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%89%D8%A6%D9%88%D9%86_%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%89" title="نىئون گازى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="نىئون گازى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonin" title="Neonin – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Neonin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neyon" title="Neyon – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Neyon" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="氖" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="氖" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%9F" title="נעאן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="נעאן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%E1%BA%B9%CC%81%E1%BB%8D%CC%80n%C3%B9" title="Nẹ́ọ̀nù – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Nẹ́ọ̀nù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="氖" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neon" title="Neon – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Neon" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Neon_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Neon (disambiguation)">Neon (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical element with atomic number 10 (Ne)</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1158442001">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data>.wikitable,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox .periodictable{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data{width:calc(100% - 20px)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data>div{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Neon, 10Ne</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Neon_discharge_tube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Neon_discharge_tube.jpg/220px-Neon_discharge_tube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Neon_discharge_tube.jpg/330px-Neon_discharge_tube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Neon_discharge_tube.jpg/440px-Neon_discharge_tube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2008" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c">Neon</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appearance</th><td class="infobox-data">colorless gas exhibiting an orange-red glow when placed in an electric field</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align: left; color:inherit; background: transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight" title="Standard atomic weight">Standard atomic weight</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Ar°(Ne)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>20.1797±0.0006<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li><li>20.180±0.001 (<a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight#Abridged_atomic_weight" title="Standard atomic weight">abridged</a>)<a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2021-2">[2]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c">Neon in the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; background:#f8f8f8; color:black;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"><div style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Lithium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Beryllium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">Boron</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">Carbon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Oxygen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">Fluorine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Sodium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Silicon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Chlorine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">Potassium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Scandium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">Vanadium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Chromium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Manganese</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Iron</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Cobalt</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Nickel</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Copper</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Gallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Germanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">Arsenic</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Selenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Bromine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Krypton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rubidium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Strontium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zirconium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Molybdenum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Technetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ruthenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cadmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">Indium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Tin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Antimony</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Tellurium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">Iodine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none;padding:0;"> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Caesium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Barium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Cerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Praseodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Neodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Promethium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Terbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dysprosium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Holmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Erbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Thulium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lutetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hafnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Tantalum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Rhenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Osmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Platinum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Mercury (element)</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Thallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Lead</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Polonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">Astatine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Francium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Radium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Actinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Thorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Protactinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Neptunium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Americium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Curium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Berkelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Californium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Einsteinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fermium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Mendelevium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">Nobelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lawrencium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rutherfordium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Dubnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Seaborgium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bohrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hassium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Meitnerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Darmstadtium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Roentgenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Copernicium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nihonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Flerovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Moscovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Livermorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Tennessine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Oganesson</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> ↑ Ne ↓ <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">fluorine</a> ← neon → <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">Atomic number</a> (Z)</th><td class="infobox-data">10</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">Group</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">group 18 (noble gases)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table)">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">period 2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)" title="Block (periodic table)">Block</a></th><td class="infobox-data">  <a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)#p-block" title="Block (periodic table)">p-block</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Electron_configuration" title="Electron configuration">Electron configuration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">[<a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a>] 2s2 2p6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Electrons per shell</th><td class="infobox-data">2, 8</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c">Physical properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Phase_(matter)" title="Phase (matter)">Phase</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">at <a href="/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure" title="Standard temperature and pressure">STP</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">24.56 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (−248.59 °C, −415.46 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">27.104 K (−246.046 °C, −410.883 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> (at STP)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.9002 g/L</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">when liquid (at <a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">b.p.