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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honours_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Honours and awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">John Cornforth</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB" title="جون كورنفورث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون كورنفورث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Con_Kornfort" title="Con Kornfort – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Con Kornfort" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="جان کارنفورت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جان کارنفورت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5" title="জন ওয়ারকাপ কর্নফোর্থ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জন ওয়ারকাপ কর্নফোর্থ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Джон Уоркап Корнфарт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джон Уоркап Корнфарт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Джон Корнфорт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джон Корнфорт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Warcup_Cornforth" title="John Warcup Cornforth – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="John Warcup Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_W._Cornforth" title="John W. Cornforth – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John W. Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="جان کارنفورت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان کارنفورت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Warcup_Cornforth" title="John Warcup Cornforth – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Warcup Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Warcup_Cornforth" title="John Warcup Cornforth – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="John Warcup Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%EC%BD%98%ED%8F%AC%EC%8A%A4" title="존 콘포스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 콘포스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5" title="जॉन कॉर्नफोर्थ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जॉन कॉर्नफोर्थ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA%27" title="ג'ון קורנפורת' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון קורנפורת'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Cornforth" title="Ioannes Cornforth – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Warcup_Cornforth" title="John Warcup Cornforth – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="John Warcup Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B0_%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="جون كورنفورث (استاذ جامعة من اوستراليا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون كورنفورث (استاذ جامعة من اوستراليا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="جان کارنفورت – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="جان کارنفورت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9" title="ジョン・コーンフォース – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・コーンフォース" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Warcup_Cornforth" title="John Warcup Cornforth – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="John Warcup Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Warcup_Cornforth" title="John Warcup Cornforth – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="John Warcup Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A5" title="ਜਾਨ ਕਾਰਨਫੋਰਥ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਾਨ ਕਾਰਨਫੋਰਥ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="جان کورنفورتھ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جان کورنفورتھ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Warcup_Cornforth" title="John Warcup Cornforth – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="John Warcup Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Корнфорт, Джон Уоркап – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Корнфорт, Джон Уоркап" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Warcup_Cornforth" title="John Warcup Cornforth – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="John Warcup Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Џон Воркап Корнфорт – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џон Воркап Корнфорт" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Warcup_Cornforth" title="John Warcup Cornforth – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="John Warcup Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%96%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81" title="Җон Корнфорс – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Җон Корнфорс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Джон Корнфорт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джон Корнфорт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%86%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="جان کونفورتھ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جان کونفورتھ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Cornforth" title="John Cornforth – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="John Cornforth" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E7%A6%8F%E6%80%9D" title="约翰·康福思 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="约翰·康福思" data-language-autonym="中文" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Australian-British chemist (1917–2013)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named John Cornforth, see <a href="/wiki/John_Cornforth_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="John Cornforth (disambiguation)">John Cornforth (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sir" title="Sir">Sir</a></div><div class="fn">John Cornforth</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Honorary_Companion_of_the_Order_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Companion of the Order of Australia">AC</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span> <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Australian_Academy_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science">FAA</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Cornforth_1975.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/John_Cornforth_1975.jpg/220px-John_Cornforth_1975.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/John_Cornforth_1975.jpg/330px-John_Cornforth_1975.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/John_Cornforth_1975.jpg/440px-John_Cornforth_1975.jpg 2x" data-file-width="958" data-file-height="1282" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cornforth in 1975</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">John Warcup Cornforth Jr.</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1917-09-07</span>)</span>7 September 1917<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">8 December 2013<span style="display:none">(2013-12-08)</span> (aged 96)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a>, England</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Australian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category">Australian<br />British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a> (<a href="/wiki/BSc" class="mw-redirect" title="BSc">BSc</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Catherine's College, Oxford">St Catherine's College, Oxford</a> (<a href="/wiki/DPhil" class="mw-redirect" title="DPhil">DPhil</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stereochemistry" title="Stereochemistry">Stereochemistry</a> of <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a>-catalysed reactions<br /><a href="/wiki/Cholesterol_total_synthesis" title="Cholesterol total synthesis">Cholesterol total synthesis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cornforth_reagent" title="Cornforth reagent">Cornforth reagent</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cornforth_rearrangement" title="Cornforth rearrangement">Cornforth rearrangement</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rita_Harradence" title="Rita Harradence">Rita Harradence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corday%E2%80%93Morgan_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Corday–Morgan Medal">Corday–Morgan Medal</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a> (1953)<sup id="cite_ref-royal_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-frs_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Medal" title="Davy Medal">Davy Medal</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Guenther_Award" title="Ernest Guenther Award">Ernest Guenther Award</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Medal" title="Royal Medal">Royal Medal</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medal</a> (1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">Organic chemistry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex">University of Sussex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/OXVU1:oxfaleph020276672">Synthesis of analogues of steroid hormones</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1941)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(organic_chemist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Robinson (organic chemist)">Robert Robinson</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:John_Cornforth:_Geobiography" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:John Cornforth: Geobiography">Geobiography of John Cornforth</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Sir John Warcup Cornforth Jr.