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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Software to automate the Linux boot process</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Dracut</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dracut_output_screenshot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Dracut_output_screenshot.png/220px-Dracut_output_screenshot.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Dracut_output_screenshot.png/330px-Dracut_output_screenshot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Dracut_output_screenshot.png/440px-Dracut_output_screenshot.png 2x" data-file-width="878" data-file-height="354" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Output of dracut regenerating initramfs</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harald_Hoyer" title="Harald Hoyer">Harald Hoyer</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dracut-ng/dracut-ng/blob/main/AUTHORS">others</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">July 2009<span class="noprint">; 15 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2009-07</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">105 / 13 October 2024<span class="noprint">; 41 days ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2024-10-13</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dracut-ng/dracut-ng">github<wbr />.com<wbr />/dracut-ng<wbr />/dracut-ng</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254477#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell)" title="Bash (Unix shell)">Bash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Initial_ramdisk" title="Initial ramdisk">Initial_ramdisk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GPLv2+</a>, <a href="/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License" title="GNU Lesser General Public License">LGPLv2+</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dracut-ng.github.io">dracut-ng<wbr />.github<wbr />.io</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dracut</b> is a set of tools that provide enhanced functionality for automating the <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> <a href="/wiki/Booting" title="Booting">boot process</a>. The tool named <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">dracut</span> is used to create a Linux boot image (<a href="/wiki/Initramfs" class="mw-redirect" title="Initramfs">initramfs</a>) by copying tools and files from an installed system and combining it with the Dracut framework, which is usually found in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">/usr/lib/dracut/modules.d</span>. </p><p>Unlike existing Linux <a href="/wiki/Boot_image" title="Boot image">boot images</a>, the Dracut framework attempts to introduce as little hard-coded logic into the initramfs as possible.<sup id="cite_ref-dracut_Wiki_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dracut_Wiki-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The initramfs has essentially one purpose: locating and <a href="/wiki/Mount_(computing)" title="Mount (computing)">mounting</a> the real <a href="/wiki/Root_file_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Root file system">root file system</a> so that the boot process can transition to it.<sup id="cite_ref-dracut_Wiki_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dracut_Wiki-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This functionality is dependent on device availability.<sup id="cite_ref-dracut_Wiki_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dracut_Wiki-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, instead of having hard-coded <a href="/wiki/Script_(computer_programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Script (computer programming)">scripts</a> to determine device availability and suitability, Dracut's initramfs depends on the Linux device manager (<a href="/wiki/Udev" title="Udev">udev</a>) to create <a href="/wiki/Symbolic_link" title="Symbolic link">symbolic links</a> to <a href="/wiki/Device_node" class="mw-redirect" title="Device node">device nodes</a>. When the root file system's device node appears, Dracut mounts it as the new root file system. This helps to minimize the time required in initramfs so that things like a 5-second boot are now made possible.<sup id="cite_ref-dracut_Wiki_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dracut_Wiki-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the initramfs generation functionality in Dracut is provided by generator modules that are sourced by the main <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">dracut</span> tool to install specific functionality into the initramfs.<sup id="cite_ref-dracut_Wiki_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dracut_Wiki-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They live in the modules <a href="/wiki/Subdirectory" class="mw-redirect" title="Subdirectory">subdirectory</a>, and use functionality provided by dracut-functions to do their work.<sup id="cite_ref-dracut_Wiki_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dracut_Wiki-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently, dracut supports booting from <a href="/wiki/Ext2" title="Ext2">ext2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ext3" title="Ext3">ext3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ext4" title="Ext4">ext4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Btrfs" title="Btrfs">btrfs</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">ISO_9660</a>, <a href="/wiki/Device_mapper" title="Device mapper">DM RAID</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mdadm" title="Mdadm">MD RAID</a>, <a href="/wiki/LVM2" class="mw-redirect" title="LVM2">LVM2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux_DM_Multipath" title="Linux DM Multipath">device mapper multipath I/O</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dm-crypt" title="Dm-crypt">dm-crypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cifs" class="mw-redirect" title="Cifs">cifs</a>, <a href="/wiki/FCoE" class="mw-redirect" title="FCoE">FCoE</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISCSI" title="ISCSI">iSCSI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Network_block_device" title="Network block device">NBD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Network_File_System" title="Network File System">NFS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dracut_documentation_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dracut_documentation-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adoption">Adoption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dracut_(software)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat" title="Red Hat">Red Hat</a> is the original author of dracut. Red Hat-derived <a href="/wiki/Linux_distribution" title="Linux distribution">Linux distributions</a> use dracut for initramfs creation. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora Linux</a> since version 12, Constantine<sup id="cite_ref-Fedora_Feature_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fedora_Feature-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a> since version 6<sup id="cite_ref-RHEL_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RHEL-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenSUSE" title="OpenSUSE">openSUSE</a> since version 13.2, when it became the default initramfs creation tool<sup id="cite_ref-opensuse_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-opensuse-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUSE_Linux_Enterprise_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="SUSE Linux Enterprise Server">SUSE Linux Enterprise Server</a> since version 12</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Void_Linux" title="Void Linux">Void Linux</a><sup id="cite_ref-voidlinux_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voidlinux-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenMandriva_Lx" title="OpenMandriva Lx">OpenMandriva Lx</a>, since it was <a href="/wiki/Mandriva_Linux" title="Mandriva Linux">Mandriva Linux</a> in 2011<sup id="cite_ref-mandriva_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mandriva-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mageia" title="Mageia">Mageia</a> since Mageia 2<sup id="cite_ref-mageia_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mageia-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentoo_Linux" title="Gentoo Linux">Gentoo</a> for distribution kernels since 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-gentoo-distkernel_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gentoo-distkernel-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for custom kernels possible since 2010<sup id="cite_ref-gentoo_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gentoo-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KaOS" title="KaOS">KaOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EndeavourOS" title="EndeavourOS">EndeavourOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Linux" title="Azure Linux">Azure Linux</a></li></ul> <p>Distributions which include dracut, but do not use it by default for initramfs creation: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> since version 6 (Squeeze)<sup id="cite_ref-debian_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-debian-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arch_Linux" title="Arch Linux">Arch Linux</a> in extra repository<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> since version 18.04<sup id="cite_ref-ubuntu_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ubuntu-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_Linux" title="Alpine Linux">Alpine Linux</a> in community repository<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Most other distributions have made dracut available as an optional <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repology.org/project/dracut/versions">package</a> to replace the distribution's default initramfs generator. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dracut_(software)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NewTux.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/16px-NewTux.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/24px-NewTux.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/NewTux.svg/32px-NewTux.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="625" data-file-height="750" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Linux" title="Portal:Linux">Linux</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/19px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/29px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/38px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dracut_(software)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dracut_Wiki-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dracut_Wiki_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dracut_Wiki_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dracut_Wiki_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dracut_Wiki_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dracut_Wiki_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dracut_Wiki_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dracut-ng/dracut-ng/wiki"><i>dracut Wiki</i></a>, github.com<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-10</span></span></cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=RHEL6+SRPMS+FTP&rft.pub=redhat.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fftp.redhat.com%2Fredhat%2Flinux%2Fenterprise%2F6Server%2Fen%2Fos%2FSRPMS%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADracut+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-opensuse-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-opensuse_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.opensuse.org/openSUSE:Major_features"><i>openSUSE 13.2 Major features</i></a>, openSUSE project<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-04</span></span></cite><span 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=dracut-010-6-mdv2011.0.noarch.rpm&rft.pub=pkgs.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpkgs.org%2Fdownload%2Fdracut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADracut+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.openmandriva.org/en/Kernel"><i>Kernel</i></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kernel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.openmandriva.org%2Fen%2FKernel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADracut+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mageia-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mageia_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://madb.mageia.org/package/show/application/0/name/dracut"><i>Mageia App Db</i></a>, mageia.madb.org<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-10</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mageia+App+Db&rft.pub=mageia.madb.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmadb.mageia.org%2Fpackage%2Fshow%2Fapplication%2F0%2Fname%2Fdracut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADracut+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gentoo-distkernel-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gentoo-distkernel_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/gentoo/gentoo/commit/6c42ffb977082bd8bc38e1cf3d851580796bfec8"><i>kernel-install.eclass: Install logic for dist-kernels</i></a>, Gentoo Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-06</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=kernel-install.eclass%3A+Install+logic+for+dist-kernels&rft.pub=Gentoo+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fgentoo%2Fgentoo%2Fcommit%2F6c42ffb977082bd8bc38e1cf3d851580796bfec8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADracut+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gentoo-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gentoo_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Dracut"><i>Dracut - Gentoo Wiki</i></a>, wiki.gentoo.org<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-10</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dracut+-+Gentoo+Wiki&rft.pub=wiki.gentoo.