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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Education_and_medical_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education_and_medical_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Education and medical career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education_and_medical_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Leakeys_and_the_Congo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Leakeys_and_the_Congo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The Leakeys and the Congo</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-The_Leakeys_and_the_Congo-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle The Leakeys and the Congo subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-The_Leakeys_and_the_Congo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Journey_to_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journey_to_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Journey to Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journey_to_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research_in_the_Congo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research_in_the_Congo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Research in the Congo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research_in_the_Congo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conservation_work_in_Rwanda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conservation_work_in_Rwanda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Conservation work in Rwanda</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Conservation_work_in_Rwanda-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Conservation work in Rwanda subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Conservation_work_in_Rwanda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opposition_to_poaching" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_to_poaching"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Opposition to poaching</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition_to_poaching-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Killing_of_Digit_and_escalating_tensions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Killing_of_Digit_and_escalating_tensions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Killing of Digit and escalating tensions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Killing_of_Digit_and_escalating_tensions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Murder_and_burial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Murder_and_burial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Murder and burial</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Murder_and_burial-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Murder and burial subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Murder_and_burial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life_and_views" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life_and_views"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Personal life and views</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life_and_views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Personal life and views subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life_and_views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opposition_to_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opposition_to_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Opposition to tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opposition_to_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_media_and_books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_media_and_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>In media and books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_media_and_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Selected bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Selected_bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Selected bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Selected_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scholarly_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scholarly_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Scholarly articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scholarly_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Dian Fossey</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 65 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-65" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">65 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="ديان فوسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديان فوسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="داین فوسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="داین فوسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF" title="ডাইয়্যান ফশি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডাইয়্যান ফশি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96" title="Даян Фосі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Даян Фосі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fosseyov%C3%A1" title="Dian Fosseyová – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dian Fosseyová" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%AC%CE%BD_%CE%A6%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B5%CF%8A" title="Νταϊάν Φόσεϊ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νταϊάν Φόσεϊ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="داین فوسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داین فوسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B4%EC%95%A4_%ED%8F%AC%EC%8B%9C" title="다이앤 포시 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다이앤 포시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%96%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BD%D5%AB" title="Դայան Ֆոսսի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դայան Ֆոսսի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%99" title="דיאן פוסי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דיאן פוסי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="დაიან ფოსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დაიან ფოსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daiana_Fosija" title="Daiana Fosija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Daiana Fosija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF" title="ഡയാൻ ഫോസി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡയാൻ ഫോസി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%89" title="ديان فوسى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ديان فوسى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%83%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BC" title="ダイアン・フォッシー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダイアン・フォッシー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="ڈیان فوسی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈیان فوسی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%89%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="ډاین فوسي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ډاین فوسي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8,_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Фосси, Дайан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фосси, Дайан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8_%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Фосси Дайан – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Фосси Дайан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%86%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%93" title="ඩයන් ෆොසී – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඩයන් ෆොසී" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fosseyov%C3%A1" title="Dian Fosseyová – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dian Fosseyová" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Дајан Фоси – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Дајан Фоси" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="டயேன் ஃபாசி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டயேன் ஃபாசி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="ไดแอน ฟอสซีย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไดแอน ฟอสซีย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%96" title="Даян Фоссі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Даян Фоссі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dian Fossey" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%A5%BF" title="戴安·弗西 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="戴安·弗西" data-language-autonym="吴语" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Dian Fossey</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dian_Fossey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Dian_Fossey.jpg/220px-Dian_Fossey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/b9/Dian_Fossey.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="321" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1932-01-16</span>)</span>January 16, 1932<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> December 26, 1985<span style="display:none">(1985-12-26)</span> (aged 53)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Volcanoes_National_Park" title="Volcanoes National Park">Volcanoes National Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cause of death</th><td class="infobox-data">Murder</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Karisoke_Research_Center" title="Karisoke Research Center">Karisoke Research Center</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Marin" title="College of Marin">College of Marin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_State_University" title="San Jose State University">San Jose State University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">PhD</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Study and conservation of the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_gorilla" title="Mountain gorilla">mountain gorilla</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">Ethology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Primatology" title="Primatology">Primatology</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karisoke_Research_Center" title="Karisoke Research Center">Karisoke Research Center</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_University" title="Cornell University">Cornell University</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ulmss-newton.lib.cam.ac.uk/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=8399">The behaviour of the mountain gorilla</a></i> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1976)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hinde" title="Robert Hinde">Robert Hinde</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unterschrift_Dian_Fossey_amerikanische_Zoologin_und_Verhaltesforscherin.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Unterschrift_Dian_Fossey_amerikanische_Zoologin_und_Verhaltesforscherin.png/150px-Unterschrift_Dian_Fossey_amerikanische_Zoologin_und_Verhaltesforscherin.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Unterschrift_Dian_Fossey_amerikanische_Zoologin_und_Verhaltesforscherin.png/225px-Unterschrift_Dian_Fossey_amerikanische_Zoologin_und_Verhaltesforscherin.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Unterschrift_Dian_Fossey_amerikanische_Zoologin_und_Verhaltesforscherin.png/300px-Unterschrift_Dian_Fossey_amerikanische_Zoologin_und_Verhaltesforscherin.png 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="210" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dian Fossey</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">dy-<span style="font-size:90%">AN</span></i></a>; January 16, 1932 – <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> December 26, 1985</span>) was an American <a href="/wiki/Primatologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Primatologist">primatologist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conservationist_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservationist movement">conservationist</a> known for undertaking an extensive study of <a href="/wiki/Mountain_gorilla" title="Mountain gorilla">mountain gorilla</a> groups from 1966 until her murder in 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-history_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She studied them daily in the mountain forests of <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a>, initially encouraged to work there by <a href="/wiki/Paleoanthropologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Paleoanthropologist">paleoanthropologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Louis_Leakey" title="Louis Leakey">Louis Leakey</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gorillas_in_the_Mist_(book)" title="Gorillas in the Mist (book)">Gorillas in the Mist</a></i>, a book published two years before her death, is Fossey's account of her scientific study of the <a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">gorillas</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Karisoke_Research_Center" title="Karisoke Research Center">Karisoke Research Center</a> and prior career. It was adapted into a <a href="/wiki/Gorillas_in_the_Mist" title="Gorillas in the Mist">1988 film of the same name</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WareBraukman_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WareBraukman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fossey was a leading primatologist, and a member of the <a href="/wiki/The_Trimates" title="The Trimates">"Trimates"</a>, a group of female scientists recruited by Leakey to study great <a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">apes</a> in their natural environments, along with <a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a> who studies <a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">chimpanzees</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Birut%C4%97_Galdikas" title="Birutė Galdikas">Birutė Galdikas</a>, who studies <a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">orangutans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT_5.1.81_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT_5.1.81-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_7.15.90_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_7.15.90-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fossey spent 20 years in Rwanda, where she supported conservation efforts, strongly opposed poaching and tourism in wildlife habitats, and made more people acknowledge the sapience of gorillas. Following the killing of a gorilla and subsequent tensions, she was murdered in her cabin at a remote camp in Rwanda in December 1985. Although Fossey's American research assistant was convicted <i>in absentia</i>, there is no consensus as to who killed her. </p><p>Her research and conservation work helped reduce the downward population trend in mountain gorillas. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fossey was born in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, the daughter of Hazel (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a> Kidd), a fashion model, and George Edward Fossey III, a real estate agent and business owner.<sup id="cite_ref-WareBraukman_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WareBraukman-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her parents divorced when she was six.<sup id="cite_ref-innominate_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-innominate-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mother remarried the following year, to businessman Richard Price. Her father tried to keep in contact, but her mother discouraged it, and all contact was subsequently lost.<sup id="cite_ref-webster_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webster-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossey's stepfather, Richard Price, never treated her as his own child. He would not allow Fossey to sit at the dining room table with him or her mother during dinner.<sup id="cite_ref-farley_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A man adhering to strict discipline, Richard Price offered Fossey little to no emotional support.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although, by 1950, Richard and Hazel would relocate with Dian to Marin County, the same county where her father George Fossey, now married to Mrs. Gladys Bove (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a> Kohler), resided.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (George and Gladys would divorce by 1960. His third and final marriage would be to Kathryn Smith around 1959. Kathryn has mistakenly been cited as Dian's mother over the years.)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Struggling with personal insecurity, Fossey turned to animals as a way to gain acceptance.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her love for animals began with her first pet goldfish and continued throughout her life.<sup id="cite_ref-farley_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At age six, she began riding horses, earning a letter from her school; by her college graduation in 1954, Fossey had established herself as an <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">equestrienne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education_and_medical_career">Education and medical career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Education and medical career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fossey attended <a href="/wiki/Lowell_High_School_(San_Francisco)" title="Lowell High School (San Francisco)">Lowell High School</a>. Following the guidance of her stepfather, she enrolled in a business course at the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Marin" title="College of Marin">College of Marin</a> in San Francisco. However, spending her summer on a ranch in <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a> at age 19 rekindled her love of animals, and she enrolled in a pre-<a href="/wiki/Veterinary" class="mw-redirect" title="Veterinary">veterinary</a> course in biology at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">University of California, Davis</a>. In defiance of her stepfather's wishes for her to attend a business school, Fossey decided to spend her professional life working with animals. Consequently, Fossey's parents failed to give her any substantial financial support in her adult life.<sup id="cite_ref-farley_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She supported herself by working as a clerk at a <a href="/wiki/White_Front" title="White Front">White Front</a> department store, doing other clerking and laboratory work, and laboring as a <a href="/wiki/Machinist" title="Machinist">machinist</a> in a factory.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although Fossey had always been an exemplary student, she had difficulty with <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, and failed her second year of the program. She transferred to <a href="/wiki/San_Jose_State_University" title="San Jose State University">San Jose State College</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where she became a member of <a href="/wiki/Kappa_Alpha_Theta" title="Kappa Alpha Theta">Kappa Alpha Theta</a> <a href="/wiki/Sorority" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorority">sorority</a> and studied <a href="/wiki/Occupational_therapy" title="Occupational therapy">occupational therapy</a>, receiving her <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossey began her career in occupational therapy.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She interned at hospitals in California and worked with <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> patients.<sup id="cite_ref-GFDFL_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFDFL-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossey had become a prizewinning <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">equestrian</a>, which drew her to <a href="/wiki/Kentucky" title="Kentucky">Kentucky</a> in 1955, and a year later took a job as an occupational therapist at the <a href="/wiki/Kosair_Crippled_Children%27s_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosair Crippled Children's Hospital">Kosair Crippled Children's Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her shy and reserved personality helped her to work well with the children at the hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossey became close to her coworker Mary White "Gaynee" Henry, secretary to the hospital's chief administrator and the wife of one of the doctors, Michael J. Henry. The Henrys invited Fossey to join them on their family farm, where she worked with livestock daily and experienced the inclusive family atmosphere that had been missing for most of her life.<sup id="cite_ref-webster_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webster-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During her free time she pursued her love of horses.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Leakeys_and_the_Congo">The Leakeys and the Congo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Leakeys and the Congo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journey_to_Africa">Journey to Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Journey to Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fossey turned down an offer to join the Henrys on an African tour due to lack of finances,<sup id="cite_ref-webster_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webster-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in 1963 she borrowed $8,000 (one year's salary), took out her life savings<sup id="cite_ref-McPherson_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McPherson-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and went on a seven-week visit to Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-innominate_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-innominate-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1963, she arrived in <a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GFDFL_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFDFL-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While there, she was introduced to <a href="/wiki/Safari" title="Safari">safari</a> guide John Alexander, <sup id="cite_ref-innominate_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-innominate-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who became her guide for the next seven weeks through Kenya, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo_(L%C3%A9opoldville)" title="Republic of the Congo (Léopoldville)">Democratic Republic of Congo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia" title="Rhodesia">Rhodesia</a>, now <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>. Their route included visits to <a href="/wiki/Tsavo" title="Tsavo">Tsavo</a>, East Africa's largest national park; the saline lake of <a href="/wiki/Manyara" class="mw-redirect" title="Manyara">Manyara</a>, famous for attracting giant flocks of <a href="/wiki/Flamingo" title="Flamingo">flamingos</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Ngorongoro_Crater" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngorongoro Crater">Ngorongoro Crater</a>, well known for its abundant wildlife.<sup id="cite_ref-GFDFL_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFDFL-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final two sites for her visit were <a href="/wiki/Olduvai_Gorge" title="Olduvai Gorge">Olduvai Gorge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> (the archeological site of <a href="/wiki/Louis_Leakey" title="Louis Leakey">Louis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Leakey" title="Mary Leakey">Mary Leakey</a>); and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Mikeno" title="Mount Mikeno">Mt. Mikeno</a> in Congo, where, in 1959, American zoologist <a href="/wiki/George_Schaller" title="George Schaller">George Schaller</a> had carried out a yearlong pioneering study of the mountain gorilla. At Olduvai Gorge, Fossey met the Leakeys while they were examining the area for <a href="/wiki/Hominid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominid">hominid</a> <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossils</a>. Leakey talked to Fossey about the work of English primatologist <a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a> and the importance of long-term research on the <a href="/wiki/Great_ape" class="mw-redirect" title="Great ape">great apes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GFDFL_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFDFL-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Fossey had broken her ankle while visiting the Leakeys,<sup id="cite_ref-GFDFL_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFDFL-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by October 16, she was staying in Walter Baumgartel's small hotel in <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a>, the Travellers Rest. Baumgartel, an advocate of gorilla conservation, was among the first to see the benefits that tourism could bring to the area, and he introduced Fossey to Kenyan wildlife photographers <a href="/wiki/Joan_Root" title="Joan Root">Joan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Root" title="Alan Root">Alan Root</a>. The couple agreed to allow Fossey and Alexander to camp behind their own camp, and it was during these few days that Fossey first encountered wild mountain gorillas.<sup id="cite_ref-GFDFL_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFDFL-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After staying with friends in Rhodesia, Fossey returned home to Louisville to repay her loans. She published three articles in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Courier-Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Courier-Journal">The Courier-Journal</a></i> newspaper, detailing her visit to Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-innominate_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-innominate-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GFDFL_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFDFL-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Research_in_the_Congo">Research in the Congo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Research in the Congo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virunga_Mountain_Gorilla_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Virunga_Mountain_Gorilla_1.jpg/240px-Virunga_Mountain_Gorilla_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Virunga_Mountain_Gorilla_1.jpg/360px-Virunga_Mountain_Gorilla_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Virunga_Mountain_Gorilla_1.jpg/480px-Virunga_Mountain_Gorilla_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3946" data-file-height="2889" /></a><figcaption>Gorilla mother with infant in <a href="/wiki/Virunga_National_Park" title="Virunga National Park">Virunga National Park</a> in the Congo</figcaption></figure> <p>When Leakey made an appearance in Louisville while on a nationwide lecture tour, Fossey took the color supplements that had appeared about her African trip in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Courier-Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="The Courier-Journal">The Courier-Journal</a></i> to show to Leakey, who remembered her and her interest in mountain gorillas. Three years after the original safari, Leakey suggested that Fossey could undertake a long-term study of the gorillas in the same manner as <a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a> had with chimpanzees in Tanzania.<sup id="cite_ref-farley_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leakey lined up funding for Fossey to research mountain gorillas, and Fossey left her job to relocate to Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After studying <a href="/wiki/Swahili_language" title="Swahili language">Swahili</a> and auditing a class on <a href="/wiki/Primatology" title="Primatology">primatology</a> during the eight months it took to get funding and her visas, Fossey arrived in Nairobi in December 1966. With the help of Joan Root and Leakey, Fossey acquired the necessary provisions and an old canvas-topped <a href="/wiki/Land_Rover" title="Land Rover">Land Rover</a> which she named "Lily". On the way to the Congo, Fossey visited the <a href="/wiki/Gombe_Stream_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Gombe Stream National Park">Gombe Stream Research Centre</a> to meet Goodall and observe her research methods with chimpanzees.<sup id="cite_ref-GFDFL_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFDFL-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accompanied by photographer Alan Root, who helped her obtain work permits for the <a href="/wiki/Virunga_Mountains" title="Virunga Mountains">Virunga Mountains</a>, Fossey began her field study at Kabara, in the Congo in early 1967, in the same meadow where Schaller had made his camp seven years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-Montgomery136_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montgomery136-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Root taught her basic gorilla tracking, and his tracker Sanwekwe later helped in Fossey's camp. Living in tents on mainly tinned produce, once a month Fossey would hike down the mountain to "Lily" and make the two-hour drive to the village of Kikumba to restock.