</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-NNDB_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNDB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Companion_of_the_Order_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Companion of the Order of Australia">AC</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span>, <span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Australian_Academy_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science">FAA</a></span></span> (7 September 1917 – 8 December 2013) was an Australian–British chemist who won the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> in 1975 for his work on the <a href="/wiki/Stereochemistry" title="Stereochemistry">stereochemistry</a> of <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a>-<a href="/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis">catalysed</a> reactions,<sup id="cite_ref-nature_obit_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nature_obit-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> becoming the only Nobel laureate born in <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-frs_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cornforth investigated enzymes that catalyse changes in organic compounds, the substrates, by taking the place of hydrogen atoms in a substrate's chains and rings. In his syntheses and descriptions of the structure of various <a href="/wiki/Terpene" title="Terpene">terpenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olefin" class="mw-redirect" title="Olefin">olefins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">steroids</a>, Cornforth determined specifically which cluster of hydrogen atoms in a substrate were replaced by an enzyme to effect a given change in the substrate, allowing him to detail the <a href="/wiki/Biosynthesis" title="Biosynthesis">biosynthesis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cholesterol" title="Cholesterol">cholesterol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For this work, he won a share of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1975, alongside co-recipient <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a>, and was knighted in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-RIAUS_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIAUS-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_family">Early life and family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cornforth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in Sydney, Cornforth was the son and the second of four children of English-born, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a>-educated schoolmaster and teacher John Warcup Cornforth and Hilda Eipper (1887–1969), a granddaughter of pioneering missionary and <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a> minister <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Eipper" title="Christopher Eipper">Christopher Eipper</a>. Before her marriage, Eipper had been a maternity nurse.<sup id="cite_ref-NNDB_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNDB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UniSyd_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UniSyd-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cornforth was raised in Sydney as well as <a href="/wiki/Armidale,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Armidale, New South Wales">Armidale</a>, in the north of New South Wales,<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he undertook primary school education.<sup id="cite_ref-UniSyd_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UniSyd-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> At about 10 years old,<sup id="cite_ref-UniSyd_2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UniSyd_2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cornforth had noted signs of deafness, which led to a diagnosis of <a href="/wiki/Otosclerosis" title="Otosclerosis">otosclerosis</a>, a disease of the middle ear which causes progressive hearing loss. This left him completely deaf by the age of 20 but also fatefully influenced his career direction away from law, his original intended field of study, and towards chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an interview with <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kroto" title="Harry Kroto">Sir Harry Kroto</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Vega_Science_Trust" title="Vega Science Trust">Vega Science Trust</a>, Cornforth explained:</p><blockquote><p>I had to find something in which the loss of hearing would not be too severe a handicap...I chose chemistry...The most liberating thing was the realization that the literature wasn't entirely correct. It gave me quite a shock at first, and then a thrill. Because I can set this right! And always, and ever since, I've relied upon the primary literature exclusively.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cornforth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cornforth was educated at <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Boys_High_School" title="Sydney Boys High School">Sydney Boys' High School</a>, where he excelled academically, passed tests in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was inspired by his chemistry teacher, Leonard ("Len") Basser,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to change his career directions from law to chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-UniSyd_2_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UniSyd_2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cornforth graduated as the <a href="/wiki/Dux#Education" title="Dux">dux</a> of the class of 1933 at Sydney Boys' High School, at the age of 16.<sup id="cite_ref-Eckert_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eckert-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1934, Cornforth matriculated and studied at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney" title="University of Sydney">University of Sydney</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Eckert_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eckert-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where he studied <a href="/wiki/Organic_chemistry" title="Organic chemistry">organic chemistry</a> at the University of Sydney's <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sydney_School_of_Chemistry" title="University of Sydney School of Chemistry">School of Chemistry</a> and from which he graduated with a Bachelor of Science with <a href="/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification#First-class_honours" title="British undergraduate degree classification">First-Class Honours</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_Medal" title="University Medal">University Medal</a> in 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-RIAUS_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIAUS-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UniSyd_3_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UniSyd_3-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his studies, his hearing became progressively worse, thus making listening to lectures difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, he could not use hearing aids as the sound became distorted, and he did not significantly use <a href="/wiki/Lip_reading" title="Lip reading">lip reading</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>While studying at the University of Sydney, Cornforth met his future wife, fellow chemist and scientific collaborator, <a href="/wiki/Rita_Harradence" title="Rita Harradence">Rita Harradence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SGGHS_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SGGHS-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cornforths_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornforths-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harradence was a graduate of <a href="/wiki/St_George_Girls_High_School" title="St George Girls High School">St George Girls High School</a><sup id="cite_ref-SGGHS_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SGGHS-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cornforths_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cornforths-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a distinguished academic achiever<sup id="cite_ref-UniSyd_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UniSyd-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who had topped the state in Chemistry in the New South Wales Leaving Certificate Examination.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harradence graduated with a Bachelor of Science with First-Class Honours and the University Medal in Organic Chemistry in 1936, a year ahead of Cornforth.<sup id="cite_ref-Scholarship_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scholarship-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Harradence also graduated with a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">MSc</a> in 1937,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> writing a master's thesis titled "Attempts to synthesise the pyridine analogue of vitamin B1".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1939, Cornforth and Harradence, independently of each other, each won one of two Science Research Scholarships (the <a href="/wiki/1851_Research_Fellowship" title="1851 Research Fellowship">1851 Research Fellowship</a>) from the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_for_the_Exhibition_of_1851" title="Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851">Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tenable overseas for two years.<sup id="cite_ref-Scholarship_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scholarship-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the University of Oxford, Harradence was a member of <a href="/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford" title="Somerville College, Oxford">Somerville College</a> while Cornforth was at <a href="/wiki/St_Catherine%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Catherine's College, Oxford">St. Catherine's College</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they worked with Sir <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(organic_chemist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Robinson (organic chemist)">Robert Robinson</a>, with whom they collaborated for 14 years.<sup id="cite_ref-UniSyd_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UniSyd-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his time at Oxford, Cornforth found working for and with Robinson stimulating, and the two often deliberated to no end until one had a cogent case against the other's counterargument.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1941, Cornforth and Harradence both graduated with a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">D.Phil.</a> in Organic Chemistry.