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growth</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: root growth"> <meta name="keywords" content="root growth"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="root growth"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 7301</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: root growth</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7301</span> Root Biomass Growth in Different Growth Stages of Wheat and Barley Cultivars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Akman">H. Akman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Topal"> A. Topal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work was conducted in greenhouse conditions in order to investigate root biomass growth of two bread wheat, two durum wheat and two barley cultivars that were grown in irrigated and dry lands, respectively. This work was planned with four replications at a Completely Randomized Block Design in 2011-2012 growing season. In the study, root biomass growth was evaluated at stages of stem elongation, complete of anthesis and full grain maturity. Results showed that there were significant differences between cultivars grown at dry and irrigated lands in all growth stages in terms of root biomass (P < 0.01). According to research results, all of growth stages, dry typed-bread and durum wheats generally had higher root biomass than irrigated typed-cultivars, furthermore that dry typed-barley cultivar, had higher root biomass at GS 31 and GS 69, however lower at GS 92 than Larende. In all cultivars, root biomass increased between GS 31 and GS 69 so that dry typed-cultivars had more root biomass increase than irrigated typed-cultivars. Root biomass of bread wheat increased between GS 69 and GS 92, however root biomass of barley and durum wheat decreased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bread%20and%20durum%20wheat" title="bread and durum wheat">bread and durum wheat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barley" title=" barley"> barley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20biomass" title=" root biomass"> root biomass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=different%20growth%20stage" title=" different growth stage"> different growth stage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20561/root-biomass-growth-in-different-growth-stages-of-wheat-and-barley-cultivars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">605</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7300</span> RACK1 Integrates Light and Brassinosteroid Signaling to Coordinate Cell Division During Root Soil Penetration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liang%20%20Jiansheng">Liang Jiansheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhu%20Wei"> Zhu Wei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Light and brassinosteroids are essential external and internal cues for plant survival. Although the coordination of light with phytohormone signals is crucial for plant growth and development, the molecular connection between light and brassinosteroid signaling during root soil penetration remains elusive. Here, we reveal that light-stabilized RACK1 couples a brassinosteroid signaling cascade to drive cell division in root meristems. RACK1 family scaffold proteins positively regulate light-induced the promotion of root elongation during soil penetration. Under the light condition, RACK1A interacts with both phyB and SPA1, then reinforces the phyB-SPA1 association to accumulate its abundance in roots. In response to brassinosteroid signals, RACK1A competes with BKI1 to attenuate the BRI1-BKI1 interaction, thereby leading to activating BRI1 actions in root development. Furthermore, RACK1A binds to BES1 to repress its DNA binding activity toward the target gene CYCD3;1. This ultimately allows to release the inhibition of CYCD3;1 transcription, and promotes cell division during root growth. Our study illustrates a new mechanistic model of how plants engage scaffold proteins in transducing light information to facilitate brassinosteroid signaling for root growth in the soil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20growth" title="root growth">root growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20division" title=" cell division"> cell division</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20signaling" title=" light signaling"> light signaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brassinosteroid%20signaling" title=" brassinosteroid signaling"> brassinosteroid signaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20penetration" title=" soil penetration"> soil penetration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scaffold%20protein" title=" scaffold protein"> scaffold protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RACK1" title=" RACK1"> RACK1</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171045/rack1-integrates-light-and-brassinosteroid-signaling-to-coordinate-cell-division-during-root-soil-penetration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7299</span> The Effects of Root Zone Supply of Aluminium on Vegetative Growth of 15 Groundnut Cultivars Grown in Solution Culture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mosima%20M.%20Mabitsela">Mosima M. Mabitsela</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Groundnut is preferably grown on light textured soils. Most of these light textured soils tend to be highly weathered and characterized by high soil acidity and low nutrient status. One major soil factor associated with infertility of acidic soils that can negatively depress groundnut yield is aluminium (Al) toxicity. In plants Al toxicity damages root cells, leading to inhibition of root growth as a result of the suppression of cell division, cell elongation and cell expansion in the apical meristem cells of the root. The end result is that roots become stunted and brittle, root hair development is poor, and the root apices become swollen. This study was conducted to determine the effects of aluminium (Al) toxicity on a range of groundnut varieties. Fifteen cultivars were tested in incremental aluminum (Al) supply in an ebb and flow solution culture laid out in a randomized complete block design. There were six aluminium (Al) treatments viz. 0 µM, 1 µM, 5.7 µM, 14.14 µM, 53.18 µM, and 200 µM. At 1 µM there was no inhibitory effect on the growth of groundnut. The inhibition of groundnut growth was noticeable from 5.7 µM to 200 µM, where the severe effect of aluminium (Al) stress was observed at 200 µM. The cultivars varied in their response to aluminium (Al) supply in solution culture. Groundnuts are one of the most important food crops in the world, and its supply is on a decline due to the light-textured soils that they thrive under as these soils are acidic and can easily solubilize aluminium (Al) to its toxic form. Consequently, there is a need to develop groundnut cultivars with high tolerance to soil acidity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium%20toxicity" title="aluminium toxicity">aluminium toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultivars" title=" cultivars"> cultivars</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduction" title=" reduction"> reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20growth" title=" root growth"> root growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102083/the-effects-of-root-zone-supply-of-aluminium-on-vegetative-growth-of-15-groundnut-cultivars-grown-in-solution-culture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7298</span> Effects of Green Walnut Husk and Olive Pomace Extracts on Growth of Tomato Plants and Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasemin%20Kavdir">Yasemin Kavdir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ugur%20Gozel"> Ugur Gozel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was conducted to determine the nematicidal activity of green walnut husk (GWH) and olive pomace (OP) extracts against root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). Aqueous extracts of GWH and OP were mixed with sandy loam soil at the rates of 0, 6,12,18,24, 60 and 120 ml kg-1. All pots were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated four times under controlled atmosphere conditions. Tomato seedlings were grown in sterilized soil then they were transplanted to pots. Inoculation was done by pouring the 20 ml suspension including 1000 M. incognita juvenile pot-1 into 3 cm deep hole made around the base of the plant root. Tomato root and shoot growth and nematode populations have been determined. In general, both GWH and OP extracts resulted in better growth parameters compared to the control plants. However, GWH extract was the most effective in improving growth parameters. Applications of 24 ml kg-1 OP extract enhanced plant growth compared to other OP treatments while 60 ml kg-1 application rate had the lowest nematode number and root galling. In this study, applications of GWH and OP extracts reduced the number of Meloidogyne incognita and root galling compared to control soils. Additionally GWH and OP extracts can be used safely for tomato growth. It could be concluded that OP and GWH extracts used as organic amendments showed promising nematicidal activity in the control of M. incognita. This research was supported by TUBİTAK Grant Number 214O422. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive%20pomace" title="olive pomace">olive pomace</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20walnut%20husk" title=" green walnut husk"> green walnut husk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meloidogyne%20incognita" title=" Meloidogyne incognita"> Meloidogyne incognita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato" title=" tomato"> tomato</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extract" title=" extract"> extract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74902/effects-of-green-walnut-husk-and-olive-pomace-extracts-on-growth-of-tomato-plants-and-root-knot-nematode-meloidogyne-incognita" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7297</span> Standardization of Propagation Techniques for Celastrus paniculata: An Endangered Medicinal Plant of Western Ghats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raviraja%20Shetty%20G.">Raviraja Shetty G.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20G.%20Poojitha"> K. G. Poojitha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture, Mudigere to study the effect of different growth regulators on seed germination and vegetative propagation by cuttings of Celastrus paniculata an endangered medicinal plant. The extracted seeds are subjected to 11 different pre-soaking treatments which include control, GA3 at 300, 350, 400ppm, KNO3 at 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, H2SO4 at 0.5%, 1.0% and HCl 0.5%,1.0% for 100 seeds per treatment. Among the different germination inducing treatments, seeds treated with gibberellins responded well with high seed germination and vigorous seedling growth. The seeds treated with GA3 400 ppm recorded maximum germination and growth parameters like rate of germination, shoot length, root length, plant vigour, fresh and dry weight of which was followed GA3 350 ppm. The commencement of germination and 50 per cent germination was also earlier in the same treatment. The cuttings of C. paniculata took more time for root initiation up to four months and sprouting percent was moderate as compared to other easy to root species. Among different treatments, IBA 2000 ppm was found to be the best, which recorded the maximum shoot and also root parameters. The results of present investigation will be helpful for conservation of this endangered medicinal plant through propagation <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conservation" title="conservation">conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germination" title=" germination"> germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=germination" title=" germination"> germination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagation" title=" propagation"> propagation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30819/standardization-of-propagation-techniques-for-celastrus-paniculata-an-endangered-medicinal-plant-of-western-ghats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30819.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">430</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7296</span> Allelopathic Effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. gomphocephala on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Barley</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sallah%20S.%20El-Ammari">Sallah S. El-Ammari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona.%20S.%20Hasan"> Mona. S. Hasan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research is aimed to study allelopathic effects of two wind breakers Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E.gomphocephala on germination and growth of barley using aqueous extracts of leaves at 0.5, 1, 5, and 10% concentrations for treatment of barley caryopsis in petri dishes incubated in growth chamber. Distilled water was used in the experiment as a control. Seed germination was recorded on daily basis for five days. After ten days measurements of root length, shoot length, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot were taken. With the exception of 0.5% E. gomphocephala extract effect on length and dry weight of barley root, all the tested extract concentrations for both eucalyptus species significantly decreased the percent and speed of germination, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of root and shoot of barley compared to the control. For both species the allelopathic effect was significantly increasing with the increase of the extract concentration. Although, higher allelopathic effect was shown by E. camaldulensis, the results indicating that both eucalyptus species should not be recommended as wind breakers for barley fields. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allelopathy" title="allelopathy">allelopathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eucalyptus" title=" eucalyptus"> eucalyptus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barley" title=" barley"> barley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Libya" title=" Libya"> Libya</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35602/allelopathic-effects-of-eucalyptus-camaldulensis-and-e-gomphocephala-on-seed-germination-and-seedling-growth-of-barley" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7295</span> Biocontrol of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot and Enhancement of Tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. Growth Using Solanum linnaeanum L. Extracts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahlem%20Nefzi">Ahlem Nefzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rania%20Aydi%20Ben%20Abdallah"> Rania Aydi Ben Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayfa%20Jabnoun-Khiareddine"> Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nawaim%20Ammar"> Nawaim Ammar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sined%20Medimagh-Saidana"> Sined Medimagh-Saidana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mejda%20Daami-Remadi"> Mejda Daami-Remadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, leaf, stem, and fruit aqueous extracts of native wild Solanum linnaeanum L. were screened for their ability to suppress Fusarium Crown and Root Rot disease and to enhance tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth under greenhouse conditions. Leaf extract used at 30% w/v was the most effective in reducing leaf and root damage index by 92.3% and the extent of vascular discoloration by 97.56% compared to Fusarium oxyxporum f. sp radicis lycopersici -inoculated and untreated control. A significant promotion of growth parameters (root length, shoot height, root and shoot biomass and stem diameter) was recorded on tomato cv. Rio Grande seedlings by 40.3-94.1% as compared to FORL inoculated control and by 9.6-88.8% over pathogen-free control. All S. linnaeanum aqueous extracts tested significantly stimulated the germination by 10.2 to 80.1% relative to the untreated control. FORL mycelial growth, assessed using the poisoned food technique, varied depending on plant organs, extracts, and concentrations used. Butanolic extracts were the most active, leading to 60.81% decrease in FORL mycelial growth. HPLC analysis of butanolic extract revealed the presence of thirteen phenolic compounds. Thus, S. linnaeanum can be explored as a potential natural source of antifungal and biofertilizing compounds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal%20activity" title="antifungal activity">antifungal activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPLC-MS%20analysis" title=" HPLC-MS analysis"> HPLC-MS analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fusarium%20oxysporum%20f.%20sp.%20radicis-lycopersici" title=" Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici"> Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato%20growth" title=" tomato growth"> tomato growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90546/biocontrol-of-fusarium-crown-and-root-rot-and-enhancement-of-tomato-solanum-lycopersicum-l-growth-using-solanum-linnaeanum-l-extracts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90546.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7294</span> Interactive of Calcium, Potassium, and Dynamic Unequal Salt Distribution on the Growth of Tomato in Hydroponic System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Koushafar">Mohammad Koushafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Hossein%20Khoshgoftarmanesh"> Amir Hossein Khoshgoftarmanesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to water shortage, application of saline water for irrigation is an urgent requirement in agriculture. Thus, this study, the effect of calcium and potassium application as additive in saline root media for reduce salinity adverse effects was investigated on tomato growth in a hydroponic system with unequal distribution of salts in the root media, which was divided into two equal parts containing full Johnson nutrient solution and 40 mM NaCl solution, alone or in combination with KCl (6 mM), CaCl2 (4 mM), K+Ca (3+2 mM) or half-strength Johnson nutrient solution. The root splits were exchanged every 7 days. Results showed that addition of calcium, calcium-potassium and nutrition elements equivalent to half the concentration of Johnson formula to the saline-half of culture media minimized the reduction in plant growth caused by NaCl, although the addition of potassium to culture media was not effective. The greatest concentration of sodium was observed at the shoot of treatments which had the smallest growth. According to the results of this study, in the case of dynamic and non-uniform distribution of salts in the root media, by the addition of additive to the saline solution, it would be possible to use of saline water with no significant growth reduction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium" title="calcium">calcium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroponic" title=" hydroponic"> hydroponic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20salinity" title=" local salinity"> local salinity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potassium" title=" potassium"> potassium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salin%20water" title=" salin water"> salin water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato" title=" tomato"> tomato</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16048/interactive-of-calcium-potassium-and-dynamic-unequal-salt-distribution-on-the-growth-of-tomato-in-hydroponic-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16048.