<sup id="cite_ref-GFDFL_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFDFL-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fossey identified three distinct groups in her study area, but could not get close to them. She eventually found that mimicking their actions and making grunting sounds reassured them, together with submissive behavior and eating of the local celery plant.<sup id="cite_ref-Montgomery136_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montgomery136-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She later attributed her success with habituating gorillas to her experience working as an occupational therapist with children with autism.<sup id="cite_ref-farley_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like George Schaller, Fossey relied greatly on individual "noseprints" for identification, initially via sketching and later by camera.<sup id="cite_ref-GFDFL_18-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFDFL-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fossey had arrived in the Congo in locally turbulent times. Known as the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Congo" title="Belgian Congo">Belgian Congo</a> until its independence in June 1960, unrest and rebellion plagued the new government until 1965, when Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Joseph-D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9_Mobutu" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph-Désiré Mobutu">Joseph-Désiré Mobutu</a>, by then commander-in-chief of the national army, seized control of the country and declared himself president for five years during what is now called the <a href="/wiki/Congo_Crisis" title="Congo Crisis">Congo Crisis</a>. During the political upheaval, a rebellion and battles took place in the <a href="/wiki/Kivu" title="Kivu">Kivu</a> Province. On July 9, 1967, soldiers arrived at the camp to escort Fossey and her research workers down, and she was detained at <a href="/wiki/Rumangabo" title="Rumangabo">Rumangabo</a> for two weeks. Fossey eventually escaped through bribery to Walter Baumgärtel's Travellers Rest Hotel in <a href="/wiki/Kisoro" title="Kisoro">Kisoro</a>, where her escort was arrested by the Ugandan military.<sup id="cite_ref-GFDFL_18-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFDFL-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Advised by the Ugandan authorities not to return to Congo, after meeting Leakey in Nairobi, Fossey agreed with him against <a href="/wiki/Us_embassy" class="mw-redirect" title="Us embassy">US Embassy</a> advice to restart her study on the <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwandan</a> side of the <a href="/wiki/Virunga_Mountains" title="Virunga Mountains">Virungas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GFDFL_18-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFDFL-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Rwanda, Fossey had met local American expatriate <a href="/wiki/Rosamond_Carr" title="Rosamond Carr">Rosamond Carr</a>, who introduced her to <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgian</a> local Alyette DeMunck; DeMunck had a local's knowledge of Rwanda and offered to find Fossey a suitable site for study.<sup id="cite_ref-GFDFL_18-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFDFL-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation_work_in_Rwanda">Conservation work in Rwanda</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Conservation work in Rwanda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Visoke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Visoke.jpg/250px-Visoke.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Visoke.jpg/375px-Visoke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Visoke.jpg/500px-Visoke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="622" /></a><figcaption>Fossey established her research camp in the foothills of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Bisoke" title="Mount Bisoke">Mount Bisoke</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On September 24, 1967, Fossey founded the <a href="/wiki/Karisoke_Research_Center" title="Karisoke Research Center">Karisoke Research Center</a>, a remote <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforest</a> camp nestled in <a href="/wiki/Ruhengeri" title="Ruhengeri">Ruhengeri</a> province in the saddle of two volcanoes. For the research center's name, Fossey used "Kari" for the first four letters of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Karisimbi" title="Mount Karisimbi">Mount Karisimbi</a> that overlooked her camp from the south, and "soke" for the last four letters of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Bisoke" title="Mount Bisoke">Mount Bisoke</a>, the slopes of which rose to the north, directly behind the camp.<sup id="cite_ref-GFDFL_18-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GFDFL-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pbs_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbs-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Established 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) up Mount Bisoke, the defined study area covered 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She became known by locals as Nyirmachabelli, or Nyiramacibiri, roughly translated as "The woman who lives alone on the mountain."<sup id="cite_ref-Montgomery130_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montgomery130-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike the gorillas from the Congo side of the Virungas, the Karisoke area gorillas had never been partially habituated by Schaller's study; they knew humans only as <a href="/wiki/Poachers" class="mw-redirect" title="Poachers">poachers</a>, and it took longer for Fossey to be able to study the Karisoke gorillas at a close distance.<sup id="cite_ref-Montgomery138_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montgomery138-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossey attempted to habituate the gorillas by copying their actions. Over time the gorillas became accustomed to Fossey. As she explained to the BBC in 1984: "I'm an inhibited persona and I felt that the gorillas were somewhat inhibited as well, so I imitated their natural, normal behaviour like feeding, munching on celery stalks or scratching myself." <sup id="cite_ref-bbc_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fossey made discoveries about gorillas including how females transfer from group to group over the decades, gorilla <a href="/wiki/Animal_communication#Auditory" title="Animal communication">vocalization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gorilla#Social_structure" title="Gorilla">hierarchies and social relationships</a> among groups, rare infanticide, gorilla diet, and how gorillas <a href="/wiki/Nutrient_recycling" class="mw-redirect" title="Nutrient recycling">recycle nutrients</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Montgomery149_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montgomery149-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossey's research was funded by the Wilkie Foundation and the Leakey Home, with primary funding from the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mowat200_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mowat200-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1970, she appeared on the cover of <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Magazine">National Geographic Magazine</a>, which brought tremendous attention to her work.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fossey was often hostile to Africans who entered into the protected area, even shooting roaming cattle.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1980, Fossey, who had obtained her PhD at <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge University">Cambridge University</a> in the UK, was recognized as the world's leading authority on the physiology and behavior of mountain gorillas, defining gorillas as being "dignified, highly social, gentle giants, with individual personalities, and strong family relationships."<sup id="cite_ref-webster_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webster-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossey lectured as professor at Cornell University in 1981–83. Her bestselling book <i>Gorillas in the Mist</i> was praised by <a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Nikolaas Tinbergen</a>, the Dutch ethologist and ornithologist who won the 1973 <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a>. Her book remains the best-selling book about gorillas.<sup id="cite_ref-farley_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many research students left after not being able to cope with the cold, dark, and extremely muddy conditions around Karisoke on the slopes of the Virunga Volcanoes, where paths usually had to be cut through six-foot-tall grass with a machete.<sup id="cite_ref-Montgomery131_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montgomery131-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_to_poaching">Opposition to poaching</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Opposition to poaching"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a> had been illegal in the national park of the <a href="/wiki/Virunga_Volcanoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Virunga Volcanoes">Virunga Volcanoes</a> in Rwanda since the 1920s, the law was rarely enforced by park conservators, who were often bribed by <a href="/wiki/Poachers" class="mw-redirect" title="Poachers">poachers</a> and paid a salary less than Fossey's own African staff.<sup id="cite_ref-farley_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On three occasions, Fossey wrote that she witnessed the aftermath of the capture of infant gorillas at the behest of the park conservators for zoos; since gorillas will fight to the death to protect their young, the kidnappings would often result in up to 10 adult gorillas' deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-farley_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through the <a href="/wiki/Digit_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Digit Fund">Digit Fund</a>, Fossey financed patrols to destroy poachers' traps in the Karisoke study area. In four months in 1979, the Fossey patrol, consisting of four African staffers, destroyed 987 poachers' traps in the research area's vicinity.<sup id="cite_ref-Mowat223_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mowat223-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The official Rwandan national park guards, consisting of 24 staffers, did not eradicate any poachers' traps during the same period.<sup id="cite_ref-Mowat223_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mowat223-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the eastern portion of the park not patrolled by Fossey, poachers virtually eradicated all the park's <a href="/wiki/Elephant" title="Elephant">elephants</a> for <a href="/wiki/Ivory" title="Ivory">ivory</a> and killed more than a dozen gorillas.<sup id="cite_ref-Mowat223_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mowat223-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fossey helped in the arrest of several poachers, some of whom served prison sentences.<sup id="cite_ref-Mowat174_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mowat174-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1978, Fossey attempted to prevent the export of two young gorillas, Coco and Pucker, from Rwanda to the <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Zoological_Garden" title="Cologne Zoological Garden">zoo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cologne,_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Cologne, Germany">Cologne, Germany</a>. During the capture of the infants at the behest of the Cologne Zoo and Rwandan park conservator, 20 adult gorillas had been killed.<sup id="cite_ref-Mowat74_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mowat74-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The infant gorillas were given to Fossey by the park conservator of the <a href="/wiki/Virunga_Volcanoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Virunga Volcanoes">Virunga Volcanoes</a> for treatment of injuries suffered during their capture and captivity. With considerable effort, she restored them to a semblance of health. Over Fossey's objections, the gorillas were shipped to Cologne, where they lived nine years in captivity, both dying in the same month.<sup id="cite_ref-farley_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She viewed the holding of animals in "prison" (<a href="/wiki/Zoo" title="Zoo">zoos</a>) for the entertainment of people as unethical.<sup id="cite_ref-fossey_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fossey-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While gorillas from rival groups on the mountains that were not part of Fossey's study had often been found poached five to ten at a time, and had spurred Fossey to conduct her own anti-poaching patrols, Fossey's study groups had not been direct victims of poaching until Fossey's favorite gorilla, Digit, was killed in 1978. Later that year, the <a href="/wiki/Silverback#Group_life" class="mw-redirect" title="Silverback">silverback</a> of Digit's Group 4, named for Fossey's Uncle Bert, was shot in the heart while trying to save his son, Kweli, from being seized by poachers cooperating with the Rwandan park conservator.<sup id="cite_ref-Mowat187_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mowat187-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kweli's mother, Macho, was also killed in the raid, but, as a result of Uncle Bert's intervention, Kweli was not captured; however, three-year-old Kweli died, slowly and painfully, of <a href="/wiki/Gangrene" title="Gangrene">gangrene</a>, from being brushed by a poacher's bullet.