</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">1.207 g/cm3<a href="#cite_note-CRC-3">[3]</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Triple_point" title="Triple point">Triple point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">24.556 K, 43.37 kPa<a href="#cite_note-ITS90-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-b92-5">[5]</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Critical_point_(thermodynamics)" title="Critical point (thermodynamics)">Critical point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">44.4918 K, 2.7686 MPa<a href="#cite_note-b92-5">[5]</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_fusion" title="Enthalpy of fusion">Heat of fusion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.335 <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule_per_mole" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilojoule per mole">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_vaporization" title="Enthalpy of vaporization">Heat of vaporization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.71 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Molar_heat_capacity" title="Molar heat capacity">Molar heat capacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">20.79<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressure" title="Vapor pressure">Vapor pressure</a><div style="position:relative; margin:0 auto; padding:0; text-align:initial; width:-moz-fit-content;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:fit-content;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Pressure">P</abbr> (Pa) </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1 k </th> <th>10 k </th> <th>100 k </th></tr> <tr> <th>at <abbr title="Temperature">T</abbr> (K) </th> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>27 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c">Atomic properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">Oxidation states</a></th><td class="infobox-data">common: (none) 0<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ionization_energy" title="Ionization energy">Ionization energies</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1st: 2080.7 kJ/mol </li><li>2nd: 3952.3 kJ/mol </li><li>3rd: 6122 kJ/mol </li><li>(<a href="/wiki/Molar_ionization_energies_of_the_elements#neon" title="Molar ionization energies of the elements">more</a>) </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Covalent_radius" title="Covalent radius">Covalent radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">58 <a href="/wiki/Picometre" title="Picometre">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals_radius" title="Van der Waals radius">Van der Waals radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">154 pm </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Neon_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Color lines in a spectral range" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Neon_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Neon_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Neon_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Neon_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Neon_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Neon_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Spectral_line" title="Spectral line">Spectral lines</a> of neon</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c">Other properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Natural occurrence</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Primordial_nuclide" title="Primordial nuclide">primordial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">Crystal structure</a></th><td class="infobox-data"> <a href="/wiki/Cubic_crystal_system" title="Cubic crystal system">face-centered cubic</a> (fcc) (<a href="/wiki/Pearson_symbol" title="Pearson symbol">cF4</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lattice_constant" title="Lattice constant">Lattice constant</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="float:right;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cubic-face-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Face-centered cubic crystal structure for neon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/50px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/75px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/100px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="1002" /></a></div>a = 453.77 pm (at triple point)<a href="#cite_note-Arblaster_2018-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal conductivity">Thermal conductivity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">49.1×10−3 W/(m⋅K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">Magnetic ordering</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diamagnetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamagnetic">diamagnetic</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_susceptibility" title="Magnetic susceptibility">Molar magnetic susceptibility</a></th><td class="infobox-data">−6.74×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bulk_modulus" title="Bulk modulus">Bulk modulus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">654 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Speed_of_sound" title="Speed of sound">Speed of sound</a></th><td class="infobox-data">435 <a href="/wiki/Metre_per_second" title="Metre per second">m/s</a> (gas, at 0 °C)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7440-01-9 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Prediction</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a> (1897)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of chemical element discoveries">Discovery</a> and first isolation</th><td class="infobox-data">William Ramsay & <a href="/wiki/Morris_Travers" title="Morris Travers">Morris Travers</a><a href="#cite_note-RamsayTravers1898-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> (1898)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c"><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neon" title="Isotopes of neon">Isotopes of neon</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_neon_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox neon isotopes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_neon_isotopes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox neon isotopes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Main isotopes<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-13">[13]</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">Decay</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_abundance" title="Natural abundance">abundance</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(t1/2) </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay#Types_of_decay" title="Radioactive decay">mode</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product">product</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">20Ne </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">90.5% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Stable_isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Stable isotope">stable</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">21Ne </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">0.27% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">stable </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">22Ne </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">9.25% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;">stable </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="color:inherit; background:#fdff8c"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Neon" title="Category:Neon">Category: Neon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_neon" title="Template:Infobox neon">view</a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_neon" title="Template talk:Infobox neon">talk</a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_neon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox neon">edit</a></li></ul></div> | <a href="/wiki/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements" title="List of data references for chemical elements">references</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Neon is a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical element</a>; it has the <a href="/wiki/Symbol_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbol (chemistry)">symbol</a> Ne and <a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">atomic number</a> 10. It is the second <a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">noble gas</a> in the periodic table.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert <a href="/wiki/Monatomic_gas" title="Monatomic gas">monatomic gas</a> under <a href="/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure" title="Standard temperature and pressure">standard conditions</a>, with approximately two-thirds the density of air. Neon was discovered in 1898 alongside <a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">krypton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a>, identified as one of the three remaining rare inert elements in dry air after the removal of <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a>. Its discovery was marked by the distinctive bright red <a href="/wiki/Emission_spectrum" title="Emission spectrum">emission spectrum</a> it exhibited, leading to its immediate recognition as a new element. The name neon originates from the Greek word νέον, a neuter singular form of νέος (neos), meaning 'new'. Neon is a chemically <a href="/wiki/Inert_gas" title="Inert gas">inert gas</a>, existing <a href="/wiki/Neon_compounds" title="Neon compounds">neon compounds</a> are primarily ionic molecules or fragile molecules held together by <a href="/wiki/Van_der_Waals_force" title="Van der Waals force">van der Waals forces</a>. The synthesis of most neon in the cosmos resulted from the <a href="/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis" title="Stellar nucleosynthesis">nuclear fusion within stars</a> of oxygen and <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Alpha_process" title="Alpha process">alpha-capture process</a>. Despite its abundant presence in the <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">universe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Solar_System" title="Solar System">Solar System</a>—ranking fifth in cosmic abundance following hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and carbon—neon is comparatively scarce on Earth. It constitutes about 18.2 <a href="/wiki/Parts-per_notation" title="Parts-per notation">ppm</a> of Earth's atmospheric volume and a lesser fraction in the Earth's crust. The high <a href="/wiki/Volatility_(chemistry)" title="Volatility (chemistry)">volatility</a> of neon and its inability to form compounds that would anchor it to solids explain its limited presence on Earth and the <a href="/wiki/Inner_planets" class="mw-redirect" title="Inner planets">inner terrestrial planets</a>. Neon’s high volatility facilitated its escape from <a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" title="Planetesimal">planetesimals</a> under the early Solar System's nascent Sun's warmth. Neon's notable applications include its use in low-<a href="/wiki/Voltage" title="Voltage">voltage</a> <a href="/wiki/Neon_glow_lamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Neon glow lamp">neon glow lamps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geissler_tube" title="Geissler tube">high-voltage discharge tubes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neon_sign" title="Neon sign">neon advertising signs</a>, where it emits a distinct reddish-orange glow.