CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Rajni Chahal</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Rajni Chahal"> <meta name="keywords" content="Rajni Chahal"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Rajni Chahal" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Rajni Chahal"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 20</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Rajni Chahal</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Radiation Effect on MHD Casson Fluid Flow over a Power-Law Stretching Sheet with Chemical Reaction</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Motahar%20Reza">Motahar Reza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Chahal"> Rajni Chahal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neha%20Sharma"> Neha Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article addresses the boundary layer flow and heat transfer of Casson fluid over a nonlinearly permeable stretching surface with chemical reaction in the presence of variable magnetic field. The effect of thermal radiation is considered to control the rate of heat transfer at the surface. Using similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations of this problem are reduced into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations which are solved by finite difference method. It is observed that the velocity at fixed point decreases with increasing the nonlinear stretching parameter but the temperature increases with nonlinear stretching parameter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20layer%20flow" title="boundary layer flow">boundary layer flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20stretching" title=" nonlinear stretching"> nonlinear stretching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Casson%20fluid" title=" Casson fluid"> Casson fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation" title=" radiation"> radiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46451/radiation-effect-on-mhd-casson-fluid-flow-over-a-power-law-stretching-sheet-with-chemical-reaction" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46451.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Extraction of Squalene from Lebanese Olive Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Henri%20El%20Zakhem">Henri El Zakhem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christina%20Romanos"> Christina Romanos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charlie%20Bakhos"> Charlie Bakhos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Chahal"> Hassan Chahal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessica%20Koura"> Jessica Koura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Squalene is a valuable component of the oil composed of 30 carbon atoms and is mainly used for cosmetic materials. The main concern of this article is to study the Squalene composition in the Lebanese olive oil and to compare it with foreign oil results. To our knowledge, extraction of Squalene from the Lebanese olive oil has not been conducted before. Three different techniques were studied and experiments were performed on three brands of olive oil, Al Wadi Al Akhdar, Virgo Bio and Boulos. The techniques performed are the Fractional Crystallization, the Soxhlet and the Esterification. By comparing the results, it is found that the Lebanese oil contains squalene and Soxhlet method is the most effective between the three methods extracting about 6.5E-04 grams of Squalene per grams of olive oil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=squalene" title="squalene">squalene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title=" extraction"> extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystallization" title=" crystallization"> crystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soxhlet" title=" Soxhlet"> Soxhlet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15134/extraction-of-squalene-from-lebanese-olive-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">519</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> A Review of Quantitative Psychology in Our Life</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shubham%20Tandon">Shubham Tandon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Goel"> Rajni Goel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prime objective of our review paper is to study the quantitative psychology impact on our daily life. Quantitative techniques have been studied with the aim of discovering solutions in an advanced way. To get the unbiased and correct results, statistics and other useful mathematical aspects have been reviewed. So, many psychologists use quantitative techniques while working in the area of psychology with the aim of discovering solutions in an advanced way. This ensures their accurate outcomes as those will make use of precise criteria in knowing the minds and conditions of any person. Also, proper experimentation and observational tools are taken care of to avoid some possibilities of invalid data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20psychology" title="quantitative psychology">quantitative psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychologists" title=" psychologists"> psychologists</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistics" title=" statistics"> statistics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=person" title=" person"> person</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=results" title=" results"> results</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minds" title=" minds"> minds</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155333/a-review-of-quantitative-psychology-in-our-life" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Carbon Nanofibers Reinforced P(VdF-HFP) Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium-Ion Battery Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjan%20Sil">Anjan Sil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Sharma"> Rajni Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Subrata%20Ray"> Subrata Ray</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on the electrical properties of Poly(vinylidene ﬂuoride-hexaﬂuoropropylene) (P(VdF-HFP)) based gel polymer electrolytes has been investigated in the present work. The length and diameter ranges of CNFs used in the present work are 5-50 µm and 200-600 nm, respectively. The nanocomposite gel polymer electrolytes have been synthesized by solution casting technique with varying CNFs content in terms of weight percentage. Electrochemical impedance analysis demonstrates that the reinforcement of carbon nanofibers significantly enhances the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte. The decrease of crystallinity of P(VdF-HFP) due the addition of CNFs has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The interaction of CNFs with various constituents of nanocomposite gel polymer electrolytes has been assessed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Moreover, CNFs added gel polymer electrolytes offer superior thermal stability as compared to that of CNFs free electrolytes as confirmed by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20electrolytes" title="polymer electrolytes">polymer electrolytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CNFs" title=" CNFs"> CNFs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20conductivity" title=" ionic conductivity"> ionic conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TGA" title=" TGA"> TGA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33161/carbon-nanofibers-reinforced-pvdf-hfp-based-gel-polymer-electrolyte-for-lithium-ion-battery-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Synthesis of Magnetic Chitosan Beads and Its Cross-Linked Derivatives for Sorption of Zinc Ions from Water Samples of Yamuna and Hindon Rivers in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priti%20Rani">Priti Rani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Johar"> Rajni Johar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20S.