<sup id="cite_ref-fossey_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fossey-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mowat187_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mowat187-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Fossey's letters, ORTPN (the Rwandan national park system), the <a href="/wiki/World_Wildlife_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="World Wildlife Fund">World Wildlife Fund</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_Wildlife_Foundation" title="African Wildlife Foundation">African Wildlife Foundation</a>, Fauna Preservation Society, the Mountain Gorilla Project and some of her former students tried to wrest control of the Karisoke research center from her for the purpose of tourism, by portraying her as unstable. In her last two years, Fossey claimed not to have lost any gorillas to poachers; however, the Mountain Gorilla Project, which was supposed to patrol the <a href="/wiki/Mount_Sabyinyo" title="Mount Sabyinyo">Mount Sabyinyo</a> area, tried to cover up gorilla deaths caused by poaching and diseases transmitted through tourists. Nevertheless, these organizations received most of the public donations directed toward gorilla conservation.<sup id="cite_ref-farley_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The public often believed their money would go to Fossey, who was struggling to finance her anti-poaching and anti-<a href="/wiki/Bushmeat" title="Bushmeat">bushmeat</a> hunting patrols, while organizations collecting in her name put it into tourism projects and, as she put it, "to pay the airfare of so-called conservationists who will never go on anti-poaching patrols in their life." Fossey described the two philosophies as her own "active conservation" or the international conservation groups' "theoretical conservation."<sup id="cite_ref-Mowat174_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mowat174-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Killing_of_Digit_and_escalating_tensions">Killing of Digit and escalating tensions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Killing of Digit and escalating tensions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Digit_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Digit Fund">Digit Fund</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Dian_Fossey_Gorilla_Fund_International.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_Dian_Fossey_Gorilla_Fund_International.JPG/220px-The_Dian_Fossey_Gorilla_Fund_International.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_Dian_Fossey_Gorilla_Fund_International.JPG/330px-The_Dian_Fossey_Gorilla_Fund_International.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/The_Dian_Fossey_Gorilla_Fund_International.JPG/440px-The_Dian_Fossey_Gorilla_Fund_International.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption> The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International in <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Sometime during the day on <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year's Eve">New Year's Eve</a> 1977, Fossey's favorite gorilla, Digit, was killed by poachers. As the sentry of study group 4, he defended the group against six poachers and their dogs, who ran across the gorilla study group while checking <a href="/wiki/Antelope" title="Antelope">antelope</a> traplines. Digit took five spear wounds in ferocious self-defense and managed to kill one of the poachers' dogs, allowing the other 13 members of his group to escape.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Digit was decapitated, and his hands cut off for ashtrays. He was twelve years old.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his mutilated body was discovered by research assistant <a href="/wiki/Ian_Redmond" title="Ian Redmond">Ian Redmond</a>, Fossey's group captured one of the killers. He revealed the names of his five accomplices, three of whom were later imprisoned.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossey later described Digit's killing as the "saddest event in all my years of sharing the daily lives of mountain gorilla."<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_31-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The event plunged Fossey into depression. She isolated herself in her cabin, consuming large amounts of alcohol and cigarettes.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_31-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fossey subsequently created the <a href="/wiki/Digit_Fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Digit Fund">Digit Fund</a> (now the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International in the US)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to raise money for anti-poaching patrols.<sup id="cite_ref-fossey_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fossey-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, a consortium of international gorilla funds arose to accept donations in light of Digit's death and increased attention on poaching.<sup id="cite_ref-Mowat187_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mowat187-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossey mostly opposed the efforts of the international organizations, which she felt inefficiently directed their funds towards more equipment for Rwandan park officials, some of whom were alleged to have ordered some of the gorilla poachings in the first place.<sup id="cite_ref-Mowat187_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mowat187-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The deaths of some of her most studied gorillas caused Fossey to devote more of her attention to preventing poaching and less on scientific publishing and research.<sup id="cite_ref-Mowat187_39-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mowat187-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossey became more intense in protecting the gorillas and began to employ more direct tactics: she and her staff cut animal traps almost as soon as they were set; frightened, captured and humiliated the poachers; held their cattle for ransom; burnt their hunting camps and even burnt the mats from their houses.<sup id="cite_ref-innominate_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-innominate-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="A better source than an unattributed article by the "Innominate Society" is needed if you want to accuse someone of kidnapping, torture, and vandalism... (September 2017)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Fossey was reported to have captured and held Rwandans she suspected of poaching. She allegedly beat a poacher's testicles with <a href="/wiki/Stinging_nettles" class="mw-redirect" title="Stinging nettles">stinging nettles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a letter to a friend, she wrote, "We stripped him and spread eagled him and lashed the holy blue sweat out of him with nettle stalks and leaves..."<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_31-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She even reportedly kidnapped and held for ransom the child of a suspected poacher.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_31-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vanity_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanity-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After her murder, Fossey's <i>National Geographic</i> editor, Mary Smith, told Shlachter that on visits to the United States, Fossey would "load up on firecrackers, cheap toys and magic tricks as part of her method to mystify the (Africans) in order to hold them at bay."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She wore face-masks and pretended to practice black magic to scare away poachers.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_31-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Writing in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> in 2002, the journalist <a href="/wiki/Tunku_Varadarajan" title="Tunku Varadarajan">Tunku Varadarajan</a> described Fossey at the end of her life as colorful, controversial, and "a racist alcoholic who regarded her gorillas as better than the African people who lived around them".<sup id="cite_ref-innominate_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-innominate-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Murder_and_burial">Murder and burial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Murder and burial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tombe_Dian_Fossey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Tombe_Dian_Fossey.jpg/220px-Tombe_Dian_Fossey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Tombe_Dian_Fossey.jpg/330px-Tombe_Dian_Fossey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Tombe_Dian_Fossey.jpg/440px-Tombe_Dian_Fossey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Fossey's grave at Karisoke, alongside those of her gorilla friends</figcaption></figure> <p>In the early morning of December 27, 1985, Fossey was discovered murdered in the bedroom of her cabin located at the far edge of the camp in the <a href="/wiki/Virunga_Mountains" title="Virunga Mountains">Virunga Mountains</a>, Rwanda.<sup id="cite_ref-People_1986_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People_1986-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her body was found face-up near the two beds where she slept, roughly 7 feet (2 m) away from a hole that her assailant(s) had apparently cut in the wall of the cabin. Wayne Richard McGuire, Fossey's last research assistant at Karisoke, was summoned to the scene by Fossey's house servant and found her bludgeoned to death, reporting that "when I reached down to check her vital signs, I saw her face had been split, diagonally, with one machete blow."<sup id="cite_ref-People_1986_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People_1986-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cabin was littered with broken glass and overturned furniture, with a 9<span class="nowrap"> </span>mm handgun and ammunition beside her on the floor.<sup id="cite_ref-People_1986_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People_1986-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her cabin had been ransacked.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_31-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, robbery was evidently not the motive for the crime, as Fossey's valuables were still in the cabin, including her passport, handguns, and thousands of dollars in U.S. bills and traveler's checks.<sup id="cite_ref-People_1986_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People_1986-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last entry in her diary read:<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When you realize the value of all life, you dwell less on what is past and concentrate more on the preservation of the future.</p></blockquote> <p>Fossey is buried at Karisoke,<sup id="cite_ref-Darkness_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Darkness-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DarknessPhotos_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DarknessPhotos-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a site that she herself had constructed for her deceased gorilla friends. She was buried in the gorilla graveyard next to Digit, and near many gorillas killed by poachers. Memorial services were also held in New York City, Washington, D.C., and California.<sup id="cite_ref-Montgomery162_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Montgomery162-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After Fossey's murder, her entire staff were arrested. This included Rwandan Emmanuel Rwelekana, a tracker who had been fired from his job after he allegedly tried to kill Fossey with a machete, according to the government's account of McGuire's trial. All were later released, except Rwelekana, who was later found dead in prison, allegedly having hanged himself.<sup id="cite_ref-farley_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kraft-1986_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraft-1986-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rwandan courts later tried and convicted Wayne McGuire <i><a href="/wiki/Trial_in_absentia" title="Trial in absentia">in absentia</a></i> for her murder. The alleged motive was that McGuire murdered Fossey in order to steal the manuscript of the sequel to her 1983 book, <i>Gorillas in the Mist</i>. At the trial, investigators said McGuire was not happy with his own research and wanted to use "any dishonest means possible" to complete his work. McGuire had returned to the United States in July 1987,<sup id="cite_ref-Kraft-1986_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kraft-1986-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and because no <a href="/wiki/Extradition" title="Extradition">extradition</a> treaty existed between the U.S. and Rwanda at that time, McGuire did not return to Rwanda.<sup id="cite_ref-farley_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His penalty was death by shooting.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following his return to the U.S., McGuire gave a brief statement at a news conference in <a href="/wiki/Century_City" title="Century City">Century City</a>, Los Angeles, saying Fossey had been his "friend and mentor", calling her death "tragic" and the charges "outrageous".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thereafter, McGuire was largely absent from public notice until 2005, when news broke that he had been accepted for a job with the Health and Human Services division of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nebraska" title="Government of Nebraska">State of Nebraska</a>. The job offer was revoked upon discovery of his relation to the Fossey case.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other theories about her murder persist: that the perpetrators were poachers taking revenge, that Zaïrois hit men were hired to kill her for her presumed-valuable research notes, that there were political motives, that she was killed by a panicked burglar who was hired to steal a protective talisman that Fossey had taken from a poacher,<sup id="cite_ref-vanity_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanity-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that her killer was hired by a person or group whose interests would be negatively affected by Fossey's campaign to prevent exploitation of the Parc National de Volcans,<sup id="cite_ref-farley_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or that Fossey had potentially damning evidence of gold-smugglers.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_31-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A will purporting to be Fossey's bequeathed all of her estate (including the proceeds from the film <i><a href="/wiki/Gorillas_in_the_Mist" title="Gorillas in the Mist">Gorillas in the Mist</a></i>) to the Digit Fund to underwrite anti-poaching patrols. Fossey did not mention her family in the will, which was unsigned. Her mother, Hazel Fossey Price, successfully challenged the will.