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> This same red emission line is responsible for the characteristic red light of <a href="/wiki/Helium%E2%80%93neon_laser" title="Helium–neon laser">helium–neon lasers</a>. Although neon has some applications in plasma tubes and as a refrigerant, its commercial uses are relatively limited. It is primarily obtained through the <a href="/wiki/Fractional_distillation" title="Fractional distillation">fractional distillation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Liquid_air" title="Liquid air">liquid air</a>, making it significantly more expensive than helium due to air being its sole source. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NeTube.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/NeTube.jpg/220px-NeTube.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/NeTube.jpg/330px-NeTube.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/NeTube.jpg/440px-NeTube.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Neon <a href="/wiki/Gas-discharge_lamp" title="Gas-discharge lamp">gas-discharge lamps</a> forming neon's element symbol</figcaption></figure> Neon was discovered in 1898 by the British chemists Sir <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a> (1852–1916) and <a href="/wiki/Morris_Travers" title="Morris Travers">Morris Travers</a> (1872–1961) in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RamsayTravers1898-11">[11]</a> Neon was discovered when Ramsay chilled a sample of air until it became a liquid, then warmed the liquid and captured the gases as they boiled off. The gases <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a> had been identified, but the remaining gases were isolated in roughly their order of abundance, in a six-week period beginning at the end of May 1898. The first remaining gas to be identified was <a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">krypton</a>; the next, after krypton had been removed, was a gas which gave a brilliant red light under spectroscopic discharge. This gas, identified in June, was named "neon", the Greek analogue of the Latin novum ('new')<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> suggested by Ramsay's son. The characteristic brilliant red-orange color emitted by gaseous neon when excited electrically was noted immediately. Travers later wrote: "the blaze of crimson light from the tube told its own story and was a sight to dwell upon and never forget."<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> A second gas was also reported along with neon, having approximately the same density as argon but with a different spectrum – Ramsay and Travers named it metargon.<a href="#cite_note-Nobel-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-RamsayTravers1898-11">[11]</a> However, the subsequent spectroscopic analysis revealed it to be argon contaminated with <a href="/wiki/Carbon_monoxide" title="Carbon monoxide">carbon monoxide</a>. Finally, the same team discovered <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a> by the same process, in September 1898.<a href="#cite_note-Nobel-19">[19]</a> Neon's scarcity precluded its prompt application for lighting along the lines of <a href="/wiki/Moore_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Moore tube">Moore tubes</a>, which used <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">nitrogen</a> and which were commercialized in the early 1900s. After 1902, <a href="/wiki/Georges_Claude" title="Georges Claude">Georges Claude</a>'s company <a href="/wiki/Air_Liquide" title="Air Liquide">Air Liquide</a> produced industrial quantities of neon as a byproduct of his air-liquefaction business. In December 1910 Claude demonstrated modern <a href="/wiki/Neon_lighting" title="Neon lighting">neon lighting</a> based on a sealed tube of neon. Claude tried briefly to sell neon tubes for indoor domestic lighting, due to their intensity, but the market failed because homeowners objected to the color. In 1912, Claude's associate began selling neon discharge tubes as eye-catching <a href="/wiki/Neon_sign" title="Neon sign">advertising signs</a> and was instantly more successful. Neon tubes were introduced to the U.S. in 1923 with two large neon signs bought by a Los Angeles Packard car dealership. The glow and arresting red color made neon advertising completely different from the competition.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> The intense color and vibrancy of neon equated with American society at the time, suggesting a "century of progress" and transforming cities into sensational new environments filled with radiating advertisements and "electro-graphic architecture".<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Neon played a role in the basic understanding of the nature of atoms in 1913, when <a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a>, as part of his exploration into the composition of <a href="/wiki/Canal_rays" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal rays">canal rays</a>, channeled streams of neon ions through a magnetic and an electric field and measured the deflection of the streams with a photographic plate. Thomson observed two separate patches of light on the photographic plate (see image), which suggested two different parabolas of deflection. Thomson eventually concluded that some of the <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoms</a> in the neon <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> were of higher mass than the rest. Though not understood at the time by Thomson, this was the first discovery of <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Stable_isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Stable isotope">stable</a> atoms. Thomson's device was a crude version of the instrument we now term a <a href="/wiki/Mass_spectrometer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass spectrometer">mass spectrometer</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isotopes">Isotopes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Isotopes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_neon" title="Isotopes of neon">Isotopes of neon</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Discovery_of_neon_isotopes.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Discovery_of_neon_isotopes.JPG/220px-Discovery_of_neon_isotopes.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Discovery_of_neon_isotopes.JPG/330px-Discovery_of_neon_isotopes.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Discovery_of_neon_isotopes.JPG/440px-Discovery_of_neon_isotopes.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2036" data-file-height="2511" /></a><figcaption>The first evidence for isotopes of a stable element was provided in 1913 by experiments on neon plasma. In the bottom right corner of <a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a>'s photographic plate are the separate impact marks for the two isotopes neon-20 and neon-22.</figcaption></figure> Neon has three <a href="/wiki/Stable_isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Stable isotope">stable isotopes</a>: 20Ne (90.48%), 21Ne (0.27%) and 22Ne (9.25%).<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-13">[13]</a> 21Ne and 22Ne are partly <a href="/wiki/Primordial_isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Primordial isotope">primordial</a> and partly <a href="/wiki/Nucleogenic" title="Nucleogenic">nucleogenic</a> (i.e. made by nuclear reactions of other nuclides with neutrons or other particles in the environment) and their variations in <a href="/wiki/Natural_abundance" title="Natural abundance">natural abundance</a> are well understood. In contrast, 20Ne (the chief <a href="/wiki/Primordial_isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Primordial isotope">primordial isotope</a> made in stellar <a href="/wiki/Nucleosynthesis" title="Nucleosynthesis">nucleosynthesis</a>) is not known to be nucleogenic or <a href="/wiki/Radiogenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiogenic">radiogenic</a>, except from the decay of <a href="/wiki/Oxygen-20" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxygen-20">oxygen-20</a>, which is produced in very rare cases of <a href="/wiki/Cluster_decay" title="Cluster decay">cluster decay</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thorium-228" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorium-228">thorium-228</a>. The causes of the variation of 20Ne in the Earth have thus been hotly debated.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-wwwrcanml-24">[24]</a> The principal <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reaction" title="Nuclear reaction">nuclear reactions</a> generating nucleogenic neon <a href="/wiki/Isotope" title="Isotope">isotopes</a> start from 24Mg and 25Mg, which produce 21Ne and 22Ne respectively, after <a href="/wiki/Neutron_capture" title="Neutron capture">neutron capture</a> and immediate emission of an <a href="/wiki/Alpha_particle" title="Alpha particle">alpha particle</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutrons</a> that produce the reactions are mostly produced by secondary spallation reactions from alpha particles, in turn derived from <a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">uranium</a>-series <a href="/wiki/Decay_chain" title="Decay chain">decay chains</a>. The net result yields a trend towards lower 20Ne/22Ne and higher 21Ne/22Ne ratios observed in uranium-rich rocks such as <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granites</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wwwrcanml-24">[24]</a> In addition, isotopic analysis of exposed terrestrial rocks has demonstrated the <a href="/wiki/Cosmogenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmogenic">cosmogenic</a> (cosmic ray) production of 21Ne. This isotope is generated by <a href="/wiki/Spallation" title="Spallation">spallation</a> reactions on <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>. By analyzing all three isotopes, the cosmogenic component can be resolved from <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magmatic</a> neon and nucleogenic neon. This suggests that neon will be a useful tool in determining cosmic exposure ages of surface rocks and <a href="/wiki/Meteorite" title="Meteorite">meteorites</a>.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Neon in <a href="/wiki/Solar_wind" title="Solar wind">solar wind</a> contains a higher proportion of 20Ne than nucleogenic and cosmogenic sources.<a href="#cite_note-wwwrcanml-24">[24]</a> Neon content observed in samples of <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanic</a> <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gases</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diamond" title="Diamond">diamonds</a> is also enriched in 20Ne, suggesting a primordial, possibly solar origin.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Characteristics">edit</a>]</div> Neon is the second-lightest noble gas, after <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a>. Like other noble gases, neon is colorless and odorless. It glows reddish-orange in a <a href="/wiki/Discharge_tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Discharge tube">vacuum discharge tube</a>. It has over 40 times the refrigerating capacity (per unit volume) of liquid helium and three times that of liquid <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-3">[3]</a> In most applications it is a less expensive <a href="/wiki/Refrigerant" title="Refrigerant">refrigerant</a> than helium.