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id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-地理" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地理"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>地理</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-地理-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关地理子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-地理-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-地形" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#地形"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>地形</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-地形-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-海床情况" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#海床情况"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>海床情况</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-海床情况-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-水文" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#水文"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>水文</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-水文-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-气候" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#气候"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>气候</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-气候-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生态与经济" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生态与经济"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>生态与经济</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生态与经济-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考资料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考资料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>参考资料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考资料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">白海</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。106种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-106" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">106种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witsee" title="Witsee – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Witsee" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cw%C4%93ns%C7%A3" title="Cwēnsǣ – 古英语" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Cwēnsǣ" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="古英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6" title="البحر الأبيض – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البحر الأبيض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B6" title="البحر الابيض – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="البحر الابيض" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Blancu" title="Mar Blancu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mar Blancu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%9F_d%C9%99niz" title="Ağ dəniz – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ağ dəniz" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%BA_%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="آغ دنیز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آغ دنیز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%A1_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99" title="Аҡ диңгеҙ – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Аҡ диңгеҙ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segara_Putih" title="Segara Putih – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Segara Putih" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Белае мора – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Белае мора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Белае мора – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Белае мора" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_(%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Бяло море (Русия) – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бяло море (Русия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%B0" title="শ্বেত সাগর – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="শ্বেত সাগর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mor_Gwenn" title="Mor Gwenn – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mor Gwenn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijelo_more" title="Bijelo more – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bijelo more" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Blanca" title="Mar Blanca – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mar Blanca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%85%D3%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="КӀайн хӀорд – 车臣语" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="КӀайн хӀорд" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="车臣语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Sea" title="White Sea – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="White Sea" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%ADl%C3%A9_mo%C5%99e" title="Bílé moře – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bílé moře" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D1%80%C4%83_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%C4%95%D1%81" title="Шурă тинĕс – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шурă тинĕс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4r_Gwyn" title="Môr Gwyn – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Môr Gwyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hvidehavet" title="Hvidehavet – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hvidehavet" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fes_Meer" title="Weißes Meer – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Weißes Meer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%9B%C5%82e_m%C3%B3rjo" title="Běłe mórjo – 下索布语" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Běłe mórjo" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="下索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%98%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Λευκή Θάλασσα – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λευκή Θάλασσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Sea" title="White Sea – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="White Sea" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanka_maro" title="Blanka maro – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Blanka maro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Blanco" title="Mar Blanco – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mar Blanco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valge_meri" title="Valge meri – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Valge meri" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itsaso_Zuria" title="Itsaso Zuria – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Itsaso Zuria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="دریای سفید – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دریای سفید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienanmeri" title="Vienanmeri – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vienanmeri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mer_Blanche" title="Mer Blanche – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mer Blanche" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witj_Sia" title="Witj Sia – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Witj Sia" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wite_See" title="Wite See – 西弗里西亚语" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wite See" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="西弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Branco" title="Mar Branco – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mar Branco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Vooir_Vane" title="Yn Vooir Vane – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Vooir Vane" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%9F" title="הים הלבן – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הים הלבן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0" title="श्वेत सागर – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="श्वेत सागर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Samundar" title="White Samundar – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="White Samundar" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijelo_more" title="Bijelo more – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bijelo more" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%9B%C5%82e_morjo" title="Běłe morjo – 上索布语" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Běłe morjo" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="上索布语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feh%C3%A9r-tenger" title="Fehér-tenger – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Fehér-tenger" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF_%D5%AE%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Սպիտակ ծով – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սպիտակ ծով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Putih" title="Laut Putih – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Laut Putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baybay_Puraw" title="Baybay Puraw – 伊洛卡诺语" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Baybay Puraw" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="伊洛卡诺语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanka_maro" title="Blanka maro – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Blanka maro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hv%C3%ADtahaf" title="Hvítahaf – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hvítahaf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Bianco" title="Mar Bianco – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mar Bianco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7" title="白海 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="白海" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%96%E1%83%A6%E1%83%95%E1%83%90" title="თეთრი ზღვა – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თეთრი ზღვა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%9B_%D1%82%D0%B5%D2%A3%D1%96%D0%B7%D1%96" title="Ақ теңізі – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ақ теңізі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%B1%ED%95%B4" title="백해 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="백해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B4_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B7" title="Еджыд саридз – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Еджыд саридз" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D2%A3%D0%B8%D0%B7" title="Ак деңиз – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Ак деңиз" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mare_Album" title="Mare Album – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mare Album" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witte_Zie%C3%AB" title="Witte Zieë – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Witte Zieë" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltoji_j%C5%ABra" title="Baltoji jūra – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Baltoji jūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balt%C4%81_j%C5%ABra" title="Baltā jūra – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Baltā jūra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5_(%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Бело Море (Русија) – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бело Море (Русија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80" title="വൈറ്റ് സീ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൈറ്റ് സീ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Цагаан тэнгис – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цагаан тэнгис" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="श्वेत समुद्र – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="श्वेत समुद्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laut_Putih" title="Laut Putih – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Laut Putih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C4%A7ar_l-Abjad" title="Baħar l-Abjad – 马耳他语" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Baħar l-Abjad" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="马耳他语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="اسپه دریا – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اسپه دریا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witte_See" title="Witte See – 低地德语" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Witte See" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="低地德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witte_Zee" title="Witte Zee – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Witte Zee" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvitsj%C3%B8en" title="Kvitsjøen – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kvitsjøen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvitsj%C3%B8en" title="Kvitsjøen – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kvitsjøen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Blanca" title="Mar Blanca – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Mar Blanca" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienanmeri" title="Vienanmeri – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vienanmeri" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Урс денджыз – 奥塞梯语" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Урс денджыз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="奥塞梯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0" title="ਚਿੱਟਾ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਚਿੱਟਾ ਸਮੁੰਦਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morze_Bia%C5%82e" title="Morze Białe – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Morze Białe" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%B9%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="چٹا سمندر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چٹا سمندر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Branco" title="Mar Branco – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mar Branco" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marea_Alb%C4%83" title="Marea Albă – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Marea Albă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Белое море – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Белое море" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%87%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%DA%8A" title="اڇو سمنڊ – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اڇو سمنڊ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijelo_more" title="Bijelo more – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bijelo more" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Sea" title="White Sea – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="White Sea" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biele_more" title="Biele more – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Biele more" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belo_morje" title="Belo morje – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Belo morje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deti_i_Bardh%C3%AB" title="Deti i Bardhë – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Deti i Bardhë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Бело море – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бело море" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita_havet" title="Vita havet – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vita havet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahari_Nyeupe" title="Bahari Nyeupe – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bahari Nyeupe" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="வெள்ளைக் கடல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெள்ளைக் கடல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="తెల్ల సముద్రం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="తెల్ల సముద్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%B3%D1%80%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Баҳри сафед – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Баҳри сафед" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7" title="ทะเลขาว – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทะเลขาว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dagat_Puti" title="Dagat Puti – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dagat Puti" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyazdeniz" title="Beyazdeniz – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Beyazdeniz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D2%A3%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Ак диңгез – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ак диңгез" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Біле море – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біле море" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B6" title="بحیرہ ابیض – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بحیرہ ابیض" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oq_dengiz_(Shimoliy_muz_okeani)" title="Oq dengiz (Shimoliy muz okeani) – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oq dengiz (Shimoliy muz okeani)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vauged_meri" title="Vauged meri – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vauged