<sup id="cite_ref-phd_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-phd-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, there were no institutions or facilities at which a PhD in chemistry could be done in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cornforth&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his arrival at Oxford and during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Cornforth significantly influenced the work on <a href="/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin">penicillin</a>, particularly in purifying and concentrating it. Penicillin is usually very unstable in its crude form; as a consequence of this, researchers at the time were building upon <a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Howard Florey</a>'s work on the drug. In 1940, Cornforth and other chemists measured the yield of penicillin in arbitrary units to understand the conditions that favoured penicillin production and activity, and he contributed to the writing of <i>The Chemistry of Penicillin</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1946, the Cornforths, who had by now married, left Oxford and joined the <a href="/wiki/Medical_Research_Council_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical Research Council (UK)">Medical Research Council</a> (MRC), working at the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_for_Medical_Research" title="National Institute for Medical Research">National Institute for Medical Research</a> (NIMR), where they continued on earlier work in synthesising sterols, including cholesterol. The Cornforths' collaboration with Robinson continued and flourished. In 1951, they completed, simultaneously with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Burns Woodward</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, the first total synthesis of the non-aromatic steroids. At the NIMR, Cornforth collaborated with numerous biological scientists, including <a href="/wiki/George_Popj%C3%A1k" class="mw-redirect" title="George Popják">George Popják</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with whom he shared an interest in cholesterol. Together, they received the <a href="/wiki/Davy_Medal" title="Davy Medal">Davy Medal</a> in 1968 in recognition of their distinguished joint work on the elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway to polyisoprenoids and steroids. </p><p>While working at the MRC, Cornforth was appointed a professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Warwick" title="University of Warwick">University of Warwick</a> and was employed there from 1965 to 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In 1975, Cornforth was awarded a share of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, alongside <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a>. In his acceptance speech, Cornforth said:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Throughout my scientific career my wife has been my most constant collaborator. Her experimental skill made major contributions to the work; she has eased for me beyond measure the difficulties of communication that accompany deafness; her encouragement and fortitude have been my strongest support.<sup id="cite_ref-Rita_Cornforth_Fellowships_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rita_Cornforth_Fellowships-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Also in 1975, he moved to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex">University of Sussex</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> <a href="/wiki/Research_Professor" class="mw-redirect" title="Research Professor">Research Professor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nobelprize_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nobelprize-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cornforth remained there as a professor and was active in research until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-SussexLifesci_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SussexLifesci-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cornforth&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1941, the year in which they graduated from the University of Oxford, Cornforth married Rita Harriet Harradence (b. 1915),<sup id="cite_ref-EB_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SGGHS_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SGGHS-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with whom he had one son, John, and two daughters, Brenda and Philippa.<sup id="cite_ref-NNDB_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNDB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Telegraph_obit_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Telegraph_obit-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cornforth had met Harradence after she had broken a <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Ludwig_Claisen" title="Rainer Ludwig Claisen">Claisen</a> flask in their second year at the University of Sydney; Cornforth, with his expertise of <a href="/wiki/Glassblowing" title="Glassblowing">glassblowing</a> and the use of a <a href="/wiki/Blowpipe_(tool)" title="Blowpipe (tool)">blowpipe</a>, mended the break.<sup id="cite_ref-Bob_Thomas_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bob_Thomas-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rita Cornforth died on 6 November 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at home with her family around her,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following a long illness.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On an important author or paper that was integral to his success, Cornforth stated that he was particularly impressed by the works of German chemist <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Emil_Fischer" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermann Emil Fischer">Hermann Emil Fischer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bob_Thomas_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bob_Thomas-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cornforth died in <a href="/wiki/Sussex" title="Sussex">Sussex</a> on 8 December 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Telegraph_obit_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Telegraph_obit-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the age of 96.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cornforth is survived by his three children and four grandchildren.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a <a href="/wiki/Sceptic" class="mw-redirect" title="Sceptic">sceptic</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_and_awards">Honours and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cornforth&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Honours and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cornforth was named the <a href="/wiki/Australian_of_the_Year" title="Australian of the Year">Australian of the Year</a> in 1975,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> jointly with Maj. Gen. <a href="/wiki/Alan_Stretton" title="Alan Stretton">Alan Stretton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1977, Cornforth was recognised by his alma mater, the University of Sydney, with the award of an honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">Doctor of Science</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cornforth's other awards and recognitions follow: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davy_Medal" title="Davy Medal">Davy Medal</a> (1968; jointly with <a href="/wiki/George_Joseph_Popj%C3%A1k" title="George Joseph Popják">George Joseph Popják</a>)</li> <li>Elected a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society_elected_in_1953" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1953">Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1953</a><sup id="cite_ref-royal_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-frs_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire" title="Order of the British Empire">Order of the British Empire</a> (CBE; 1972)<sup id="cite_ref-syduni_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syduni-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Medal" title="Royal Medal">Royal Medal</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a> (1977)<sup id="cite_ref-syduni_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-syduni-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Corresponding <a href="/wiki/List_of_Fellows_of_the_Australian_Academy_of_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Fellows of the Australian Academy of Science">Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science</a> (1977)</li> <li>Foreign member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> (since 1978)<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medal</a> (1982)</li> <li>Companion of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Australia" title="Order of Australia">Order of Australia</a> (AC; 1991)<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centenary_Medal" title="Centenary Medal">Centenary Medal</a> (2001)<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div><p> Cornforth's certificate of election for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> reads: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Distinguished as an Organic Chemist of outstanding originality and exceptional experimental skill, particularly in microchemical manipulation. He was the first to attribute the correct constitution to <a href="/wiki/Penicillamine" title="Penicillamine">penicillamine</a> and to synthesise the amino-acid. After making significant contributions to the synthesis of <a href="/wiki/Penicillin" title="Penicillin">penicillin</a> he notably developed the chemistry of the <a href="/wiki/Oxazole" title="Oxazole">oxazole</a> group and made oxazole itself for the first time. </p><p>The important share he took in the total synthesis of <a href="/wiki/Androgen" title="Androgen">androgenic</a> hormones and other <a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">steroids</a> is gratefully recognised by all his collaborators in the investigation. </p><p> Miscellaneous work on <a href="/wiki/Natural_product" title="Natural product">natural products</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a> equally displays individual thought, invention, and superlative technical accomplishment.<sup id="cite_ref-royal_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-royal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture">Popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cornforth&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cornforth was the focus of a skit on an episode of <a href="/wiki/Comedy_Inc._(Australian_TV_series)" title="Comedy Inc. (Australian TV series)"><i>Comedy Inc</i>.</a>, whereby a fictional <i><a href="/wiki/Who_Wants_to_Be_a_Millionaire%3F_(Australian_game_show)" title="Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Australian game show)">Who Wants to Be A Millionaire?