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Despite helium surpassing neon in terms of <a href="/wiki/Ionization_energy" title="Ionization energy">ionization energy</a>, it is theorized to be the least reactive of all the elements, even less so than the former.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neon_emission.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Neon_emission.png/600px-Neon_emission.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Neon_emission.png 1.5x" data-file-width="865" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Spectrum of neon with ultraviolet (at left) and infrared (at right) lines shown in white</figcaption></figure> Neon plasma has the most intense light discharge at normal voltages and currents of all the noble gases. The average color of this light to the human eye is red-orange due to many lines in this range; it also contains a strong green line, which is hidden, unless the visual components are dispersed by a spectroscope.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence">Occurrence</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Occurrence">edit</a>]</div> Stable isotopes of neon are produced in stars. Neon's most abundant isotope 20Ne (90.48%) is created by the <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_fusion" title="Nuclear fusion">nuclear fusion</a> of <a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">carbon</a> and carbon in the <a href="/wiki/Carbon-burning_process" title="Carbon-burning process">carbon-burning process</a> of <a href="/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis" title="Stellar nucleosynthesis">stellar nucleosynthesis</a>. This requires temperatures above 500 <a href="/wiki/Megakelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Megakelvin">megakelvins</a>, which occur in the cores of stars of more than 8 solar masses.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Neon is abundant on a universal scale; it is the <a href="/wiki/Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements" title="Abundance of the chemical elements">fifth most abundant chemical element</a> in the universe by mass, after hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and carbon (see <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical element</a>).<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Its relative rarity on Earth, like that of helium, is due to its relative lightness, high vapor pressure at very low temperatures, and chemical inertness, all properties which tend to keep it from being trapped in the condensing gas and dust clouds that formed the smaller and warmer solid planets like Earth. Neon is monatomic, making it lighter than the molecules of diatomic nitrogen and oxygen which form the bulk of Earth's atmosphere; a balloon filled with neon will rise in air, albeit more slowly than a helium balloon.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Neon's abundance in the universe is about 1 part in 750 by mass; in the Sun and presumably in its proto-solar system nebula, about 1 part in 600.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Galileo_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo spacecraft">Galileo spacecraft</a> atmospheric entry probe found that in the upper atmosphere of Jupiter, the abundance of neon is reduced (depleted) by about a factor of 10, to a level of 1 part in 6,000 by mass. This may indicate that the ice-<a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" title="Planetesimal">planetesimals</a> that brought neon into Jupiter from the outer solar system formed in a region that was too warm to retain the neon atmospheric component (abundances of heavier inert gases on Jupiter are several times that found in the Sun),<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> or that neon is selectively sequestered in the planet's interior.<a href="#cite_note-Wilson2010-36">[36]</a> Neon comprises 1 part in 55,000 in the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth's atmosphere">Earth's atmosphere</a>, or 18.2 ppm by volume (this is about the same as the molecule or mole fraction), or 1 part in 79,000 of air by mass. It comprises a smaller fraction in the crust. It is industrially produced by cryogenic <a href="/wiki/Fractional_distillation" title="Fractional distillation">fractional distillation</a> of liquefied air.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-3">[3]</a> On 17 August 2015, based on studies with the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Atmosphere_and_Dust_Environment_Explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer">Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer</a> (LADEE) spacecraft, NASA scientists reported the detection of neon in the <a href="/wiki/Exosphere" title="Exosphere">exosphere</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">moon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NASA-20150817-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chemistry">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ne-water_clathrate.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ne-water_clathrate.png/300px-Ne-water_clathrate.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ne-water_clathrate.png/450px-Ne-water_clathrate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ne-water_clathrate.png/600px-Ne-water_clathrate.png 2x" data-file-width="883" data-file-height="859" /></a><figcaption>Crystal structure of Ne <a href="/wiki/Clathrate_hydrate" title="Clathrate hydrate">clathrate hydrate</a><a href="#cite_note-hydrate-38">[38]</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Neon_compounds" title="Neon compounds">Neon compounds</a></div> Neon is the first <a href="/wiki/P-block" class="mw-redirect" title="P-block">p-block</a> noble gas and the first element with a true octet of electrons. It is <a href="/wiki/Chemically_inert" title="Chemically inert">inert</a>: as is the case with its lighter analog, <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a>, no strongly bound neutral <a href="/wiki/Neon_compounds" title="Neon compounds">molecules containing neon</a> have been identified. An example of neon compound is Cr(CO)5Ne, which contains a very weak Ne-Cr bond.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ions</a> [Ne<a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>]+, [Ne<a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H</a>]+, and [HeNe]+ have been observed from optical and <a href="/wiki/Mass_spectrometry" title="Mass spectrometry">mass spectrometric</a> studies.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-3">[3]</a> Solid neon <a href="/wiki/Clathrate_hydrate" title="Clathrate hydrate">clathrate hydrate</a> was produced from water ice and neon gas at pressures 350–480 MPa and temperatures about −30 °C.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Ne atoms are not bonded to water and can freely move through this material. They can be extracted by placing the clathrate into a vacuum chamber for several days, yielding <a href="/wiki/Ice_XVI" class="mw-redirect" title="Ice XVI">ice XVI</a>, the least dense crystalline form of water.<a href="#cite_note-hydrate-38">[38]</a> The familiar <a href="/wiki/Electronegativity#Pauling_electronegativity" title="Electronegativity">Pauling electronegativity scale</a> relies upon chemical bond energies, but such values have obviously not been measured for inert helium and neon. The <a href="/wiki/Electronegativity#Allen_electronegativity" title="Electronegativity">Allen electronegativity scale</a>, which relies only upon (measurable) atomic energies, identifies neon as the most electronegative element, closely followed by fluorine and helium.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Triple_point" title="Triple point">triple point</a> temperature of neon (24.5561 K) is a defining fixed point in the <a href="/wiki/International_Temperature_Scale_of_1990" title="International Temperature Scale of 1990">International Temperature Scale of 1990</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ITS90-1-42">[42]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> Neon is produced from air in <a href="/wiki/Cryogenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryogenic">cryogenic</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_separation" title="Air separation">air-separation</a> plants. A gas-phase mixture mainly of nitrogen, neon, helium, and hydrogen<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-43">[43]</a> is withdrawn from the main condenser at the top of the high-pressure air-separation column and fed to the bottom of a side column for <a href="/wiki/Distillation" title="Distillation">rectification</a> of the neon.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> It can then be further purified from helium by bringing it into contact with activated charcoal. Hydrogen is purified from the neon by adding oxygen so water is formed and is condensed.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-43">[43]</a> One pound of pure neon can be produced from the processing of 88,000 pounds of the gas-phase mixture.<a href="#cite_note-Britannica-43">[43]</a> Before the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 escalation of the war with Russia</a> about 70% of the global neon supply was produced in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> as a by-product of steel production in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> As of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Neon&action=edit">[update]</a>, the company <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iceblick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iceblick (page does not exist)">Iceblick</a>, with plants in <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, supplies 65% of the world's production of neon, as well as 15% of the <a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">krypton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Newshour-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-2022-02-25_Reuters-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_shortage">2022 shortage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2022 shortage">edit</a>]</div> Global neon prices jumped by about 600% after the <a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_annexation_of_Crimea" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Russian annexation of Crimea">2014 Russian annexation of Crimea</a>,<a href="#cite_note-arstechnica-49">[49]</a> spurring some chip manufacturers to start shifting away from Russian and Ukrainian suppliers<a href="#cite_note-cnbc-50">[50]</a> and toward suppliers in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2022-02-25_Reuters-48">[48]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> also shut down two companies in Ukraine that produced about half of the global supply: Cryoin Engineering (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Кріоін Інжинірінг) and Inhaz (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: ІНГАЗ), located in <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mariupol" title="Mariupol">Mariupol</a>, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-arstechnica-49">[49]</a> The closure was predicted to exacerbate the <a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%93present_global_chip_shortage" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–present global chip shortage">COVID-19 chip shortage</a>,<a href="#cite_note-2022-02-25_Reuters-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Newshour-47">[47]</a> which may further shift neon production to China.