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measure</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Quaternion measure"> <meta name="keywords" content="Quaternion measure"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Quaternion measure"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1060</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Quaternion measure</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1060</span> Necessary and Sufficient Condition for the Quaternion Vector Measure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mei%20Li">Mei Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fahui%20Zhai"> Fahui Zhai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the definitions of the quaternion measure and the quaternion vector measure are introduced. The relation between the quaternion measure and the complex vector measure as well as the relation between the quaternion linear functional and the complex linear functional are discussed respectively. By using these relations, the necessary and sufficient condition to determine the quaternion vector measure is given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quaternion" title="Quaternion">Quaternion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quaternion%20measure" title=" Quaternion measure"> Quaternion measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quaternion%20vector%0D%0Ameasure" title=" Quaternion vector measure"> Quaternion vector measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quaternion%20Banach%20space" title=" Quaternion Banach space"> Quaternion Banach space</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quaternion%20linear%20functional." title=" Quaternion linear functional."> Quaternion linear functional.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/necessary-and-sufficient-condition-for-the-quaternion-vector-measure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006038.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1274</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1059</span> Curvature of Almost Split Quaternion Kaehler Manifolds </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Erhan%20Ata">Erhan Ata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Hilmi%20Hacisaliho%C4%9Flu"> H. Hilmi Hacisaliho臒lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yusuf%20Yayli"> Yusuf Yayli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work some characterizations of semi Riemannian curvature tensor on almost split quaternion Kaehler manifolds and some characterizations of Ricci tensor on almost split quaternion Kaehler manifolds are given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Almost%20split%20quaternion%20Kaehler%20manifold" title="Almost split quaternion Kaehler manifold">Almost split quaternion Kaehler manifold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Riemann%20curvature" title="Riemann curvature">Riemann curvature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ricci%20curvature." title=" Ricci curvature."> Ricci curvature.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3040/curvature-of-almost-split-quaternion-kaehler-manifolds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3040/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3040/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3040/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3040/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3040/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3040/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3040/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3040/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3040/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3040/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1759</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1058</span> Analysis of Euler Angles in a Simple Two-Axis Gimbals Set</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ma%20Myint%20Myint%20Aye">Ma Myint Myint Aye</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Any rotation of a 3-dimensional object can be performed by three consecutive rotations over Euler angles. Intrinsic rotations produce the same result as extrinsic rotations in transformation. Euler rotations are the movement obtained by changing one of the Euler angles while leaving the other two constant. These Euler rotations are applied in a simple two-axis gimbals set mounted on an automotives. The values of Euler angles are [π/4, π/4, π/4] radians inside the angles ranges for a given coordinate system and these actual orientations can be directly measured from these gimbals set of moving automotives but it can occur the gimbals lock in application at [π/2.24, 0, 0] radians. In order to avoid gimbals lock, the values of quaternion must be [π/4.8, π/8.2, 0, π/4.8] radians. The four-gimbals set can eliminate gimbals lock.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Intrinsic%20rotations" title="Intrinsic rotations">Intrinsic rotations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=extrinsic%20rotations" title=" extrinsic rotations"> extrinsic rotations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Euler%20rotations" title=" Euler rotations"> Euler rotations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=rotation%20matrices" title=" rotation matrices"> rotation matrices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=quaternion." title=" quaternion."> quaternion.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3518/analysis-of-euler-angles-in-a-simple-two-axis-gimbals-set" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3518/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3518/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3518/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3518/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3518/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3518/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3518/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3518/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3518/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3518/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3518.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1057</span> Dynamic Time Warping in Gait Classificationof Motion Capture Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adam%20%C5%9Awito%C5%84ski">Adam 艢wito艅ski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Agnieszka%20Michalczuk"> Agnieszka Michalczuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Henryk%20Josi%C5%84ski"> Henryk Josi艅ski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Andrzej%20Pola%C5%84ski"> Andrzej Pola艅ski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=KonradWojciechowski"> KonradWojciechowski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The method of gait identification based on the nearest neighbor classification technique with motion similarity assessment by the dynamic time warping is proposed. The model based kinematic motion data, represented by the joints rotations coded by Euler angles and unit quaternions is used. The different pose distance functions in Euler angles and quaternion spaces are considered. To evaluate individual features of the subsequent joints movements during gait cycle, joint selection is carried out. To examine proposed approach database containing 353 gaits of 25 humans collected in motion capture laboratory is used. The obtained results are promising. The classifications, which takes into consideration all joints has accuracy over 91%. Only analysis of movements of hip joints allows to correctly identify gaits with almost 80% precision.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Biometrics" title="Biometrics">Biometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dynamic%20time%20warping" title=" dynamic time warping"> dynamic time warping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gait%20identification" title=" gait identification"> gait identification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=motion%20capture" title=" motion capture"> motion capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=time%20series%20classification" title=" time series classification"> time series classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=quaternion%20distance%20functions" title=" quaternion distance functions"> quaternion distance functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=attribute%20ranking." title=" attribute ranking."> attribute ranking.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14952/dynamic-time-warping-in-gait-classificationof-motion-capture-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14952/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14952/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14952/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14952/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14952/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14952/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14952/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14952/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14952/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14952/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2611</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1056</span> A New Similarity Measure Based On Edge Counting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=T.