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category-news"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title">国际半导体遭遇寒冬中国存储方队逆势扩张</h1> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="single-content"> <div class="ad-pc ad-site"></div> <p>　　在中美贸易摩擦有所缓和之际，日前紫光集团宣布组建DRAM集团，让市场注意力集中到国内存储器布局上。当前国际存储寡头垄断的格局下，国内存储方队既要面对技术、团队等方面的叠代差距，又要面对当前国际半导体市场势弱，存储大幅降价的风险，迎难而上，逆势扩张。</p> <p>　　国际半导体产业降温</p> <p>　　6月30日晚间，紫光集团宣布了组建DRAM事业群的计划，并配套部署人事安排，深化和完善紫光集团“从芯到云”产业链的建设。而如果放眼国际，此时紫光集团布局DRAM可谓迎难而上，逆势扩张。</p> <p>　　据美国半导体行业协会官网最新统计，5月全球半导体销售额为331亿美元，同比2018年同期减少14.6%，环比4月有所少量增长;而且相比去年同期，全球所有区域市场的半导体销售均出现下降，其中美洲下降最多，达到27.9%，日本下降13.6%，中国下降9.8%，亚太其他地区下降12.6%。</p> <p>　　美国半导体行业协会总裁兼首席执行官约翰·诺伊弗表示：“全球半导体销售额今年5月没有达到去年同月的销售额，这是连续第五个月出现同比负增长。”今年存储器可谓遭遇“寒冬”。其中DRAM(动态随机存取存储器)虽然位居半导体存储领域市占率第一的地位，2017年迎来销售环比大增，但今年情况发生逆转。</p> <p>　　TrendForce旗下内存储存研究已连续指出，受到美国禁用华为事件持续发酵，华为智能型手机以及服务器产品在未来的两至三个季度可能将持续遭受严重的出货阻碍，下半年DRAM产品的旺季需求将遭受冲击，行业见底时间或延长。</p> <p>　　据预测，第三季DRAM价格展望跌幅由原先预估的10%将扩大至10%到15%。考虑国际存储三家大厂的竞争态势，加上DRAM制程技术已经面临物理极限，预估DRAM价格要跌破供货商的生产总成本可能性极低，但是，中美贸易战升温恐使得今年下半年需求急冻，不确定性氛围提高使得数据中心的资本支出放缓，在今年年底前，体质较弱的DRAM供货商恐怕将遭受库存损失，财务报表可能转亏;预计DRAM价格可能将到2020年有机会出现止跌回升。</p> <p>　　国际存储巨头的情况也不容乐观，虽然占据了全球90%以上的DRAM市场份额，但营收普遍下滑。据统计，今年一季度，龙头公司三星受到报价下跌影响，营收较上季下滑26.3%;而SK海力士的营收位出货下滑约8%，第一季营收较上季衰退31.7%;美光营收也下滑了约三成。台系厂商也不容乐观。南亚科第一季营收位出货下跌超过20%，营业利益率几乎减半;力晶科技生产的标准型DRAM产品第一季出货量上升，带动营收逆势成长5.7%，涵盖DRAM代工业务，营收则下滑近15%。</p> <p>　　国内企业逆势扩展</p> <p>　　国金证券分析师樊志远在研报中指出，今年一季度后，存储器大厂处于高成本库存，导致二季度、三季度运营成本高于市场预期;预计全球存储器行业今年衰退30%～35%，牵动全球半导体衰退14%。</p> <p>　　在此背景下，国内主要存储方队选择了逆势布局。本次紫光集团组建的DRAM事业部，紫光集团表示这标志着集团DRAM战略正式起航，将进一步拓宽在存储器领域的相关布局。人事配备上，委任刁石京为紫光集团DRAM事业群董事长，高启全担任紫光集团DRAM事业群CEO。其中，刁石京曾担任工信部电子信息司司长等职位;高启全现担任紫光集团全球执行副总裁、长江存储执行董事及代行董事长、武汉新芯CEO，有“台湾存储教父”之称。</p> <p>　　经过多年的发展，紫光集团在存储器的设计制造领域已形成一定基础，积累了从设计、生产、测试、方案构建到全球量产销售等研发和产业化经验。在DRAM领域，紫光旗下西安紫光国芯自主创新出全球首系列内嵌自检测修复DRAM存储器产品;开发的存储器芯片产品中有二十余款产品实现全球量产和销售。</p> <p>　　另外，在3D NAND闪存领域，紫光旗下长江存储成功研发并已小批量生产了32层3D NAND闪存芯片，其创新的Xtacking TM技术，实现了3D NAND闪存芯片结构的历史性突破。