%20Jassal"> P. S. Jassal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The magnetic chitosan beads (MCB) were synthesized using co-precipitation method and made to react with epichlorohydrin (ECH) to get the cross-linked derivative (ECH-MCB). The beads were characterized by FTIR, SEM, EDX, and TGA. It is found that zinc metal ion sorption efficiency of ECH-MCB is significantly higher than MCB. Various factors affecting the uptake behavior of metal ions, such as pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature effects, were investigated. The adsorption parameters fitted well with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The equilibrium parameter RL values support that the adsorption (0 < RL < 1) is favorable and spontaneous process. The thermodynamic parameters confirm that it is an endothermic reaction, which results in an increase in the randomness of adsorption process. The beads were regenerated using ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) for further use. These beads prove as promising materials for the removal of pollutants from industrial wastewater. Water samples from Yamuna and Hindon rivers were analysed for the detection of Zn (II) ions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan%20magnetic%20beads" title="chitosan magnetic beads">chitosan magnetic beads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EDTA" title=" EDTA"> EDTA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epichlorohydrin" title=" epichlorohydrin"> epichlorohydrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=removal%20efficiency" title=" removal efficiency"> removal efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129691/synthesis-of-magnetic-chitosan-beads-and-its-cross-linked-derivatives-for-sorption-of-zinc-ions-from-water-samples-of-yamuna-and-hindon-rivers-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129691.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> A Study of Anthraquinone Dye Removal by Using Chitosan Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pyar%20S.%20Jassal">Pyar S. Jassal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sonal%20Gupta"> Sonal Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neema%20Chand"> Neema Chand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Johar"> Rajni Johar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In present study, Low molecular weight chitosan naoparticles (LMWCNP) were synthesized by using low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) and sodium tripolyphosphate for the adsorption of anthraquinone dyes from waste water. The ionic-gel technique was used for this purpose. Size of nanoparticles was determined by “Scherrer equation”. The absorbance was carried out with UV-visible spectrophotometer for Acid Green 25 (AG25) and Reactive Blue 4 (RB4) dyes solutions at λmax 644 and λmax 598 nm respectively. The removal of dyes was dependent on the pH and the optimum adsorption was between pH 2 to 9. The extraction of dyes was linearly dependent on temperature. The equilibrium parameters, RL was calculated by using the Langmuir isotherm and shows that adsorption of dyes is favorable on the LMWCNP. The XRD images of LMWC show a crystalline nature whereas LMWCNP is amorphous one. The thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that LMWCNP thermally more stable than LMWC. As the contact time increases, percentage removal of Acid Green 25 and Reactive Blue 4 dyes also increases. TEM images reveal the size of the LMWCNP were in the range of 45-50 nm. The capacity of AG25 dye on LMWC was 5.23 mg/g, it compared with LMWCNP capacity which was 6.83 mg/g respectively. The capacity of RB4 dye on LMWC was 2.30 mg/g and 2.34 mg/g was on LMWCNP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20molecular%20weight%20chitosan%20nanoparticles" title="low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles">low molecular weight chitosan nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthraquinone%20dye" title=" anthraquinone dye"> anthraquinone dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=removal%20efficiency" title=" removal efficiency"> removal efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption%20isotherm" title=" adsorption isotherm"> adsorption isotherm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108974/a-study-of-anthraquinone-dye-removal-by-using-chitosan-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Removal of Pb(II) Ions from Wastewater Using Magnetic Chitosan–Ethylene Glycol Diglycidyl Ether Beads as Adsorbent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pyar%20Singh%20Jassal">Pyar Singh Jassal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priti%20Rani"> Priti Rani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Johar"> Rajni Johar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The adsorption of Pb(II) ions from wastewater using ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether cross-linked magnetic chitosan beads (EGDE-MCB) was carried out by considering a number of parameters. The removal efficiency of the metal ion by magnetic chitosan beads (MCB) and its cross-linked derivatives depended on viz contact time, dose of the adsorbent, pH, temperature, etc. The concentration of Cd( II) at different time intervals was estimated by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPSAV) using 797 voltametric analyzer computrace. The adsorption data could be well interpreted by Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption model. The equilibrium parameter, RL values, support that the adsorption (0<RL<1) is a favorable and spontaneous process. The thermodynamic parameters suggest that it is an exothermic reaction which results with an increase in the randomness of the adsorption process. The kinetic data of Pb(II) ions fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The EGDE-MCB was characterized by using FTIR, SEM, EDX, and TGA techniques. The desorption of metal ion loaded chitosan beads was performed with 0.1M ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) solution for further