<a href="#cite_note-cnbc-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Applications">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lighting_and_signage">Lighting and signage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Lighting and signage">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Neon_sign" title="Neon sign">Neon sign</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FLORIST_(neon_sign).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FLORIST_%28neon_sign%29.jpg/300px-FLORIST_%28neon_sign%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FLORIST_%28neon_sign%29.jpg/450px-FLORIST_%28neon_sign%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/FLORIST_%28neon_sign%29.jpg/600px-FLORIST_%28neon_sign%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>Neon sign in a <a href="/wiki/Hamden,_Connecticut" title="Hamden, Connecticut">Hamden, Connecticut</a>, florist shop</figcaption></figure>Two quite different kinds of <a href="/wiki/Neon_lighting" title="Neon lighting">neon lighting</a> are in common use. <a href="/wiki/Neon_lamp" title="Neon lamp">Neon glow lamps</a> are generally tiny, with most operating between 100 and 250 <a href="/wiki/Volts" class="mw-redirect" title="Volts">volts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Baumann-51">[51]</a> They have been widely used as power-on indicators and in circuit-testing equipment, but <a href="/wiki/Light-emitting_diodes" class="mw-redirect" title="Light-emitting diodes">light-emitting diodes</a> (LEDs) now dominate in those applications. These simple neon devices were the forerunners of <a href="/wiki/Plasma_display" title="Plasma display">plasma displays and plasma television screens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Myers-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weber-53">[53]</a> <a href="/wiki/Neon_sign" title="Neon sign">Neon signs</a> typically operate at much higher voltages (2–15 <a href="/wiki/Kilovolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilovolt">kilovolts</a>), and the luminous tubes are commonly meters long.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The glass tubing is often formed into shapes and letters for signage, as well as architectural and artistic applications. In <a href="/wiki/Neon_sign" title="Neon sign">neon signs</a>, neon produces an unmistakable bright reddish-orange light when <a href="/wiki/Electric_current" title="Electric current">electric current</a> passes through it under low pressure.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Although tube lights with other colors are often called "neon", they use different <a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">noble gases</a> or varied colors of <a href="/wiki/Fluorescent_bulb" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluorescent bulb">fluorescent</a> lighting, for example, <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">argon</a> produces a lavender or blue hue.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> As of 2012, there are over one hundred colors available.<a href="#cite_note-Thielen-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> Neon is used in <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">vacuum tubes</a>, high-voltage indicators, <a href="/wiki/Lightning_arrester" title="Lightning arrester">lightning arresters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wavemeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Wavemeter">wavemeter</a> tubes, <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> tubes, and <a href="/wiki/Helium%E2%80%93neon_laser" title="Helium–neon laser">helium–neon lasers</a>. Gas mixtures that include high-purity neon are used in lasers for <a href="/wiki/Photolithography" title="Photolithography">photolithography</a> in <a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device_fabrication" title="Semiconductor device fabrication">semiconductor device fabrication</a>.<a href="#cite_note-arstechnica-49">[49]</a> Liquefied neon is commercially used as a <a href="/wiki/Cryogenic" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryogenic">cryogenic</a> <a href="/wiki/Refrigerant" title="Refrigerant">refrigerant</a> in applications not requiring the lower temperature range attainable with the more extreme <a href="/wiki/Liquid_helium" title="Liquid helium">liquid helium</a> refrigeration. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg/19px-Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg/29px-Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg/38px-Papapishu-Lab-icon-6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Chemistry" title="Portal:Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Neon at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/neon" class="extiw" title="wikt:neon">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Neon" class="extiw" title="c:Neon">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/19px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/29px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikijunior:The_Elements/Neon" class="extiw" title="b:Wikijunior:The Elements/Neon">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/21px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/32px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/42px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Neon_atom" class="extiw" title="v:Neon atom">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ciaaw.org/neon.htm">"Standard Atomic Weights: Neon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Isotopic_Abundances_and_Atomic_Weights" title="Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights">CIAAW</a>. 1985.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+Atomic+Weights%3A+Neon&rft.pub=CIAAW&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciaaw.org%2Fneon.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW2021-2"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW2021_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProhaskaIrrgeherBenefieldBöhlke2022" class="citation journal cs1">Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (4 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/pac-2019-0603/html">"Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)"</a>. Pure and Applied Chemistry. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603">10.1515/pac-2019-0603</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1365-3075">1365-3075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Standard+atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2021+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.date=2022-05-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603&rft.issn=1365-3075&rft.aulast=Prohaska&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Irrgeher%2C+Johanna&rft.au=Benefield%2C+Jacqueline&rft.au=B%C3%B6hlke%2C+John+K.&rft.au=Chesson%2C+Lesley+A.&rft.au=Coplen%2C+Tyler+B.&rft.au=Ding%2C+Tiping&rft.au=Dunn%2C+Philip+J.+H.&rft.au=Gr%C3%B6ning%2C+Manfred&rft.au=Holden%2C+Norman+E.&rft.au=Meijer%2C+Harro+A.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRC_3-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammond2000" class="citation book cs1">Hammond, C. R. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elements.pdf">The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition</a> (PDF). CRC press. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0849304814" title="Special:BookSources/0849304814"><bdi>0849304814</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Elements%2C+in+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics+81st+edition&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=CRC+press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0849304814&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=C.+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-d0.fnal.gov%2Fhardware%2Fcal%2Flvps_info%2Fengineering%2Felements.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ITS90-4"><a href="#cite_ref-ITS90_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreston-Thomas1990" class="citation journal cs1">Preston-Thomas, H. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/en/publications/its-90.html">"The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90)"</a>. Metrologia. 27 (1): 3–10. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990Metro..27....3P">1990Metro..27....3P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0026-1394%2F27%2F1%2F002">10.1088/0026-1394/27/1/002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metrologia&rft.atitle=The+International+Temperature+Scale+of+1990+%28ITS-90%29&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-10&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F0026-1394%2F27%2F1%2F002&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1990Metro..27....3P&rft.aulast=Preston-Thomas&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fits-90.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-b92-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b92_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-b92_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaynes2011" class="citation book cs1">Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). <a href="/wiki/CRC_Handbook_of_Chemistry_and_Physics" title="CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a> (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: <a href="/wiki/CRC_Press" title="CRC Press">CRC Press</a>. p. 4.122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4398-5511-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-4398-5511-0"><bdi>1-4398-5511-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+FL&rft.pages=4.122&rft.edition=92nd&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=1-4398-5511-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). "Noble Gases". in Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, pages 343–383. Wiley. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F0471238961.0701190508230114.a01.pub2">10.1002/0471238961.0701190508230114.a01.pub2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Ne(0) has been observed in Cr(CO)5Ne; see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerutzTurner1975" class="citation journal cs1">Perutz, Robin N.; Turner, James J. (August 1975). "Photochemistry of the Group 6 hexacarbonyls in low-temperature matrices. III. Interaction of the pentacarbonyls with noble gases and other matrices". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 97 (17): 4791–4800. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fja00850a001">10.1021/ja00850a001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=Photochemistry+of+the+Group+6+hexacarbonyls+in+low-temperature+matrices.+III.+Interaction+of+the+pentacarbonyls+with+noble+gases+and+other+matrices&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=4791-4800&rft.date=1975-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja00850a001&rft.aulast=Perutz&rft.aufirst=Robin+N.&rft.au=Turner%2C+James+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arblaster_2018-8"><a href="#cite_ref-Arblaster_2018_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArblaster2018" class="citation book cs1">Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62708-155-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62708-155-9"><bdi>978-1-62708-155-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+Values+of+the+Crystallographic+Properties+of+Elements&rft.place=Materials+Park%2C+Ohio&rft.pub=ASM+International&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-62708-155-9&rft.aulast=Arblaster&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds</a>, in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLide2005" class="citation book cs1">Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8493-0486-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8493-0486-5"><bdi>0-8493-0486-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton+%28FL%29&rft.edition=86th&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8493-0486-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeast1984" class="citation book cs1">Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8493-0464-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8493-0464-4"><bdi>0-8493-0464-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=CRC%2C+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton%2C+Florida&rft.pages=E110&rft.pub=Chemical+Rubber+Company+Publishing&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-8493-0464-4&rft.aulast=Weast&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RamsayTravers1898-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RamsayTravers1898_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RamsayTravers1898_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RamsayTravers1898_11-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamsayTravers1898" class="citation journal cs1">Ramsay, William; Travers, Morris W. (1898). "On the Companions of Argon". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 63 (1): 437–440. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspl.1898.0057">10.1098/rspl.1898.0057</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0370-1662">0370-1662</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:98818445">98818445</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=On+the+Companions+of+Argon&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=437-440&rft.date=1898&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A98818445%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0370-1662&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frspl.1898.0057&rft.aulast=Ramsay&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Travers%2C+Morris+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nautilus.fis.uc.pt/st2.5/scenes-e/elem/e01000.html">"Neon: History"</a>. Softciências. Retrieved 27 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Neon%3A+History&rft.pub=Softci%C3%AAncias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnautilus.fis.uc.pt%2Fst2.5%2Fscenes-e%2Felem%2Fe01000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NUBASE2020-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE2020_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NUBASE2020_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKondevWangHuangNaimi2021" class="citation journal cs1">Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-nds.iaea.org/amdc/ame2020/NUBASE2020.pdf">"The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties"</a> (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F1674-1137%2Fabddae">10.1088/1674-1137/abddae</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chinese+Physics+C&rft.atitle=The+NUBASE2020+evaluation+of+nuclear+properties&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=030001&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F1674-1137%2Fabddae&rft.aulast=Kondev&rft.aufirst=F.+G.&rft.au=Wang%2C+M.&rft.au=Huang%2C+W.+J.&rft.au=Naimi%2C+S.&rft.au=Audi%2C+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-nds.iaea.org%2Famdc%2Fame2020%2FNUBASE2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Group 18 refers to the modern numbering of the periodic table. Older numberings described the rare gases as Group 0 or Group VIIIA (sometimes shortened to 8). See also <a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">Group (periodic table)</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoyle,_Harold_P.2001" class="citation book cs1">Coyle, Harold P. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KwTzo4GMlewC&pg=PA127">Project STAR: The Universe in Your Hands</a>. Kendall Hunt. p. 464. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7872-6763-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7872-6763-6"><bdi>978-0-7872-6763-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Project+STAR%3A+The+Universe+in+Your+Hands&rft.pages=464&rft.pub=Kendall+Hunt&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7872-6763-6&rft.au=Coyle%2C+Harold+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKwTzo4GMlewC%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKohmoto,_Kohtaro1999" class="citation book cs1">Kohmoto, Kohtaro (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lWlcJEDukRIC&pg=PA380">"Phosphors for lamps"</a>. In Shionoya, Shigeo; Yen, William M. (eds.). Phosphor Handbook. CRC Press. p. 940. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-7560-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-7560-6"><bdi>978-0-8493-7560-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Phosphors+for+lamps&rft.btitle=Phosphor+Handbook&rft.pages=940&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-7560-6&rft.au=Kohmoto%2C+Kohtaro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlWlcJEDukRIC%26pg%3DPA380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070314232318/http://nautilus.fis.uc.pt/st2.5/scenes-e/elem/e01000.html">"Neon: History"</a>. Softciências. 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Kessinger Publishing. p. 287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7661-3872-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7661-3872-8"><bdi>978-0-7661-3872-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150322191804/http://books.google.com/books?id=SJIk9BPdNWcC&pg=PA287">Archived</a> from the original on 22 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovery+of+the+Elements%3A+Third+Edition+%28reprint%29&rft.pages=287&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7661-3872-8&rft.aulast=Weeks&rft.aufirst=Mary+Elvira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSJIk9BPdNWcC%26pg%3DPA287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nobel-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nobel_19-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamsay1904" class="citation web cs1">Ramsay, Sir William (12 December 1904). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1904/ramsay-lecture.html">"Nobel Lecture – The Rare Gases of the Atmosphere"</a>. nobelprize.org. 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Retrieved 15 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nobelprize.org&rft.atitle=Nobel+Lecture+%E2%80%93+The+Rare+Gases+of+the+Atmosphere&rft.date=1904-12-12&rft.aulast=Ramsay&rft.aufirst=Sir+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1904%2Framsay-lecture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMangum2007" class="citation news cs1">Mangum, Aja (8 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nymag.com/shopping/features/41814/">"Neon: A Brief History"</a>. 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Design and Culture. 2 (2): 167–181. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2752%2F175470710X12696138525622">10.2752/175470710X12696138525622</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144257608">144257608</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Design+and+Culture&rft.atitle=Logo%2FLocal+Intensities%3A+Lacan%2C+the+Discourse+of+the+Other%2C+and+the+Solicitation+to+%22Enjoy%22&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=167-181&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2752%2F175470710X12696138525622&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144257608%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Golec&rft.aufirst=Michael+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolfe1968" class="citation news cs1">Wolfe, Tom (October 1968). 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PHI Learning Pvt. p. 195. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120330573" title="Special:BookSources/9788120330573"><bdi>9788120330573</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116145946/https://books.google.com/books?id=nhVEI52-VE8C&pg=PA195">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Cryogenic+Engineering&rft.pages=195&rft.pub=PHI+Learning+Pvt.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9788120330573&rft.aulast=Mukhopadhyay&rft.aufirst=Mamata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnhVEI52-VE8C%26pg%3DPA195&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewars2008" class="citation book cs1">Lewars, Errol G. 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MSN. <a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MSN&rft.atitle=Explained%3A+Why+the+Russia-Ukraine+crisis+may+lead+to+a+shortage+in+semiconductors&rft.date=2022-03-29&rft.au=Mukul%2C+Pranav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-in%2Fnews%2Fin-depth%2Fexplained-why-the-russia-ukraine-crisis-may-lead-to-a-shortage-in-semiconductors%2Far-AAUZRlP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlper2022" class="citation news cs1">Alper, Alexandra (11 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/technology/exclusive-ukraine-halts-half-worlds-neon-output-chips-clouding-outlook-2022-03-11/">"Exclusive: Russia's attack on Ukraine halts half of world's neon output for chips"</a>. Reuters. Retrieved 16 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Russia%27s+attack+on+Ukraine+halts+half+of+world%27s+neon+output+for+chips&rft.date=2022-03-11&rft.aulast=Alper&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Ftechnology%2Fexclusive-ukraine-halts-half-worlds-neon-output-chips-clouding-outlook-2022-03-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newshour-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newshour_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newshour_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://the-european-times.com/iceblick/">"Rare Gasses Supplier Known for Innovation"</a>. The European Times. 