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwiki.gentoo.org%2Fwiki%2FDracut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADracut+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-debian-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-debian_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://packages.debian.org/squeeze/dracut"><i>Package: dracut (005-1)</i></a>, debian.org<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-10</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Package%3A+dracut+%28005-1%29&rft.pub=debian.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpackages.debian.org%2Fsqueeze%2Fdracut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADracut+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archlinux.org/packages/extra/x86_64/dracut/">"Arch Linux - dracut 049-2 (x86_64)"</a>, <i>www.archlinux.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-21</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.archlinux.org&rft.atitle=Arch+Linux+-+dracut+049-2+%28x86_64%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archlinux.org%2Fpackages%2Fextra%2Fx86_64%2Fdracut%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADracut+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ubuntu-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ubuntu_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://packages.ubuntu.com/bionic/dracut"><i>Package: dracut (047-2) [universe]</i></a>, ubuntu.com<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-27</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Package%3A+dracut+%28047-2%29+%5Buniverse%5D&rft.pub=ubuntu.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpackages.ubuntu.com%2Fbionic%2Fdracut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADracut+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/package/edge/community/x86_64/dracut">"Alpine - dracut"</a>, <i>www.alpinelinux.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-02-27</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.alpinelinux.org&rft.atitle=Alpine+-+dracut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpkgs.alpinelinux.org%2Fpackage%2Fedge%2Fcommunity%2Fx86_64%2Fdracut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADracut+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dracut_(software)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dracut-ng/dracut-ng/">Dracut source files</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/dracut-ng/dracut-ng/blob/master/man/dracut.8.asc">Dracut manual page</a></li></ul> <div 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Linux_kernel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Linux_kernel" title="Template:Linux kernel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Linux_kernel" title="Template talk:Linux kernel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Linux_kernel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Linux kernel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Linux_kernel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Kernel" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kernel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Foundation" title="Linux Foundation">Linux Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Mark_Institute" title="Linux Mark Institute">Linux Mark Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus%27s_law" title="Linus's law">Linus's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanenbaum%E2%80%93Torvalds_debate" title="Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate">Tanenbaum–Torvalds debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tux_(mascot)" title="Tux (mascot)">Tux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCO%E2%80%93Linux_disputes" title="SCO–Linux disputes">SCO disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linaro" title="Linaro">Linaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License#Version_2" title="GNU General Public License">GNU GPL v2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menuconfig" title="Menuconfig">menuconfig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Linux-supported_computer_architectures" title="List of Linux-supported computer architectures">Supported computer architectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel_version_history" title="Linux kernel version history">Version history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Linux" title="Criticism of Linux">Criticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Developers <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Linux_Programming_Interface" title="The Linux Programming Interface">The Linux Programming Interface</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernel.org" title="Kernel.org">kernel.org</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel_mailing_list" title="Linux kernel mailing list">LKML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux conference">Linux conferences</a></li></ul></li> <li>Users <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linux_user_group" title="Linux user group">Linux User Group (LUG)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debugging</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CRIU" title="CRIU">CRIU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ftrace" title="Ftrace">ftrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kdump_(Linux)" title="Kdump (Linux)">kdump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel_oops" title="Linux kernel oops">Linux kernel oops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SystemTap" title="SystemTap">SystemTap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Packet_Filter" title="Berkeley Packet Filter">BPF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Booting_process_of_Linux" title="Booting process of Linux">Startup</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vmlinux" title="Vmlinux">vmlinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System.map" title="System.map">System.map</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">dracut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initrd" class="mw-redirect" title="Initrd">initrd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Initramfs" class="mw-redirect" title="Initramfs">initramfs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel_interfaces" title="Linux kernel interfaces">ABIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">Linux Standard Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X32_ABI" title="X32 ABI">x32 ABI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel_interfaces" title="Linux kernel interfaces">APIs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kernel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel_interfaces#SCI" title="Linux kernel interfaces">System Call<br />Interface</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ioctl" title="Ioctl">ioctl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Select_(Unix)" title="Select (Unix)">select</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_(system_call)" title="Open (system call)">open</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read_(system_call)" title="Read (system call)">read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Close_(system_call)" title="Close (system call)">close</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sync_(Unix)" title="Sync (Unix)">sync</a></li> <li>…</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel_interfaces#Additions_to_POSIX" title="Linux kernel interfaces">Linux-only</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Futex" title="Futex">futex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoll" title="Epoll">epoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splice_(system_call)" title="Splice (system call)">splice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dnotify" title="Dnotify">dnotify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inotify" title="Inotify">inotify</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readahead" title="Readahead">readahead</a></li> <li>…</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel_interfaces#In–kernel_APIs" title="Linux kernel interfaces">In-kernel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture" title="Advanced Linux Sound Architecture">ALSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto_API_(Linux)" title="Crypto API (Linux)">Crypto API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Io_uring" title="Io uring">io uring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Rendering_Manager" title="Direct Rendering Manager">DRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernfs_(Linux)" title="Kernfs (Linux)">kernfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_barrier" title="Memory barrier">Memory barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_API" title="New API">New API</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Read-copy-update" title="Read-copy-update">RCU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video4Linux" title="Video4Linux">Video4Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IIO_Framework" title="IIO Framework">IIO</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/User_space_and_kernel_space" title="User space and kernel space">Userspace</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Daemon_(computing)" title="Daemon (computing)">Daemons</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Virtual_file_system" title="Virtual file system">File systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>bpffs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Configfs" title="Configfs">configfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devfs" class="mw-redirect" title="Devfs">devfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devpts" title="Devpts">devpts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debugfs" title="Debugfs">debugfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filesystem_in_Userspace" title="Filesystem in Userspace">FUSE</a></li> <li>hugetlbfs</li> <li>pipefs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procfs" title="Procfs">procfs</a></li> <li>securityfs</li> <li>sockfs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sysfs" title="Sysfs">sysfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tmpfs" title="Tmpfs">tmpfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systemd" title="Systemd">systemd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Udev" title="Udev">udev</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kmscon" title="Kmscon">Kmscon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wrapper_library" title="Wrapper library">Wrapper<br />libraries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C_standard_library" title="C standard library">C standard library</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glibc" title="Glibc">glibc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UClibc" title="UClibc">uClibc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bionic_(software)" title="Bionic (software)">Bionic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libhybris" title="Libhybris">libhybris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietlibc" title="Dietlibc">dietlibc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_GLIBC" class="mw-redirect" title="Embedded GLIBC">EGLIBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klibc" title="Klibc">klibc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musl" title="Musl">musl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newlib" title="Newlib">Newlib</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cgroups" title="Cgroups">libcgroup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Rendering_Manager" title="Direct Rendering Manager">libdrm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Linux_Sound_Architecture" title="Advanced Linux Sound Architecture">libalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evdev" title="Evdev">libevdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libusb" title="Libusb">libusb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Io_uring" title="Io uring">liburing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loadable_kernel_module" title="Loadable kernel module">Kernel modules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlueZ" class="mw-redirect" title="BlueZ">BlueZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cgroups" title="Cgroups">cgroups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_console" title="Linux console">Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bcache" title="Bcache">bcache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_mapper" title="Device mapper">Device mapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dm-cache" title="Dm-cache">dm-cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dm-crypt" title="Dm-crypt">dm-crypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Rendering_Manager" title="Direct Rendering Manager">DRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDAC_(Linux)" class="mw-redirect" title="EDAC (Linux)">EDAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evdev" title="Evdev">evdev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernel_same-page_merging" title="Kernel same-page merging">Kernel same-page merging</a> (KSM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIO_(SCSI_target)" title="LIO (SCSI target)">LIO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_framebuffer" title="Linux framebuffer">Framebuffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logical_Volume_Manager_(Linux)" title="Logical Volume Manager (Linux)">LVM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KMS_driver" class="mw-redirect" title="KMS driver">KMS driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netfilter" title="Netfilter">Netfilter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netlink" title="Netlink">Netlink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nftables" title="Nftables">nftables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_scheduler" title="Network scheduler">Network scheduler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perf_(Linux)" title="Perf (Linux)">perf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLUB_(software)" title="SLUB (software)">SLUB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zram" title="Zram">zram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zswap" title="Zswap">zswap</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scheduling_(computing)#Linux" title="Scheduling (computing)">Process and I/O schedulers</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain_Fuck_Scheduler" title="Brain