meri" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%E1%BB%83n_Tr%E1%BA%AFng" title="Biển Trắng – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Biển Trắng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witte_Z%C3%AAe" title="Witte Zêe – 西佛蘭德文" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Witte Zêe" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="西佛蘭德文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busag_nga_Dagat" title="Busag nga Dagat – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Busag nga Dagat" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7" title="白海 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="白海" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%94_%E1%83%96%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90" title="ჩე ზუღა – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩე ზუღა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byeloye_H%C3%A1i" title="Byeloye Hái – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Byeloye Hái" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7" title="白海 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="白海" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44133#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div 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for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project:上传" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&oldid=82118817" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&id=82118817&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%2599%25BD%25E6%25B5%25B7"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%2599%25BD%25E6%25B5%25B7"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/White_Sea" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q44133" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%9D%90%E6%A0%87" class="mw-redirect" title="地理坐标">坐标</a>：<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&params=65_30_N_37_30_E_type:waterbody_scale:5000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">65°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">37°30′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">65.500°N 37.500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">65.500; 37.500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output 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0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5" class="extiw" title="ru:Белое море">俄語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2022年9月15日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>，或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">白海</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r66786032">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arctic_Ocean_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="白海在北极的位置"><img alt="白海在北极的位置" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Arctic_Ocean_relief_location_map.png/250px-Arctic_Ocean_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Arctic_Ocean_relief_location_map.png/375px-Arctic_Ocean_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Arctic_Ocean_relief_location_map.png/500px-Arctic_Ocean_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1181" /></a></span><div class="od notheme mw-no-invert" style="top:74.296%;left:68.643%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="白海"><img alt="白海" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="font-size:91%;width:6em;left:4px"><div>白海</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">白海在北极的位置</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:White_Sea_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/White_Sea_map.png/240px-White_Sea_map.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/White_Sea_map.png/360px-White_Sea_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/White_Sea_map.png/480px-White_Sea_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="930" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><span title="地理坐标">坐标</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82757201">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=zh&pagename=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&params=65_30_N_37_30_E_type:waterbody_scale:5000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据"><span class="latitude">65°30′N</span> <span class="longitude">37°30′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="此地的地图、航拍照片和其他数据">65.500°N 37.500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">65.500; 37.500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%AB%94#種類" title="水體">类型</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7" title="海">海</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">所在国家</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid;"></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">表面积</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">90,000 km<sup>2</sup>（34,700 sq mi）</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">平均深度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">60米（197英尺）</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">最大深度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">340米（1,115英尺）</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid;"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">参考</th><td class="infobox-data note" style=""><sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>白海</b>（俄语：<span lang="ru">Белое море</span>；<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%B4%AF%E5%88%A9%E9%98%BF%E8%AA%9E" title="卡累利阿語">卡累利阿语</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="芬蘭語">芬蘭語</a>：<span lang="fi">Vienanmeri</span>）是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%80%AB%E6%94%AF%E6%B5%B7" title="巴倫支海">巴倫支海</a>的延伸部分，位於<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="俄羅斯">俄羅斯</a>境內，为俄罗斯<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E6%B5%B7" title="内海">内海</a><sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 。西面為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%B4%AF%E5%88%A9%E9%98%BF%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="卡累利阿共和國">卡累利阿共和國</a>，北面為<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="科拉半島">科拉半島</a>，東面為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%AF%A7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="卡寧半島">卡寧半島</a>。面积8.9万平方公里。平均深度67米，最深处350米。该海域夏季海水温度6～15℃，冬季温度低于1℃。海水盐度24～34.5。结冰期约为6～7个月，11月至第二年5月初。<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>白海包括四大海湾：<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%B4%A5%E7%81%A3" title="梅津灣">梅津湾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%AD%E7%B4%8D%E7%81%A3" title="德維納灣">德维纳湾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%B6%85%E5%8A%A0%E7%81%A3" title="奧涅加灣">奥涅加湾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E9%81%94%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%99%E7%81%A3" title="坎達拉克沙灣">坎达拉克沙湾</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>该海域主要港口有<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E6%BC%A2%E6%A0%BC%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="阿爾漢格爾斯克">阿爾漢格爾斯克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="北德文斯克">北德文斯克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%B6%85%E5%8A%A0" title="奧涅加">奥涅加</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7%E5%9F%8E" title="白海城">白海城</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%99" title="坎达拉克沙">坎达拉克沙</a>。主要島嶼有<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E6%B4%9B%E9%9F%A6%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="索洛韦茨基群岛">索洛韦茨基群岛</a>。有<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%90" title="潮汐">潮汐</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BC%E9%9B%BB" title="發電">發電</a>廠。有<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7-%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%8B%E6%B2%B3" title="白海-波羅的海運河">白海-波羅的海運河</a>通往<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="波羅的海">波羅的海</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-brit_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="地理"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E7.90.86"></span>地理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：地理"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>根据<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93%E6%B5%8B%E9%87%8F%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87" class="mw-redirect" title="国际海道测量组织">国际海道测量组织</a>划定，北海的北界为<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="摩尔曼斯克">摩尔曼斯克</a>海岸线上的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="斯威托诺斯角（摩尔曼斯克州）" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title="Святой Нос (мыс, Мурманская область)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%AF%E5%A8%81%E6%89%98%E8%AF%BA%E6%96%AF%E8%A7%92%EF%BC%88%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%B7%9E%EF%BC%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斯威托诺斯角（摩尔曼斯克州）（页面不存在）">斯威托诺斯角</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%81_(%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81,_%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C)" class="extiw" title="ru:Святой Нос (мыс, Мурманская область)"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">Святой Нос (мыс, Мурманская область)</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（东经39°47’）至<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%AF%A7%E5%8D%8A%E5%B3%B6" title="卡寧半島">卡宁角</a>的两点连线。