%20Slimani">T. Slimani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=B.%20Ben%20Yaghlane"> B. Ben Yaghlane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Mellouli"> K. Mellouli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In the field of concepts, the measure of Wu and Palmer [1] has the advantage of being simple to implement and have good performances compared to the other similarity measures [2]. Nevertheless, the Wu and Palmer measure present the following disadvantage: in some situations, the similarity of two elements of an IS-A ontology contained in the neighborhood exceeds the similarity value of two elements contained in the same hierarchy. This situation is inadequate within the information retrieval framework. To overcome this problem, we propose a new similarity measure based on the Wu and Palmer measure. Our objective is to obtain realistic results for concepts not located in the same way. The obtained results show that compared to the Wu and Palmer approach, our measure presents a profit in terms of relevance and execution time.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hierarchy" title="Hierarchy">Hierarchy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=IS-A%20ontology" title=" IS-A ontology"> IS-A ontology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Semantic%20Web" title=" Semantic Web"> Semantic Web</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Similarity%0D%0AMeasure." title=" Similarity Measure."> Similarity Measure.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10381/a-new-similarity-measure-based-on-edge-counting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10381/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10381/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10381/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10381/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10381/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10381/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10381/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10381/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10381/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10381/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1489</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1055</span> Improved K-Modes for Categorical Clustering Using Weighted Dissimilarity Measure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.Aranganayagi">S.Aranganayagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.Thangavel"> K.Thangavel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>K-Modes is an extension of K-Means clustering algorithm, developed to cluster the categorical data, where the mean is replaced by the mode. The similarity measure proposed by Huang is the simple matching or mismatching measure. Weight of attribute values contribute much in clustering; thus in this paper we propose a new weighted dissimilarity measure for K-Modes, based on the ratio of frequency of attribute values in the cluster and in the data set. The new weighted measure is experimented with the data sets obtained from the UCI data repository. The results are compared with K-Modes and K-representative, which show that the new measure generates clusters with high purity.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Clustering" title="Clustering">Clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=categorical%20data" title=" categorical data"> categorical data</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K-Modes" title=" K-Modes"> K-Modes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=weighted%20dissimilarity%0D%0Ameasure" title=" weighted dissimilarity measure"> weighted dissimilarity measure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8177/improved-k-modes-for-categorical-clustering-using-weighted-dissimilarity-measure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8177/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8177/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8177/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8177/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8177/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8177/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8177/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8177/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8177/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8177/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3690</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1054</span> Further the Effectiveness of Software Testability Measure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Liang%20Zhao">Liang Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Feng%20Wang"> Feng Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bo%20Deng"> Bo Deng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bo%20Yang"> Bo Yang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Software testability is proposed to address the problem of increasing cost of test and the quality of software. Testability measure provides a quantified way to denote the testability of software. Since 1990s, many testability measure models are proposed to address the problem. By discussing the contradiction between domain testability and domain range ratio (DRR), a new testability measure, semantic fault distance, is proposed. Its validity is discussed.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Software%20testability" title="Software testability">Software testability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DRR" title=" DRR"> DRR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Domain%20testability." title=" Domain testability."> Domain testability.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999083/further-the-effectiveness-of-software-testability-measure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999083/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999083/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999083/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999083/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999083/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999083/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999083/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999083/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999083/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999083/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999083.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2045</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1053</span> A Global Condition for the Triviality of an Almost Split Quaternionic Structure on Split Complex Manifolds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Erhan%20Ata">Erhan Ata</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yusuf%20Yayl%C4%B1"> Yusuf Yayl谋</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Let M be an almost split quaternionic manifold on which its almost split quaternionic structure is defined by a three dimensional subbundle V of ( T M) T (M) * 脭猫霉 and {F,G,H} be a local basis for V . Suppose that the (global) (1, 2) tensor field defined[V ,V ]is defined by [V,V ] = [F,F]+[G,G] + [H,H], where [,] denotes the Nijenhuis bracket. In ref. [7], for the almost split-hypercomplex structureH = J 伪,伪 =1,2,3, and the Obata connection 脭锚莽H vanishes if and only if H is split-hypercomplex. In this study, we give a prof, in particular, prove that if either M is a split quaternionic Kaehler manifold, or if M is a splitcomplex manifold with almost split-complex structure F , then the vanishing [V ,V ] is equivalent to that of all the Nijenhuis brackets of {F,G,H}. It follows that the bundle V is trivial if and only if [V ,V ] = 0 . <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Almost%20split%20-%20hypercomplex%20structure" title="Almost split - hypercomplex structure">Almost split - hypercomplex structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Almost%20split%0Aquaternionic%20structure" title=" Almost split quaternionic structure"> Almost split quaternionic structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Almost%20split%20quaternion%20Kaehler%20manifold" title=" Almost split quaternion Kaehler manifold"> Almost split quaternion Kaehler manifold</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Obata%20connection." title=" Obata connection."> Obata connection.