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">443</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7293</span> Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Allium Hookeri Root and Processed Sulfur on the Growth Performance of Guinea Pigs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nayeon">Nayeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee"> Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Won-Young"> Won-Young</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cho"> Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun%20Joo"> Hyun Joo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jang"> Jang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi-Ho"> Chi-Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee"> Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the effects of the dietary supplementation of the <em>Allium hookeri </em>root, and processed sulfur, on the growth performance of guinea pigs. The guinea pigs were fed a control diet (CON), as well as the control diet including 1% freeze-dried <em>Allium hookeri </em>root (AH), or 0.1% processed sulfur (S), or including both the freeze-dried <em>Allium hookeri </em>root and the processed sulfur (AHS). The weight of perirenal adipose tissue (PAT) and the epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) in the AH were significantly lower than CON (p < 0.05). The serum cholesterols levels of the AH and the AHS were significantly lower than the S (p < 0.05). While the total saturated fatty acid content in the serum of the AH and AHS groups showed a tendency to decrease, the total monounsaturated fatty acid increased. The results of this study suggested that dietary consumption of <em>Allium hookeri</em> root may help to decrease fat accumulation, lower serum cholesterol levels, and control serum free fatty acid contents in the guinea pigs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Allium%20hookeri" title="Allium hookeri">Allium hookeri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dietary%20supplementation" title=" dietary supplementation"> dietary supplementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth%20performance" title=" growth performance"> growth performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=processed%20sulfur" title=" processed sulfur"> processed sulfur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guinea%20pig" title=" Guinea pig"> Guinea pig</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77113/effect-of-dietary-supplementation-of-allium-hookeri-root-and-processed-sulfur-on-the-growth-performance-of-guinea-pigs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7292</span> Biocontrol Potential of Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria against Root Rot of Chili and Enhancement of Plant Growth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiran%20Nawaz">Kiran Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waheed%20Anwar"> Waheed Anwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sehrish%20Iftikhar"> Sehrish Iftikhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nasir%20Subhani"> Muhammad Nasir Subhani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Ali%20Shahid"> Ahmad Ali Shahid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been extensively studied and applied for the biocontrol of many soilborne diseases. These rhizobacteria are very efficient against root rot and many other foliar diseases associated with solanaceous plants. These bacteria may inhibit the growth of various pathogens through direct inhibition of target pathogens or indirectly by the initiation of systemic resistance (ISR) which is active all over the complete plant. In the present study, 20 different rhizobacterial isolates were recovered from the root zone of healthy chili plants. All soil samples were collected from various chili-growing areas in Punjab. All isolated rhizobacteria species were evaluated in vitro and in vivo against Phytophthora capsici. Different species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas were tested for the antifungal activity against P. capsici the causal organism of Root rot disease in different crops together with chili. Dual culture and distance culture bioassay were carried out to study the antifungal potential of volatile and diffusible metabolites secreted from rhizobacteria. After seven days of incubation at 22°C, growth inhibition rate was recorded. Growth inhibition rate depended greatly on the tested bacteria and screening methods used. For diffusible metabolites, inhibition rate was 35-62% and 20-45% for volatile metabolites. The screening assay for plant growth promoting and disease inhibition potential of chili associated PGPR indicated 42-100% reduction in disease severity and considerable enhancement in roots fresh weight by 55-87%, aerial parts fresh weight by 35-65% and plant height by 65-76% as compared to untreated control and pathogen-inoculated plants. Pseudomonas flourescene, B. thuringiensis, and B. subtilis were found to be the most efficient isolates in inhibiting P. capsici radial growth, increase plant growth and suppress disease severity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhizobacteria" title="rhizobacteria">rhizobacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chili" title=" chili"> chili</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytophthora" title=" phytophthora"> phytophthora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20rot" title=" root rot"> root rot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66513/biocontrol-potential-of-growth-promoting-rhizobacteria-against-root-rot-of-chili-and-enhancement-of-plant-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66513.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7291</span> Effect of Poultry Manure and Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium (15:15:15) Soil Amendment on Growth and Yield of Carrot (Daucus carota)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Osae%20Agyei">Benjamin Osae Agyei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hypolite%20Bayor"> Hypolite Bayor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This present experiment was carried out during the 2012 cropping season, at the Farming for the Future Experimental Field of the University for Development Studies, Nyankpala Campus in the Northern Region of Ghana. The objective of the experiment was to determine the carrot growth and yield responses to poultry manure and N.P.K (15:15:15). Six treatments (Control (no amendment), 20 t/ha poultry manure (PM), 40 t/ha PM, 70 t/ha PM, 35 t/ha PM + 0.11t/ha N.P.K and 0.23 t/ha N.P.K) with three replications for each were laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves per plant, canopy spread, root diameter, root weight, and root length. Microsoft Excel and Genstat Statistical Package (9<sup>th</sup> edition) were used for the data analysis. The treatment means were compared by using Least Significant Difference at 10%. Generally, the results showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.1) among the treatments with respect to number of leaves per plant, root diameter, root weight, and root length. However, significant differences occurred among plant heights and canopy spreads. Plant height treated with 40 t/ha PM at the fourth week after planting and canopy spread at eight weeks after planting and ten weeks after planting by 70 t/ha PM and 20 t/ha PM respectively showed significant difference (P<0.1). The study recommended that any of the amended treatments can be applied at their recommended rates to plots for carrot production, since there were no significant differences among the treatments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poultry%20manure" title="poultry manure">poultry manure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.P.K." title=" N.P.K."> N.P.K.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20amendment" title=" soil amendment"> soil amendment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yield" title=" yield"> yield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrot" title=" carrot"> carrot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58880/effect-of-poultry-manure-and-nitrogen-phosphorus-and-potassium-151515-soil-amendment-on-growth-and-yield-of-carrot-daucus-carota" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58880.