use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20chitosan%20beads" title="magnetic chitosan beads">magnetic chitosan beads</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethylene%20glycol%20diglycidyl%20ether" title=" ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether"> ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium%20parameters" title=" equilibrium parameters"> equilibrium parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=desorption" title=" desorption"> desorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147347/removal-of-pbii-ions-from-wastewater-using-magnetic-chitosan-ethylene-glycol-diglycidyl-ether-beads-as-adsorbent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Point-Mutation in a Rationally Engineered Esterase Inverts its Enantioselectivity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20Gaber">Yasser Gaber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Ismail"> Mohamed Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Serena%20Bisagni"> Serena Bisagni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamad%20Takwa"> Mohamad Takwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Hatti-Kaul"> Rajni Hatti-Kaul</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Enzymes are safe and selective catalysts. They skillfully catalyze chemical reactions; however, the native form is not usually suitable for industrial applications. Enzymes are therefore engineered by several techniques to meet the required catalytic task. Clopidogrel is recorded among the five best selling pharmaceutical in 2010 under the brand name Plavix. The commonly used route for production of the drug on an industrial scale is the synthesis of the racemic mixture followed by diastereomeric resolution to obtain the pure S isomer. The process consumes a lot of solvents and chemicals. We have evaluated a biocatalytic cleaner approach for asymmetric hydrolysis of racemic clopidogrel. Initial screening of a selected number of hydrolases showed only one enzyme EST to exhibit activity and selectivity towards the desired stereoisomer. As the crude EST is a mixture of several isoenzymes, a homology model of EST-1 was used in molecular dynamic simulations to study the interaction of the enzyme with R and S isomers of clopidogrel. Analysis of the geometric hindrances of the tetrahedral intermediates revealed a potential site for mutagenesis in order to improve the activity and the selectivity. Single point mutation showed dramatic increase in activity and inversion of the enantioselectivity (400 fold change in E value). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocatalysis" title="biocatalysis">biocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotechnology" title=" biotechnology"> biotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enzyme" title=" enzyme"> enzyme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein%20engineering" title=" protein engineering"> protein engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20modeling" title=" molecular modeling"> molecular modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35951/point-mutation-in-a-rationally-engineered-esterase-inverts-its-enantioselectivity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35951.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Linking Remittances and Household Level Development in India: An Analysis of NSSO 64th Round Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Mishra">Rakesh Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukunda%20Upadhyay"> Mukunda Upadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Singh"> Rajni Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper attempts to link remittances sent by internal as well as international out-migrants and its domestic preferences of usage in three different dimension of Household level development in India and its states. Investment of remittances in these sectors reveals for mixed choices of preferential among the states from where people have out-migrated. The multivariate analysis implies that among all three indicators of human development, health (Investment in Food and Health) is the one that attracts the major investment followed by capital formation and least on Education. Usage of the remittances has been found to be varying across all the states in India as far as usage in health, capital formation and education are concerned. Orissa, Nagaland, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Gujarat, D & H Haweli are some of the states and union territory that contributes highest of its international remittances on health, while most of the usage of the internal remittances has second or third preferences of investment on the health except for Uttar Pradesh, D & H Haweli, Arunachal Pradesh and A & N Is. This paper tries to access usage of international remittances as well as internal remittances on the flow of remittances at the micro level and its implications across three basic determinants of Human Development that is Health, Capital formation and Education coupled with the preferences of usage in presence of Several Socio economic and Demographic variable. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivariate%20analysis" title="multivariate analysis">multivariate analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household%20development" title=" household development"> household development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remittances" title=" remittances"> remittances</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20and%20international%20migration" title=" internal and international migration"> internal and international migration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35545/linking-remittances-and-household-level-development-in-india-an-analysis-of-nsso-64th-round-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35545.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Formulation and in Vitro Characterization of Bioactives Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticle Incorporated into Multiphase Hydrogel System for the Treatment of Infected Burn Wound</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Kant%20Panik">Rajni Kant Panik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deependra%20Singh"> Deependra Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manju%20Singh"> Manju Singh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Despite significant advances in the treatment of severe burn injury, infection and sepsis persist as frequent causes of morbidity and mortality for burn victims due to extensive compromise of the skin and contiguous tissue that serve as a protective barrier against microbial invasion. In the setting of a burn wound infection, Staphylococcus aureus is the most commonly isolated pathogens from bloodstream infections in burn care hospitals. We aimed to develop a biocompatible system of Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA)-sodium alginate hydrogel carrying multiple drugs- catalase and mupirocin in controlled manner for effective and complete burn wound healing. PLGA