<sup id="cite_ref-farley_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New York State Supreme Court Justice Swartwood threw out the will and awarded the estate to her mother, including about $4.9 million in royalties from a recent book and upcoming movie, stating that the document "was simply a draft of her purported will and not a will at all." Price said she was working on a project to preserve the work her daughter had done for the mountain gorillas in Rwanda.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, <a href="/wiki/Protais_Zigiranyirazo" title="Protais Zigiranyirazo">Protais Zigiranyirazo</a>, who was suspected of ordering Fossey's murder, was arrested in Belgium for his alleged role in the planning of the <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">1994 Rwandan genocide</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life_and_views">Personal life and views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Personal life and views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Darwin_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1333608.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Darwin_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1333608.jpg/220px-Darwin_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1333608.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Darwin_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1333608.jpg/330px-Darwin_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1333608.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Darwin_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1333608.jpg/440px-Darwin_College_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1333608.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Fossey attended <a href="/wiki/Darwin_College,_Cambridge" title="Darwin College, Cambridge">Darwin College</a> at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>During her African safari, Fossey met Alexie Forrester, the brother of a <a href="/wiki/Rhodesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodesian">Rhodesian</a> she had been dating in Louisville; Fossey and Forrester later became engaged. In her later years, Fossey became involved with <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a></i> photographer <a href="/wiki/Bob_Campbell_(photographer)" title="Bob Campbell (photographer)">Bob Campbell</a> after a year of working together at Karisoke, with Campbell promising to leave his wife.<sup id="cite_ref-innominate_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-innominate-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually the pair grew apart through her dedication to the gorillas and Karisoke, along with his need to work further afield and on his marriage. </p><p>In 1970, studying for her Ph.D. at <a href="/wiki/Darwin_College,_Cambridge" title="Darwin College, Cambridge">Darwin College</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, she discovered she was pregnant and had an abortion, later commenting that "you can't be a cover girl for <i>National Geographic</i> magazine and be pregnant."<sup id="cite_ref-innominate_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-innominate-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She graduated with a Doctor of <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">Philosophy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zoology" title="Zoology">Zoology</a> in 1976.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Fossey had other relationships throughout the years and always had a love for children.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_7.15.90_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_7.15.90-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since Fossey would rescue any abused or abandoned animal she saw in Africa or near Karisoke, she acquired a <a href="/wiki/Menagerie" title="Menagerie">menagerie</a> in the camp, including a monkey who lived in her cabin, Kima, and a dog, Cindy. </p><p>Fossey held Christmas parties every year for her researchers, staffers, and their families, and she developed a friendship with <a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mowat269_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mowat269-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fossey had been troubled by lung problems from an early age and, later in her life, developed advanced <a href="/wiki/Emphysema" title="Emphysema">emphysema</a> brought on by years of heavy <a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco" title="Health effects of tobacco">cigarette smoking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the debilitating disease progressed—further aggravated by the high mountain elevation and damp climate—Fossey found it increasingly difficult to conduct field research, frequently experiencing shortness of breath and requiring the help of an oxygen tank when climbing or hiking long distances.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_to_tourism">Opposition to tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Opposition to tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fossey strongly opposed <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_tourism" title="Wildlife tourism">wildlife tourism</a>, as gorillas are susceptible to <a href="/wiki/Anthroponotic_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthroponotic disease">human anthroponotic diseases</a> like <a href="/wiki/Influenza" title="Influenza">influenza</a> from which they have limited immunity. Fossey reported several cases in which gorillas died because of diseases spread by tourists. She also viewed tourism as an interference into their natural wild behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-farley_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossey also criticized tourist programs, often paid for by international conservation organizations, for interfering with both her research and the peace of the mountain gorillas' habitat, and was concerned that Jane Goodall was inappropriately changing her study of chimpanzees' behavior.<sup id="cite_ref-Mowat174_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mowat174-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International promotes tourism, which they say helps to create a stable and sustainable local community dedicated to protecting the gorillas and their habitat.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to scientific research, the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund's Ellen DeGeneres Campus also supports Rwanda's ecotourism sector.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After her death, Fossey's Digit Fund in the US was renamed the <a href="/wiki/Dian_Fossey_Gorilla_Fund_International" title="Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International">Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Karisoke_Research_Center" title="Karisoke Research Center">Karisoke Research Center</a> is operated by the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International, and continues<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (January 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> the daily gorilla monitoring and protection that she started. </p><p>Fossey is generally credited with reversing the downward trend in the mountain gorilla population. Due to poaching, gorilla populations declined from 450 in 1960 to just 250 in 1981. However, Fossey's "war on poaching" saw the final confirmed killing of a gorilla in 1983. By the late 1980s, the population had risen to 280. It continues to rise, as of 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fossey's research, and the following publicity, spawned "gorilla tourism".<sup id="cite_ref-pbs_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pbs-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between Fossey's death and the 1994 <a href="/wiki/Rwandan_genocide" title="Rwandan genocide">Rwandan genocide</a>, Karisoke was directed by former students, some of whom had opposed her.<sup id="cite_ref-farley_8-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-farley-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the genocide and subsequent period of insecurity, the camp was completely <a href="/wiki/Looting" title="Looting">looted</a> and destroyed. Today only remnants are left of her cabin. During the <a href="/wiki/Ituri_conflict" title="Ituri conflict">civil war</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Virunga_National_Park#Human_conflict" title="Virunga National Park">Virunga National Park</a> was filled with refugees, and <a href="/wiki/Illegal_logging" title="Illegal logging">illegal logging</a> destroyed vast areas. </p><p>In 2014, the 82nd anniversary of Fossey's birth was commemorated by a <a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Google Doodle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_media_and_books">In media and books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In media and books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Universal_Pictures" title="Universal Pictures">Universal Studios</a> bought the film rights to <i>Gorillas in the Mist</i> from Fossey in 1985, and <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros. Studios</a> bought the rights to "the Dark Romance of Dian Fossey", a work by <a href="/wiki/Harold_Hayes" title="Harold Hayes">Harold T. P. Hayes</a>, despite its having been severely criticized by <a href="/wiki/Rosamond_Carr" title="Rosamond Carr">Rosamond Carr</a>. As a result of a legal battle between the two studios, a co-production was arranged. Portions of the story and the Hayes article were adapted for the film <i><a href="/wiki/Gorillas_in_the_Mist" title="Gorillas in the Mist">Gorillas in the Mist</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Sigourney_Weaver" title="Sigourney Weaver">Sigourney Weaver</a>, who played Fossey, along with <a href="/wiki/Bryan_Brown" title="Bryan Brown">Bryan Brown</a>, and John Omirah Miluwi. The book covers Fossey's scientific career in great detail and omits material on her personal life, such as her affair with photographer <a href="/wiki/Bob_Campbell_(photographer)" title="Bob Campbell (photographer)">Bob Campbell</a>, played by Bryan Brown. In the film, the affair with Campbell forms a major subplot. The Hayes article preceding the movie portrayed Fossey as a woman obsessed with gorillas, who would stop at nothing to protect them. The film includes scenes of Fossey's ruthless dealings with poachers, including a scene in which she sets fire to a poacher's home.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Weaver <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actress_in_a_Motion_Picture_%E2%80%93_Drama#1980s" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama">won a Golden Globe Award</a> and <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actress#1980s" title="Academy Award for Best Actress">earned an Oscar nomination for Best Actress</a> for her performance in the film. </p><p>Fossey is considered a saint by the God's Gardeners, a fictional religious sect that is the focus of <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Atwood" title="Margaret Atwood">Margaret Atwood</a>'s 2009 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Year_of_the_Flood" title="The Year of the Flood">The Year of the Flood</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2017, <i>Dian Fossey: Secrets in the Mist</i>, a three-hour series, aired on the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Channel">National Geographic Channel</a>. The series tells the story of Fossey's life, work, murder and legacy, using archive footage and still images, interviews with people who knew and worked with her, specially shot footage, and reconstruction.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i>A Forest in the Clouds: My Year Among the Mountain Gorillas in the Remote Enclave of Dian Fossey</i> (Pegasus Books, 2018) John Fowler describes Fossey's remote mountain gorilla camp, Karisoke Research Center, a few years prior to her murder, telling the story of the unraveling of Fossey's Rwandan facility as pressures mount in an effort to extricate Fossey from her domain. Fowler represents Fossey as a chain-smoking, hard-drinking woman who bullied her staff and students in her efforts to hold on to her reputation as scientist and savior of the mountain gorillas.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_bibliography">Selected bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Selected bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFossey1983" class="citation book cs1">—— (1983). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gorillasinmist00dian"><i>Gorillas in the Mist</i></a></span>. Boston, Mass: Houghton Mifflin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780395282175" title="Special:BookSources/9780395282175"><bdi>9780395282175</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9132014">9132014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gorillas+in+the+Mist&rft.place=Boston%2C+Mass&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9132014&rft.isbn=9780395282175&rft.aulast=Fossey&rft.aufirst=Dian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgorillasinmist00dian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFossey1972" class="citation book cs1">—— (1972). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marvelsofanimalb19alle">"Living with mountain gorillas"</a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Thomas_B._Allen_(author)" title="Thomas B. Allen (author)">Allen, Thomas</a> (ed.). <i>The marvels of animal behavior</i>. Washington: National Geographic Society. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/marvelsofanimalb19alle/page/208">208–229</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870441059" title="Special:BookSources/9780870441059"><bdi>9780870441059</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/694851776">694851776</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Living+with+mountain+gorillas&rft.btitle=The+marvels+of+animal+behavior&rft.place=Washington&rft.pages=208-229&rft.pub=National+Geographic+Society&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F694851776&rft.isbn=9780870441059&rft.aulast=Fossey&rft.aufirst=Dian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmarvelsofanimalb19alle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFosseyHarcourt1977" class="citation book cs1">——; Harcourt, A.H. (1977). <a href="/wiki/Tim_Clutton-Brock" title="Tim Clutton-Brock">Brock, T. H.