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3292/a-global-condition-for-the-triviality-of-an-almost-split-quaternionic-structure-on-split-complex-manifolds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3292/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3292/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3292/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3292/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3292/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3292/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3292/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3292/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3292/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3292/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1052</span> Game Skill Measure for Mixed Games </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Roman%20V.%20Yampolskiy">Roman V. Yampolskiy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Games can be classified as games of skill, games of chance or otherwise be classified as mixed. This paper deals with the topic of scientifically classifying mixed games as more reliant on elements of chance or elements of skill and ways to scientifically measure the amount of skill involved. This is predominantly useful for classification of games as legal or illegal in deferent jurisdictions based on the local gaming laws. We propose a novel measure of skill to chance ratio called the Game Skill Measure (GSM) and utilize it to calculate the skill component of a popular variant of Poker. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chance" title="Chance">Chance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Game" title=" Game"> Game</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Skill" title=" Skill"> Skill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Luck." title=" Luck."> Luck.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4769/game-skill-measure-for-mixed-games" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4769/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4769/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4769/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4769/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4769/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4769/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4769/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4769/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4769/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4769/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4769.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1051</span> A Similarity Measure for Clustering and its Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Guadalupe%20J.%20Torres">Guadalupe J. Torres</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ram%20B.%20Basnet"> Ram B. Basnet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Andrew%20H.%20Sung"> Andrew H. Sung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Srinivas%20Mukkamala"> Srinivas Mukkamala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bernardete%20M.%20Ribeiro"> Bernardete M. Ribeiro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper introduces a measure of similarity between two clusterings of the same dataset produced by two different algorithms, or even the same algorithm (K-means, for instance, with different initializations usually produce different results in clustering the same dataset). We then apply the measure to calculate the similarity between pairs of clusterings, with special interest directed at comparing the similarity between various machine clusterings and human clustering of datasets. The similarity measure thus can be used to identify the best (in terms of most similar to human) clustering algorithm for a specific problem at hand. Experimental results pertaining to the text categorization problem of a Portuguese corpus (wherein a translation-into-English approach is used) are presented, as well as results on the well-known benchmark IRIS dataset. The significance and other potential applications of the proposed measure are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Clustering%20Algorithms" title="Clustering Algorithms">Clustering Algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Clustering%20Applications" title=" Clustering Applications"> Clustering Applications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Similarity%20Measures" title=" Similarity Measures"> Similarity Measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Text%20Clustering" title=" Text Clustering"> Text Clustering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9316/a-similarity-measure-for-clustering-and-its-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9316/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9316/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9316/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9316/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9316/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9316/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9316/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9316/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9316/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9316/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9316.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1572</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1050</span> Entropy Measures on Neutrosophic Soft Sets and Its Application in Multi Attribute Decision Making</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=I.%20Arockiarani">I. Arockiarani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The focus of the paper is to furnish the entropy measure for a neutrosophic set and neutrosophic soft set which is a measure of uncertainty and it permeates discourse and system. Various characterization of entropy measures are derived. Further we exemplify this concept by applying entropy in various real time decision making problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Entropy%20measure" title="Entropy measure">Entropy measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hausdorff%20distance" title=" Hausdorff distance"> Hausdorff distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=neutrosophic%0D%0Aset" title=" neutrosophic set"> neutrosophic set</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=soft%20set." title=" soft set."> soft set.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006879/entropy-measures-on-neutrosophic-soft-sets-and-its-application-in-multi-attribute-decision-making" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006879/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006879/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006879/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006879/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006879/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006879/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006879/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006879/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006879/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006879/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006879.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">933</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1049</span> Similarity Measure Functions for Strategy-Based Biometrics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Roman%20V.%20Yampolskiy">Roman V. Yampolskiy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Venu%20Govindaraju"> Venu Govindaraju</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Functioning of a biometric system in large part depends on the performance of the similarity measure function. Frequently a generalized similarity distance measure function such as Euclidian distance or Mahalanobis distance is applied to the task of matching biometric feature vectors. However, often accuracy of a biometric system can be greatly improved by designing a customized matching algorithm optimized for a particular biometric application. In this paper we propose a tailored similarity measure function for behavioral biometric systems based on the expert knowledge of the feature level data in the domain. We compare performance of a proposed matching algorithm to that of other well known similarity distance functions and demonstrate its superiority with respect to the chosen domain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Behavioral%20Biometrics" title="Behavioral Biometrics">Behavioral Biometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Euclidian%20Distance" title=" Euclidian Distance"> Euclidian Distance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Matching" title="Matching">Matching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Similarity%20Measure." title=" Similarity Measure."> Similarity Measure.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10863/similarity-measure-functions-for-strategy-based-biometrics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10863/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10863/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10863/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10863/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10863/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10863/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10863/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10863/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10863/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10863/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10863.