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">471</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7290</span> Influence of Magnetic Bio-Stimulation Effects on Pre-Sown Hybrid Sunflower Seeds Germination, Growth, and on the Percentage of Antioxidant Activities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nighat%20Zia-ud-Den">Nighat Zia-ud-Den</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shazia%20Anwer%20Bukhari"> Shazia Anwer Bukhari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present study, sunflower seeds were exposed to magnetic bio-stimulation at different milli Tesla, and their effects were studied. The present study addressed to establish the effectiveness of magnetic bio-stimulation on seed germination, growth, and other dynamics of crop growth. The changes in physiological characters, i.e. the growth parameters of seedlings (biomass, root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight of root shoot leaf and fruit, leaf area, the height of plants, number of leaves, and number of fruits per plant) and antioxidant activities were measured. The parameters related to germination and growth were measured under controlled conditions while they changed significantly compared with that of the control. These changes suggested that magnetic seed stimulator enhanced the inner energy of seeds, which contributed to the acceleration of the growth and development of seedlings. Moreover, pretreatment with a magnetic field was found to be a positive impact on sunflower seeds germination, growth, and other biochemical parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunflower%20seeds" title="sunflower seeds">sunflower seeds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20priming%20method" title=" physical priming method"> physical priming method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20parameters" title=" biochemical parameters"> biochemical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20activities" title=" antioxidant activities"> antioxidant activities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131972/influence-of-magnetic-bio-stimulation-effects-on-pre-sown-hybrid-sunflower-seeds-germination-growth-and-on-the-percentage-of-antioxidant-activities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131972.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">163</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7289</span> Screening and Evaluation of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria of Wheat/Faba Bean for Increasing Productivity and Yield</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasir%20Arafat">Yasir Arafat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Shah"> Asma Shah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hua%20Shao"> Hua Shao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and Aims: Legume/cereal intercropping is used worldwide for enhancement in biomass and yield of cereal crops. However, because of intercropping, the belowground biological and chemical interactions and their effect on physiological parameters and yield of crops are limited. Methods: Wheat faba bean (WF) intercropping was designed to understand the underlying changes in the soil's chemical environment, soil microbial communities, and effect on growth and yield parameters. Experimental plots were established as having no root partition (NRP), semi-root partition (SRP), complete root partition (CRP), and their sole cropping (CK). Low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) were determined by GC-MS, and high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was carried out to screen microbial structure and composition in different root partitions of the WF intercropping system. Results: We show that intercropping induced a shift in the relative abundance of some genera of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) such as Allorhizobium, Neorhizobium, Pararhizobium, and Rhizobium species and resulted in better growth and yield performance of wheat. Moreover, as the plant's distance of wheat from faba beans decreased, the diversity of microbes increased, and a positive effect was observed on physiological traits and crop yield. Furthermore, an abundance and positive correlations of palmitic acid, arachidic acid, stearic acid, and 9-Octadecenoic with PGPR were recorded in the root zone of WF intercropping, which can play an important role in this facilitative mechanism of enhancing growth and yield of cereals. Conclusion: The two treatments clearly affected soil microbial and chemical composition, which can be reflected in growth and yield enhancement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intercropping" title="intercropping">intercropping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20community" title=" microbial community"> microbial community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LMWOAs" title=" LMWOAs"> LMWOAs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PGPR" title=" PGPR"> PGPR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20chemical%20environment" title=" soil chemical environment"> soil chemical environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179034/screening-and-evaluation-of-plant-growth-promoting-rhizobacteria-of-wheatfaba-bean-for-increasing-productivity-and-yield" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7288</span> Electricity Consumption and Economic Growth: The Case of Mexico</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mario%20G%C3%B3mez">Mario Gómez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jos%C3%A9%20Carlos%20Rodr%C3%ADguez"> José Carlos Rodríguez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth has been an important issue in the economic literature. This paper studies the causal relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in Mexico for the period of 1971-2011. In so doing, unit root tests and causality test are applied. The results show that the series are stationary in levels and that there is causality running from economic growth to energy consumption. The energy conservation policies have little or no impact on economic growth in México. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causality" title="causality">causality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mexico" title=" Mexico"> Mexico</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27583/electricity-consumption-and-economic-growth-the-case-of-mexico" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">858</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7287</span> Growth of Albizia in vitro: Endophytic Fungi as Plant Growth Promote of Albizia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reine%20Suci%20Wulandari">Reine Suci Wulandari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosa%20Suryantini"> Rosa Suryantini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Albizia (Paraserianthes falcataria) is a woody plant species that has a high economic value and multifunctional. Albizia is important timber, medicinal plants and can also be used as a plant to rehabilitate critical lands. The demand value of Albizia is increased so that the large quantities and high quality of seeds are required. In vitro propagation techniques are seed propagation that can produce more seeds and quality in a short time. In vitro cultures require growth regulators that can be obtained from biological agents such as endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi are micro fungi that colonize live plant tissue without producing symptoms or other negative effects on host plants and increase plant growth. The purposes of this research were to isolate and identify endophytic fungi isolated from the root of Albizia and to study the effect of endophytic fungus on the growth of Albizia in vitro. The methods were root isolation, endophytic fungal identification, and inoculation of endophytic fungi to Albizia plants in vitro. Endophytic fungus isolates were grown on PDA media before being inoculated with Albizia sprouts. Incubation is done for 4 (four) weeks. The observed growth parameters were live explant percentage, percentage of explant shoot, and percentage of explant rooted. The results of the research showed that 6 (six) endophytic fungal isolates obtained from the root of Albizia, namely Aspergillus sp., Verticillium sp, Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp., Fusarium sp., and Acremonium sp. Statistical analysis found that Trichoderma sp. and Fusarium sp. affect in vitro growth of Albizia. Endophytic fungi from the results of this research were potential as plant growth promoting. It can be applied to increase productivity either through increased plant growth and increased endurance of Albizia seedlings to pests and diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Albizia" title="Albizia">Albizia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20fungi" title=" endophytic fungi"> endophytic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=propagation" title=" propagation"> propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20vitro" title=" in vitro"> in vitro</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74725/growth-of-albizia-in-vitro-endophytic-fungi-as-plant-growth-promote-of-albizia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74725.