nanoparticles of Catalase and mupirocin were prepared by homogenization method and optimized system was incorporated in PVA-sodium alginate slurry. PVA-sodium alginate hydrogels were prepared by freeze thaw method. The prepared dispersion was casted into films to prepare multiphase hydrogel system and characterized by in vitro and in vivo studies. The study clearly showed the beneficial effect of antioxidant enzyme and antibiotic in the treatment of infected burn wound, as evidenced by the reduced incidence of wound infection and the shortening of healing time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burn%20wound" title="burn wound">burn wound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalase" title=" catalase"> catalase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mupirocin" title=" mupirocin"> mupirocin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20healing" title=" wound healing"> wound healing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30091/formulation-and-in-vitro-characterization-of-bioactives-loaded-polymeric-nanoparticle-incorporated-into-multiphase-hydrogel-system-for-the-treatment-of-infected-burn-wound" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30091.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">503</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Chemical Modifications of Carotol and Their Antioxidant Activity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dalvir%20Kataria">Dalvir Kataria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khushminder%20Kaur%20Chahal"> Khushminder Kaur Chahal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Kumar"> Amit Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The carrot seed essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation. Hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol solvents were used for extraction of carrot seed by Soxhlet extraction methods. The major and minor compounds identified in carrot seed essential oil were carotol (52.73), daucol (5.10), daucene (5.68), (E)-β-farnesene (5.40), β-cubebene (3.19), longifolenaldehyde (3.23), β-elimene (3.23), (E)-caryophyllene (1.22), β-bisabolene (2.95) etc. The chemical composition of hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts was different. Carotol was the common compound present. Major compounds isolated were from the carrot seed essential oil by column chromatography. Chemical transformations of carotol (2) with mercuric acetate/sodium borohydride, dry hydrochloric acid gas, acetonitrile/sulfuric acid, selenium dioxide/t-butyl hydrogen peroxide, N-bromosuccinimide, hydrogen iodide, and phenol were carried out. The derivatives of carotol were designed to explore the significance of some structural modifications in relation to antioxidant activities. The structures of major compounds and derivatives were confirmed on the basis of FT-IR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectroscopy. Antioxidant activity of carrot seed essential oil, various extracts and isolated compounds were tested by in vitro models involving 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), hydroxyl (OH•), nitric oxide (NO•), superoxide radical scavenging methods and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). Chemical transformations of major isolated compound carotol were carried out, and antioxidant activity of all compounds was undertaken. The major sesquiterpenoidcarotol isolated from carrot seed essential oil showed the highest antioxidant activity in all the methods. The methanol extract showed higher antioxidant potential as compared to carrot seed essential oil, hexane, and dichloromethane extracts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title="antioxidant">antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carotol" title=" carotol"> carotol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carrot" title=" carrot"> carrot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DPPH" title=" DPPH"> DPPH</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110696/chemical-modifications-of-carotol-and-their-antioxidant-activity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> A Randomized Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Ultrasound Guided Costoclavicular and Supraclavicular Approaches of Brachial Plexus Block for Upper Limb Surgeries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anshul">Anshul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Kalia"> Rajni Kalia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sachin%20Kumar"> Sachin Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The costoclavicular approach, a modification to the infraclavicular approach, has been described for anesthesia for upper limb surgeries. Material And Methods: In this randomized and single-blind study, fourty patients undergoing emergency/elective upper limb surgery were allocated to two groups. Group C and S received ultrasound-guided Costoclavicular block and Supraclavicular block, respectively, with 20 ml 0.5 % ropivacaine with 8 mg dexamethasone under strict asepsis. The primary outcome assessed was the total duration of sensory and motor block in the postoperative period. Secondary outcomes were to compare the time taken to perform the procedure, block characteristics in terms of onset of motor and sensory blockade, the efficacy of analgesia with respect to the time of administration of the first rescue analgesic dose with both the blocks and note the side effects pertaining to either of the blocks. Results: The mean total duration of sensory and motor blockade was longer in group C vs. group S (p=0.002 and 0.024, respectively). The mean duration to perform a block in group S was more than in group C (p=0.012). The mean onset of sensory and motor Blockade Time in group S was more than in group C (p<0.001 and <0.001, respectively). The mean duration to perform a block in group S was more than in group C (p=0.012). Conclusion: The costoclavicular approach is better than supraclavicular in terms of rapid execution, faster onset of sensory-motor blockade, prolonged postoperative analgesia and similar PONV and safety profile. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=costoclavicular" title="costoclavicular">costoclavicular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supraclavicular" title=" supraclavicular"> supraclavicular</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ropivacaine" title=" ropivacaine"> ropivacaine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dexamethasone" title=" dexamethasone"> dexamethasone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173780/a-randomized-comparative-evaluation-of-efficacy-of-ultrasound-guided-costoclavicular-and-supraclavicular-approaches-of-brachial-plexus-block-for-upper-limb-surgeries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> An Exploratory Study on Experiences of Menarche and Menstruation among Adolescent Girls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhawna%20Devi">Bhawna Devi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Girishwar%20Misra"> Girishwar Misra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Sahni"> Rajni Sahni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Menarche and menstruation is a nearly universal experience in adolescent girls’ lives, yet based on several observations it has been found that it is rarely explicitly talked about, and remains poorly understood. By menarche, girls are likely to have been influenced not only by cultural stereotypes about menstruation, but also by information acquired through significant others. Their own expectations about menstruation are likely to influence their reports of menarcheal experience. The aim of this study is to examine how girls construct meaning around menarche and menstruation in social interactions and specific contexts along with conceptualized experiences which is ‘owned’ by individual girls. Twenty adolescent girls from New Delhi (India), between the ages of 12 to 19 years (mean age = 15.1) participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to capture the nuances of menarche and menstrual experiences of these twenty adolescent girls. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. From the detailed analysis of transcribed data main themes that emerged were- Menarche: A Trammeled Sky to Fly, Menarche as Flashbulb Memory, Hidden Secret: Shame and Fear, Hallmark of Womanhood, Menarche as Illness. Therefore, the finding unfolds that menarche and menstruation were largely constructed as embarrassing, shameful and something to be hidden, specifically within the school context and in general when they are outside of their home. Menstruation was also constructed as illness that programmed ‘feeling of weaknesses’ into them. The production and perpetuation of gender-related difference narratives was also evident. Implications for individuals, as well as for the subjugation of girls and women, are discussed, and it is argued that current negative representations of, and practices in relation to, menarche and menstruation need to be challenged. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embarrassment" title="embarrassment">embarrassment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender-related%20difference" title=" gender-related difference"> gender-related difference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hidden%20secret" title=" hidden secret"> hidden secret</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illness" title=" illness"> illness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=menarche%20and%20menstruation" title=" menarche and menstruation"> menarche and menstruation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96141/an-exploratory-study-on-experiences-of-menarche-and-menstruation-among-adolescent-girls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96141.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Preparation and In vitro Characterization of Nanoparticle Hydrogel for Wound Healing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Kant%20Panik">Rajni Kant Panik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate mupirocin loaded nanoparticle incorporated into hydrogel as an infected wound healer. Incorporated Nanoparticle in hydrogel provides a barrier that effectively prevents the contamination of the wound and further progression of infection to deeper tissues. Hydrogel creates moist healing environment on wound space with good fluid absorbance. Nanoparticles were prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation method using different ratios of PLGA polymer and the hydrogels was developed using sodium alginate and gelatin. Further prepared nanoparticles were then incorporated into the hydrogels. The formulations were characterized by FT-IR and DSC for drug and polymer compatibility and surface morphology was studied by TEM. Nanoparticle hydrogel were evaluated for their size, shape, encapsulation efficiency and for in vitro studies. The FT-IR and DSC confirmed the absence of any drug polymer interaction. The average size of Nanoparticle was found to be in range of 208.21-412.33 nm and shape was found to be spherical. The maximum encapsulation efficiency was found to be 69.03%. The in vitro release profile of Nanoparticle incorporated hydrogel formulation was found to give sustained release of drug. Antimicrobial activity testing confirmed that encapsulated drug preserve its effectiveness. The stability study confirmed that the formulation prepared were stable. Present study complements our finding that mupirocin loaded Nanoparticle incorporated into hydrogel has the potential to be an effective and safe novel addition for the release of mupirocin in sustained manner, which may be a better option for the management of wound. These finding also supports the progression of antibiotic via hydrogel delivery system is a novel topical dosage form for the management of wound. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogel" title="hydrogel">hydrogel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticle" title=" nanoparticle"> nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLGA" title=" PLGA"> PLGA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20healing" title=" wound healing"> wound healing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47734/preparation-and-in-vitro-characterization-of-nanoparticle-hydrogel-for-wound-healing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47734.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Understanding Space, Citizenship and Assimilation in the Context of Migration in North-Eastern Region of India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukunda%20Upadhyay">Mukunda Upadhyay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Mishra"> Rakesh Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Singh"> Rajni Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is an attempt to understand the abstract concept of space, citizenship and migration in the north-eastern region. In the twentieth century, researchers and thinkers related citizenship and migration on national models. The national models of jus sulis and jus sangunis provide scope of space and rights to only those who are either born in the territory or either share the common descent. Space ensures rights and citizenship ensures space and for many migrants, citizenship is the ultimate goal in the host country. Migrants with the intention of settling down in the destination region, begin to adapt and assimilate in their new homes. In many cases, migrants may also retain the culture and values of the place of origin. In such cases the difference in the degree of retention and assimilation may determine the chances of conflict between the host society and migrants. Such conflicts are fueled by political aspirations of few individuals on both the sides. The North-Eastern part of India is a mixed community with many linguistic and religious groups sharing a common Geo-political space. Every community has its own unique history, culture and identity. Since the last half of the nineteenth century, this region has been experiencing both internal migration from other states and immigration from the neighboring countries which has resulted in the interactions of various cultures and ethnicities. With the span of time, migration has taken bitter form with problems concentrated around acquiring rights through space and citizenship. Political tensions resulted by host hostility and migrants resistance has ruined the social order in few areas. In order to resolve these issues in this area proper intervention has to be carried out by the involvement of the National and International community. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space" title="space">space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=citizenship" title=" citizenship"> citizenship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assimilation" title=" assimilation"> assimilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title=" migration"> migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rights" title=" rights"> rights</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35544/understanding-space-citizenship-and-assimilation-in-the-context-of-migration-in-north-eastern-region-of-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35544.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">418</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Development and Characterization of Cobalt Metal Loaded ZSM-5 and H-ZSM-5 Catalyst for Fischer -Tropsch Synthesis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shashank%20Bahri">Shashank Bahri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Divyanshu%20Arya"> Divyanshu Arya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Jain"> Rajni Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sreedevi%20Upadhyayula"> Sreedevi Upadhyayula</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Petroleum products can be obtained from syngas catalytic conversion using Fischer Tropsch Reaction. The liquid fuels obtained from FTS are sulphur and nitrogen free and thus may easily meet the increasing stringent environment regulations. In the present work we have synthesized Meso porous ZSM-5 supported catalyst. Meso structure were created in H-ZSM-5 crystallites by demetalation via subsequent base and acid treatment. Desilication through base treatment provides H-ZSM-5 with pore size and volumes similar to amorphous SiO2 (Conventional Carrier). Modifying the zeolite texture and surface chemistry by Desilication and acid washing alters its accessibility and interactions with metal phase and consequently the CO adsorption behavior and hydrocarbon product distribution. Increasing the mesoporosity via desilication provides the micro porous zeolite with essential surface area to support optimally sized metal crystallites. This improves the metal dispersion and hence improve the activity of the catalyst. Transition metal (Co) was loaded using wet impregnation method. Synthesized catalysts were characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy, Powdered X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), BET Method analytical techniques. Acidity of the catalyst which plays an important role in FTS reaction was measured by DRIFT setup pyridine adsorption instead of NH3 Temperature Programmed Desorption. The major difference is that, Pyridine Adsorption can distinguish between Lewis acidity and Bronsted Acidity, thus giving their relative strengths in the catalyst sample, whereas TPD gives total acidity including Lewis and Bronsted ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mesopourus" title="mesopourus">mesopourus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fischer%20tropsch%20reaction" title=" fischer tropsch reaction"> fischer tropsch reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyridine%20adsorrption" title=" pyridine adsorrption"> pyridine adsorrption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drift%20study" title=" drift study"> drift study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14761/development-and-characterization-of-cobalt-metal-loaded-zsm-5-and-h-zsm-5-catalyst-for-fischer-tropsch-synthesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14761.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> An Assessment of Involuntary Migration in India: Understanding Issues and Challenges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Singh">Rajni Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Mishra"> Rakesh Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukunda%20Upadhyay"> Mukunda Upadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> India is among the nations born out of partition that led to one of the greatest forced migrations that marked the past century. The Indian subcontinent got partitioned into two nation-states, namely India and Pakistan. This led to an unexampled mass displacement of people accounting for about 20 million in the subcontinent as a whole. This exemplifies the socio-political version of displacement, but there are other identified reasons leading to human displacement viz., natural calamities, development projects and people-trafficking and smuggling. Although forced migrations are rare in incidence, they are mostly region-specific and a very less percentage of population appears to be affected by it. However, when this percentage is transcripted in terms of volume, the real impact created by such migration can be realized. Forced migration is thus an issue related to the lives of many people and requires to be addressed with proper intervention. Forced or involuntary migration decimates peoples' assets while taking from them their most basic resources and makes them migrate without planning and intention. This in most cases proves to be a burden on the destination resources. Thus, the question related to their security concerns arise profoundly with regard to the protection and safeguards to these migrants who need help at the place of destination. This brings the human security dimension of forced migration into picture. The present study is an analysis of a sample of 1501 persons by NSSO in India (National Sample Survey Organisation), which identifies three reasons for forced migration- natural disaster, social/political problem and displacement by development projects. It was observed that, of the total forced migrants, about 4/5th comprised of the internally displaced persons. However, there was a huge inflow of such migrants to the country from across the borders also, the major contributing countries being Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Gulf countries and Nepal. Among the three reasons for involuntary migration, social and political problem is the most prominent in displacing huge masses of population; it is also the reason where the share of international migrants to that of internally displaced is higher compared to the other two factors /reasons. Second to political and social problems, natural calamities displaced a high portion of the involuntary migrants. The present paper examines the factors which increase people's vulnerability to forced migration. On perusing the background characteristics of the migrants it was seen that those who were economically weak and socially fragile are more susceptible to migration. Therefore, getting an insight about this fragile group of society is required so that government policies can benefit these in the most efficient and targeted manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=involuntary%20migration" title="involuntary migration">involuntary migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=displacement" title=" displacement"> displacement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20disaster" title=" natural disaster"> natural disaster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20and%20political%20problem" title=" social and political problem"> social and political problem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35542/an-assessment-of-involuntary-migration-in-india-understanding-issues-and-challenges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35542.