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1651</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1048</span> Control-flow Complexity Measurement of Processes and Weyuker's Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jorge%20Cardoso">Jorge Cardoso</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Process measurement is the task of empirically and objectively assigning numbers to the properties of business processes in such a way as to describe them. Desirable attributes to study and measure include complexity, cost, maintainability, and reliability. In our work we will focus on investigating process complexity. We define process complexity as the degree to which a business process is difficult to analyze, understand or explain. One way to analyze a process- complexity is to use a process control-flow complexity measure. In this paper, an attempt has been made to evaluate the control-flow complexity measure in terms of Weyuker-s properties. Weyuker-s properties must be satisfied by any complexity measure to qualify as a good and comprehensive one.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Business%20process%20measurement" title="Business process measurement">Business process measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=workflow" title=" workflow"> workflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=complexity." title=" complexity."> complexity.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11011/control-flow-complexity-measurement-of-processes-and-weyukers-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11011/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11011/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11011/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11011/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11011/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11011/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11011/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11011/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11011/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11011/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11011.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2696</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1047</span> Application of Data Envelopment Analysis to Assess Quality Management Efficiency</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chuen%20Tse%20Kuah">Chuen Tse Kuah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kuan%20Yew%20Wong"> Kuan Yew Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Farzad%20Behrouzi"> Farzad Behrouzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is aimed to give an illustration on the application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) as a tool to assess Quality Management (QM) efficiency. A variant of DEA, slack based measure (SBM) is used for this purpose. From this study, it is found that DEA is suitable to measure QM efficiency and give improvement suggestions to the inefficient QM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quality%20Management" title="Quality Management">Quality Management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Data%20Envelopment%20Analysis" title=" Data Envelopment Analysis"> Data Envelopment Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Slack%20Based%20Measure" title="Slack Based Measure">Slack Based Measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Efficiency%20Measurement." title=" Efficiency Measurement."> Efficiency Measurement.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10759/application-of-data-envelopment-analysis-to-assess-quality-management-efficiency" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10759/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10759/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10759/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10759/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10759/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10759/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10759/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10759/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10759/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10759/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2090</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1046</span> Project Complexity Indices based on Topology Features</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amer%20A.%20Boushaala">Amer A. Boushaala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The heuristic decision rules used for project scheduling will vary depending upon the project-s size, complexity, duration, personnel, and owner requirements. The concept of project complexity has received little detailed attention. The need to differentiate between easy and hard problem instances and the interest in isolating the fundamental factors that determine the computing effort required by these procedures inspired a number of researchers to develop various complexity measures. In this study, the most common measures of project complexity are presented. A new measure of project complexity is developed. The main privilege of the proposed measure is that, it considers size, shape and logic characteristics, time characteristics, resource demands and availability characteristics as well as number of critical activities and critical paths. The degree of sensitivity of the proposed measure for complexity of project networks has been tested and evaluated against the other measures of complexity of the considered fifty project networks under consideration in the current study. The developed measure showed more sensitivity to the changes in the network data and gives accurate quantified results when comparing the complexities of networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Activity%20networks" title="Activity networks">Activity networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Complexity%20index" title=" Complexity index"> Complexity index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Networkcomplexity%20measure" title=" Networkcomplexity measure"> Networkcomplexity measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Network%20topology" title=" Network topology"> Network topology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Project%20Network." title=" Project Network."> Project Network.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3480/project-complexity-indices-based-on-topology-features" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3480/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3480/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3480/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3480/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3480/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3480/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3480/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3480/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3480/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3480/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1681</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1045</span> Documents Emotions Classification Model Based on TF-IDF Weighting Measure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amr%20Mansour%20Mohsen">Amr Mansour Mohsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hesham%20Ahmed%20Hassan"> Hesham Ahmed Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amira%20M.%20Idrees"> Amira M. Idrees</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Emotions classification of text documents is applied to reveal if the document expresses a determined emotion from its writer. As different supervised methods are previously used for emotion documents’ classification, in this research we present a novel model that supports the classification algorithms for more accurate results by the support of TF-IDF measure. Different experiments have been applied to reveal the applicability of the proposed model, the model succeeds in raising the accuracy percentage according to the determined metrics (precision, recall, and f-measure) based on applying the refinement of the lexicon, integration of lexicons using different perspectives, and applying the TF-IDF weighting measure over the classifying features. The proposed model has also been compared with other research to prove its competence in raising the results’ accuracy.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Emotion%20detection" title="Emotion detection">Emotion detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=TF-IDF" title=" TF-IDF"> TF-IDF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=WEKA%20tool" title=" WEKA tool"> WEKA tool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=classification%20algorithms." title=" classification algorithms."> classification algorithms.