</a></i> contestant (played by <a href="/wiki/Genevieve_Morris" title="Genevieve Morris">Genevieve Morris</a>) is asked "Which Australian scientist won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1975?" for the million-dollar question. As it happens, the contestant gleefully claims they are second cousins with Cornforth (despite being nearly 50 years his junior) and knows Cornforth is the answer, confidently rattling off a bunch of highly specific and esoteric facts about Cornforth's life and achievements, all the while the host (a satirical portrayal of <a href="/wiki/Eddie_McGuire" title="Eddie McGuire">Eddie McGuire</a>) stubbornly and continuously stalls her for dramatic effect, asking her for several minutes if she'd like to think about it more to an absurd degree.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 7, 2017, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> celebrated his 100th birthday with a <a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Google Doodle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Chemical_Institute" title="Royal Australian Chemical Institute">Royal Australian Chemical Institute</a> (RACI) honours Cornforth by naming its prize for the best PhD thesis in chemical science completed at an Australian university the Cornforth Medal.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cornforth&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-royal-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-royal_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-royal_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-royal_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140327142941/http://royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo=='EC/1953/06')">"Cornforth, Sir, John Warcup: Library and Archive Catalogue"</a>. London: The Royal Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://royalsociety.org/DServe/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=(RefNo==%27EC%2F1953%2F06%27)">the original</a> on 27 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cornforth%2C+Sir%2C+John+Warcup%3A+Library+and+Archive+Catalogue&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Royal+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2FDServe%2Fdserve.exe%3FdsqIni%3DDserve.ini%26dsqApp%3DArchive%26dsqDb%3DCatalog%26dsqCmd%3Dshow.tcl%26dsqSearch%3D%28RefNo%3D%3D%2527EC%252F1953%252F06%2527%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Cornforth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-frs-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frs_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frs_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBattersbyYoung2015" class="citation journal cs1">Battersby, Sir Alan R.; Young, Douglas W. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vega+Science+Trust&rft.atitle=John+%27Kappa%27+Cornforth&rft.aulast=Dean&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvega.org.uk%2Fvideo%2Fprogramme%2F19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Cornforth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytobit-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChang2013" class="citation news cs1">Chang, Kenneth (19 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/20/world/asia/john-w-cornforth-96-nobel-winning-chemist-dies.html">"John W. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://riaus.org.au/people/john-cornforth/">the original</a> on 14 January 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Institution+of+Australia&rft.atitle=John+Cornforth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Friaus.org.au%2Fpeople%2Fjohn-cornforth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Cornforth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UniSyd-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UniSyd_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UniSyd_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UniSyd_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UniSyd_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131207160559/http://sydney.edu.au/science/chemistry/aboutus/cornforth.html">"Sir John Cornforth (1917–2013)"</a>. <i>University of Sydney, School of Chemistry</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Sydney%2C+School+of+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Sir+John+Cornforth+%281917%E2%80%932013%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsydney.edu.au%2Fscience%2Fchemistry%2Faboutus%2Fcornforth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Cornforth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nobelprize-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nobelprize_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1975/cornforth-bio.html">"John Cornforth – Biographical"</a>. <i>Nobelprize.org</i>. 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Sydney%2C+School+of+Chemistry&rft.atitle=How+the+Cornforths+started+out+in+chemistry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsydney.edu.au%2Fscience%2Fchemistry%2Fhistory%2Fcornforths-history.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Cornforth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biotechnology-innovation.com.au/scientists/john_cornforth.html">John Cornforth</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110215220920/http://www.biotechnology-innovation.com.au/scientists/john_cornforth.html">Archived</a> 15 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, biotechnology-innovation.com.au</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFII2013" class="citation web cs1">II, Thomas H. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=It%27s+an+Honour&rft.atitle=Centenary+Medal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhonours.pmc.gov.au%2Fhonours%2Fawards%2F1127358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Cornforth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MtmC0LrB6lw"><i>Comedy Inc - Millionaire Parody</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 August</span> 2023</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Comedy+Inc+-+Millionaire+Parody&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DMtmC0LrB6lw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Cornforth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doodles.google/doodle/sir-john-cornforths-100th-birthday/">"Sir John Cornforth's 100th Birthday"</a>. <i>Google</i>. 7 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google&rft.atitle=Sir+John+Cornforth%27s+100th+Birthday&rft.date=2017-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoodles.google%2Fdoodle%2Fsir-john-cornforths-100th-birthday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Cornforth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.raci.org.au/events-and-awards/awards/national-awards/research-innovation/cornforth-medal2">"Cornforth Medal - Royal Australian Chemical Institute"</a>. <i>raci.org.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=raci.org.au&rft.atitle=Cornforth+Medal+-+Royal+Australian+Chemical+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.raci.org.au%2Fevents-and-awards%2Fawards%2Fnational-awards%2Fresearch-innovation%2Fcornforth-medal2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Cornforth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Cornforth&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/247">John Cornforth</a> on Nobelprize.org <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135154#P8024" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person.php?LinkID=mp06512">Portraits of John Cornforth</a> at the <a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery,_London" title="National Portrait Gallery, London">National Portrait Gallery, London</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135154#P1816" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Template talk:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nobel Prize in Chemistry"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_in_Chemistry" title="List of Nobel laureates in Chemistry">Laureates</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1901–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1901: <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Henricus_van_%27t_Hoff" title="Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff">Jacobus van 't Hoff</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1902: <a href="/wiki/Emil_Fischer" title="Emil Fischer">Emil Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1903: <a href="/wiki/Svante_Arrhenius" title="Svante Arrhenius">Svante Arrhenius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1904: <a href="/wiki/William_Ramsay" title="William Ramsay">William Ramsay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1905: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_von_Baeyer" title="Adolf von Baeyer">Adolf von Baeyer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1906: <a href="/wiki/Henri_Moissan" title="Henri Moissan">Henri Moissan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1907: <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Buchner" title="Eduard Buchner">Eduard Buchner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1908: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1909: <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ostwald" title="Wilhelm Ostwald">Wilhelm Ostwald</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1910: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Wallach" title="Otto Wallach">Otto Wallach</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1911: <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1912: <a href="/wiki/Victor_Grignard" title="Victor Grignard">Victor Grignard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(chemist)" title="Paul Sabatier (chemist)">Paul Sabatier</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1913: <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1914: <a href="/wiki/Theodore_William_Richards" title="Theodore William Richards">Theodore Richards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1915: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Willst%C3%A4tter" title="Richard Willstätter">Richard Willstätter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1916</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1917</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1918: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Haber" title="Fritz Haber">Fritz Haber</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1919</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1920: <a href="/wiki/Walther_Nernst" title="Walther Nernst">Walther Nernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1921: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Frederick Soddy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1922: <a href="/wiki/Francis_William_Aston" title="Francis William Aston">Francis Aston</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1923: <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Pregl" title="Fritz Pregl">Fritz Pregl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1924</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1925: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Adolf_Zsigmondy" title="Richard Adolf Zsigmondy">Richard Zsigmondy</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/80px-Nobel_Prize.