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Teodor Filipović - Wikipedia

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class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teodor_Filipovi%C4%87&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Teodor Filipović was born in the town of <a href="/wiki/Ruma" title="Ruma">Ruma</a> in <a href="/wiki/Srem" class="mw-redirect" title="Srem">Srem</a>, then part of the territories of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> dynasty, in 1778. He attended schools in <a href="/wiki/Sopron" title="Sopron">Sopron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Szeged" title="Szeged">Segedin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pozun" class="mw-redirect" title="Pozun">Pozun</a> and studied law at the University of <a href="/wiki/Pest,_Hungary" title="Pest, Hungary">Pest</a>. After graduation, he was appointed professor of law history at the University of <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkov</a> in <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial Russia">Imperial Russia</a> in 1803. In 1805 he took the <i><a href="/wiki/Nom_de_guerre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nom de guerre">nom de guerre</a></i> of Božidar Grujović before leaving his post as a university professor to go to <a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91e%27s_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Karađorđe&#39;s Serbia">Karađorđe's Serbia</a> to fight the Turks. He was the first secretary of Serbia's Governing Council, and <a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91e" title="Karađorđe">Karađorđe</a>'s legal counsellor, who helped establish a centralized constitutional civil government (which lasted until 1813). Other educators, Mihajlo Grujović (brother of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Teodor Filipović</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Jugovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Jugović">Ivan Jugović</a>, came to take the post of secretaries of <a href="/wiki/Kara%C4%91or%C4%91e" title="Karađorđe">Karađorđe</a>'s Governing State Council after Filipović died in 1807. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/First_Serbian_Uprising" title="First Serbian Uprising">First Serbian Uprising</a> in 1804, this lawyer from <a href="/wiki/Ruma" title="Ruma">Ruma</a> (then ruled by <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>), who received his <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctor of law">doctor of law</a> degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Budapest" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Budapest">University of Budapest</a> and for a while taught <a href="/wiki/History_of_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Law">History of Law</a> with his fellow Serbs, law professor <a href="/wiki/Gligorije_Trlajic" title="Gligorije Trlajic">Gligorije Trlajić</a> and physicist Atanasije Stojković at the new <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Kharkiv">Imperial Kharkov University</a> (founded by <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Karazin" title="Vasily Karazin">Vasily Karazin</a> and established in 1804 by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Alexander I of Russia</a>), joined his compatriots in <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> in their fight for independence. The shock of that seizure had salutary results in Serbia, for it called into existence a widespread spirit of patriotism, especially among the youth. Education was fostered, and an enlightened parliament began to prepare a new constitution that should rid the obstructive Turkish ways. Religious toleration and the equality of all citizens before the law were proposed. In Belgrade in 1805 Grujović (Filipović) wrote the Decree of the Governing Council (<i>Praviteljstvujušči sovjet</i> as it was called in Serbian) and <i>Slovo</i> (Speech), a Serbian version of the French <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_Citizen_of_1793" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1793">Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1793</a>. It addressed the many unresolved questions plaguing Serbia and its people (who had enough of Turkish rule), such as issues concerning <a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">liberty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Property" title="Property">property</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Human_dignity" class="mw-redirect" title="Human dignity">human dignity</a>. Grujović stood passionately for <a href="/wiki/Legality" title="Legality">legality</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a>. The foundation of his <a href="/wiki/Decree" title="Decree">decree</a> (and its laws) was based on democratic and liberal ideas of <a href="/wiki/Rationalism" title="Rationalism">rationalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Justice" title="Justice">justice</a>. Grujović may also be credited for setting the bed stones of <a href="/wiki/Constitutionality" title="Constitutionality">constitutionality</a> during the resurrection of the Serbian state. He is, therefore, justifiably referred to as the first Serbian constitution maker. Grujević's principal stand was that there could be no freedom without economic independence while stressing the importance of education for everyone. He was <a href="/wiki/Dositej_Obradovi%C4%87" title="Dositej Obradović">Dositej Obradović</a>'s most ardent supporter when Dositej advocated agricultural development based on the use of modern technology. Filipović was part of a group of Serbian economic thinkers (such as Dositej Obradović, <a href="/wiki/Zaharije_Orfelin" title="Zaharije Orfelin">Zaharije Orfelin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jovan_Mu%C5%A1katirovi%C4%87" title="Jovan Muškatirović">Jovan Muškatirović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Jugovi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Jugović">Ivan Jugović</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pavle_Solari%C4%87" title="Pavle Solarić">Pavle Solarić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emanuilo_Jankovi%C4%87" title="Emanuilo Janković">Emanuilo Janković</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atanasije_Stojkovi%C4%87" title="Atanasije Stojković">Atanasije Stojković</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vi%C4%87entije_Raki%C4%87" title="Vićentije Rakić">Vićentije Rakić</a> and others) who supported the <a href="/wiki/Cameralist" class="mw-redirect" title="Cameralist">cameralist</a> principles of rational economic conduct and the development of new sciences and methodologies. </p><p>Grujović wrote: <i>Gdi nema slobode, tu nema života</i> (Where there is no freedom; there is no life). </p><p>Grujović died of <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> at <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> in 1807. </p><p>His younger brother, Mihailo Filipović (1780-after 1815), also taught at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kharkiv" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Kharkiv">University of Kharkov</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teodor_Filipovi%C4%87&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gligorije_Trlajic" title="Gligorije Trlajic">Gligorije Trlajić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atanasije_Stojkovi%C4%87" title="Atanasije Stojković">Atanasije Stojković</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasily_Karazin" title="Vasily Karazin">Vasily Karazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Dudrovich" title="Andrej Dudrovich">Andrej Dudrovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Serbian_Revolutionaries" title="List of Serbian Revolutionaries">List of Serbian Revolutionaries</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teodor_Filipovi%C4%87&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yurope.com/zines/republika/arhiva/2001/252/252_30.html">Ко је Божидар Грујовић („Република“, бр. 252–253, 2001. год.)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">одломци из дела Милован Ристић: Устанички законописац Теодор Филиповић (Божидар Грујовић), Просвета, Београд 1953.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPattaroRoversi2016" class="citation book cs1">Pattaro, Enrico; Roversi, Corrado (13 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tT2sDAAAQBAJ&amp;q=serbian+legal+philosophers&amp;pg=PA653"><i>A Treatise of Legal Philosophy and General Jurisprudence: Volume 12 Legal Philosophy in the Twentieth Century: The Civil Law World, Tome 1: Language Areas, Tome 2: Main Orientations and Topics</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789400714793" title="Special:BookSources/9789400714793"><bdi>9789400714793</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Treatise+of+Legal+Philosophy+and+General+Jurisprudence%3A+Volume+12+Legal+Philosophy+in+the+Twentieth+Century%3A+The+Civil+Law+World%2C+Tome+1%3A+Language+Areas%2C+Tome+2%3A+Main+Orientations+and+Topics&amp;rft.date=2016-07-13&amp;rft.isbn=9789400714793&amp;rft.aulast=Pattaro&amp;rft.aufirst=Enrico&amp;rft.au=Roversi%2C+Corrado&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtT2sDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dserbian%2Blegal%2Bphilosophers%26pg%3DPA653&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATeodor+Filipovi%C4%87" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>G. Vukadinović, <i>Shvatanje prirodnog prava Božidara Grujovića</i> [B. Grujović's Notion of Natural Law] in <i>Pola veka nauke i tehnike u obnovljenoj Srbiji 1804–1854</i> (Kragujevac, 1996), pages 79–83. </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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