</a> (ed.). <i>Primate ecology : studies of feeding and ranging behaviour in lemurs, monkeys, and apes</i>. London New York: <a href="/wiki/Academic_Press" title="Academic Press">Academic Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">415–</span>447. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-12-176850-8.50019-6">10.1016/B978-0-12-176850-8.50019-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780323143899" title="Special:BookSources/9780323143899"><bdi>9780323143899</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/682070368">682070368</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/682070368">682070368</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7332815836">7332815836</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Primate+ecology+%3A+studies+of+feeding+and+ranging+behaviour+in+lemurs%2C+monkeys%2C+and+apes&rft.place=London+New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E415-%3C%2Fspan%3E447&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F682070368&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-12-176850-8.50019-6&rft.isbn=9780323143899&rft.aulast=Fossey&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft.au=Harcourt%2C+A.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFossey1979" class="citation book cs1">—— (1979). <a href="/wiki/David_A._Hamburg" title="David A. Hamburg">Hamburg, David A.</a>; McCown, Elizabeth R (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatapes0000unse_n7y7/page/139"><i>The Great apes</i></a>. Menlo Park, Calif: Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatapes0000unse_n7y7/page/139">139–186</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805336696" title="Special:BookSources/9780805336696"><bdi>9780805336696</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/398030913">398030913</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+apes&rft.place=Menlo+Park%2C+Calif&rft.pages=139-186&rft.pub=Benjamin%2FCummings+Pub.+Co&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F398030913&rft.isbn=9780805336696&rft.aulast=Fossey&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatapes0000unse_n7y7%2Fpage%2F139&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFowler2018" class="citation book cs1">Fowler, John (2018). <i>A Forest in the Clouds: My Year Among the Mountain Gorillas in the Remote Enclave of Dian Fossey</i>. Pegasus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781681776330" title="Special:BookSources/9781681776330"><bdi>9781681776330</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Forest+in+the+Clouds%3A+My+Year+Among+the+Mountain+Gorillas+in+the+Remote+Enclave+of+Dian+Fossey&rft.pub=Pegasus+Books&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781681776330&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scholarly_articles">Scholarly articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Scholarly articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFossey1982" class="citation journal cs1">—— (Summer 1982). "An amiable giant: Fuertes's gorilla". <i>The Living Bird</i>: <span class="nowrap">21–</span>22. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0459-6137">0459-6137</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1783015">1783015</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Living+Bird&rft.atitle=An+amiable+giant%3A+Fuertes%27s+gorilla&rft.ssn=summer&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E21-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1783015&rft.issn=0459-6137&rft.aulast=Fossey&rft.aufirst=Dian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFossey1982" class="citation journal cs1">—— (1982). "Mountain gorilla research, 1974". <i>Research Reports – National Geographic Society</i>. <b>14</b>. Washington, DC: <span class="nowrap">243–</span>258. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0077-4626">0077-4626</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1586425">1586425</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+Reports+%E2%80%93+National+Geographic+Society&rft.atitle=Mountain+gorilla+research%2C+1974&rft.volume=14&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E243-%3C%2Fspan%3E258&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1586425&rft.issn=0077-4626&rft.aulast=Fossey&rft.aufirst=Dian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFossey1980" class="citation journal cs1">—— (1980). "Mountain gorilla research, 1971–1972". Projects. <i>Research Reports – National Geographic Society 1971</i>. <b>12</b>. Washington, DC: <span class="nowrap">237–</span>255. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0077-4626">0077-4626</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1586425">1586425</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+Reports+%E2%80%93+National+Geographic+Society+1971&rft.atitle=Mountain+gorilla+research%2C+1971%E2%80%931972&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E237-%3C%2Fspan%3E255&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1586425&rft.issn=0077-4626&rft.aulast=Fossey&rft.aufirst=Dian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFossey1978" class="citation journal cs1">—— (1978). "Mountain gorilla research, 1969–1970". Projects. <i>Research Reports – National Geographic Society 1969</i>. <b>11</b>. Washington, DC: <span class="nowrap">173–</span>176. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0077-4626">0077-4626</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1586425">1586425</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+Reports+%E2%80%93+National+Geographic+Society+1969&rft.atitle=Mountain+gorilla+research%2C+1969%E2%80%931970&rft.volume=11&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E173-%3C%2Fspan%3E176&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1586425&rft.issn=0077-4626&rft.aulast=Fossey&rft.aufirst=Dian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFossey1976" class="citation thesis cs1">—— (1976). <i>The Behaviour of the Mountain Gorilla</i> (Thesis). University of Cambridge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/60364345">60364345</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/500444186">500444186</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Behaviour+of+the+Mountain+Gorilla&rft.inst=University+of+Cambridge&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Fossey&rft.aufirst=Dian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFossey1974" class="citation journal cs1">—— (August 1974). "Observations on the home range of one group of mountain gorillas (<i>Gorilla gorilla beringel</i>)". <i>Animal Behaviour</i>. <b>22</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">568–</span>581. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0003-3472%2874%2980002-3">10.1016/S0003-3472(74)80002-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-3472">0003-3472</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/191252756">191252756</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Observations+on+the+home+range+of+one+group+of+mountain+gorillas+%28Gorilla+gorilla+beringel%29&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E568-%3C%2Fspan%3E581&rft.date=1974-08&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F191252756&rft.issn=0003-3472&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0003-3472%2874%2980002-3&rft.aulast=Fossey&rft.aufirst=Dian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Paywall" title="closed access publication – behind paywall"><img alt="Closed access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/9px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/14px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg/18px-Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFossey1972" class="citation journal cs1">—— (March 1972). "Vocalizations of the mountain Gorilla (<i>Gorilla gorilla beringei</i>)". <i>Animal Behaviour</i>. <b>20</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">36–</span>53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0003-3472%2872%2980171-4">10.1016/S0003-3472(72)80171-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-3472">0003-3472</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/191252756">191252756</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Animal+Behaviour&rft.atitle=Vocalizations+of+the+mountain+Gorilla+%28Gorilla+gorilla+beringei%29&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E36-%3C%2Fspan%3E53&rft.date=1972-03&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F191252756&rft.issn=0003-3472&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0003-3472%2872%2980171-4&rft.aulast=Fossey&rft.aufirst=Dian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 21em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-history-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/primatologist-dian-fossey-found-murdered-in-rwanda">"World-renowned primatologist Dian Fossey is found murdered in Rwanda"</a>. <i>HISTORY</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200721135846/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/primatologist-dian-fossey-found-murdered-in-rwanda">Archived</a> from the original on July 21, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft.atitle=World-renowned+primatologist+Dian+Fossey+is+found+murdered+in+Rwanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fprimatologist-dian-fossey-found-murdered-in-rwanda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WareBraukman-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WareBraukman_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WareBraukman_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ware, Susan; Braukman, Stacy (2004). <i>Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary, Volume 5</i>. Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study. pp. 220–1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-01488-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-01488-X">0-674-01488-X</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_5.1.81-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_5.1.81_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson1981" class="citation news cs1">Robertson, Nan (May 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190822173139/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/01/style/three-who-have-chosen-a-life-in-the-wild.html">"Three Who Have Chosen a Life in the Wild"</a>. B. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. p. 4. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/01/style/three-who-have-chosen-a-life-in-the-wild.html">the original</a> on August 22, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Three+Who+Have+Chosen+a+Life+in+the+Wild&rft.pages=4&rft.date=1981-05&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Nan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1981%2F05%2F01%2Fstyle%2Fthree-who-have-chosen-a-life-in-the-wild.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes_7.15.90-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_7.15.90_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_7.15.90_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWillis1990" class="citation news cs1">Willis, Delta (July 15, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191201153104/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/15/books/some-primates-weren-t-to-be-trusted.html">"Some Primates Weren't To Be Trusted"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/15/books/some-primates-weren-t-to-be-trusted.html">the original</a> on December 1, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Some+Primates+Weren%27t+To+Be+Trusted&rft.date=1990-07-15&rft.aulast=Willis&rft.aufirst=Delta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F07%2F15%2Fbooks%2Fsome-primates-weren-t-to-be-trusted.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102593177/marriage-of-fossey-kidd/">"Marriage of Fossey"</a>. <i>Reno Gazette-Journal</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.innominatesociety.com/Articles/Karisoke%20Revisited.htm">the original</a> on November 18, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Karisoke+Revisited+%E2%80%93+A+Study+of+Dian+Fossey&rft.pub=innominatesociety.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.innominatesociety.com%2FArticles%2FKarisoke%2520Revisited.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webster-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-webster_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webster_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webster_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webster_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091205143418/http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/fossey.html">"Dian Fossey"</a>. Webster.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webster.edu/~woolflm/fossey.html">the original</a> on December 5, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Imperiled+Mountain+Gorilla%3A+A+Grim+Struggle+for+Survival&rft.date=1981-04&rft.aulast=Fossey&rft.aufirst=Dian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2Fmountain-gorillas-virunga-peril-dian-fossey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424225502/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/07/archive/fossey-gorillas-1981/dian-fossey-text/6">"Dian Fossey text – P6"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 14,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Dian+Fossey+text+%E2%80%93+P6&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fngm.nationalgeographic.com%2F2008%2F07%2Farchive%2Ffossey-gorillas-1981%2Fdian-fossey-text%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This organization is unaffiliated with the Gorilla Organization in the UK, which uses Dian's name although it no longer funded her work after Digit's death.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/gorillasinthemistpg13hinson_a0c8cc.htm">Washington Post, Gorillas in the mist film review</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170330024303/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/gorillasinthemistpg13hinson_a0c8cc.htm">Archived</a> March 30, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved January 16, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vanity-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vanity_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vanity_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoumatoff1995" class="citation news cs1">Shoumatoff, Alex (January 1, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/style/1986/09/fatal-obsession-198609">"The Fatal Obsession of Dian Fossey"</a>. <i>Vanity Fair</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=American+Found+Guilty+in+Absentia+of+Rwanda+Killing+of+Gorilla+Expert+Fossey&rft.date=1986-12-19&rft.issn=0458-3035&rft.aulast=Kraft&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1986-12-19-mn-3576-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooke1987" class="citation news cs1">Brooke, James (May 22, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/22/world/kinigi-journal-rwanda-gorillas-are-again-king-of-the-mountain.html">"Kinigi Journal; Rwanda Gorillas Are Again King of the Mountain"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180221175240/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/22/world/kinigi-journal-rwanda-gorillas-are-again-king-of-the-mountain.