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/documents-emotions-classification-model-based-on-tf-idf-weighting-measure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10005447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1724</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1044</span> Application of a Similarity Measure for Graphs to Web-based Document Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Matthias%20Dehmer">Matthias Dehmer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Frank%20Emmert%20Streib"> Frank Emmert Streib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alexander%20Mehler"> Alexander Mehler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J%C3%BCrgen%20Kilian"> J眉rgen Kilian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Max%20M%C3%BChlhauser"> Max M眉hlhauser</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the tremendous amount of information provided by the World Wide Web (WWW) developing methods for mining the structure of web-based documents is of considerable interest. In this paper we present a similarity measure for graphs representing web-based hypertext structures. Our similarity measure is mainly based on a novel representation of a graph as linear integer strings, whose components represent structural properties of the graph. The similarity of two graphs is then defined as the optimal alignment of the underlying property strings. In this paper we apply the well known technique of sequence alignments for solving a novel and challenging problem: Measuring the structural similarity of generalized trees. In other words: We first transform our graphs considered as high dimensional objects in linear structures. Then we derive similarity values from the alignments of the property strings in order to measure the structural similarity of generalized trees. Hence, we transform a graph similarity problem to a string similarity problem for developing a efficient graph similarity measure. We demonstrate that our similarity measure captures important structural information by applying it to two different test sets consisting of graphs representing web-based document structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Graph%20similarity" title="Graph similarity">Graph similarity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hierarchical%20and%20directed%20graphs" title=" hierarchical and directed graphs"> hierarchical and directed graphs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=hypertext" title="hypertext">hypertext</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=generalized%20trees" title=" generalized trees"> generalized trees</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=web%20structure%20mining." title=" web structure mining."> web structure mining.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15299/application-of-a-similarity-measure-for-graphs-to-web-based-document-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15299/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15299/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15299/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15299/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15299/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15299/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15299/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15299/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15299/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15299/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1892</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1043</span> A New Approach for Controlling Overhead Traveling Crane Using Rough Controller</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mazin%20Z.%20Othman">Mazin Z. Othman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper presents the idea of a rough controller with application to control the overhead traveling crane system. The structure of such a controller is based on a suggested concept of a fuzzy logic controller. A measure of fuzziness in rough sets is introduced. A comparison between fuzzy logic controller and rough controller has been demonstrated. The results of a simulation comparing the performance of both controllers are shown. From these results we infer that the performance of the proposed rough controller is satisfactory.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Accuracy%20measure" title="Accuracy measure">Accuracy measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuzzy%20Logic%20Controller%20%28FLC%29" title=" Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC)"> Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Overhead%20Traveling%20Crane%20%28OTC%29" title="Overhead Traveling Crane (OTC)">Overhead Traveling Crane (OTC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rough%20Set%20Theory%20%28RST%29" title=" Rough Set Theory (RST)"> Rough Set Theory (RST)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Roughness%20measure" title="Roughness measure">Roughness measure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8473/a-new-approach-for-controlling-overhead-traveling-crane-using-rough-controller" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8473/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8473/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8473/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8473/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8473/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8473/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8473/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8473/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8473/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8473/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1703</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1042</span> Application of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Cross Entropy Measure in Decision Making for Medical Diagnosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shikha%20Maheshwari">Shikha Maheshwari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amit%20Srivastava"> Amit Srivastava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In medical investigations, uncertainty is a major challenging problem in making decision for doctors/experts to identify the diseases with a common set of symptoms and also has been extensively increasing in medical diagnosis problems. The theory of cross entropy for intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS) is an effective approach in coping uncertainty in decision making for medical diagnosis problem. The main focus of this paper is to propose a new intuitionistic fuzzy cross entropy measure (IFCEM), which aid in reducing the uncertainty and doctors/experts will take their decision easily in context of patient’s disease. It is shown that the proposed measure has some elegant properties, which demonstrates its potency. Further, it is also exemplified in detail the efficiency and utility of the proposed measure by using a real life case study of diagnosis the disease in medical science.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Intuitionistic%20fuzzy%20cross%20entropy%20%28IFCEM%29" title="Intuitionistic fuzzy cross entropy (IFCEM)">Intuitionistic fuzzy cross entropy (IFCEM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=intuitionistic%20fuzzy%20set%20%28IFS%29" title=" intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS)"> intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=medical%20diagnosis" title=" medical diagnosis"> medical diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=uncertainty." title=" uncertainty."> uncertainty.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001165/application-of-intuitionistic-fuzzy-cross-entropy-measure-in-decision-making-for-medical-diagnosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001165/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001165/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001165/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001165/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001165/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001165/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001165/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001165/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001165/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001165/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10001165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2045</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1041</span> A Bootstrap's Reliability Measure on Tests of Hypotheses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Al%20Jefferson%20J.%20Pabelic">Al Jefferson J. Pabelic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dennis%20A.