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">354</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Conditional Relation between Migration, Demographic Shift and Human Development in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Mishra">Rakesh Mishra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Singh"> Rajni Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukunda%20Upadhyay"> Mukunda Upadhyay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the last few decades, the prima facie of development has shifted towards the working population in India. There has been a paradigm shift in the development approach with the realization that the present demographic dividend has to be harnessed for sustainable development. Rapid urbanization and improved socioeconomic characteristics experienced within its territory has catalyzed various forms of migration into it, resulting in massive transference of workforce between its states. Workforce in any country plays a very crucial role in deciding development of both the places, from where they have out-migrated and the place they are residing currently. In India, people are found to be migrating from relatively less developed states to a well urbanized and developed state for satisfying their neediness. Linking migration to HDI at place of destination, the regression coefficient (β ̂) shows affirmative association between them, because higher the HDI of the place would be, higher would be chance of earning and hence likeliness of the migrants would be more to choose that place as a new destination and vice versa. So the push factor is compromised by the cost of rearing and provides negative impulse on the in migrants letting down their numbers to metro cities or megacities of the states but increasing their mobility to the suburban areas and vice versa. The main objective of the study is to check the role of migration in deciding the dividend of the place of destination as well as people at the place of their usual residence with special focus to highly urban states in India. Idealized scenario of Indian migrants refers to some new theories in making. On analyzing the demographic dividend of the places we got to know that Uttar Pradesh provides maximum dividend to Maharashtra, West Bengal and Delhi, and the demographic divided of migrants are quite comparable to the native’s shares in the demographic dividend in these places. On analyzing the data from National Sample Survey 64th round and Census of India-2001, we have observed that for males in rural areas, the share of unemployed person declined by 9 percentage points (from 45% before migration to 36 % after migration) and for females in rural areas the decline was nearly 12 percentage points (from 79% before migration to 67% after migration. It has been observed that the shares of unemployed males in both rural and urban areas, which were significant before migration, got reduced after migration while the share of unemployed females in the rural as well as in the urban areas remained almost negligible both for before and after migration. So increase in the number of employed after migration provides an indication of changes in the associated cofactors like health and education of the place of destination and arithmetically to the place from where they have migrated out. This paper presents the evidence on the patterns of prevailing migration dynamics and corresponding demographic benefits in India and its states, examines trends and effects, and discusses plausible explanations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration" title="migration">migration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demographic%20shift" title=" demographic shift"> demographic shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20development%20index" title=" human development index"> human development index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20analysis" title=" multilevel analysis"> multilevel analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35541/conditional-relation-between-migration-demographic-shift-and-human-development-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35541.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">387</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Hydro-Mechanical Characterization of PolyChlorinated Biphenyls Polluted Sediments in Interaction with Geomaterials for Landfilling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hadi%20Chahal">Hadi Chahal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irini%20Djeran-Maigre"> Irini Djeran-Maigre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the hydro-mechanical behavior of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) polluted sediments when stored in landfills and the interaction between PCBs and geosynthetic clay liners (GCL) with respect to hydraulic performance of the liner and the overall performance and stability of landfills. A European decree, adopted in the French regulation forbids the reintroducing of contaminated dredged sediments containing more than 0,64mg/kg Σ 7 PCBs to rivers. At these concentrations, sediments are considered hazardous and a remediation process must be adopted to prevent the release of PCBs into the environment. Dredging and landfilling polluted sediments is considered an eco-environmental remediation solution. French regulations authorize the storage of PCBs contaminated components with less than 50mg/kg in municipal solid waste facilities. Contaminant migration via leachate may be possible. The interactions between PCBs contaminated sediments and the GCL barrier present in the bottom of a landfill for security confinement are not known. Moreover, the hydro-mechanical behavior of stored sediments may affect the performance and the stability of the landfill. In this article, hydro-mechanical characterization of the polluted sediment is presented. This characterization led to predict the behavior of the sediment at the storage site. Chemical testing showed that the concentration of PCBs in sediment samples is between 1.7 and 2,0 mg/kg. Physical characterization showed that the sediment