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">263</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7286</span> Iron Influx, Its Root-Shoot Relations and Utilization Efficiency in Wheat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Malik%20Dawlatzai">Abdul Malik Dawlatzai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shafiqullah%20Rahmani"> Shafiqullah Rahmani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plant cultivars of the same species differ in their Fe efficiency. This paper studied the Fe influx and root-shoot relations of Fe at different growth stages in wheat. The four wheat cultivars (HD 2967, PDW 233, PBW 550 and PDW 291) were grown in pots in Badam Bagh agricultural researching farm, Kabul under two Fe treatments: (i) 0 mg Fe kg⁻¹ soil (soil with 2.7 mg kg⁻¹ of DTPA-extractable Fe) and (ii) 50 mg Fe kg⁻¹ soil. Root length (RL), shoot dry matter (SDM), Fe uptake, and soil parameters were measured at tillering and anthesis. Application of Fe significantly increased RL, root surface area, SDM, and Fe uptake in all wheat cultivars. Under Fe deficiency, wheat cv. HD 2967 produced 90% of its maximum RL and 75% of its maximum SDM. However, PDW 233 produced only 69% and 60%, respectively. Wheat cultivars HD 2967, and PDW 233 exhibited the highest and lowest value of root surface area and Fe uptake, respectively. The concentration difference in soil solution Fe between bulk soil and root surface (ΔCL) was maximum in wheat cultivar HD 2967, followed by PBW 550, PDW 291, and PDW 233. More depletion at the root surface causes steeper concentration gradients, which result in a high influx and transport of Fe towards root. Fe influx in all the wheat cultivars increased with the Fe application, but the increase was maximum, i.e., 4 times in HD 2967 and minimum, i.e., 2.8 times in PDW 233. It can be concluded that wheat cultivars HD 2967 and PBW 550 efficiently utilized Fe as compared to other cultivars. Additionally, iron efficiency of wheat cultivars depends upon uptake of each root segment, i.e., the influx, which in turn depends on depletion of Fe in the rhizosphere during vegetative phase and higher utilization efficiency of acquired Fe during reproductive phase that governs the ultimate grain yield. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe%20efficiency" title="Fe efficiency">Fe efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe%20influx" title=" Fe influx"> Fe influx</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fe%20uptake" title=" Fe uptake"> Fe uptake</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhizosphere" title=" Rhizosphere"> Rhizosphere</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128052/iron-influx-its-root-shoot-relations-and-utilization-efficiency-in-wheat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7285</span> Endophytic Fungi Recovered from Lycium arabicum as an Eco-Friendly Alternative for Fusarium Crown and Root Rot Disease Control and Tomato Growth Enhancement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahlem%20Nefzi">Ahlem Nefzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rania%20Aydi%20Ben%20Abdallah"> Rania Aydi Ben Abdallah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayfa%20Jabnoun-Khiareddine"> Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Nawaim"> Ammar Nawaim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabiaa%20Haouala"> Rabiaa Haouala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mejda%20Daami-Remadi"> Mejda Daami-Remadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Seven endophytic fungi were isolated from the wild Solanaceous species Lycium arabicum growing in the Tunisian Centre-East and were assessed for their ability to suppress Fusarium Crown and Root Rot disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis lycopersici (FORL) and to enhance plant growth. Fungal isolates were shown able to colonize tomato cv. Rio Grande roots, crowns, and stems. A significant promotion in all studied growth parameters (root length, shoot height, and roots and shoots fresh weight) was recorded in tomato plants treated with fungal conidial suspensions or their cell-free culture filtrates compared to FORL-inoculated or pathogen-free controls. I15 and I18 isolates were shown to be the most effective leading to 85.7-87.5 and 93.6-98.4% decrease in leaf and root damage index and the vascular discoloration extent, respectively, over FORL-inoculated and untreated control. These two bioactive and growth-promoting isolates (I15 and I18) were morphologically characterized and identified using rDNA sequencing gene as being Alternaria alternata (MF693801) and Fusarium fujikuroi (MF693802). These fungi significantly suppressed FORL mycelial growth and showed chitinolytic, proteolytic and amylase activities whereas only F. fujikuroi displayed a lipolytic activity. This study clearly demonstrated the potential use of fungi naturally associated with L. arabicum as biocontrol and bio-fertilizing agents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocontrol" title="biocontrol">biocontrol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endophytic%20fungi" title=" endophytic fungi"> endophytic fungi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fusarium%20oxysporum%20f.%20sp.%20radicis-lycopersici" title=" Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici"> Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomato%20promotion" title=" tomato promotion"> tomato promotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lycium%20arabicum" title=" Lycium arabicum"> Lycium arabicum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90549/endophytic-fungi-recovered-from-lycium-arabicum-as-an-eco-friendly-alternative-for-fusarium-crown-and-root-rot-disease-control-and-tomato-growth-enhancement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7284</span> Evaluation of the Role of Bacteria-Derived Flavins as Plant Growth Promoting Molecules</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nivethika%20Ajeethan">Nivethika Ajeethan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lord%20Abbey"> Lord Abbey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Yurge"> Svetlana Yurge</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Riboflavin is a water-soluble vitamin and the direct precursor of the flavin cofactors flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide. Flavins (FLs) are bioactive molecules that have a beneficial effect on plant growth and development. Sinorhizobium meliloti strain 1021 is an α-proteobacterium that forms agronomically important N₂-fixing symbiosis with Medicago plants and secretes a considerable amount of FLs (FL⁺ strain). This strain was also implicated in plant growth promotion in its association with non-legume host plants. However, the mechanism of this plant growth promotion is not well understood. In this study, we evaluated the growth and development of tomato plants inoculated with S. meliloti 1021 and its mutant (FL⁻ strain) with limited ability to secrete FLs. Our preliminary experiments indicated that inoculation with FL⁺ strain significantly increased seedlings' root and shoot length and surface area compared to those of plants inoculated with FL⁻ strain. For example, the root lengths of 9-day old seedlings inoculated with FL⁺ strain were 35% longer than seedlings inoculated with the mutant. Proteomic approaches combined with the analysis of plant physiological responses such as growth and photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and chlorophyll content will be used to evaluate the host-plant response to bacteria-derived FLs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flavin" title="flavin">flavin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20growth%20promotion" title=" plant growth promotion"> plant growth promotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=riboflavin" title=" riboflavin"> riboflavin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sinorhizobium%20meliloti" title=" Sinorhizobium meliloti"> Sinorhizobium meliloti</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135412/evaluation-of-the-role-of-bacteria-derived-flavins-as-plant-growth-promoting-molecules" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7283</span> Optimization of Tooth Root Profile and Drive Side Pressure Angle to Minimize Bending Stress at Root of Asymmetric Spur Gear Tooth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priyakant%20Vaghela">Priyakant Vaghela</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagdish%20Prajapati"> Jagdish Prajapati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bending stress at the root of the gear tooth is the very important criteria in gear design and it should be kept the minimum. Minimization of bending stress at the root of the gear tooth is a recent demand from industry. This paper presents an innovative approach to obtain minimum bending stress at the root of a tooth by optimizing tooth root profile and drive side pressure angle. Circular-filleted at the root of the tooth is widely used in the design. Circular fillet creates discontinuity at the root of the tooth. So, at root stress concentration occurs. In order to minimize stress concentration, an important criterion is a G2 continuity at the blending of the gear tooth. A Bezier curve is used with G2 continuity at the root of asymmetric spur gear tooth. The comparison has been done between normal and modified tooth using ANSYS simulation. Tooth root profile and drive side pressure angle are optimized to minimize bending stress at the root of the tooth of the asymmetric involute spur gear. Von Mises stress of optimized profile is analyzed and compared with normal profile symmetric gear. Von Mises stress is reducing by 31.27% by optimization of drive side pressure angle and root profile. Stress concentration of modified gear was significantly reduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetric%20spur%20gear%20tooth" title="asymmetric spur gear tooth">asymmetric spur gear tooth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G2%20continuity" title=" G2 continuity"> G2 continuity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20angle" title=" pressure angle"> pressure angle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20concentration%20at%20the%20root%20of%20tooth" title=" stress concentration at the root of tooth"> stress concentration at the root of tooth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tooth%20root%20stress" title=" tooth root stress"> tooth root stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95043/optimization-of-tooth-root-profile-and-drive-side-pressure-angle-to-minimize-bending-stress-at-root-of-asymmetric-spur-gear-tooth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95043.