<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="地形"><span id=".E5.9C.B0.E5.BD.A2"></span>地形</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：地形"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>白海有四大海湾：东北的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%B4%A5%E7%81%A3" title="梅津灣">梅津湾</a>、东南的<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%AD%E7%B4%8D%E7%81%A3" title="德維納灣">德维纳湾</a>、西南的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%B6%85%E5%8A%A0%E7%81%A3" title="奧涅加灣">奥涅加湾</a>和西侧<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E9%81%94%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%99%E7%81%A3" title="坎達拉克沙灣">坎达拉克沙湾</a>，其中<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%B4%A5%E7%81%A3" title="梅津灣">梅津湾</a>正对<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%8A%E5%B2%9B" title="科拉半岛">科拉半岛</a>。这四个海湾由漏斗形的“<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="北海咽喉" data-lang-code="ru" data-lang-name="俄语" data-foreign-title="Горло Белого моря"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7%E5%92%BD%E5%96%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="北海咽喉（页面不存在）">北海咽喉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">俄语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F" class="extiw" title="ru:Горло Белого моря"><span lang="ru" dir="auto">Горло Белого моря</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>”相连。注入白海的河流包括注入<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%B4%A5%E7%81%A3" title="梅津灣">梅津湾</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%B4%A5%E6%B2%B3" title="梅津河">梅津河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%8A%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="庫洛伊河">库洛伊河</a>、注入<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%B6%85%E5%8A%A0%E7%81%A3" title="奧涅加灣">奥涅加湾</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%B6%85%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="奥涅加河">奥涅加河</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%A0%BC%E6%B2%B3" title="維格河">维格河</a>、注入<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%AD%E7%B4%8D%E7%81%A3" title="德維納灣">德维纳湾</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%B4%E7%BA%B3%E6%B2%B3" title="北德维纳河">北德维纳河</a>、注入<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E9%81%94%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%99%E7%81%A3" title="坎達拉克沙灣">坎达拉克沙湾</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E8%AB%BE%E4%BC%8A%E6%B2%B3" title="波諾伊河">波诺伊河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%AB%E5%B7%B4%E6%B2%B3" title="溫巴河">温巴河</a>，以及直接注入中央“北海咽喉”的<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E7%88%BE%E7%A5%96%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%B3" title="瓦爾祖加河">瓦尔祖加河</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E5%A7%86%E6%B2%B3" title="凯姆河">凯姆河</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brit_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Severodvinsk_Yagry_Island_Beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Severodvinsk_Yagry_Island_Beach.jpg/220px-Severodvinsk_Yagry_Island_Beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Severodvinsk_Yagry_Island_Beach.jpg/330px-Severodvinsk_Yagry_Island_Beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Severodvinsk_Yagry_Island_Beach.jpg/440px-Severodvinsk_Yagry_Island_Beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="734" /></a><figcaption>南岸城市<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%87%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="北德文斯克">北德文斯克</a>的夏日</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2.jpg/220px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2.jpg/330px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2.jpg/440px-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="1242" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E9%81%94%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%99%E7%81%A3" title="坎達拉克沙灣">坎达拉克沙湾</a></figcaption></figure> <p>白海中岛屿密布，但皆是小岛，其中最主要的是白海中央、奥涅加湾附近六座岛屿组成的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E6%B4%9B%E9%9F%A6%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="索洛韦茨基群岛">索洛韦茨基群岛</a>。奥涅加湾上的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B3%B6" title="基島">基岛</a>亦因其上古老的修道院而知名。<sup id="cite_ref-brit_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kiy-island_Russia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kiy-island_Russia.jpg/220px-Kiy-island_Russia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kiy-island_Russia.jpg/330px-Kiy-island_Russia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Kiy-island_Russia.jpg/440px-Kiy-island_Russia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%B6%85%E5%8A%A0%E7%81%A3" title="奧涅加灣">奥涅加湾</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E5%B3%B6" title="基島">基岛</a>的海岸</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="海床情况"><span id=".E6.B5.B7.E5.BA.8A.E6.83.85.E5.86.B5"></span>海床情况</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：海床情况"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>白海海床极其崎岖不平，高处有如正中凸出水面的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E6%B4%9B%E9%9F%A6%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B" title="索洛韦茨基群岛">索洛韦茨基群岛</a>，而低处则如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E9%81%94%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%99%E7%81%A3" title="坎達拉克沙灣">坎达拉克沙湾</a>中一处极深的海域，被称为“坎达拉克沙空洞”。咽喉区域非常浅，最深不过50m，而北部由于有海底隆起的原因更是只有不到40m深。这段浅海阻碍了和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%A6%E6%94%AF%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="巴伦支海">巴伦支海</a>的海水流动<sup id="cite_ref-brit_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外，各区域的海床材质差异亦较大，其中中央海区和德维纳湾的海床主要由泥沙组成，而<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%B6%85%E5%8A%A0%E7%81%A3" title="奧涅加灣">奥涅加湾</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E9%81%94%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%99%E7%81%A3" title="坎達拉克沙灣">坎达拉克沙湾</a>的海床则是岩石和沙混合。海岸线上时常会有<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3" title="冰川时代">冰川时代</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%89%E7%A9%8D%E7%89%A9" title="沉積物">沉积物</a>出现。西北部的海岸线较高，但相对其他地方而言较为平缓。<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="水文"><span id=".E6.B0.B4.E6.96.87"></span>水文</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：水文"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>白海的潮汐类型为<a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%AE%E6%B1%90" title="潮汐">半日潮</a>，即一日中涨落两次。潮汐在咽喉海域速度较慢，大约为1km/秒，而在几处海湾中速度明显更快（在坎达拉克沙湾为1.3km/秒，在奥涅加湾为3.6km/秒，在梅津湾为9km/秒）<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外，海湾中的潮高也显著高于咽喉海域的潮高：在中心大概只有1米，而在南部的奥涅加湾可达10米。由于白海较浅，浪高较低，平均只有1米，而最高也只有3-5米<sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Modis_white_sea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Modis_white_sea.jpg/220px-Modis_white_sea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Modis_white_sea.jpg/330px-Modis_white_sea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Modis_white_sea.jpg/440px-Modis_white_sea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="540" data-file-height="846" /></a><figcaption>两张白海的卫星图，上图拍摄于2000年4月23日，下图拍摄于2001年5月3日</figcaption></figure> <p>每年，注入白海的各条河流总共带来227-251立方千米的淡水<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，其中以南岸的河流居多。带来淡水最多的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%B4%E7%BA%B3%E6%B2%B3" title="北德维纳河">北德维纳河</a>在雨水丰沛的年份可带来171立方千米淡水，而<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%B4%A5%E6%B2%B3" title="梅津河">梅津河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%B6%85%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="奥涅加河">奥涅加河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E5%A7%86%E6%B2%B3" title="凯姆河">凯姆河</a>以及<a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E6%A0%BC%E6%B2%B3" title="維格河">维格河</a>则每年分别带来38.5、27.0、12.5和11.5立方千米的淡水。由于其中大部分河流在五月解冻，40%的淡水会在该月份涌入白海，而在二月和三月注入的淡水则较少。注入淡水数量的月份差异导致白海的海平面会在一年当中有所升降，促进其和<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%A6%E6%94%AF%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="巴伦支海">巴伦支海</a>之间的海水流动。