is organic silty sand soil (%Silt=65, %Sand=27, %OM=8) characterized by a high plasticity index (Ip=37%). Permeability tests using permeameter and filter press showed that sediment permeability is in the order of 10-9 m/s. Compressibility tests showed that the sediment is a very compressible soil with Cc=0,53 and Cα =0,0086. In addition, effects of PCB on the swelling behavior of bentonite were studied and the hydraulic performance of the GCL in interaction with PCBs was examined. Swelling tests showed that PCBs don’t affect the swelling behavior of bentonite. Permeability tests were conducted on a 1.0 m pilot scale experiment, simulating a storage facility. PCBs contaminated sediments were directly placed over a passive barrier containing GCL to study the influence of the direct contact of polluted sediment leachate with the GCL. An automatic water system has been designed to simulate precipitation. Effluent quantity and quality have been examined. The sediment settlements and the water level in the sediment have been monitored. The results showed that desiccation affected the behavior of the sediment in the pilot test and that laboratory tests alone are not sufficient to predict the behavior of the sediment in landfill facility. Furthermore, the concentration of PCB in the sediment leachate was very low ( < 0,013 µg/l) and that the permeability of the GCL was affected by other components present in the sediment leachate. Desiccation and cracks were the main parameters that affected the hydro-mechanical behavior of the sediment in the pilot test. In order to reduce these infects, the polluted sediment should be stored at a water content inferior to its shrinkage limit (w=39%). We also propose to conduct other pilot tests with the maximum concentration of PCBs allowed in municipal solid waste facility of 50 mg/kg. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geosynthetic%20clay%20liners" title="geosynthetic clay liners">geosynthetic clay liners</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=landfill" title=" landfill"> landfill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polychlorinated%20biphenyl" title=" polychlorinated biphenyl"> polychlorinated biphenyl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polluted%20dredged%20materials" title=" polluted dredged materials"> polluted dredged materials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80505/hydro-mechanical-characterization-of-polychlorinated-biphenyls-polluted-sediments-in-interaction-with-geomaterials-for-landfilling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Worldwide GIS Based Earthquake Information System/Alarming System for Microzonation/Liquefaction and It’s Application for Infrastructure Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajinder%20Kumar%20Gupta">Rajinder Kumar Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajni%20Kant%20Agrawal"> Rajni Kant Agrawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jaganniwas"> Jaganniwas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most frightening phenomena of nature is the occurrence of earthquake as it has terrible and disastrous effects. Many earthquakes occur every day worldwide. There is need to have knowledge regarding the trends in earthquake occurrence worldwide. The recoding and interpretation of data obtained from the establishment of the worldwide system of seismological stations made this possible. From the analysis of recorded earthquake data, the earthquake parameters and source parameters can be computed and the earthquake catalogues can be prepared. These catalogues provide information on origin, time, epicenter locations (in term of latitude and longitudes) focal depths, magnitude and other related details of the recorded earthquakes. Theses catalogues are used for seismic hazard estimation. Manual interpretation and analysis of these data is tedious and time consuming. A geographical information system is a computer based system designed to store, analyzes and display geographic information. The implementation of integrated GIS technology provides an approach which permits rapid evaluation of complex inventor database under a variety of earthquake scenario and allows the user to interactively view results almost immediately. GIS technology provides a powerful tool for displaying outputs and permit to users to see graphical distribution of impacts of different earthquake scenarios and assumptions. An endeavor has been made in present study to compile the earthquake data for the whole world in visual Basic on ARC GIS Plate form so that it can be used easily for further analysis to be carried out by earthquake engineers. The basic data on time of occurrence, location and size of earthquake has been compiled for further querying based on various parameters. A preliminary analysis tool is also provided in the user interface to interpret the earthquake recurrence in region. The user interface also includes the seismic hazard information already worked out under GHSAP program. The seismic hazard in terms of probability of exceedance in definite return periods is provided for the world. The seismic zones of the Indian region are included in the user interface from IS 1893-2002 code on earthquake resistant design of buildings. The City wise satellite images has been inserted in Map and based on actual data the following information could be extracted in real time: • Analysis of soil parameters and its effect • Microzonation information • Seismic hazard and strong ground motion • Soil liquefaction and its effect in surrounding area • Impacts of liquefaction on buildings and infrastructure • Occurrence of earthquake in future and effect on existing soil • Propagation of earth vibration due of occurrence of Earthquake GIS based earthquake information system has been prepared for whole world in Visual Basic on ARC GIS Plate form and further extended micro level based on actual soil parameters. Individual tools has been developed for liquefaction, earthquake frequency etc. All information could be used for development of infrastructure i.e. multi story structure, Irrigation Dam & Its components, Hydro-power etc in real time for present and future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GIS%20based%20earthquake%20information%20system" title="GIS based earthquake information system">GIS based earthquake information system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microzonation" title=" microzonation"> microzonation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analysis%20and%20real%20time%20information%20about%20liquefaction" title=" analysis and real time information about liquefaction"> analysis and real time information about liquefaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure%20development" title=" infrastructure development"> infrastructure development</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19055/worldwide-gis-based-earthquake-information-systemalarming-system-for-microzonationliquefaction-and-its-application-for-infrastructure-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>