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kinigi+Journal%3B+Rwanda+Gorillas+Are+Again+King+of+the+Mountain&rft.date=1987-05-22&rft.aulast=Brooke&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F05%2F22%2Fworld%2Fkinigi-journal-rwanda-gorillas-are-again-king-of-the-mountain.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEric_Malnic1986" class="citation news cs1">Eric Malnic (August 30, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-08-30-me-14231-story.html">"Suspect Denies Killing Famous Naturalist; Conspiracy Hinted"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116222018/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-08-30/local/me-14231_1_dian-fossey">Archived</a> from the original on January 16, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Suspect+Denies+Killing+Famous+Naturalist%3B+Conspiracy+Hinted&rft.date=1986-08-30&rft.au=Eric+Malnic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1986-08-30-me-14231-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116182005/http://www.wowt.com/news/headlines/1363897.html">"Job Offer Rescinded"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WOWT" title="WOWT">WOWT</a>. March 14, 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wowt.com/news/headlines/1363897.html">the original</a> on January 16, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Job+Offer+Rescinded&rft.pub=WOWT&rft.date=2005-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wowt.com%2Fnews%2Fheadlines%2F1363897.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/ad6d4dc91efe7570eacc23504461cec6">AP News Report</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170810091755/http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1988/Judge-Rules-Dian-Fossey-s-Will-Invalid/id-ad6d4dc91efe7570eacc23504461cec6">Archived</a> August 10, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (January 15, 1988). <i>Ruling On Fossey's Will'</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jul/28/andrewosborn">"Fossey murder suspect arrested"</a>. July 29, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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October 24, 1985. p. B8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2023</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>. <q>A tall Californian, Fossey has emphysema. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Naturalist+Dian+Fossey+Slain+at+Camp+in+Rwanda%E2%80%94American+Was+Expert+on+Mountain+Gorillas%3B+Assailants+Hunted&rft.date=1985-12-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1985-12-29-mn-25922-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNienaber2006" class="citation news cs1">Nienaber, Georgianne (April 14, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707165431/http://www.articlesengine.com/Article/In-Search-of-Dian-Fossey-s-Ghost--a--Gorillas-in-the-Mist--Pilgrimage/3214/1">"In Search of Dian Fossey's Ghost: a "Gorillas in the Mist" Pilgrimage"</a>. articlesengine.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.articlesengine.com/Article/In-Search-of-Dian-Fossey-s-Ghost--a--Gorillas-in-the-Mist--Pilgrimage/3214/1">the original</a> on July 7, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+Search+of+Dian+Fossey%27s+Ghost%3A+a+%22Gorillas+in+the+Mist%22+Pilgrimage&rft.date=2006-04-14&rft.aulast=Nienaber&rft.aufirst=Georgianne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.articlesengine.com%2FArticle%2FIn-Search-of-Dian-Fossey-s-Ghost--a--Gorillas-in-the-Mist--Pilgrimage%2F3214%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gorillafund.org/travel">"Visit Gorillas – The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160326064641/http://gorillafund.org/travel">Archived</a> from the original on March 26, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Visit+Gorillas+%E2%80%93+The+Dian+Fossey+Gorilla+Fund+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgorillafund.org%2Ftravel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gorillafund.org/ellencampus/">"The Ellen DeGeneres Campus of the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund"</a>. <i>Dian Fossey</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Gorillas+in+the+Mist+%E2%80%93+The+Story+of+Dian+Fossey&rft.date=1987-12-31&rft.au=Variety+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvariety.com%2F1987%2Ffilm%2Freviews%2Fgorillas-in-the-mist-the-story-of-dian-fossey-1200427577%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRule1988" class="citation news cs1">Rule, Sheila (September 18, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/18/movies/luring-apes-from-mist-to-movies.html">"Luring Apes From Mist To Movies"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201113060910/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/18/movies/luring-apes-from-mist-to-movies.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Luring+Apes+From+Mist+To+Movies&rft.date=1988-09-18&rft.aulast=Rule&rft.aufirst=Sheila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F09%2F18%2Fmovies%2Fluring-apes-from-mist-to-movies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNienaber2009" class="citation news cs1">Nienaber, Georgianne (September 28, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffpost.com/entry/did-margaret-atwoods-sain_b_301686">"Did Margaret Atwood's "Saint Dian Fossey" Predict Current Atrocities in Congo?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Did+Margaret+Atwood%27s+%22Saint+Dian+Fossey%22+Predict+Current+Atrocities+in+Congo%3F&rft.date=2009-09-28&rft.aulast=Nienaber&rft.aufirst=Georgianne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Fdid-margaret-atwoods-sain_b_301686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.natgeotv.com/za/shows/natgeo/dian-fossey-secrets-in-the-mist#synopsis">"National Geographic Dian Fossey: Secrets In The Mist"</a>. <i>National Geographic TV</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190703005042/https://www.natgeotv.com/za/shows/natgeo/dian-fossey-secrets-in-the-mist">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 26,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+TV&rft.atitle=National+Geographic+Dian+Fossey%3A+Secrets+In+The+Mist&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.natgeotv.com%2Fza%2Fshows%2Fnatgeo%2Fdian-fossey-secrets-in-the-mist%23synopsis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFowler2019" class="citation book cs1">Fowler, John (June 11, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=T4nIuwEACAAJ"><i>A Forest in the Clouds</i></a>. Pegasus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781643131412" title="Special:BookSources/9781643131412"><bdi>9781643131412</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124204258/https://books.google.com/books?id=T4nIuwEACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Forest+in+the+Clouds&rft.pub=Pegasus+Books&rft.date=2019-06-11&rft.isbn=9781643131412&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DT4nIuwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMowat" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Farley_Mowat" title="Farley Mowat">Mowat, Farley</a> (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womaninmists00mowa"><i>Woman in the Mists: The Story of Dian Fossey and the Mountain Gorillas of Africa</i></a></span>. New York, NY: Warner Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womaninmists00mowa/page/380">380</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-446-51360-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-446-51360-1"><bdi>0-446-51360-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woman+in+the+Mists%3A+The+Story+of+Dian+Fossey+and+the+Mountain+Gorillas+of+Africa&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=380&rft.pub=Warner+Books&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=0-446-51360-1&rft.aulast=Mowat&rft.aufirst=Farley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomaninmists00mowa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery" class="citation book cs1">Montgomery, Sy (1991). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/walkingwithgreat00mont/page/280"><i>Walking with the Great Apes</i></a></span>. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/walkingwithgreat00mont/page/280">280</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0395515971" title="Special:BookSources/0395515971"><bdi>0395515971</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walking+with+the+Great+Apes&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA&rft.pages=280&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Co&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0395515971&rft.aulast=Montgomery&rft.aufirst=Sy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwalkingwithgreat00mont%2Fpage%2F280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADian+Fossey" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dian_Fossey&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0287638/">Dian Fossey</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gorillafund.org/">Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ippl.org/">International Primate Protection League</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080701214434/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2008/07/archive/fossey-gorillas-1970/dian-fossey-text">Fossey's first article for National Geographic, 1970</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725024934/http://labanimals.awionline.org/pubs/Quarterly/Fall2001/fossey.htm">Murder in the Mist solved? Animal Welfare Institute Quarterly</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/georgianne-nienaber/fox-owned-inational-geogr_b_112699.html">This article gives some information about the degradation of Dian's relationship with National Geographic Society prior to her death</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/resources/1089">Dian Fossey papers</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Smith_Collection" title="Sophia Smith Collection">Sophia Smith Collection</a>, Smith College Special Collections</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apes242" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apes" title="Template:Apes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apes" title="Template talk:Apes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apes242" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ape" title="Ape">Apes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hominoids" title="List of hominoids">Extant<br /> ape species</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Human</a> (<i>H. sapiens</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" title="Pan (genus)">Pan</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonobo" title="Bonobo">Bonobo</a> (<i>P. paniscus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">Chimpanzee</a> (<i>P. troglodytes</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">Gorilla</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_gorilla" title="Eastern gorilla">Eastern gorilla</a> (<i>G. beringei</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_gorilla" title="Western gorilla">Western gorilla</a> (<i>G. gorilla</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">Orangutan</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_orangutan" title="Sumatran orangutan">Sumatran orangutan</a> (<i>P. abelii</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_orangutan" title="Bornean orangutan">Bornean orangutan</a> (<i>P. pygmaeus</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapanuli_orangutan" title="Tapanuli orangutan">Tapanuli orangutan</a> (<i>P. tapanuliensis</i>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbon" title="Gibbon">Gibbon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">family</a>: Hylobatidae)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg/100px-Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="47" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg/150px-Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg/200px-Evidence_as_to_Man%27s_Place_in_Naturep2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1509" data-file-height="706" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Study of apes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_ape_language" title="Great ape language">Great ape language</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dian Fossey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birut%C4%97_Galdikas" title="Birutė Galdikas">Birutė Galdikas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee_genome_project" title="Chimpanzee genome project">Chimpanzee genome project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Project" title="Human Genome Project">Human Genome Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladys_Kalema-Zikusoka" title="Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka">Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neanderthal_genome_project" title="Neanderthal genome project">Neanderthal genome project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Smits" title="Willie Smits">Willie Smits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Dr%C3%B8scher_Nielsen" title="Lone Drøscher Nielsen">Lone Drøscher Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Redmond" title="Ian Redmond">Ian Redmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Elgin Center">Elgin Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ape_Cognition_and_Conservation_Initiative" title="Ape Cognition and Conservation Initiative">Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_Orangutan_Survival" title="Borneo Orangutan Survival">Borneo Orangutan Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_archaeology" title="Primate archaeology">Primate archaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Primate#Legal_and_social_status" title="Primate">Legal and<br />social status</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_ape_personhood" title="Great ape