<sup id="cite_ref-brit_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>这两片海域一年总共交换大约2000至2200立方千米的海水<sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。春季淡水的大规模涌入还会导致白海表层（10米左右）的盐度下降。在西部海域会下降至26-27‰，东部为22-23‰，而在德维纳湾可低至10-12‰<sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此外，这些涌入的淡水为白海带来了较多的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85%E9%85%B8%E7%9B%90" class="mw-redirect" title="硅酸盐">硅酸盐</a>，且浓度会在一年中根据注入淡水数量而变化。<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="气候"><span id=".E6.B0.94.E5.80.99"></span>气候</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：气候"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>白海的气候环境大致处于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B8%A6%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%80%A7%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="温带大陆性气候">温带大陆性气候</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E5%9C%B0%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99" class="mw-redirect" title="极地气候">极地气候</a>之间，多云和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="雾">雾</a>。秋冬季白海多风，风速可达8km/小时，而10到11月更是常见风暴。白海冬季盛行东南风，将南方的冷空气带到白海上空，平均气温为零下15℃，北方水域则由于<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B" title="大西洋">大西洋</a>上空的暖空气相对温暖，气温在零下6-9℃之间。而当<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="北冰洋">北冰洋</a>上空出现<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B0%94%E6%97%8B" title="反气旋">反气旋</a>时，则盛行风会变为东北风，导致北极的冷空气涌入白海上空，最低气温可降至零下25℃<sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>夏季白海寒冷、多云而潮湿，盛行东北风，平均气温约为8-10℃，而当出现少见的东南风时大陆上的暖空气会被吹到白海上空，气温可升至16-17℃，甚至有时可达30℃。北部的年降雨量为282毫米而南部则为529毫米。<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>在10至11月，白海会封冻，一直持续到来年的5-6月。一月白海北部水温为零下1.9℃，中部为零下1.3-1.7℃，而在四个海湾则为零下0.6-0.7℃。水温差异系由各处盐度不同而导致，且正因为此每年白海各处解冻和封冻的时间亦不相同。<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>海面上90%的冰层为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%AE%E5%86%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="浮冰">浮冰</a>，且会不停向<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BC%A6%E6%94%AF%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="巴伦支海">巴伦支海</a>方向飘动。冰层厚度一般为40厘米，但在寒冷的冬季可达150厘米。<sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>夏季白海水温会回暖至16-17℃，但北部仍然相对较冷，仅有7-8℃<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>白海深处的水温稳定在-1.4℃，盐度则稳定在30‰。水温随水深下降的规律在白海各处均不尽相同。比如在<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%AD%E7%B4%8D%E7%81%A3" title="德維納灣">德维纳湾</a>的出口水温在12-15米深处就降至零度，但在<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E9%81%94%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%99%E7%81%A3" title="坎達拉克沙灣">坎达拉克沙湾</a>的出口要到65米深处才会降至零度。<sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%AF%BA%E5%A4%AB%E5%93%A5%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7" title="大诺夫哥罗德">大诺夫哥罗德</a>的居民最迟在11世纪就已经得知了白海的存在，此后他们迅速探索这片海域以便航运和获取<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%8D%89%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="皮草贸易">皮草</a>。首座建于白海海岸上的城市为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%BE%B7%E7%BB%B4%E7%BA%B3%E6%B2%B3" title="北德维纳河">北德维纳河</a>沿岸、建于13世纪末的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E7%88%BE%E8%8E%AB%E6%88%88%E9%9B%B7" title="霍爾莫戈雷">霍尔莫戈雷</a>。1492年，一支载有谷物以及代表<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="伊凡三世">伊凡三世</a>的大使的船只启航前往丹麦，标志着霍尔莫戈雷成为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%B2%99%E7%9A%87%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯沙皇国">俄罗斯</a>第一座国际港口。<sup id="cite_ref-h1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Whiteseamap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Whiteseamap.jpg/220px-Whiteseamap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Whiteseamap.jpg/330px-Whiteseamap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Whiteseamap.jpg/440px-Whiteseamap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1478" data-file-height="1267" /></a><figcaption>1635年绘制的白海地图</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/220px-%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/330px-%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg/440px-%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2936" data-file-height="1680" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E4%BF%AE%E9%81%93%E9%99%A2" title="索羅維斯基修道院">索罗维斯基修道院</a></figcaption></figure> <p>1553年，英国航海家<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%92%B1%E5%A1%9E%E5%8B%92" title="理查德·钱塞勒">理查德·钱塞勒</a>乘“幸运爱德华号”前往霍尔莫戈雷以求通过东北航道开辟羊毛市场，他因此成为第一位造访白海的西方人。原本与他同行的还有<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%91%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E6%B4%9B%E6%AF%94" title="休·威洛比">休·威洛比</a>指挥的两艘船只“好望”号和“坚信”号，他受英国国王<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E5%85%AD%E4%B8%96" title="爱德华六世">爱德华六世</a>和240位伦敦的商人赞助，前往探索一条从北方抵达<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>的航线，但他的两条船只在半途被风暴吹离并因此沉没。<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>沙皇<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%87%A1%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96" title="伊凡四世">伊凡四世</a>在得知理查德靠岸的消息后将他邀请至莫斯科，并设宴款待了他<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。理查德于次年返回伦敦。他向英国王室讲述了大量尚不为西欧人所知的俄罗斯地理情况，并转交了一封沙皇的信函。沙皇在信中提到俄罗斯迫切想和西方建立贸易上的往来。1555年英国女王<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%9B%E4%B8%BD%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96_(%E8%8B%B1%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0)" title="玛丽一世 (英格兰)">玛丽一世</a>设立<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="莫斯科公司">莫斯科公司</a>，该公司随后通过白海和俄罗斯进行各种贸易，尤其是皮草贸易。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>此后，荷兰商人也利用白海水道同俄罗斯进行贸易，霍尔莫戈雷一时变得极为繁忙。很快，霍尔莫戈雷的弊病便暴露：该港口依赖于较浅的河流泊位，故而能停泊的船只较少<sup id="cite_ref-h1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但彼时的沙皇伊凡四世并没有选择拓宽霍尔莫戈雷的港口，而是于1584年在河流下游建立了一座名为“新霍尔莫戈雷”的新城。该城在1596年改为其现在的名字“<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B1%89%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="阿尔汉格尔斯克">阿尔汉格尔斯克</a>”。<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>从15世纪到18世纪，白海一直是货物进出俄罗斯的关键水道，但在1703年<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E5%A0%A1" title="圣彼得堡">圣彼得堡</a>建城后该港作为一个通过<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7" title="波罗的海">波罗的海</a>链接庞大欧洲市场的不冻港使得白海水道的重要性有所减弱，而1916年起新建的不冻港<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="摩尔曼斯克">摩尔曼斯克</a>成为了俄罗斯北部货物海运的重心。<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>1933年，<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7-%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E8%BF%90%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="白海-波罗的海运河">白海-波罗的海运河</a>竣工，将白海和波罗的海打通。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生态与经济"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E6.80.81.E4.B8.8E.E7.BB.8F.E6.B5.8E"></span>生态与经济</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：生态与经济"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>白海分布有超过700种<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E8%84%8A%E6%A4%8E%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="无脊椎动物">无脊椎动物</a>、约60种<a href="/wiki/%E9%B1%BC%E7%B1%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="鱼类">鱼类</a>和多种<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%8B%E5%93%BA%E4%B9%B3%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="海洋哺乳動物">海洋哺乳动物</a>，包括<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%B2%B8" title="白鲸">白鲸</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%AF%E7%81%A3%E9%BC%A0%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%9A" title="港灣鼠海豚">港湾鼠海豚</a>，而<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%93%E5%A4%B4%E9%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="弓头鲸">弓头鲸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%A7%E5%A4%B4%E9%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="座头鲸">座头鲸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%93%B6%E9%BC%BB%E9%AF%A8" title="北瓶鼻鯨">北瓶鼻鲸</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E%E9%B2%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="虎鲸">虎鲸</a>则颇为罕见。<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>白海沿岸渔业不甚发达，主要捕捞对象为<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%8E%E7%90%B4%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="豎琴海豹">竖琴海豹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%AF%E6%96%91%E6%B5%B7%E8%B1%B9" title="环斑海豹">环斑海豹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%B1%E9%B1%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="鲱鱼">鲱鱼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%AC%E7%AA%81%E9%B1%88" title="寬突鱈">宽突鳕</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E9%B1%88" title="大西洋鱈">大西洋鳕</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B%E9%B2%91" class="mw-redirect" title="大西洋鲑">大西洋鲑</a>，亦有发展中的海草种植产业。