%20Tarepe"> Dennis A. Tarepe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Bootstrapping has gained popularity in different tests of hypotheses as an alternative in using asymptotic distribution if one is not sure of the distribution of the test statistic under a null hypothesis. This method, in general, has two variants – the parametric and the nonparametric approaches. However, issues on reliability of this method always arise in many applications. This paper addresses the issue on reliability by establishing a reliability measure in terms of quantiles with respect to asymptotic distribution, when this is approximately correct. The test of hypotheses used is Ftest. The simulated results show that using nonparametric bootstrapping in F-test gives better reliability than parametric bootstrapping with relatively higher degrees of freedom.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=F-test" title="F-test">F-test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=nonparametric%20bootstrapping" title=" nonparametric bootstrapping"> nonparametric bootstrapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=parametric%20bootstrapping" title=" parametric bootstrapping"> parametric bootstrapping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reliability%20measure" title=" reliability measure"> reliability measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tests%20of%20hypotheses." title=" tests of hypotheses."> tests of hypotheses.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8234/a-bootstraps-reliability-measure-on-tests-of-hypotheses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8234/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8234/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8234/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8234/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8234/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8234/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8234/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8234/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8234/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8234/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1696</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1040</span> Optimal Convolutive Filters for Real-Time Detection and Arrival Time Estimation of Transient Signals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Michal%20Natora">Michal Natora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Felix%20Franke"> Felix Franke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Klaus%20Obermayer"> Klaus Obermayer</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Linear convolutive filters are fast in calculation and in application, and thus, often used for real-time processing of continuous data streams. In the case of transient signals, a filter has not only to detect the presence of a specific waveform, but to estimate its arrival time as well. In this study, a measure is presented which indicates the performance of detectors in achieving both of these tasks simultaneously. Furthermore, a new sub-class of linear filters within the class of filters which minimize the quadratic response is proposed. The proposed filters are more flexible than the existing ones, like the adaptive matched filter or the minimum power distortionless response beamformer, and prove to be superior with respect to that measure in certain settings. Simulations of a real-time scenario confirm the advantage of these filters as well as the usefulness of the performance measure.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adaptive%20matched%20filter" title="Adaptive matched filter">Adaptive matched filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=minimum%20variance%20distortionless%20response" title=" minimum variance distortionless response"> minimum variance distortionless response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=beam%20forming" title=" beam forming"> beam forming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Capon%20beam%20former" title=" Capon beam former"> Capon beam former</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=linear%20filters" title=" linear filters"> linear filters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=performance%20measure." title=" performance measure."> performance measure.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12421/optimal-convolutive-filters-for-real-time-detection-and-arrival-time-estimation-of-transient-signals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12421/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12421/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12421/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12421/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12421/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12421/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12421/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12421/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12421/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12421/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12421.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1039</span> Video-Based Face Recognition Based On State-Space Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cheng-Chieh%20Chiang">Cheng-Chieh Chiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yi-Chia%20Chan"> Yi-Chia Chan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Greg%20C.%20Lee"> Greg C. Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper proposes a video-based framework for face recognition to identify which faces appear in a video sequence. Our basic idea is like a tracking task - to track a selection of person candidates over time according to the observing visual features of face images in video frames. Hence, we employ the state-space model to formulate video-based face recognition by dividing this problem into two parts: the likelihood and the transition measures. The likelihood measure is to recognize whose face is currently being observed in video frames, for which two-dimensional linear discriminant analysis is employed. The transition measure estimates the probability of changing from an incorrect recognition at the previous stage to the correct person at the current stage. Moreover, extra nodes associated with head nodes are incorporated into our proposed state-space model. The experimental results are also provided to demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of our proposed approach.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=2DLDA" title="2DLDA">2DLDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=face%20recognition" title=" face recognition"> face recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=state-space%20model" title=" state-space model"> state-space model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=likelihood%20measure" title=" likelihood measure"> likelihood measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=transition%20measure." title=" transition measure. "> transition measure. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17226/video-based-face-recognition-based-on-state-space-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17226/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17226/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17226/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17226/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17226/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17226/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17226/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17226/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17226/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17226/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/17226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1685</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1038</span> On Generalized Exponential Fuzzy Entropy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rajkumar%20Verma">Rajkumar Verma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bhu%20Dev%20Sharma"> Bhu Dev Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the present communication, the existing measures of fuzzy entropy are reviewed. A generalized parametric exponential fuzzy entropy is defined.Our study of the four essential and some other properties of the proposed measure, clearly establishes the validity of the measure as an entropy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fuzzy%20sets" title="fuzzy sets">fuzzy sets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fuzzy%20entropy" title=" fuzzy entropy"> fuzzy entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=exponential%20entropy" title=" exponential entropy"> exponential entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=exponential%0Afuzzy%20entropy." title=" exponential fuzzy entropy."> exponential fuzzy entropy.