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/120px-Nobel_Prize.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/ed/Nobel_Prize.png/160px-Nobel_Prize.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="492" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1926: <a href="/wiki/Theodor_Svedberg" title="Theodor Svedberg">Theodor Svedberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1927: <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Otto_Wieland" title="Heinrich Otto Wieland">Heinrich Wieland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1928: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Windaus" title="Adolf Windaus">Adolf Windaus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1929: <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Harden" title="Arthur Harden">Arthur Harden</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Euler-Chelpin" title="Hans von Euler-Chelpin">Hans von Euler-Chelpin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1930: <a href="/wiki/Hans_Fischer" title="Hans Fischer">Hans Fischer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1931: <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bosch" title="Carl Bosch">Carl Bosch</a> / <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Bergius" title="Friedrich Bergius">Friedrich Bergius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1932: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Langmuir" title="Irving Langmuir">Irving Langmuir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1933</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1934: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1935: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Joliot-Curie" title="Frédéric Joliot-Curie">Frédéric Joliot-Curie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Joliot-Curie" title="Irène Joliot-Curie">Irène Joliot-Curie</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1936: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Debye" title="Peter Debye">Peter Debye</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1937: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Haworth" title="Norman Haworth">Norman Haworth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Karrer" title="Paul Karrer">Paul Karrer</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1938: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kuhn" title="Richard Kuhn">Richard Kuhn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1939: <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Butenandt" title="Adolf Butenandt">Adolf Butenandt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Leopold_Ru%C5%BEi%C4%8Dka" title="Leopold Ružička">Leopold Ružička</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1940</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1941</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:darkgrey">1942</span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1943: <a href="/wiki/George_de_Hevesy" title="George de Hevesy">George de Hevesy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1944: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Otto Hahn</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1945: <a href="/wiki/Artturi_Ilmari_Virtanen" title="Artturi Ilmari Virtanen">Artturi Virtanen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1946: <a href="/wiki/James_B._Sumner" title="James B. Sumner">James B. Sumner</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Howard_Northrop" title="John Howard Northrop">John Northrop</a> / <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Meredith_Stanley" title="Wendell Meredith Stanley">Wendell Meredith Stanley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1947: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(chemist)" title="Robert Robinson (chemist)">Robert Robinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1948: <a href="/wiki/Arne_Tiselius" title="Arne Tiselius">Arne Tiselius</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1949: <a href="/wiki/William_Giauque" title="William Giauque">William Giauque</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1950: <a href="/wiki/Otto_Diels" title="Otto Diels">Otto Diels</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Alder" title="Kurt Alder">Kurt Alder</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1951: <a href="/wiki/Edwin_McMillan" title="Edwin McMillan">Edwin McMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glenn_T._Seaborg" title="Glenn T. Seaborg">Glenn T. Seaborg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1952: <a href="/wiki/Archer_Martin" title="Archer Martin">Archer Martin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Laurence_Millington_Synge" title="Richard Laurence Millington Synge">Richard Synge</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1953: <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Staudinger" title="Hermann Staudinger">Hermann Staudinger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1954: <a href="/wiki/Linus_Pauling" title="Linus Pauling">Linus Pauling</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1955: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_du_Vigneaud" title="Vincent du Vigneaud">Vincent du Vigneaud</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1956: <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Hinshelwood</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nikolay_Semyonov" title="Nikolay Semyonov">Nikolay Semyonov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1957: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander Todd</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1958: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1959: <a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Heyrovsk%C3%BD" title="Jaroslav Heyrovský">Jaroslav Heyrovský</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1960: <a href="/wiki/Willard_Libby" title="Willard Libby">Willard Libby</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1961: <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Calvin" title="Melvin Calvin">Melvin Calvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1962: <a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Kendrew" title="John Kendrew">John Kendrew</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1963: <a href="/wiki/Karl_Ziegler" title="Karl Ziegler">Karl Ziegler</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Natta" title="Giulio Natta">Giulio Natta</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1964: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1965: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Woodward</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1966: <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Mulliken" title="Robert S. Mulliken">Robert S. Mulliken</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1967: <a href="/wiki/Manfred_Eigen" title="Manfred Eigen">Manfred Eigen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ronald_George_Wreyford_Norrish" title="Ronald George Wreyford Norrish">Ronald Norrish</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1968: <a href="/wiki/Lars_Onsager" title="Lars Onsager">Lars Onsager</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1969: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> / <a href="/wiki/Odd_Hassel" title="Odd Hassel">Odd Hassel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1970: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Federico_Leloir" title="Luis Federico Leloir">Luis Federico Leloir</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1971: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Herzberg" title="Gerhard Herzberg">Gerhard Herzberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1972: <a href="/wiki/Christian_B._Anfinsen" title="Christian B. Anfinsen">Christian B. Anfinsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Moore" title="Stanford Moore">Stanford Moore</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Stein" title="William Howard Stein">William Stein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1973: <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Otto_Fischer" title="Ernst Otto Fischer">Ernst Otto Fischer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wilkinson" title="Geoffrey Wilkinson">Geoffrey Wilkinson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1974: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Flory" title="Paul Flory">Paul Flory</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1975: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Cornforth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">1976: <a href="/wiki/William_Lipscomb" title="William Lipscomb">William Lipscomb</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1977: <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine" title="Ilya Prigogine">Ilya Prigogine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1978: <a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1979: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_C._Brown" title="Herbert C. Brown">Herbert C. Brown</a> / <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wittig" title="Georg Wittig">Georg Wittig</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1980: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Berg" title="Paul Berg">Paul Berg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Walter_Gilbert" title="Walter Gilbert">Walter Gilbert</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1981: <a href="/wiki/Kenichi_Fukui" title="Kenichi Fukui">Kenichi Fukui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roald_Hoffmann" title="Roald Hoffmann">Roald