Fuck Scheduler">Brain Fuck Scheduler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Completely_Fair_Scheduler" title="Completely Fair Scheduler">Completely Fair Scheduler</a> (CFS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earliest_eligible_virtual_deadline_first_scheduling" title="Earliest eligible virtual deadline first scheduling">Earliest eligible virtual deadline first</a> (EEVDF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noop_scheduler" title="Noop scheduler">Noop scheduler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O(n)_scheduler" title="O(n) scheduler">O(n) scheduler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O(1)_scheduler" title="O(1) scheduler">O(1) scheduler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCHED_DEADLINE" title="SCHED DEADLINE">SCHED_DEADLINE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCHED_FIFO" class="mw-redirect" title="SCHED FIFO">SCHED_FIFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCHED_RR" class="mw-redirect" title="SCHED RR">SCHED_RR</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Security_Modules" title="Linux Security Modules">Security Modules</a>: <a href="/wiki/AppArmor" title="AppArmor">AppArmor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exec_Shield" title="Exec Shield">Exec Shield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seccomp" title="Seccomp">seccomp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security-Enhanced_Linux" title="Security-Enhanced Linux">SELinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smack_(software)" title="Smack (software)">Smack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomoyo_Linux" title="Tomoyo Linux">Tomoyo Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_PAM" title="Linux PAM">Linux PAM</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Device_driver" title="Device driver">Device drivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_open-source_wireless_drivers" title="Comparison of open-source wireless drivers">802.11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_graphics_device_driver" title="Free and open-source graphics device driver">graphics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raw_device" title="Raw device">Raw device</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Initramfs" class="mw-redirect" title="Initramfs">initramfs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KernelCare" title="KernelCare">KernelCare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kexec" title="Kexec">kexec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KGraft" title="KGraft">kGraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kpatch" title="Kpatch">kpatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksplice" title="Ksplice">Ksplice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainline_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainline Linux">Mainline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linux_kernel" title="Linux kernel">Linux kernel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux-libre" title="Linux-libre">Linux-libre</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-performance_computing" title="High-performance computing">High-performance computing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/INK_(operating_system)" title="INK (operating system)">INK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compute_Node_Linux" title="Compute Node Linux">Compute Node Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slurm_Workload_Manager" title="Slurm Workload Manager">SLURM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real-time_computing" title="Real-time computing">Real-time computing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RTLinux" title="RTLinux">RTLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTAI" title="RTAI">RTAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenomai" title="Xenomai">Xenomai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PREEMPT_RT" title="PREEMPT RT">PREEMPT_RT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_management_unit" title="Memory management unit">MMU</a>-less <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%9CClinux" title="ΜClinux">μClinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSXLinux" title="PSXLinux">PSXLinux</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Virtualization" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virtualization" title="Virtualization">Virtualization</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypervisor" title="Hypervisor">Hypervisor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kernel-based_Virtual_Machine" title="Kernel-based Virtual Machine">KVM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xen" title="Xen">Xen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OS-level_virtualization" title="OS-level virtualization">OS-level virtualization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linux-VServer" title="Linux-VServer">Linux-VServer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lguest" title="Lguest">Lguest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LXC" title="LXC">LXC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenVZ" title="OpenVZ">OpenVZ</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L4Linux" title="L4Linux">L4Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ELinOS" title="ELinOS">ELinOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User-mode_Linux" title="User-mode Linux">User-mode Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MkLinux" title="MkLinux">MkLinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Linux" title="Cooperative Linux">coLinux</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linux_adoption" title="Linux adoption">Adoption</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Rangeof_use" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Linux_range_of_use" title="Linux range of use">Range<br />of use</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linux_desktop_environments" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux desktop environments">Desktop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_on_embedded_systems" title="Linux on embedded systems">Embedded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_and_Linux" title="Video games and Linux">Gaming</a></li> <li>Thin client: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Terminal_Server_Project" title="Linux Terminal Server Project">LTSP</a></li></ul></li> <li>Server: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LAMP_(software_bundle)" title="LAMP (software bundle)">LAMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LYME_(software_bundle)" title="LYME (software bundle)">LYME-LYCE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux-powered_device" title="Linux-powered device">Devices</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adopters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Linux_adopters" title="List of Linux adopters">List of Linux adopters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NewTux.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" 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