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9417/on-generalized-exponential-fuzzy-entropy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9417/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9417/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9417/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9417/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9417/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9417/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9417/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9417/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9417/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9417/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2855</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1037</span> Composite Programming for Electric Passenger Car Selection in Multiple Criteria Decision Making</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Ardil">C. Ardil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper discusses the use of the composite programming method to identify the optimum electric passenger automobile in multiple criteria decision making. With the composite programming approach, a set of alternatives are compared using an optimality measure that gauges how far apart they are from the optimum solution. In this paper, some key factors (range, battery, engine, maximum speed, acceleration) that customers should consider while purchasing an electric passenger car for daily use are discussed. A numerical illustration is provided to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the proximity measure approach</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=electric%20passenger%20car%20selection" title="electric passenger car selection">electric passenger car selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multiple%20criteria%20decision%20making" title=" multiple criteria decision making"> multiple criteria decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=proximity%20measure%20method" title=" proximity measure method"> proximity measure method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=composite%20programming" title=" composite programming"> composite programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=entropic%20weight%20method" title=" entropic weight method"> entropic weight method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012954/composite-programming-for-electric-passenger-car-selection-in-multiple-criteria-decision-making" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012954/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012954/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012954/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012954/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012954/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012954/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012954/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012954/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012954/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012954/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012954.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1036</span> A New Measure of Herding Behavior: Derivation and Implications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Amina%20Amirat">Amina Amirat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Abdelfettah%20Bouri"> Abdelfettah Bouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> If price and quantity are the fundamental building blocks of any theory of market interactions, the importance of trading volume in understanding the behavior of financial markets is clear. However, while many economic models of financial markets have been developed to explain the behavior of prices -predictability, variability, and information content- far less attention has been devoted to explaining the behavior of trading volume. In this article, we hope to expand our understanding of trading volume by developing a new measure of herding behavior based on a cross sectional dispersion of volumes betas. We apply our measure to the Toronto stock exchange using monthly data from January 2000 to December 2002. Our findings show that the herd phenomenon consists of three essential components: stationary herding, intentional herding and the feedback herding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Herding%20behavior" title="Herding behavior">Herding behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=market%20return" title=" market return"> market return</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=trading%20volume." title=" trading volume."> trading volume.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4857/a-new-measure-of-herding-behavior-derivation-and-implications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4857/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4857/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4857/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4857/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4857/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4857/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4857/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4857/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4857/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4857/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4857.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1035</span> Do C-Test and Cloze Procedure Measure what they Purport to be Measuring? A Case of Criterion-Related Validity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Masoud%20Saeedi">Masoud Saeedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mansour%20Tavakoli"> Mansour Tavakoli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shirin%20Rahimi%20Kazerooni"> Shirin Rahimi Kazerooni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vahid%20Parvaresh"> Vahid Parvaresh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This article investigated the validity of C-test and Cloze test which purport to measure general English proficiency. To provide empirical evidence pertaining to the validity of the interpretations based on the results of these integrative language tests, their criterion-related validity was investigated. In doing so, the test of English as a foreign language (TOEFL) which is an established, standardized, and internationally administered test of general English proficiency was used as the criterion measure. Some 90 Iranian English majors participated in this study. They were seniors studying English at a university in Tehran, Iran. The results of analyses showed that there is a statistically significant correlation among participants- scores on Cloze test, C-test, and the TOEFL. Building on the findings of the study and considering criterion-related validity as the evidential basis of the validity argument, it was cautiously deducted that these tests measure the same underlying trait. However, considering the limitations of using criterion measures to validate tests, no absolute claims can be made as to the construct validity of these integrative tests.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Integrative%20testing" title="Integrative testing">Integrative testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C-test" title=" C-test"> C-test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cloze%20test" title=" Cloze test"> Cloze test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=theTOEFL" title=" theTOEFL"> theTOEFL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Validity." title=" Validity."> Validity.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12225/do-c-test-and-cloze-procedure-measure-what-they-purport-to-be-measuring-a-case-of-criterion-related-validity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12225/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12225/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12225/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12225/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12225/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12225/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12225/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12225/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12225/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12225/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1034</span> Theoretical Analysis of the Effect of Accounting for Special Methods in Similarity-Based Cohesion Measurement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jehad%20Al%20Dallal">Jehad Al Dallal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Class cohesion is an important object-oriented software quality attributes, and it refers to the degree of relatedness of class attributes and methods. Several class cohesion measures are proposed in the literature, and the impact of considering the special methods (i.e., constructors, destructors, and access and delegation methods) in cohesion calculation is not thoroughly theoretically studied for most of them. In this paper, we address this issue for three popular similarity-based class cohesion measures. For each of the considered measures we theoretically study the impact of including or excluding special methods on the values that are obtained by applying the measure. This study is based on analyzing the definitions and formulas that are proposed for the measures. The results show that including/excluding special methods has a considerable effect on the obtained cohesion values and that this effect varies from one measure to another. The study shows the importance of considering the types of methods that have to be accounted for when proposing a similarity-based cohesion measure.