Hoffmann</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1982: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1983: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taube" title="Henry Taube">Henry Taube</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1984: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bruce_Merrifield" title="Robert Bruce Merrifield">Robert Merrifield</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1985: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_A._Hauptman" title="Herbert A. Hauptman">Herbert A. Hauptman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Karle" title="Jerome Karle">Jerome Karle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1986: <a href="/wiki/Dudley_R._Herschbach" title="Dudley R. Herschbach">Dudley R. Herschbach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yuan_T._Lee" title="Yuan T. Lee">Yuan T. Lee</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Polanyi" title="John Polanyi">John Polanyi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1987: <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Cram" title="Donald J. Cram">Donald J. Cram</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Lehn" title="Jean-Marie Lehn">Jean-Marie Lehn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Charles_J._Pedersen" title="Charles J. Pedersen">Charles J. Pedersen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1988: <a href="/wiki/Johann_Deisenhofer" title="Johann Deisenhofer">Johann Deisenhofer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Huber" title="Robert Huber">Robert Huber</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hartmut_Michel" title="Hartmut Michel">Hartmut Michel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1989: <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Altman" title="Sidney Altman">Sidney Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cech" title="Thomas Cech">Thomas Cech</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1990: <a href="/wiki/Elias_James_Corey" title="Elias James Corey">Elias Corey</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1991: <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1992: <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_A._Marcus" title="Rudolph A. Marcus">Rudolph A. Marcus</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1993: <a href="/wiki/Kary_Mullis" title="Kary Mullis">Kary Mullis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Smith_(chemist)" title="Michael Smith (chemist)">Michael Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1994: <a href="/wiki/George_Andrew_Olah" title="George Andrew Olah">George Olah</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1995: <a href="/wiki/Paul_J._Crutzen" title="Paul J. Crutzen">Paul J. Crutzen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mario_Molina" title="Mario Molina">Mario Molina</a> / <a href="/wiki/F._Sherwood_Rowland" title="F. Sherwood Rowland">F. Sherwood Rowland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1996: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Curl" title="Robert Curl">Robert Curl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Harry_Kroto" title="Harry Kroto">Harold Kroto</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smalley" title="Richard Smalley">Richard Smalley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1997: <a href="/wiki/Paul_D._Boyer" title="Paul D. Boyer">Paul D. Boyer</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_E._Walker" title="John E. Walker">John E. Walker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jens_Christian_Skou" title="Jens Christian Skou">Jens Christian Skou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1998: <a href="/wiki/Walter_Kohn" title="Walter Kohn">Walter Kohn</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_Pople" title="John Pople">John Pople</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1999: <a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2000: <a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Heeger" title="Alan J. Heeger">Alan J. Heeger</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alan_MacDiarmid" title="Alan MacDiarmid">Alan MacDiarmid</a> / <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Shirakawa" title="Hideki Shirakawa">Hideki Shirakawa</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">2001: <a href="/wiki/William_Standish_Knowles" title="William Standish Knowles">William Knowles</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dji_Noyori" title="Ryōji Noyori">Ryoji Noyori</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">K. Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2002: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Fenn" title="John B. Fenn">John B. Fenn</a> / <a href="/wiki/Koichi_Tanaka" title="Koichi Tanaka">Koichi Tanaka</a> / <a href="/wiki/Kurt_W%C3%BCthrich" title="Kurt Wüthrich">Kurt Wüthrich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2003: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Agre" title="Peter Agre">Peter Agre</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roderick_MacKinnon" title="Roderick MacKinnon">Roderick MacKinnon</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2004: <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Ciechanover" title="Aaron Ciechanover">Aaron Ciechanover</a> / <a href="/wiki/Avram_Hershko" title="Avram Hershko">Avram Hershko</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irwin_Rose" title="Irwin Rose">Irwin Rose</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2005: <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Grubbs" title="Robert H. Grubbs">Robert H. Grubbs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Schrock" title="Richard R. Schrock">Richard R. Schrock</a> / <a href="/wiki/Yves_Chauvin" title="Yves Chauvin">Yves Chauvin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2006: <a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Kornberg" title="Roger D. Kornberg">Roger D. Kornberg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2007: <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Ertl" title="Gerhard Ertl">Gerhard Ertl</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2008: <a href="/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura" title="Osamu Shimomura">Osamu Shimomura</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Chalfie" title="Martin Chalfie">Martin Chalfie</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien" title="Roger Y. Tsien">Roger Y. Tsien</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2009: <a href="/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan">Venkatraman Ramakrishnan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Steitz" title="Thomas A. Steitz">Thomas A. Steitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada E. Yonath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2010: <a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Heck" title="Richard F. Heck">Richard F. Heck</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Suzuki" title="Akira Suzuki">Akira Suzuki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ei-ichi_Negishi" title="Ei-ichi Negishi">Ei-ichi Negishi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2011: <a href="/wiki/Dan_Shechtman" title="Dan Shechtman">Dan Shechtman</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2012: <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lefkowitz" title="Robert Lefkowitz">Robert Lefkowitz</a> / <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kobilka" title="Brian Kobilka">Brian Kobilka</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2013: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Karplus" title="Martin Karplus">Martin Karplus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Levitt_(biophysicist)" title="Michael Levitt (biophysicist)">Michael Levitt</a> / <a href="/wiki/Arieh_Warshel" title="Arieh Warshel">Arieh Warshel</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2014: <a href="/wiki/Eric_Betzig" title="Eric Betzig">Eric Betzig</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Hell" title="Stefan Hell">Stefan Hell</a> / <a href="/wiki/William_E._Moerner" title="William E. Moerner">William E. Moerner</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2015: <a href="/wiki/Tomas_Lindahl" title="Tomas Lindahl">Tomas Lindahl</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_L._Modrich" title="Paul L. Modrich">Paul L. Modrich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Aziz_Sancar" title="Aziz Sancar">Aziz Sancar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2016: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Sauvage" title="Jean-Pierre Sauvage">Jean-Pierre Sauvage</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ben_Feringa" title="Ben Feringa">Ben Feringa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2017: <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Dubochet" title="Jacques Dubochet">Jacques Dubochet</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Frank" title="Joachim Frank">Joachim Frank</a> / <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henderson_(biologist)" title="Richard Henderson (biologist)">Richard Henderson</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2018: <a href="/wiki/Frances_Arnold" title="Frances Arnold">Frances Arnold</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Smith_(chemist)" title="George Smith (chemist)">George Smith</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2019: <a href="/wiki/John_B._Goodenough" title="John B. Goodenough">John B. Goodenough</a> / <a href="/wiki/M._Stanley_Whittingham" title="M. Stanley Whittingham">M. Stanley Whittingham</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yoshino" title="Akira Yoshino">Akira Yoshino</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2020: <a href="/wiki/Emmanuelle_Charpentier" title="Emmanuelle Charpentier">Emmanuelle Charpentier</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Doudna" title="Jennifer Doudna">Jennifer Doudna</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2021: <a href="/wiki/David_MacMillan" title="David MacMillan">David MacMillan</a> / <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_List" title="Benjamin List">Benjamin List</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2022: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bertozzi" title="Carolyn Bertozzi">Carolyn R. Bertozzi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Morten_P._Meldal" title="Morten P. Meldal">Morten