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+European+Times&rft.atitle=Rare+Gasses+Supplier+Known+for+Innovation&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthe-european-times.com%2Ficeblick%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2022-02-25_Reuters-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2022-02-25_Reuters_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2022-02-25_Reuters_48-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2022-02-25_Reuters_48-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/breakingviews/ukraine-war-flashes-neon-warning-lights-chips-2022-02-24/">Ukraine war flashes neon warning lights for chips</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, 25 February 2022 </li> <li id="cite_note-arstechnica-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arstechnica_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-arstechnica_49-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-arstechnica_49-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTimes2022" class="citation news cs1">Times, Financial (4 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/low-on-gas-ukraine-invasion-chokes-supply-of-neon-needed-for-chipmaking/">"Low on gas: Ukraine invasion chokes supply of neon needed for chipmaking"</a>. Ars Technica. Retrieved 13 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=Low+on+gas%3A+Ukraine+invasion+chokes+supply+of+neon+needed+for+chipmaking&rft.date=2022-03-04&rft.aulast=Times&rft.aufirst=Financial&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgadgets%2F2022%2F03%2Flow-on-gas-ukraine-invasion-chokes-supply-of-neon-needed-for-chipmaking%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnbc-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnbc_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnbc_50-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2022/02/24/chipmakers-see-limited-impact-russia-invasion-ukraine.html">"Chipmakers see limited impact for now, as Russia invades Ukraine"</a>. CNBC. 24 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Chipmakers+see+limited+impact+for+now%2C+as+Russia+invades+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F02%2F24%2Fchipmakers-see-limited-impact-russia-invasion-ukraine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baumann-51"><a href="#cite_ref-Baumann_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaumann1966" class="citation book cs1">Baumann, Edward (1966). Applications of Neon Lamps and Gas Discharge Tubes. Carlton Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Applications+of+Neon+Lamps+and+Gas+Discharge+Tubes&rft.pub=Carlton+Press&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Baumann&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Myers-52"><a href="#cite_ref-Myers_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyers2002" class="citation book cs1">Myers, Robert L. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ilHvFwoAZDMC&pg=PA69">Display interfaces: fundamentals and standards</a>. John Wiley and Sons. pp. 69–71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-49946-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-49946-6"><bdi>978-0-471-49946-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160629141148/https://books.google.com/books?id=ilHvFwoAZDMC&pg=PA69">Archived</a> from the original on 29 June 2016. <q>Plasma displays are closely related to the simple neon lamp.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Display+interfaces%3A+fundamentals+and+standards&rft.pages=69-71&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-471-49946-6&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Robert+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DilHvFwoAZDMC%26pg%3DPA69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weber-53"><a href="#cite_ref-Weber_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeber2006" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Larry_F._Weber" title="Larry F. Weber">Weber, Larry F.</a> (April 2006). "History of the plasma display panel". IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science. 34 (2): 268–278. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006ITPS...34..268W">2006ITPS...34..268W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTPS.2006.872440">10.1109/TPS.2006.872440</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20290119">20290119</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Plasma+Science&rft.atitle=History+of+the+plasma+display+panel&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=268-278&rft.date=2006-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A20290119%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FTPS.2006.872440&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006ITPS...34..268W&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Larry+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> Paid access. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allanson.com/wp-content/uploads/Product_PDFs/ANSI_Luminous_footage.pdf">"ANSI Luminous Tube Footage Chart"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute" title="American National Standards Institute">American National Standards Institute</a> (ANSI). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110206163356/http://www.allanson.com/wp-content/uploads/Product_PDFs/ANSI_Luminous_footage.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 6 February 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ANSI+Luminous+Tube+Footage+Chart&rft.pub=American+National+Standards+Institute+%28ANSI%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allanson.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FProduct_PDFs%2FANSI_Luminous_footage.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> Reproduction of a chart in the catalog of a lighting company in Toronto; the original ANSI specification is not given. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFmlblevins2009" class="citation web cs1">mlblevins (24 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sciencestruck.com/uses-of-neon">"A Brief Summary of the Important Uses of Neon"</a>. Science Struck. Retrieved 10 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+Struck&rft.atitle=A+Brief+Summary+of+the+Important+Uses+of+Neon&rft.date=2009-06-24&rft.au=mlblevins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsciencestruck.com%2Fuses-of-neon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNuena2019" class="citation web cs1">Nuena, Julia (6 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://neonsign.com/how-do-neon-signs-have-different-colors/">"How Do Neon Signs Have Different Colors?"</a>. NeonSign.com. Retrieved 10 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NeonSign.com&rft.atitle=How+Do+Neon+Signs+Have+Different+Colors%3F&rft.date=2019-09-06&rft.aulast=Nuena&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fneonsign.com%2Fhow-do-neon-signs-have-different-colors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thielen-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Thielen_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThielen2005" class="citation journal cs1">Thielen, Marcus (August 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303060143/http://www.signmuseum.org/histories/happybirthdayneon.asp">"Happy Birthday Neon!"</a>. Signs of the Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.signmuseum.net/histories/happybirthdayneon.asp">the original</a> on 3 March 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Signs+of+the+Times&rft.atitle=Happy+Birthday+Neon%21&rft.date=2005-08&rft.aulast=Thielen&rft.aufirst=Marcus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.signmuseum.net%2Fhistories%2Fhappybirthdayneon.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeon" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Neon&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/010.htm">Neon</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Periodic_Table_of_Videos" class="mw-redirect" title="The Periodic Table of Videos">The Periodic Table of Videos</a> (University of Nottingham)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/neon/">WebElements.com – Neon</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele010.html">It's Elemental – Neon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wwwrcamnl.wr.usgs.gov/isoig/period/ne_iig.html">USGS Periodic Table – Neon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/quantum/atspect2.html">Atomic Spectrum of Neon</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.neonmuseum.org/">Neon Museum, Las Vegas</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Noble_gases" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Noble_gases" title="Template:Noble gases"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Noble_gases" title="Template talk:Noble gases"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Noble_gases" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Noble gases"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Noble_gases" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">Noble gases</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> He Atomic Number: 2 Atomic Weight: 4.002602 Melting Point: 0.95 K Boiling Point: 4.22 K Specific mass: 0.0001785 Electronegativity: ? </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neon</a> Ne Atomic Number: 10 Atomic Weight: 20.1797 Melting Point: 24.703 K Boiling Point: 27.07 K Specific mass: 0.0008999 Electronegativity: ? </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> Ar Atomic Number: 18 Atomic Weight: 39.948 Melting Point: 83.96 K Boiling Point: 87.30 K Specific mass: 0.0017837 Electronegativity: ? </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Krypton</a> Kr Atomic Number: 36 Atomic Weight: 83.798 Melting Point: 115.93 K Boiling Point: 119.93 K Specific mass: 0.003733 Electronegativity: 3 </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a> Xe Atomic Number: 54 Atomic Weight: 131.293 Melting Point: 161.45 K Boiling Point: 165.03 K Specific mass: 0.005887 Electronegativity: 2.6 </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> Rn Atomic Number: 86 Atomic Weight: [222] Melting Point: 202.15 K Boiling Point: 211.3 K Specific mass: 0.00973 Electronegativity: 2.2 </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:14%;"><div> <a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Oganesson</a> Og Atomic Number: 118 Atomic Weight: [294] Melting Point: ? K Boiling Point: ? 350±30 K Specific mass: ? 13.65 Electronegativity: ? </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Specific mass</a> is given in g/cm3.