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Object-oriented%20class" title="Object-oriented class">Object-oriented class</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=software%20quality" title=" software quality"> software quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=class%20cohesion%20measure" title=" class cohesion measure"> class cohesion measure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=class%20cohesion" title=" class cohesion"> class cohesion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=special%20methods." title=" special methods. "> special methods. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997735/theoretical-analysis-of-the-effect-of-accounting-for-special-methods-in-similarity-based-cohesion-measurement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997735/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997735/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997735/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997735/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997735/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997735/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997735/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997735/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997735/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997735/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9997735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1671</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1033</span> Fuzzy Multiple Criteria Decision Making for Unmanned Combat Aircraft Selection Using Proximity Measure Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=C.%20Ardil">C. Ardil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFS), Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PyFS), Picture fuzzy sets (PFS), q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q-ROF), Spherical fuzzy sets (SFS), T-spherical FS, and Neutrosophic sets (NS) are reviewed as multidimensional extensions of fuzzy sets in order to more explicitly and informatively describe the opinions of decision-making experts under uncertainty. To handle operations with standard fuzzy sets (SFS), the necessary operators; weighted arithmetic mean (WAM), weighted geometric mean (WGM), and Minkowski distance function are defined. The algorithm of the proposed proximity measure method (PMM) is provided with a multiple criteria group decision making method (MCDM) for use in a standard fuzzy set environment. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method, the problem of selecting the best drone for an Air Force procurement request is used. The proximity measure method (PMM) based multidimensional standard fuzzy sets (SFS) is introduced to demonstrate its use with an issue involving unmanned combat aircraft selection.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=standard%20fuzzy%20sets%20%28SFS%29" title="standard fuzzy sets (SFS)">standard fuzzy sets (SFS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=unmanned%20combat%20aircraft%20selection" title=" unmanned combat aircraft selection"> unmanned combat aircraft selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=multiple%20criteria%20decision%20making%20%28MCDM%29" title=" multiple criteria decision making (MCDM)"> multiple criteria decision making (MCDM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=proximity%20measure%20method%20%28PMM%29." title=" proximity measure method (PMM)."> proximity measure method (PMM).</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012991/fuzzy-multiple-criteria-decision-making-for-unmanned-combat-aircraft-selection-using-proximity-measure-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012991/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012991/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012991/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012991/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012991/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012991/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012991/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012991/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012991/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012991/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012991.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1032</span> The Measurement of Endogenous Higher-Order Formative Composite Variables in PLS-SEM: An Empirical Application from CRM System Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Samppa%20Suoniemi">Samppa Suoniemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Harri%20Terho"> Harri Terho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rami%20Olkkonen"> Rami Olkkonen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In recent methodological articles related to structural equation modeling (SEM), the question of how to measure endogenous formative variables has been raised as an urgent, unresolved issue. This research presents an empirical application from the CRM system development context to test a recently developed technique, which makes it possible to measure endogenous formative constructs in structural models. PLS path modeling is used to demonstrate the feasibility of measuring antecedent relationships at the formative indicator level, not the formative construct level. Empirical results show that this technique is a promising approach to measure antecedent relationships of formative constructs in SEM.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=CRM%20system%20development" title="CRM system development">CRM system development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=formative%20measures" title=" formative measures"> formative measures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PLS%0D%0Apath%20modeling" title=" PLS path modeling"> PLS path modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=research%20methodology." title=" research methodology."> research methodology.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8748/the-measurement-of-endogenous-higher-order-formative-composite-variables-in-pls-sem-an-empirical-application-from-crm-system-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8748/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8748/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8748/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8748/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8748/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8748/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8748/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8748/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8748/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8748/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/8748.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1031</span> Vessel Inscribed Trigonometry to Measure the Vessel Progressive Orientations in the Digital Fundus Image</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pil%20Un%20Kim">Pil Un Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yunjung%20Lee"> Yunjung Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gihyoun%20Lee"> Gihyoun Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jin%20Ho%20Cho"> Jin Ho Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Myoung%20Nam%20Kim"> Myoung Nam Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper, the vessel inscribed trigonometry (VITM) for the vessel progression orientation (VPO) is proposed in the two-dimensional fundus image. The VPO is a major factor in the optic disc (OD) detection which is a basic process in the retina analysis. To measure the VPO, skeletons of vessel are used. First, the vessels are classified into three classes as vessel end, vessel branch and vessel stem. And the chain code maps of VS are generated. Next, two farthest neighborhoods of each point on VS are searched by the proposed angle restriction. Lastly, a gradient of the straight line between two farthest neighborhoods is estimated to measure the VPO. VITM is validated by comparing with manual results and 2D Gaussian templates. It is confirmed that VPO of the proposed mensuration is correct enough to detect OD from the results of experiment which applied VITM to detect OD in fundus images.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Angle%20measurement" title="Angle measurement">Angle measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optic%20disc" title=" Optic disc"> Optic disc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Retina%20vessel" title=" Retina vessel"> Retina vessel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vessel%20progression%20orientation." title=" Vessel progression orientation."> Vessel progression orientation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12890/vessel-inscribed-trigonometry-to-measure-the-vessel-progressive-orientations-in-the-digital-fundus-image" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12890/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" 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