P. Meldal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Karl_Barry_Sharpless" title="Karl Barry Sharpless">Karl Barry Sharpless</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2023: <a href="/wiki/Moungi_Bawendi" title="Moungi Bawendi">Moungi G. Bawendi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Louis_E._Brus" title="Louis E. Brus">Louis E. Brus</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexey_Ekimov" title="Alexey Ekimov">Alexei I. Ekimov</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2024: <a href="/wiki/David_Baker_(biochemist)" title="David Baker (biochemist)">David Baker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Demis_Hassabis" title="Demis Hassabis">Demis Hassabis</a> / <a href="/wiki/John_M._Jumper" title="John M. Jumper">John M. Jumper</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="1975_Nobel_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1975_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1975 Nobel Prize 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href="/wiki/Vladimir_Prelog" title="Vladimir Prelog">Vladimir Prelog</a> (Switzerland)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> (<a href="/wiki/1975_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1975 Nobel Prize in Literature">1975</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Montale" title="Eugenio Montale">Eugenio Montale</a> (Italy)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Sakharov" title="Andrei Sakharov">Andrei Sakharov</a> (Soviet Union)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aage_Bohr" title="Aage Bohr">Aage Bohr</a> (Denmark)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Roy_Mottelson" title="Ben Roy Mottelson">Ben Roy Mottelson</a> (Denmark)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">James Rainwater</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Dulbecco" title="Renato Dulbecco">Renato Dulbecco</a> (United States)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Martin_Temin" title="Howard Martin Temin">Howard Martin Temin</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economic Sciences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Kantorovich" title="Leonid Kantorovich">Leonid Kantorovich</a> (Soviet Union)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjalling_Koopmans" title="Tjalling Koopmans">Tjalling Koopmans</a> (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates" title="List of Nobel laureates">Nobel Prize recipients</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1970_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1970 Nobel Prize winners">1970</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1971_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1971 Nobel Prize winners">1971</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1972_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1972 Nobel Prize winners">1972</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1973_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1973 Nobel Prize winners">1973</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1974_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1974 Nobel Prize winners">1974</a></dd> <dd><b>1975 </b></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1976_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1976 Nobel Prize winners">1976</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1977_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1977 Nobel Prize winners">1977</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1978_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1978 Nobel Prize winners">1978</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1979_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1979 Nobel Prize winners">1979</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:1980_Nobel_Prize_winners" title="Template:1980 Nobel Prize winners">1980</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Winners_of_the_Australian_of_the_Year_Award" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Australians_of_the_Year" title="Template:Australians of the Year"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Australians_of_the_Year" title="Template talk:Australians of the Year"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Australians_of_the_Year" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Australians of the Year"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Winners_of_the_Australian_of_the_Year_Award" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_of_the_Year_Award_recipients" title="List of Australian of the Year Award recipients">Winners</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_of_the_Year" title="Australian of the Year">Australian of the Year</a> Award</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">1960</span> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Macfarlane_Burnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Macfarlane Burnet">Frank Burnet</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1961</span> <a href="/wiki/Joan_Sutherland" title="Joan Sutherland">Joan Sutherland</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1962</span> <a href="/wiki/Jock_Sturrock" title="Jock Sturrock">Jock Sturrock</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1963</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Eccles_(neurophysiologist)" title="John Eccles (neurophysiologist)">John Eccles</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1964</span> <a href="/wiki/Dawn_Fraser" title="Dawn Fraser">Dawn Fraser</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1965</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Helpmann" title="Robert Helpmann">Robert Helpmann</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1966</span> <a href="/wiki/Jack_Brabham" title="Jack Brabham">Jack Brabham</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1967</span> <a href="/wiki/The_Seekers" title="The Seekers">The Seekers</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1968</span> <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Rose" title="Lionel Rose">Lionel Rose</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1969</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Casey,_Baron_Casey" title="Richard Casey, Baron Casey">Lord Casey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">1970</span> <a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas_Gilroy" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman Thomas Gilroy">Norman Gilroy</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1971</span> <a href="/wiki/Evonne_Goolagong_Cawley" title="Evonne Goolagong Cawley">Evonne Goolagong</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1972</span> <a href="/wiki/Shane_Gould" title="Shane Gould">Shane Gould</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1973</span> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_White" title="Patrick White">Patrick White</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1974</span> <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Heinze" title="Bernard Heinze">Bernard Heinze</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1975</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Cornforth</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alan_Stretton" title="Alan Stretton">Alan Stretton</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1976</span> <a href="/wiki/Weary_Dunlop" title="Weary Dunlop">Edward Dunlop</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1977</span> <a href="/wiki/Raigh_Roe" title="Raigh Roe">Raigh Roe</a>/<a href="/wiki/Murray_Tyrrell" title="Murray Tyrrell">Murray Tyrrell</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1978</span> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Bond" title="Alan Bond">Alan Bond</a>/<a href="/wiki/Galarrwuy_Yunupingu" title="Galarrwuy Yunupingu">Galarrwuy Yunupingu</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1979</span> <a href="/wiki/Neville_Bonner" title="Neville Bonner">Neville Bonner</a>/<a href="/wiki/Harry_Butler" title="Harry Butler">Harry Butler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">1980</span> <a href="/wiki/Manning_Clark" title="Manning Clark">Manning Clark</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1981</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Crawford_(economist)" title="John Crawford (economist)">John Crawford</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1982</span> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Williams_(Queensland_judge)" title="Edward Williams (Queensland judge)">Edward Williams</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1983</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Castella" title="Robert de Castella">Robert de Castella</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1984</span> <a href="/wiki/Lowitja_O%27Donoghue" title="Lowitja O'Donoghue">Lowitja O'Donoghue</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1985</span> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hogan" title="Paul Hogan">Paul Hogan</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1986</span> <a href="/wiki/Dick_Smith_(entrepreneur)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dick Smith (entrepreneur)">Dick Smith</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1987</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Farnham" title="John Farnham">John Farnham</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1988</span> <a href="/wiki/Kay_Cottee" title="Kay Cottee">Kay Cottee</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1989</span> <a href="/wiki/Allan_Border" title="Allan Border">Allan Border</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">1990</span> <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hollows" title="Fred Hollows">Fred Hollows</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1991</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hollingworth" title="Peter Hollingworth">Peter Hollingworth</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1992</span> <a href="/wiki/Mandawuy_Yunupingu" title="Mandawuy Yunupingu">Mandawuy Yunupingu</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1993</span> <i>no award</i></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1994</span> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Kiernan" title="Ian Kiernan">Ian Kiernan</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1995</span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Boyd" title="Arthur