<sup id="cite_ref-bse_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bse-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-brit_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rev_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>此外，由于白海-波罗的海运河的建立，船只可从<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%B6%85%E5%8A%A0%E6%B9%96" title="奥涅加湖">奥涅加湖</a>出发经白海前往<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%E5%A0%A1" title="圣彼得堡">圣彼得堡</a>，并通过<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E7%88%BE%E5%8A%A0%E2%94%80%E6%B3%A2%E7%BE%85%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7%E6%B0%B4%E8%B7%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="伏爾加─波羅的海水路">伏尔加─波罗的海水路</a>前往<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8F%E5%B0%94%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%B3" title="伏尔加河">伏尔加河</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="里海">里海</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%80%9F%E6%B5%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="亚速海">亚速海</a>沿岸的港口。白海沿岸的重要港口包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B1%89%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B" title="阿尔汉格尔斯克">阿尔汉格尔斯克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%B6%85%E5%8A%A0" title="奧涅加">奥涅加</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%B4%A5" title="梅津">梅津</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E5%A7%86" title="凱姆">凯姆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E8%BE%BE%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E6%B2%99" title="坎达拉克沙">坎达拉克沙</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%B7%B4_(%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF)" title="温巴 (俄罗斯)">温巴</a>。虽然白海会在冬季封冻，但由于有<a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E5%86%B0%E8%88%B9" title="破冰船">破冰船</a>全年皆可通航。<sup id="cite_ref-brit_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考资料"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E8.B5.84.E6.96.99"></span>参考资料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：参考资料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bse-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-0"><sup><b>1.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-1"><sup><b>1.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-2"><sup><b>1.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-3"><sup><b>1.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-4"><sup><b>1.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-5"><sup><b>1.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-6"><sup><b>1.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-7"><sup><b>1.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-8"><sup><b>1.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-9"><sup><b>1.09</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bse_1-10"><sup><b>1.10</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bse.sci-lib.com/article107048.html">White Sea</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20120309055635/http://bse.sci-lib.com/article107048.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, 苏联大百科全书 (俄语)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brit_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_2-2"><sup><b>2.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_2-3"><sup><b>2.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_2-4"><sup><b>2.4</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_2-5"><sup><b>2.5</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_2-6"><sup><b>2.6</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_2-7"><sup><b>2.7</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/642594/White-Sea">White Sea</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150430024805/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/642594/White-Sea">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Encyclopædia Britannica on-line</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rev-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-0"><sup><b>3.00</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-1"><sup><b>3.01</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-2"><sup><b>3.02</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-3"><sup><b>3.03</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-4"><sup><b>3.04</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-5"><sup><b>3.05</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-6"><sup><b>3.06</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-7"><sup><b>3.07</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-8"><sup><b>3.08</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rev_3-9"><sup><b>3.09</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. D. Dobrovolskyi 和 B. S. Zalogin <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tapemark.narod.ru/more/10.html">"Seas of USSR. White Sea"</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160303202332/http://tapemark.narod.ru/more/10.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）, Moscow University (1982) (俄语)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf">Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. International Hydrographic Organization. 1953 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2020]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111008191433/http://www.iho-ohi.net/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S23_1953.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2011-10-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&rft.btitle=Limits+of+Oceans+and+Seas%2C+3rd+edition&rft.date=1953&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=International+Hydrographic+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiho.int%2Fuploads%2Fuser%2Fpubs%2Fstandards%2Fs-23%2FS-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Alexey K Pavlov; Colin Andrew Stedmon; A V Semushin; Tonu Martma. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297617463_Linkages_between_the_circulation_and_distribution_of_dissolved_organic_matter_in_the_White_Sea_Arctic_Ocean">Linkages between the circulation and distribution of dissolved organic matter in the White Sea, Arctic Ocean</a>. Continental Shelf Research. 2014, <b>119</b>: 1–13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-09-07</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.csr.2016.03.004"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1016/j.csr.2016.03.004</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220907165129/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/297617463_Linkages_between_the_circulation_and_distribution_of_dissolved_organic_matter_in_the_White_Sea_Arctic_Ocean">存档</a>于2022-09-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&rft.atitle=Linkages+between+the+circulation+and+distribution+of+dissolved+organic+matter+in+the+White+Sea%2C+Arctic+Ocean&rft.au=A+V+Semushin&rft.au=Alexey+K+Pavlov&rft.au=Colin+Andrew+Stedmon&rft.au=Tonu+Martma&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Continental+Shelf+Research&rft.pages=1-13&rft.volume=119&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F297617463_Linkages_between_the_circulation_and_distribution_of_dissolved_organic_matter_in_the_White_Sea_Arctic_Ocean&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.csr.2016.03.004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Andreas Krell; Caroline Ummenhofer; Gerhar Kattner; Andrew Donatovich Naumov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225569233_The_biology_and_chemistry_of_land_fast_ice_in_the_White_Sea_Russia-A_comparison_of_winter_and_spring_conditions">The biology and chemistry of land fast ice in the White Sea, Russia—A comparison of winter and spring conditions</a>. Polar Biology. 2003, <b>26</b>: 707–719 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-09-07</span>]</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00300-003-0543-7"><span title="數位物件識別號">doi:10.1007/s00300-003-0543-7</span></a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220907195758/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225569233_The_biology_and_chemistry_of_land_fast_ice_in_the_White_Sea_Russia-A_comparison_of_winter_and_spring_conditions">存档</a>于2022-09-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&rft.atitle=The+biology+and+chemistry+of+land+fast+ice+in+the+White+Sea%2C+Russia%E2%80%94A+comparison+of+winter+and+spring+conditions&rft.au=Andreas+Krell&rft.au=Andrew+Donatovich+Naumov&rft.au=Caroline+Ummenhofer&rft.au=Gerhar+Kattner&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Polar+Biology&rft.pages=707-719&rft.volume=26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F225569233_The_biology_and_chemistry_of_land_fast_ice_in_the_White_Sea_Russia-A_comparison_of_winter_and_spring_conditions&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00300-003-0543-7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-h1_7-0"><sup><b>7.