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">186</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7282</span> Unit Root Tests Based On the Robust Estimator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wararit%20Panichkitkosolkul">Wararit Panichkitkosolkul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p class="Abstract" style="text-indent:10.2pt">The unit root tests based on the robust estimator for the first-order autoregressive process are proposed and compared with the unit root tests based on the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator. The percentiles of the null distributions of the unit root test are also reported. The empirical probabilities of Type I error and powers of the unit root tests are estimated via Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation results show that all unit root tests can control the probability of Type I error for all situations. The empirical power of the unit root tests based on the robust estimator are higher than the unit root tests based on the OLS estimator.<o:p></o:p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autoregressive" title="autoregressive">autoregressive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordinary%20least%20squares" title=" ordinary least squares"> ordinary least squares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=type%20i%20error" title=" type i error"> type i error</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20of%20the%20test" title=" power of the test"> power of the test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20simulation" title=" Monte Carlo simulation"> Monte Carlo simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3693/unit-root-tests-based-on-the-robust-estimator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3693.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7281</span> Shift in the Rhizosphere Soil Fungal Community Associated with Root Rot Infection of Plukenetia Volubilis Linneo Caused by Fusarium and Rhizopus Species</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Constantine%20Uwaremwe">Constantine Uwaremwe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wenjie%20Bao"> Wenjie Bao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bachir%20Goudia%20Daoura"> Bachir Goudia Daoura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandhya%20Mishra"> Sandhya Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xianxian%20Zhang"> Xianxian Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingjie%20Shen"> Lingjie Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shangwen%20Xia"> Shangwen Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaodong%20Yang"> Xiaodong Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Plukenetia volubilis Linneo is an oleaginous plant belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. Due to its seeds containing a high content of edible oil and rich in vitamins, P. volubilis is cultivated as an economical plant worldwide. However, the cultivation and growth of P. volubilis is challenged by phytopathogen invasion leading to production loss. Methods: In the current study, we tested the pathogenicity of fungal pathogens isolated from root rot infected P. volubilis plant tissues by inoculating them into healthy P. volubilis seedlings. Metagenomic sequencing was used to assess the shift in the fungal community of P. volubilis rhizosphere soil after root rot infection. Results: Four Fusarium isolates and two Rhizopus isolates were found to be root rot causative agents of P. volubilis as they induced typical root rot symptoms in healthy seedlings. The metagenomic sequencing data showed that root rot infection altered the rhizosphere fungal community. In root rot infected soil, the richness and diversity indices increased or decreased depending on pathogens. The four most abundant phyla across all samples were Ascomycota, Glomeromycota, Basidiomycota, and Mortierellomycota. In infected soil, the relative abundance of each phylum increased or decreased depending on the pathogen and functional taxonomic classification. Conclusions: Based on our results, we concluded that Fusarium and Rhizopus species cause root rot infection of P. volubilis. In root rot infected P. volubilis, the shift in the rhizosphere fungal community was pathogen-dependent. These findings may serve as a key point for a future study on the biocontrol of root rot of P. volubilis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fusarium%20spp." title="fusarium spp.">fusarium spp.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plukenetia%20volubilis%20l." title=" plukenetia volubilis l."> plukenetia volubilis l.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhizopus%20spp." title=" rhizopus spp."> rhizopus spp.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhizosphere%20fungal%20community" title=" rhizosphere fungal community"> rhizosphere fungal community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20rot" title=" root rot"> root rot</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187906/shift-in-the-rhizosphere-soil-fungal-community-associated-with-root-rot-infection-of-plukenetia-volubilis-linneo-caused-by-fusarium-and-rhizopus-species" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">41</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7280</span> Effect of Different Arsenic Treatments on Root Growth of Sunflower Seedlings in Rhizobox Experiment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Szilvia%20V%C3%A1rallyay">Szilvia Várallyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B%C3%A9la%20Kov%C3%A1cs"> Béla Kovács</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%89va%20B%C3%B3di"> Éva Bódi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzeneh%20Garousi"> Farzeneh Garousi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Szilvia%20Veres"> Szilvia Veres</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Arsenic (As) is a naturally occurring substance that can be present in soil, water and air. Vegetables, fruits, and other plants that grow in contaminated soils which are able to accumulate arsenic. Arsenic when presents in plant cells, has various negative physiological effects and when presents in soil will be inorgaic form, namely arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)). These two forms of arsenic disrupt plant metabolism by inhibiting its growth and these arsenic species has negative effect on nutrient uptake. A rhizobox experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of arsenite and arsenate on root growth of sunflower seedlings. Sunflower plants were grown in climatic room under irradiance of 300 µmol m-2 s-1, 16-h day and 8-h night photoperiod, day/night temperature of 25/20°C and relative humidity of 65-75%. We applied arsenic in form of arsenite (NaAsO2) and arsenate (KH2AsO4), respectively. The applied arsenic treatments was 0, 10, 30, 90 mg.kg-1. After disinfection, seeds were germinated between moist filter papers. Seedlings with 2-3 cm coleoptils were placed into rhizoboxes. In the rhizoboxes the growing and daily growing rhythm of roots of sunflower can be followed up, moreover possible phytotoxic symptoms of roots resulting from increasing arsenic can be seen. Weights of rhizoboxes were measured daily and also evaporated water added each day. The lengths of roots were measured daily until seedlings roots get at the end of the rhizoboxes. Negative correlation was observed between the higher concentration of arsenic in the soil and the growth of sunflower seedlings roots. The effect of arsenic toxicity was more considerable in 90 mg.kg-1 arsenic treatment than lower concentration. The same arsenite concentration causes slower growth in case of sunflower plant than the same arsenate concentration produced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arsenic" title="arsenic">arsenic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhizobox%20experiment" title=" rhizobox experiment"> rhizobox experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sunflower" title=" sunflower"> sunflower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20growth" title=" root growth"> root growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27302/effect-of-different-arsenic-treatments-on-root-growth-of-sunflower-seedlings-in-rhizobox-experiment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27302.