personhood">Personhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Countries_banning_non-human_ape_experimentation" title="Countries banning non-human ape experimentation">Research ban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa_Declaration_on_Great_Apes" title="Kinshasa Declaration on Great Apes">Kinshasa Declaration on Great Apes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Ape_Project" title="Great Ape Project">Great Ape Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Apes_Survival_Partnership" title="Great Apes Survival Partnership">Great Apes Survival Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Primate_Day" title="International Primate Day">International Primate Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonhuman_Rights_Project" title="Nonhuman Rights Project">Nonhuman Rights Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_apes" title="List of individual apes">List of individual apes</a> (non-human)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space" title="Monkeys and apes in space">Apes in space</a> (non-human)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigfoot" title="Bigfoot">Bigfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushmeat" title="Bushmeat">Bushmeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor">Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorilla%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Gorilla–human last common ancestor">Gorilla–human last common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangutan%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Orangutan–human last common ancestor">Orangutan–human last common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibbon%E2%80%93human_last_common_ancestor" title="Gibbon–human last common ancestor">Gibbon–human last common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_primates" title="List of fictional primates">List of fictional primates</a> (non-human)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Great apes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_evolution" title="Human evolution">Human evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_Day" title="Monkey Day">Monkey Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythic_humanoids" title="Mythic humanoids">Mythic humanoids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeren" title="Yeren">Yeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeti" title="Yeti">Yeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yowie" title="Yowie">Yowie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Apes" title="Category:Apes">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethology159" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethology" title="Template:Ethology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethology" title="Template talk:Ethology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethology159" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethology" title="Ethology">Ethology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Branches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_cognition" title="Animal cognition">Animal cognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_communication" title="Animal communication">Animal communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_consciousness" title="Animal consciousness">Animal consciousness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_culture" title="Animal culture">Animal culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_sexual_behaviour" title="Animal sexual behaviour">Animal sexual behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_welfare_science" title="Animal welfare science">Animal welfare science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthrozoology" title="Anthrozoology">Anthrozoology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bee_learning_and_communication" title="Bee learning and communication">Bee learning and communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_ecology" title="Behavioral ecology">Behavioural ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_endocrinology" title="Behavioral endocrinology">Behavioral endocrinology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavioural_genetics" title="Behavioural genetics">Behavioural genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breed" title="Breed">Breed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_ethology" title="Cognitive ethology">Cognitive ethology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfort_behaviour_in_animals" title="Comfort behaviour in animals">Comfort behaviour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_grooming" title="Personal grooming">Grooming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_psychology" title="Comparative psychology">Comparative psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emotion_in_animals" title="Emotion in animals">Emotion in animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethogram" title="Ethogram">Ethogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_neuroscience" title="Evolutionary neuroscience">Evolutionary neuroscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feeding_behaviours" title="List of feeding behaviours">Feeding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hover_(behaviour)" title="Hover (behaviour)">Hover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_ethology" title="Human ethology">Human ethology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instinct" title="Instinct">Instinct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Learning" title="Learning">Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroethology" title="Neuroethology">Neuroethology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_in_animals" title="Pain in animals">Pain in animals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophical_ethology" title="Philosophical ethology">Philosophical ethology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociobiology" title="Sociobiology">Sociobiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypy_(non-human)" title="Stereotypy (non-human)">Stereotypy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structures_built_by_animals" title="Structures built by animals">Structures</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beehive" title="Beehive">Hive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeycomb_structure" title="Honeycomb structure">Honeycomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nest" title="Nest">Nest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesting_instinct" title="Nesting instinct">Instinct</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarm_behaviour" title="Swarm behaviour">Swarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tool_use_by_non-humans" title="Tool use by non-humans">Tool use by non-humans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoosemiotics" title="Zoosemiotics">Zoosemiotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoomusicology" title="Zoomusicology">Zoomusicology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethologists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bateson" title="Patrick Bateson">Patrick Bateson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Bekoff" title="Marc Bekoff">Marc Bekoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Broom" title="Donald Broom">Donald Broom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Calhoun" title="John B. Calhoun">John B. Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Dawkins" title="Marian Dawkins">Marian Dawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iren%C3%A4us_Eibl-Eibesfeldt" title="Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt">Irenäus Eibl-Eibesfeldt</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dian Fossey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Frisch" title="Karl von Frisch">Karl von Frisch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heini_Hediger" title="Heini Hediger">Heini Hediger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Huxley" title="Julian Huxley">Julian Huxley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konrad_Lorenz" title="Konrad Lorenz">Konrad Lorenz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Morris" title="Desmond Morris">Desmond Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sebeok" title="Thomas Sebeok">Thomas Sebeok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Homan_Thorpe" title="William Homan Thorpe">William Homan Thorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaas_Tinbergen" title="Nikolaas Tinbergen">Nikolaas Tinbergen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_von_Uexk%C3%BCll" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakob von Uexküll">Jakob von Uexküll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Wickler" title="Wolfgang Wickler">Wolfgang Wickler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._O._Wilson" title="E. O. Wilson">E. O. Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solly_Zuckerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Solly Zuckerman">Solly Zuckerman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Societies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Study_of_Animal_Behaviour" title="Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour">Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Society_for_Applied_Ethology" title="International Society for Applied Ethology">International Society for Applied Ethology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Journals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Behaviour_(journal)" title="Animal Behaviour (journal)">Animal Behaviour</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Cognition" title="Animal Cognition">Animal Cognition</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Animal_Welfare_(journal)" title="Animal Welfare (journal)">Animal Welfare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_Ecology_(journal)" title="Behavioral Ecology (journal)">Behavioral Ecology</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Behaviour_(journal)" title="Behaviour (journal)">Behaviour</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ethology" title="Category:Ethology">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extant_species_of_family_Hominidae_(great_apes)344" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hominidae_nav" title="Template:Hominidae nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hominidae_nav" title="Template talk:Hominidae nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hominidae_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hominidae nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Extant_species_of_family_Hominidae_(great_apes)344" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant species of family <a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Hominidae <small>(great apes)</small></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li>Phylum: <a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li> <li>Class: <a href="/wiki/Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li> <li>Order: <a href="/wiki/Primate" title="Primate">Primates</a></li> <li>Suborder: <a href="/wiki/Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Hominidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pongo(Orangutans)91" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em"><i><a href="/wiki/Orangutan" title="Orangutan">Pongo</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969">(Orangutans)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sumatran_orangutan" title="Sumatran orangutan">Sumatran orangutan (<i>P. abelii</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornean_orangutan" title="Bornean orangutan">Bornean orangutan (<i>P. pygmaeus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapanuli_orangutan" title="Tapanuli orangutan">Tapanuli orangutan (<i>P. tapanuliensis</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em"><i><a href="/wiki/Gorilla" title="Gorilla">Gorilla</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969">(Gorillas)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_gorilla" title="Eastern gorilla">Eastern gorilla (<i>G. beringei</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_gorilla" title="Western gorilla">Western gorilla (<i>G. gorilla</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em"><a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" title="Pan (genus)">Pan</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969"></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonobo" title="Bonobo">Bonobo (<i>P. paniscus</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimpanzee" title="Chimpanzee">Chimpanzee (<i>P. troglodytes</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Homo" title="Homo">Homo</a></i><br /><small><span style="color:#696969">(Humans)</span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Human (<i>H. sapiens</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-675dcd9464-8vc5n","wgBackendResponseTime":174,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.045","walltime":"1.330","ppvisitednodes":{"value":8163,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":211122,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8316,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":11,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":277973,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1157.820 1 -total"," 27.41% 317.326 1 Template:Reflist"," 15.12% 175.052 1 Template:Infobox_scientist"," 12.65% 146.502 13 Template:Cite_book"," 8.78% 101.698 7 Template:Navbox"," 7.78% 90.116 25 Template:Cite_web"," 6.99% 80.988 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.49% 75.160 1 Template:Apes"," 6.46% 74.838 18 Template:Cite_news"," 4.66% 53.911 12 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scientist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 1,\n [\"OCLC\"] = 2,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Ublist\"] = 3,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n [\"When\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7dfdf5498-n5djh","timestamp":"20250220113556","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Dian Fossey","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dian_Fossey","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q234224","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q234224","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-01-12T16:50:33Z","dateModified":"2025-02-09T12:29:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/b\/b9\/Dian_Fossey.jpg","headline":"American zoologist, gorilla researcher (1932-1985)"}</script> </body> </html>