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h1_7-1"><sup><b>7.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://holmogory.poccia.ru/index.php">霍尔莫戈雷城市官网</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20100623024412/http://holmogory.poccia.ru/index.php">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） (俄语)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">March, G. Patrick. 3: Ivan IV and the Muscovite <i>Drang nach Osten</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eNc7bwXKs_kC">Eastern Destiny: Russia in Asia and the North Pacific</a>. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger Publishers. 1996: 26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2017-02-08</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9780275956486" title="Special:网络书源/9780275956486"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9780275956486</a>. <q>It was in pursuit of a northeast passage that the English under the leadership of Richard Chancellor arrived in Kholmogory in 1553.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&rft.atitle=3%3A+Ivan+IV+and+the+Muscovite+Drang+nach+Osten&rft.aufirst=G.+Patrick&rft.aulast=March&rft.btitle=Eastern+Destiny%3A+Russia+in+Asia+and+the+North+Pacific&rft.date=1996&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9780275956486&rft.pages=26&rft.place=Westport%2C+Connecticut&rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeNc7bwXKs_kC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Laughton, John Knox. <a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Chancellor,_Richard_(DNB00)" class="extiw" title="s:en:Chancellor, Richard (DNB00)">Chancellor, Richard</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E6%96%AF%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC" title="莱斯利·斯蒂芬">Stephen, Leslie</a> (编). <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a> <b>10</b>. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1887.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&rft.atitle=Chancellor%2C+Richard&rft.aufirst=John+Knox&rft.aulast=Laughton&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.date=1887&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henryk Zins <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IK_nAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA35"><i>England and the Baltic in the Elizabethan era</i></a>, Manchester University Press, 1972 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r61200749">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-87471-117-7" title="Special:网络书源/0-87471-117-7">0-87471-117-7</a> pp. 35,38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Isabel De Madariaga <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xdFVn1v3FMUC&pg=PA121"><i>Ivan the Terrible</i></a>, Yale University Press, 2006 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r61200749"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E4%B9%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="国际标准书号">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/0-300-11973-9" title="Special:网络书源/0-300-11973-9">0-300-11973-9</a> p. 121</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090209051525/http://www.lomonosovo.ru/joom/content/view/9/1/">Kholmogory</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-09-10</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lomonosovo.ru/joom/content/view/9/1/">原始内容</a>存档于9 February 2009）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&rft.btitle=Kholmogory&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lomonosovo.ru%2Fjoom%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F9%2F1%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>. lomonosovo.ru (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Filatov N., Pozdnyakov D., Johannessen M.O.,, Pettersson H.L.,, Bobylev P.L., 2005, White Sea: Its Marine Environment and Ecosystem Dynamics Influenced by Global Change, pp.174, Praxis Publishing, Springer, retrieved on 06-05-2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180707091305/http://kandalaksha-reserve.ru/novosti-1/143-bolshoy-gost-v-belom-more/page,6/">Большой гость в Белом море</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-09-07</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kandalaksha-reserve.ru/novosti-1/143-bolshoy-gost-v-belom-more/page,6/">原始内容</a>存档于2018-07-07）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B2+%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkandalaksha-reserve.ru%2Fnovosti-1%2F143-bolshoy-gost-v-belom-more%2Fpage%2C6%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web">毛汉英. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://h.bkzx.cn/item/192172">白海</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6" title="中国大百科全书">中国大百科全书</a>》（第二版）. 中国大百科全书出版社. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-10-01</span>]</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（中国大陆）网页">（中文（中国大陆））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&rft.atitle=%E7%99%BD%E6%B5%B7&rft.au=%E6%AF%9B%E6%B1%89%E8%8B%B1&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%85%A8%E4%B9%A6%E3%80%8B%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fh.bkzx.cn%2Fitem%2F192172&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div 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href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%BE%97%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E6%B5%B7" title="亚得里亚海">亚得里亚海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E7%90%B4%E6%B5%B7" title="爱琴海">爱琴海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%83%E5%85%B0%E6%B5%B7" title="阿尔沃兰海">阿尔沃兰海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A4%E5%B2%9B%E6%B5%B7" title="群岛海">群岛海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%A0%B9%E5%BB%B7%E6%B5%B7" title="阿根廷海">阿根廷海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%8A%AC%E7%81%A3" title="巴芬灣">巴芬灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%88%A9%E9%98%BF%E9%87%8C%E6%B5%B7" title="巴利阿里海">巴利阿里海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%BD%97%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%B7" title="波罗的海">波罗的海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E6%96%AF%E9%96%8B%E7%81%A3" title="比斯開灣">比斯開灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E7%81%A3" title="波的尼亞灣">波的尼亞灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%8E%E4%BD%A9%E5%88%87%E6%B9%BE" title="坎佩切湾">坎佩切湾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%BF%AA%E6%B9%BE" title="芬迪湾">芬迪湾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E6%B5%B7" title="黑海">黑海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E6%BB%95%E6%B5%B7" title="博滕海">博滕海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E6%B5%B7" title="加勒比海">加勒比海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE%E7%89%B9%E6%B5%B7" title="凱爾特海">凱爾特海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%E6%96%AF%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1" title="戴维斯海峡">戴维斯海峡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%BA%A6%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1" title="丹麦海峡">丹麦海峡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%90%89%E5%88%A9%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1" title="英吉利海峡">英吉利海峡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%B9%BE" title="福克斯湾">福克斯湾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%99%B5%E5%85%B0%E6%B5%B7" title="格陵兰海">格陵兰海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AC%E8%98%AD%E7%81%A3" title="芬蘭灣">芬蘭灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E7%BF%81%E7%81%A3" title="利翁灣">利翁灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E5%86%85%E4%BA%9A%E6%B9%BE" title="几内亚湾">几内亚湾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E5%9B%A0%E6%B9%BE" title="缅因湾">缅因湾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%A8%E8%A5%BF%E5%93%A5%E6%B9%BE" title="墨西哥湾">墨西哥湾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%E7%81%A3" title="聖羅倫斯灣">聖羅倫斯灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%94%E5%86%85%E7%91%9E%E6%8B%89%E6%B9%BE" title="委内瑞拉湾">委内瑞拉湾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%BE%97%E5%AD%99%E6%B9%BE" title="哈得孙湾">哈得孙湾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%81%A3" title="詹姆斯灣">詹姆斯灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%B5%B7" title="伊奥尼亚海">爱奥尼亚海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="愛爾蘭海">愛爾蘭海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE%E6%98%8E%E5%8E%84%E6%B5%B7" title="伊爾明厄海">伊爾明厄海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%9A%E6%B5%B7" title="拉布拉多海">拉布拉多海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%87%A1%E7%89%B9%E6%B5%B7" title="黎凡特海">黎凡特海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%AF%94%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%B7" title="利比亞海">利比亞海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%A4%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9E%E6%B5%B7" title="利古里亞海">利古里亞海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%94%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E6%B5%B7" title="马尔马拉海">马尔马拉海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E4%B8%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="地中海">地中海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%E6%89%98%E7%BF%81%E6%B5%B7" title="米爾托翁海">米爾托翁海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%B5%B7_(%E5%A4%A7%E8%A5%BF%E6%B4%8B)" title="北海 (大西洋)">北海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81%E6%B5%B7" title="挪威海">挪威海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%BE%85%E5%80%AB%E6%96%AF%E6%B5%B7%E9%81%93" title="聖羅倫斯海道">聖羅倫斯海道</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%B0%BE%E8%97%BB%E6%B5%B7" title="马尾藻海">马尾藻海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E8%98%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="奧蘭海">奧蘭海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%80%9F%E6%B5%B7" title="亞速海">亞速海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9%E6%B5%B7" title="克里特海">克里特海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E5%BA%95%E6%B5%B7" title="赫布里底海">赫布里底海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%B5%B7" title="色雷斯海">色雷斯海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%8B%92%E5%B0%BC%E5%AE%89%E6%B5%B7" title="第勒尼安海">第勒尼安海</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%B4%8B" title="印度洋">印度洋</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%BE%BE%E6%9B%BC%E6%B5%B7" title="安达曼海">安达曼海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E4%BC%AF%E6%B5%B7" title="阿拉伯海">阿拉伯海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E7%81%A3" title="孟加拉灣">孟加拉灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E4%B8%81%E6%B9%BE" title="亚丁湾">亚丁湾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%96%80%E5%B7%B4%E6%B9%BE" title="亚喀巴湾">亚喀巴湾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%AF%E5%B8%95%E5%BE%B7%E6%B9%BE" title="肯帕德湾">坎贝湾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A5%87%E6%B9%BE" title="卡奇湾">卡奇湾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%9B%BC%E7%81%A3" title="阿曼灣">阿曼灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E4%BC%8A%E5%A3%AB%E6%B9%BE" title="苏伊士湾">苏伊士湾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%AB%E6%B5%B7" title="拉克代夫海">拉克代夫海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E6%AF%94%E5%85%8B%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1" title="莫桑比克海峡">莫桑比克海峡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E6%B9%BE" title="波斯湾">波斯湾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E6%B5%B7" title="红海">红海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%AD%E7%94%B2%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1" title="马六甲海峡">马六甲海峡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E6%B1%B6%E6%B5%B7" title="帝汶海">帝汶海</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B" title="太平洋">太平洋</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E6%B5%B7" title="阿拉弗拉海">阿拉弗拉海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B3%87%E9%87%8C%E6%B5%B7" title="峇里海">峇里海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E8%BE%BE%E6%B5%B7" title="班达海">班达海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BB%A4%E6%B5%B7" title="白令海">白令海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%BE%E6%96%AF%E9%BA%A6%E6%B5%B7" title="俾斯麦海">俾斯麦海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A4%E6%B5%B7" title="渤海">渤海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%92%8C%E6%B5%B7" title="保和海">保和海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E8%8E%AB%E7%89%B9%E6%96%AF%E6%B5%B7" title="卡莫特斯海">卡莫特斯海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%87%8C%E4%BC%AF%E6%96%AF%E6%B5%B7" title="西里伯斯海">西里伯斯海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD" title="台灣海峽">台灣海峽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A3%AB%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%BD" title="巴士海峽">巴士海峽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%98%AD%E6%B5%B7" title="塞蘭海">塞蘭海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%BA%E5%88%A9%E6%B5%B7" title="智利海">智利海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%8A%E7%91%9A%E6%B5%B7" title="珊瑚海">珊瑚海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%B5%B7" title="东海">东海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E5%8B%92%E6%96%AF%E6%B5%B7" title="弗洛勒斯海">弗洛勒斯海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%8A%A0%E6%B9%BE" title="阿拉斯加湾">阿拉斯加湾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E6%B9%BE" title="加利福尼亚湾">加利福尼亚湾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A5%94%E5%A1%94%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E7%81%A3" title="卡奔塔利亞灣">卡奔塔利亞灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%90%E5%A1%9E%E5%8D%A1%E7%81%A3" title="豐塞卡灣">豐塞卡灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%9C%8B%E7%81%A3" title="泰國灣">泰國灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%83%A8%E6%B9%BE" title="北部湾">北部湾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%A6%AC%E9%BB%91%E6%8B%89%E6%B5%B7" title="哈馬黑拉海">哈馬黑拉海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%AA%E5%93%87%E6%B5%B7" title="爪哇海">爪哇海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E7%BE%85%E6%B5%B7" title="科羅海">科羅海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9B%E5%8A%A0%E9%94%A1%E6%B5%B7%E5%B3%A1" title="望加锡海峡">望加锡海峡</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E9%AD%AF%E5%8F%A4%E6%B5%B7" title="馬魯古海">馬魯古海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E7%BE%85%E7%81%A3" title="莫羅灣">莫羅灣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%BE%8B%E5%AE%BE%E6%B5%B7" title="菲律宾海">菲律宾海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C%E6%B5%B7" title="薩利希海">薩利希海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E6%AD%A6%E6%B5%B7" title="萨武海">萨武海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B5%B7" title="日本海">日本海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E9%9C%8D%E6%AC%A1%E5%85%8B%E6%B5%B7" title="鄂霍次克海">鄂霍次克海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%80%A8%E6%88%B6%E5%85%A7%E6%B5%B7" title="瀨戶內海">瀨戶內海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB%E5%B8%83%E5%BB%B6%E6%B5%B7" title="錫布延海">錫布延海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%80%E7%BD%97%E9%97%A8%E6%B5%B7" title="所罗门海">所罗门海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%B5%B7" title="南海">南海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%A6%84%E6%B5%B7" title="苏禄海">苏禄海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E6%B5%B7" title="塔斯曼海">塔斯曼海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%B2%99%E9%84%A2%E6%B5%B7" title="米沙鄢海">米沙鄢海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%B5%B7" title="黄海">黄海</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%86%B0%E6%B4%8B" title="南冰洋">南冰洋</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%92%99%E6%A3%AE%E6%B5%B7" title="阿蒙森海">阿蒙森海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%AB%E6%9E%97%E6%96%AF%E9%AB%98%E6%99%8B%E6%B5%B7" title="别林斯高晋海">别林斯高晋海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E8%81%AF%E9%82%A6%E6%B5%B7" title="英聯邦海">英聯邦海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E8%88%AA%E5%93%A1%E6%B5%B7" title="宇航員海">宇航員海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%B6%AD%E6%96%AF%E6%B5%B7" title="戴維斯海">戴維斯海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%B7" title="迪尔维尔海">迪尔维尔海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E5%BA%B7%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%96%E6%B5%B7" title="哈康七世海">哈康七世海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%89%8E%E5%88%97%E5%A4%AB%E6%B5%B7" title="拉扎列夫海">拉扎列夫海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8C%E7%91%9F%E7%88%BE-%E6%8B%89%E6%A3%AE%E6%B5%B7" title="里瑟爾-拉森海">里瑟爾-拉森海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%A3%AE%E6%B5%B7" title="莫森海">莫森海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%B5%B7" title="罗斯海">罗斯海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E8%88%8D%E6%B5%B7" title="斯科舍海">斯科舍海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E8%8E%AB%E5%A4%AB%E6%B5%B7" title="索莫夫海">索莫夫海</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E6%B5%B7" title="威德尔海">威德尔海</a></li></ul> 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