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7279</span> In vitro Assessment of Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea) Seedlings Growth and Proline Production under Salt Stress</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amir%20Wahid">Amir Wahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazal%20Hadi"> Fazal Hadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Ullah%20Jan"> Amin Ullah Jan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tomato and Cauliflower seedlings were grown in-vitro under salt concentrations (0, 2, 4, 8, and 10 dSm-1) with objectives to investigate; (1) The effect of salinity on seedling growth and free proline production, (2) the correlation between seedling growth and proline contents, (3) comparative salt tolerance of both species. Different concentrations of salt showed considerable effect on percent (%) germination of seeds, length and biomass of shoot and root and also showed effect on percent water content of both plants seedlings. Germination rate in cauliflower was two times higher than tomato even at highest salt concentration (10 dSm-1). Seedling growth of both species was less effected at low salt concentrations (2 and 4 dSm-1) but at high concentrations (6 and 8 dSm-1) the seedling growth of both species was significantly decreased. Particularly the tomato root was highly significantly reduced. The proline level linearly increased in both species with increasing salt concentrations up-to 4 dSm-1 and then declined. The cauliflower showed higher free proline level than tomato under all salt treatments. Overall, the cauliflower seedlings showed better growth response along with higher proline contents on comparison with tomato seedlings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NaCl%20%28Sodium%20Chloride%29" title="NaCl (Sodium Chloride)">NaCl (Sodium Chloride)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EC%20%28Electrical%20Conductivity%29" title=" EC (Electrical Conductivity)"> EC (Electrical Conductivity)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MS%20%28Murashig%20and%20Skoog%29" title=" MS (Murashig and Skoog)"> MS (Murashig and Skoog)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA%20%28Analysis%20of%20Variance%29" title=" ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)"> ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LSD%20%28Least%20Significant%20Differences%29" title=" LSD (Least Significant Differences)"> LSD (Least Significant Differences)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16523/in-vitro-assessment-of-tomato-lycopersicon-esculentum-and-cauliflower-brassica-oleracea-seedlings-growth-and-proline-production-under-salt-stress" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16523.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">556</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7278</span> The Effects of Copper and Cadmium on Germination and Seedling Growth of Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) Seeds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Handan%20Ucun%20%C3%96zel">Handan Ucun Özel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halil%20Bar%C4%B1%C5%9F%20%C3%96zel"> Halil Barış Özel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The toxic effects of copper and cadmium on seed germination, seedling, root, shoot length, and seedling dry biomass of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) was evaluated under laboratory conditions compared to control values. Copper and cadmium treatments at 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/l affect seed germination and seedling growth of oriental beech as compared to control. Copper treatments at 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/l concentrations produced significant (p < 0.01) effects on seed germination and seedling length of oriental beech while copper treatment at 150 mg/l significantly affected root growth and seedling dry biomass as compared to control. Similarly, cadmium treatments from 50 to 200 mg/l affected the seed germination, root, shoot length, and seedling dry biomass of oriental beech as compared to control. Cadmium treatments showed an adverse effect on seedlings of oriental beech as compared to copper, copper and cadmium treatments at 200mg/l exhibited the lowest percentage of tolerance in seedlings of oriental beech as compared to control. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper" title="copper">copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium" title=" cadmium"> cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oriental%20beech" title=" oriental beech"> oriental beech</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13800/the-effects-of-copper-and-cadmium-on-germination-and-seedling-growth-of-oriental-beech-fagus-orientalis-lipsky-seeds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13800.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7277</span> Stock Market Development and the Growth of Nigerian Economy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Godwin%20Chigozie%20Okpara">Godwin Chigozie Okpara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eugene%20Iheanacho"> Eugene Iheanacho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper examined the dynamic behavior of stock market development and the growth of Nigerian economy. The variables; market capitalization ratio, turnover ratio and liquidity proxies by the ratio of market capitalization to gross domestic product were sourced and computed from the Nigerian stock exchange fact books and the CBN statistical bulletin of the Central Bank of Nigeria. The variables were tested and found stationary and cointregrated using the augumented Dickey Fuller unit root test and the Johnson cointegration test respectively. The dynamic behavior of the stock market development model was verified using the error correction model. The result shows that about 0.4l percent of the short run deviation is corrected every year and also reveals that market capitalization ratio and market liquidity are positive and significant function of economic growth. In other words market capitalization ratio and liquidity positively and significantly impact economic growth. Market development variables such as turnover ratio and market restriction can exert positive but insignificant impact on the growth of the economy suggesting that securities transaction relative to the size of the securities market are not high enough to significantly engender economic growth in Nigeria. In the light of this, the researchers recommend that the regulatory body as well as the government, should provide a conducive environment capable of encouraging the growth and development of the stock market. This if well articulated will enhance the market turnover and the growth of the economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20capitalization%20ratio" title="market capitalization ratio">market capitalization ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turnover%20ratio" title=" turnover ratio"> turnover ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquidity" title=" liquidity"> liquidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unit%20root%20test" title=" unit root test"> unit root test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cointegration" title=" cointegration"> cointegration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52846/stock-market-development-and-the-growth-of-nigerian-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52846.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7276</span> Push-Out Bond Strength of Two Root-End Filling Materials in Root-End Cavities Prepared by Er,Cr: YSGG Laser or Ultrasonic Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noushin%20Shokouhinejad">Noushin Shokouhinejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasan%20Razmi"> Hasan Razmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Fekrazad"> Reza Fekrazad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Asgary"> Saeed Asgary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Neshati"> Ammar Neshati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Assadian"> Hadi Assadian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanam%20Kheirieh"> Sanam Kheirieh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study compared the push-out bond strength of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and a new endodontic cement (NEC) as root-end filling materials in root-end cavities prepared by ultrasonic technique (US) or Er,Cr:YSGG laser (L). Eighty single-rooted extracted human teeth were endodontically treated, apicectomised and randomly divided into four following groups (n = 20): US/MTA, US/NEC, L/MTA and L/NEC. In US/MTA and US/NEC groups, rooted cavities were prepared with ultrasonic retrotip and filled with MTA and NEC, respectively. In L/MTA and L/NEC groups, root-end cavities were prepared using Er, Cr:YSGG laser and filled with MTA and NEC, respectively. Each root was cut apically to create a 2 mm-thick root slice for measurement of bond strength using a universal testing machine. Then, all slices were examined to determine the mode of bond failure. Data were analysed using two-way ANOVA. Root-end filling materials showed significantly higher bond strength in root-end cavities prepared using the ultrasonic technique (US/MTA and US/NEC) (P < 0.001). The bond strengths of MTA and NEC did not differ significantly. The failure modes were mainly adhesive for MTA, but cohesive for NEC. In conclusion, bond strengths of MTA and NEC to root-end cavities were comparable and higher in ultrasonically prepared cavities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20strength" title="bond strength">bond strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Er" title=" Er"> Er</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cr%3AYSGG%20laser" title="Cr:YSGG laser">Cr:YSGG laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MTA" title=" MTA"> MTA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NEC" title=" NEC"> NEC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root-end%20cavity" title=" root-end cavity"> root-end cavity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17770/push-out-bond-strength-of-two-root-end-filling-materials-in-root-end-cavities-prepared-by-ercr-ysgg-laser-or-ultrasonic-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17770.