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Periodic_table" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Periodic_table_(navbox)" title="Template:Periodic table (navbox)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Periodic_table_(navbox)" title="Template talk:Periodic table (navbox)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Periodic_table_(navbox)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Periodic table (navbox)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Periodic_table" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">Periodic table</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;" aria-describedby="periodic-table-legend"> <tbody><tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">1</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">2</a> </th> <td colspan="14"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" title="Group 3 element">3</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element">4</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" title="Group 5 element">5</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" title="Group 6 element">6</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">7</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" title="Group 8 element">8</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" title="Group 9 element">9</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" title="Group 10 element">10</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element">11</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" title="Group 12 element">12</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">13</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" title="Carbon group">14</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">15</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">16</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" title="Period 1 element">1</a> </th> <td title="H, Hydrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="He, Helium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">2</a> </th> <td title="Li, Lithium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td title="Be, Beryllium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="B, Boron" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a> </td> <td title="C, Carbon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a> </td> <td title="N, Nitrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td title="O, Oxygen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O</a> </td> <td title="F, Fluorine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">F</a> </td> <td title="Ne, Neon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:3px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">3</a> </th> <td title="Na, Sodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na</a> </td> <td title="Mg, Magnesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Al, Aluminium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td title="Si, Silicon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Si</a> </td> <td title="P, Phosphorus" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">P</a> </td> <td title="S, Sulfur" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">S</a> </td> <td title="Cl, Chlorine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a> </td> <td title="Ar, Argon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" title="Period 4 element">4</a> </th> <td title="K, Potassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">K</a> </td> <td title="Ca, Calcium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Sc, Scandium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td title="Ti, Titanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td title="V, Vanadium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td title="Cr, Chromium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Cr</a> </td> <td title="Mn, Manganese" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a> </td> <td title="Fe, Iron" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a> </td> <td title="Co, Cobalt" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td title="Ni, Nickel" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td title="Cu, Copper" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a> </td> <td title="Zn, Zinc" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a> </td> <td title="Ga, Gallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td title="Ge, Germanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td title="As, Arsenic" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">As</a> </td> <td title="Se, Selenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td title="Br, Bromine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Br</a> </td> <td title="Kr, Krypton" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">5</a> </th> <td title="Rb, Rubidium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td title="Sr, Strontium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Y, Yttrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td title="Zr, Zirconium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td> <td title="Nb, Niobium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td title="Mo, Molybdenum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td title="Tc, Technetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a> </td> <td title="Ru, Ruthenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a> </td> <td title="Rh, Rhodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td title="Pd, Palladium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td title="Ag, Silver" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Ag</a> </td> <td title="Cd, Cadmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td title="In, Indium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td title="Sn, Tin" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Sn</a> </td> <td title="Sb, Antimony" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Sb</a> </td> <td title="Te, Tellurium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Te</a> </td> <td title="I, Iodine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">I</a> </td> <td title="Xe, Xenon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">6</a> </th> <td title="Cs, Caesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a> </td> <td title="Ba, Barium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td title="La, Lanthanum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">La</a> </td> <td title="Ce, Cerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Ce</a> </td> <td title="Pr, Praseodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Pr</a> </td> <td title="Nd, Neodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Nd</a> </td> <td title="Pm, Promethium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a> </td> <td title="Sm, Samarium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td title="Eu, Europium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td title="Gd, Gadolinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td title="Tb, Terbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td title="Dy, Dysprosium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td title="Ho, Holmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td title="Er, Erbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td title="Tm, Thulium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td title="Yb, Ytterbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td title="Lu, Lutetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td title="Hf, Hafnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td title="Ta, Tantalum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td title="W, Tungsten" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">W</a> </td> <td title="Re, Rhenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a> </td> <td title="Os, Osmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td title="Ir, Iridium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td title="Pt, Platinum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Pt</a> </td> <td title="Au, Gold" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Au</a> </td> <td title="Hg, Mercury" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Hg</a> </td> <td title="Tl, Thallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td title="Pb, Lead" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Pb</a> </td> <td title="Bi, Bismuth" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bi</a> </td> <td title="Po, Polonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td title="At, Astatine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">At</a> </td> <td title="Rn, Radon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" title="Period 7 element">7</a> </th> <td title="Fr, Francium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td title="Ra, Radium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td title="Ac, Actinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td title="Th, Thorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td title="Pa, Protactinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td title="U, Uranium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td title="Np, Neptunium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td title="Pu, Plutonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td title="Am, Americium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a> </td> <td title="Cm, Curium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td title="Bk, Berkelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td title="Cf, Californium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td title="Es, Einsteinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td title="Fm, Fermium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td title="Md, Mendelevium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td title="No, Nobelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td title="Lr, Lawrencium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td title="Rf, Rutherfordium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td title="Db, Dubnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td title="Sg, Seaborgium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td title="Bh, Bohrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td title="Hs, Hassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td title="Mt, Meitnerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td title="Ds, Darmstadtium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td title="Rg, Roentgenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td title="Cn, Copernicium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td title="Nh, Nihonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td title="Fl, Flerovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td title="Mc, Moscovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td title="Lv, Livermorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td title="Ts, Tennessine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Ts</a> </td> <td title="Og, Oganesson" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div role="presentation" id="periodic-table-legend" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; margin:0;"><div style="padding:0.3em;"> <table style="width:100%; line-height:1.2em; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff9999;"><a href="/wiki/S-block" class="mw-redirect" title="S-block">s-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#9bff99;"><a href="/wiki/F-block" class="mw-redirect" title="F-block">f-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; 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