Boyd">Arthur Boyd</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1996</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Yu" title="John Yu">John Yu</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1997</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_C._Doherty" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter C. Doherty">Peter Doherty</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1998</span> <a href="/wiki/Cathy_Freeman" title="Cathy Freeman">Cathy Freeman</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">1999</span> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Taylor_(cricketer)" title="Mark Taylor (cricketer)">Mark Taylor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">2000</span> <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Nossal" title="Gustav Nossal">Gustav Nossal</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2001</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cosgrove" title="Peter Cosgrove">Peter Cosgrove</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2002</span> <a href="/wiki/Pat_Rafter" title="Pat Rafter">Pat Rafter</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2003</span> <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Stanley" title="Fiona Stanley">Fiona Stanley</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2004</span> <a href="/wiki/Steve_Waugh" title="Steve Waugh">Steve Waugh</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2005</span> <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Wood" title="Fiona Wood">Fiona Wood</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2006</span> <a href="/wiki/Ian_Frazer" title="Ian Frazer">Ian Frazer</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2007</span> <a href="/wiki/Tim_Flannery" title="Tim Flannery">Tim Flannery</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2008</span> <a href="/wiki/Lee_Kernaghan" title="Lee Kernaghan">Lee Kernaghan</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2009</span> <a href="/wiki/Mick_Dodson" title="Mick Dodson">Mick Dodson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">2010</span> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_McGorry" title="Patrick McGorry">Patrick McGorry</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2011</span> <a href="/wiki/Simon_McKeon" title="Simon McKeon">Simon McKeon</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2012</span> <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2013</span> <a href="/wiki/Ita_Buttrose" title="Ita Buttrose">Ita Buttrose</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2014</span> <a href="/wiki/Adam_Goodes" title="Adam Goodes">Adam Goodes</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2015</span> <a href="/wiki/Rosie_Batty" title="Rosie Batty">Rosie Batty</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2016</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Morrison" title="David Morrison">David Morrison</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2017</span> <a href="/wiki/Alan_Mackay-Sim" title="Alan Mackay-Sim">Alan Mackay-Sim</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2018</span> <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Simmons" title="Michelle Simmons">Michelle Simmons</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2019</span> <a href="/wiki/Craig_Challen" title="Craig Challen">Craig Challen</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Harris_(anaesthetist)" title="Richard Harris (anaesthetist)">Richard Harris</a> (joint)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">2020</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Muecke" title="James Muecke">James Muecke</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2021</span> <a href="/wiki/Grace_Tame" title="Grace Tame">Grace Tame</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2022</span> <a href="/wiki/Dylan_Alcott" title="Dylan Alcott">Dylan Alcott</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2023</span> <a href="/wiki/Taryn_Brumfitt" title="Taryn Brumfitt">Taryn Brumfitt</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">2024</span> <a href="/wiki/Georgina_Long" title="Georgina Long">Georgina Long</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Scolyer" title="Richard Scolyer">Richard Scolyer</a> (joint)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Copley_Medallists_(1951–2000)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Copley_Medallists_1951%E2%80%932000" title="Template:Copley Medallists 1951–2000"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Copley_Medallists_1951%E2%80%932000" title="Template talk:Copley Medallists 1951–2000"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Copley_Medallists_1951%E2%80%932000" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Copley Medallists 1951–2000"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Copley_Medallists_(1951–2000)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medallists</a> (1951–2000)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Keilin" title="David Keilin">David Keilin</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Kluyver" title="Albert Kluyver">Albert Kluyver</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/E._T._Whittaker" title="E. T. Whittaker">E. T. Whittaker</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Fisher" title="Ronald Fisher">Ronald Fisher</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Patrick Blackett</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Howard Florey</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Edensor_Littlewood" title="John Edensor Littlewood">John Edensor Littlewood</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Macfarlane_Burnet" title="Macfarlane Burnet">Macfarlane Burnet</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harold_Jeffreys" title="Harold Jeffreys">Harold Jeffreys</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Krebs_(biochemist)" title="Hans Krebs (biochemist)">Hans Krebs</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Norman Hinshelwood</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fildes" title="Paul Fildes">Paul Fildes</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Chapman_(mathematician)" title="Sydney Chapman (mathematician)">Sydney Chapman</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Hodgkin" title="Alan Hodgkin">Alan Hodgkin</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Bragg" title="Lawrence Bragg">Lawrence Bragg</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Katz" title="Bernard Katz">Bernard Katz</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Reichstein" title="Tadeusz Reichstein">Tadeusz Reichstein</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Medawar" title="Peter Medawar">Peter Medawar</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander R. Todd">Alexander R. Todd</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Pirie" title="Norman Pirie">Norman Pirie</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Nevill Francis Mott</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._V._D._Hodge" title="W. V. D. Hodge">W. V. D. Hodge</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Crick" title="Francis Crick">Francis Crick</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Sanger" title="Frederick Sanger">Frederick Sanger</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_Woodward" title="Robert Burns Woodward">Robert Burns Woodward</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Max_Perutz" title="Max Perutz">Max Perutz</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Barton" title="Derek Barton">Derek Barton</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_D._Mitchell" title="Peter D. Mitchell">Peter D. Mitchell</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Cornforth</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Robert_Porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodney Robert Porter">Rodney Robert Porter</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Aaron Klug</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Peierls" title="Rudolf Peierls">Rudolf Peierls</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Hill_(biochemist)" title="Robin Hill (biochemist)">Robin Hill</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Michael Atiyah</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Milstein" title="César Milstein">César Milstein</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Brenner" title="Sydney Brenner">Sydney Brenner</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Watson" title="James Watson">James D. Watson</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Charles_Frank" title="Frederick Charles Frank">Frederick Charles Frank</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Fenner" title="Frank Fenner">Frank Fenner</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cottrell" title="Alan Cottrell">Alan Cottrell</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Huxley" title="Hugh Huxley">Hugh Huxley</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Lighthill" title="James Lighthill">James Lighthill</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Maynard_Smith" title="John Maynard Smith">John Maynard Smith</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_R._Battersby" title="Alan R. Battersby">Alan Battersby</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135154#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135154#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135154#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000374873747">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/163574147">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjKrcbVwYXVRGt8KRVQrdP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/139210393">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2003072166">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an60478241">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002159021&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000096158&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1475703">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd139210393.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6bh7rkg">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Cornforth&oldid=1258598744">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Cornforth&oldid=1258598744</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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