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7275</span> Salicylic Acid Signalling in Relation to Root Colonization in Rice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seema%20Garcha">Seema Garcha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sheetal%20Chopra"> Sheetal Chopra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Navraj%20Sarao"> Navraj Sarao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plant hormones play a role in internal colonization by beneficial microbes and also systemic acquired resistance. They define qualitative and quantitative nature of root microbiome and also influence dynamics of root rhizospheric soil. The present study is an attempt to relate salicylic acid (signal molecule) content and qualitative nature of root endophytes at various stages in the growth of rice varieties of commercial value- Parmal 121 and Basmati 1121. Root seedlings of these varieties were raised using tissue culture techniques and then they were transplanted in the fields. Cultivation was done using conventional methods in agriculture. Field soil contained 0.39% N, 75.12 Kg/hectare of phosphorus and 163.0 Kg/hectare of potassium. Microfloral profiling of the root tissue was done using the selective microbiological medium. The salicylic acid content was estimated using HPLC-Agilent 1100 HPLC Series. Salicylic acid level of Basmati 1121 remained relatively low at the time of transplant and 90 days after transplant. It increased marginally at 60 days. A similar trend was observed with Parmal 121 as well. However, Parmal variety recorded 0.935 ug/g of salicylic acid at 60 days after transplant. Salicylic acid content decreased after 90 days as both the rice varieties remained disease free. The endophytic root microflora was established by 60 days after transplant in both the varieties after which their population became constant. Rhizobium spp dominated over Azotobacter spp. Genetic profiling of endophytes for nitrogen-fixing ability is underway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant-microbe%20interaction" title="plant-microbe interaction">plant-microbe interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice" title=" rice"> rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20microbiome" title=" root microbiome"> root microbiome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salicylic%20acid" title=" salicylic acid"> salicylic acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84755/salicylic-acid-signalling-in-relation-to-root-colonization-in-rice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84755.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7274</span> Enhancement of Growth Regulators to Callus Formation and Silymarin Content from Different Explants of Silybum marianum Seedling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Hamza">M. A. Hamza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20A.%20Bosila"> H. A. Bosila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Zewil"> M. A. Zewil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20M.%20Harridy"> I. M. Harridy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Silymarin is one active component extracted from milk thistle Silybum marianum; it is flavonoid recognized for its ability to benefit people with liver disorders and as a protective compound against liver damaging agents. For this reason, this research aims to study the effect of growth regulators (BA+NAA) and explant type (cotyledon, hypocotyl, and root) to increase the growth and active ingredients (silymarin) in callus of S. mariaum plant. The results showed that cotyledon explant which have been cultured in MS medium supplemented with BA 0.4 mg/l. +NAA 0.25 mg/l. Led to obtain the best results in callus fresh weight (1.847a) and callus dry weight (0.155a). On the other hand, the same explant (cotyledon) cultured in MS medium supplemented with BA 1.6 mg/l. + NAA 0.5 mg/l. The suitable condition to silymarin content (0.132 mg/100 mg dry weight). And also, it turned out, lack of importance of the use of hypocotyl and root in the production of callus and silymarin compared to cotyledon. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silybum" title="silybum">silybum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=callus" title=" callus"> callus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue%20culture" title=" tissue culture"> tissue culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cotyledon" title=" cotyledon"> cotyledon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51983/enhancement-of-growth-regulators-to-callus-formation-and-silymarin-content-from-different-explants-of-silybum-marianum-seedling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7273</span> Economic Growth and Transport Carbon Dioxide Emissions in New Zealand: A Co-Integration Analysis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mingyue%20Sheng">Mingyue Sheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basil%20Sharp"> Basil Sharp</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from national transport account for the largest share of emissions from energy use in New Zealand. Whether the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship exists between environmental degradation indicators from the transport sector and economic growth in New Zealand remains unclear. This paper aims at exploring the causality relationship between CO₂ emissions from the transport sector, fossil fuel consumption, and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in New Zealand, using annual data for the period 1977 to 2013. First, conventional unit root tests (Augmented Dickey–Fuller and Phillips–Perron tests), and a unit root test with the breakpoint (Zivot-Andrews test) are employed to examine the stationarity of the variables. Second, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds test for co-integration, followed by Granger causality investigated causality among the variables. Empirical results of the study reveal that, in the short run, there is a unidirectional causality between economic growth and transport CO₂ emissions with direction from economic growth to transport CO₂ emissions, as well as a bidirectional causality from transport CO₂ emissions to road energy consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title="economic growth">economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transport%20carbon%20dioxide%20emissions" title=" transport carbon dioxide emissions"> transport carbon dioxide emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20Kuznets%20curve" title=" environmental Kuznets curve"> environmental Kuznets curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causality" title=" causality"> causality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92763/economic-growth-and-transport-carbon-dioxide-emissions-in-new-zealand-a-co-integration-analysis-of-the-environmental-kuznets-curve" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92763.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7272</span> Introgression of Improved Root Biomass Traits into Wheat Hybrids</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20N.%20U.%20Abdullah">F. N. U. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20M.%20H.%20Ibrahim"> A. M. H. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shuyu%20Liu"> Shuyu Liu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hybrid wheat root system is the major plant organ for water and nutrient acquisition. An initial wheat root study with Winrhizo scanner showed that entries with high root surface area but narrow root angle are associated with past drought tolerance in Texas, while those with wide angle can perform best under normal growing conditions. In a hybrid field experiment, commercial heterosis up to 8.3% in grain yield was obtained from diverse parents selected from male and female diverse groups. These hybrids showed promising yield at Greenville and McGregor, Texas, with grain yield up to 4412 Kg ha⁻¹ as compared to best performing commercial varieties ‘TAM-304’ (4075 Kg ha⁻¹) and ‘Gallagher’ (3981 Kg ha⁻¹). Among 130 hybrids produced, a subset of 50 better-performing hybrids and parents was subjected to one-month-old plant root studies scanned with Winrhizo. The results showed a significant positive correlation of grain yield with initial root angle and a negative correlation with root length. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrids" title="hybrids">hybrids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=root%20studies" title=" root studies"> root studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heterosis" title=" heterosis"> heterosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheat%20breeding" title=" wheat breeding"> wheat breeding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183018/introgression-of-improved-root-biomass-traits-into-wheat-hybrids" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/183018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span 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