紫光集团表示，基于西安紫光国芯和长江存储的成功经验，集团正探索出一条存储器设计制造的产业发展之路。</p> <p>　　芯谋研究首席分析师顾文军指出，相对而言，DRAM更加成熟、高度集中和更加“标准”的产业特性，做DRAM的难度要远超NAND Flash。任何新进入者都面临着技术来源、团队、专业化运营和成本的几大难题。目前来看，中国大陆做DRAM的几家都没有全面解决上述问题;晋华去年的被禁，就是一个警示。</p> <p>　　国内存储产业原为三大阵营，分别是紫光集团旗下长江存储，以及合肥长鑫与晋华集成。但是去年10月美国商务部以国家安全为由，对晋华集成实施出口管制，并列入出口管制“实体清单”。</p> <p>　　由兆易创新、合肥产投等投资的长鑫存储，目前来看进展相对顺利，预期最快将于今年底或明年初进入量产。据报道，长鑫存储通过购买奇梦达专利部分解决了知识产权问题。</p> <p>　　对于如何避免类似晋华事件发生，集邦咨询研究副总经理郭祚荣据记者表示，只要保证技术来源没问题，列入实体列表机率就低了;而无论是NAND还是DRAM，发展难度都不低，本轮逆势扩张取决于国家是否支持。</p> <p>　　集邦咨询指出，紫光并非首次计划进军DRAM产业，早在2014年期间紫光就曾表达出研发DRAM的决心，但当时为了平衡产业与地方发展，确立紫光发展NAND Flash的路线，DRAM研发之路无疾而终。</p> <p>　　此次紫光集团重返DRAM研发之路，除了晋华事件影响外，还有产业布局考虑。合肥长鑫5月在上海参加全球半导体联盟存储器论坛时，预计今年底量产8Gb的DRAM产品，但仅有一家正在进行的DRAM厂对中国自主开发DRAM产品的目标是不够的。目前紫光欠缺的是DRAM的制程技术，这部分预计可望借由其新任CEO的业界人脉进行补强。</p> <p>　　国产化机遇</p> <p>　　从政策方面，国家对集成电路产业的重视可见一斑。6月14日晚间，证监会同意科创板IPO注册，华兴源创、睿创微纳两家集成电路企业拔头筹;另外，科创板申请企业中，还有专注于企业级光存储解决方案的紫晶存储，目前在接受科创板第三轮问询。</p> <p>　　5月份，财政部、税务总局发布公告有关企业所得税政策中，集成电路企业获扶持。</p> <p>　　资本市场也在孕育半导体国产化机遇。以太极实业为例，2018年6月传闻落地，国家集成电路产业基金(以下简称“大基金”)受让控股股东6.17%股份，成为上市公司第二大股东。此后，太极实业屡次揽获半导体工程承包订单，包括“中国大陆半导体之父”张汝京所创办的青岛芯恩工程总承包订单。</p> <p>　　除了建造，半导体关键材料、设备也存在机遇。据介绍，目前各类关键工艺设备国产化差异大，CMP、PVD、刻蚀、清洗设备、热处理的国产化率处于10%～30%，而量测、光刻等设备全部依赖进口。</p> <p>　　郭祚荣向记者表示，随着紫光进一步加码存储产业，对半导体设备国产化将会产生助益，关键在于国产设备能否满足相关条件。</p> </div> <div class="ad-pc ad-site"> </div> <div class="clear"></div> <div id="social"> <div class="social-main"> <span class="like"> <a href="javascript:;" data-action="ding" data-id="602682" title="我赞" class="favorite"><i class="fa fa-thumbs-up"></i>赞 <i class="count"> 0</i> </a> </span> <span class="shang-p"> <span class="tipso_style" id="tip-p" data-tipso=' <div id="shang"> <div class="shang-main"> <h4><i class="fa fa-heart" aria-hidden="true"></i> 欢迎加入电子技术交流群群号码：723479914</h4> <div class="shang-img"> <img src="https://news.eeany.cn/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/IC代理现货企业群群聊二维码.png" /> <h4>IC元器件采购群</h4> </div> <div 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