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Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even while globally blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit pages on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a>. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">==Heating methods== Different types of soldering tools are made for specific applications. The required heat can be generated from burning fuel or from an electrically operated heating element or by passing an electric current through the item to be soldered. Another method for soldering is to place solder and [[flux]] at the locations of joints in the object to be soldered, then heat the entire object in an oven to melt the solder; [[Toaster oven#Toaster ovens|toaster ovens]] and hand-held infrared lights have been used by hobbyists to replicate production soldering processes on a much smaller scale. A third method of soldering is to use a [[Dip soldering|solder pot]] where the part (with flux) is dipped in a small heated iron cup of liquid solder, or a pump in a bath of liquid solder produces an elevated "wave" of solder which the part is quickly passed through. [[Wave soldering]] uses [[surface tension]] to keep solder from bridging the insulating gaps between the copper lines of flux-coated [[printed wiring boards]]/[[printed circuit boards]]. The electric [[soldering iron]] is widely used for hand-soldering, consisting of a [[heating element]] in contact with the "iron" (a larger mass of metal, usually copper) which is in contact with the working tip made of copper. Usually, soldering irons can be fitted with a variety of tips, ranging from blunt, to very fine, to chisel heads for hot-cutting plastics rather than soldering. Plain copper tips are subject to errosion/dissolution in hot solder, and may be [[electroplating|plated]] with pure iron to prevent that. The simplest irons do not have temperature regulation. Small irons rapidly cool when used to solder to, say, a metal chassis, while large irons have tips too cumbersome for working on [[printed circuit board]]s (PCBs) and similar fine work. A 25-watt iron will not provide enough heat for large electrical connectors, joining copper roof flashing, or large stained-glass lead came. On the other hand, a 100-watt iron may provide too much heat for PCBs. Temperature-controlled irons have a reserve of power and can maintain temperature over a wide range of work. A [[soldering gun]] heats a small cross-section copper tip very quickly by conducting a large AC current through it using a large cross-section one-turn transformer; the copper tip then conducts the heat to the part like other soldering irons. A soldering gun will be larger and heavier than a heating-element soldering iron of the same power rating because of the built-in transformer. Gas-powered irons using a catalytic tip to heat a bit, without flame, are used for portable applications. Hot-air guns and pencils allow [[rework (electronics)|rework]] of component packages (such as [[surface mount]] devices) which cannot easily be performed with electric irons and guns. For non-electronic applications, soldering torches use a flame rather than a soldering tip to heat solder. Soldering torches are often powered by butane<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.toolingu.com/definition-660130-28677-soldering-torch.html|title=Soldering Training Equipment - Tooling U-SME|website=www.toolingu.com|access-date=2 May 2018|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151203005020/http://www.toolingu.com/definition-660130-28677-soldering-torch.html|archive-date=3 December 2015}}</ref> and are available in sizes ranging from very small butane/oxygen units suitable for very fine but high-temperature jewelry work, to full-size oxy-fuel torches suitable for much larger work such as copper piping. Common multipurpose propane torches, the same kind used for heat-stripping paint and thawing pipes, can be used for soldering pipes and other fairly large objects either with or without a soldering tip attachment; pipes are generally soldered with a torch by directly applying the open flame. A soldering copper is a tool with a large copper head and a long handle which is heated with a small direct flame and used to apply heat to [[sheet metal]] such as [[tin plate]]d steel for soldering. Typical soldering coppers have heads weighing between one and four pounds. The head provides a large [[thermal mass]] to store enough heat for soldering large areas before needing re-heating in the fire; the larger the head, the longer the working time. The copper surface of the tool must be constantly cleaned and re-tinned during use. Historically, soldering coppers were standard tools used in auto bodywork, although [[body solder]] has been mostly superseded by [[spot welding]] for mechanical connection, and non-metallic fillers for contouring. During WW2 and for some time afterwards [[Special Operations Executive|SOE]] forces used small pyrotechnic self-soldering joints to make connections for the remote detonation of demolition and sabotage explosives. These consisted of a small copper tube partially filled with solder and a slow-burning pyrotechnic composition wrapped around the tube. The wires to be joined would be inserted into the tube and a small blob of ignition compound allowed the device to be struck like a match to ignite the pyrotechnic and heat the tube for long enough to melt the solder and make the joint.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}} ===Laser soldering=== ''Laser soldering'' is a technique where a 30–50&nbsp;[[Watt|W]] [[laser]] is used to melt and solder an electrical connection joint. [[Diode]] laser systems based on semiconductor junctions are used for this purpose.<ref>{{cite web|title=Laser Solutions for Soldering|url=http://www.coherent.com/Downloads/circuitsassembly0204Rev2.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708174826/http://www.coherent.com/Downloads/circuitsassembly0204Rev2.pdf|archive-date=2011-07-08}} 0204 www.coherent.com</ref> [[Suzanne Jenniches]] patented laser soldering in 1980.<ref name=swe>{{cite web|title=SWE Women - Jenniches|url=http://societyofwomenengineers.swe.org/index.php/swe-blog-swe-blog-189/45-swe-women-jenniches|publisher=Society of Women Engineers|access-date=20 May 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520093131/http://societyofwomenengineers.swe.org/index.php/swe-blog-swe-blog-189/45-swe-women-jenniches|archive-date=20 May 2014}}</ref> [[Wavelength]]s are typically 808&nbsp;nm through 980&nbsp;nm. The beam is delivered via an optical fiber to the workpiece, with fiber diameters 800&nbsp;μm and smaller. Since the beam out of the end of the fiber diverges rapidly, [[lens (optics)|lens]]es are used to create a suitable spot size on the workpiece at a suitable working distance. A wire feeder is used to supply solder.<ref>{{cite web|title=Laser Soldering|url=http://www.ma-info.de/html/laser_soldering.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125005440/http://www.ma-info.de/html/laser_soldering.html|archive-date=2010-11-25}} 070927 ma-info.de</ref> Both lead-tin and silver-tin material can be soldered. Process recipes will differ depending on the [[alloy]] composition. For soldering 44-pin chip carriers to a board using soldering preforms, power levels were on the order of 10 watts and solder times approximately 1 second. Low power levels can lead to incomplete wetting and the formation of voids, both of which can weaken the joint. === Photonic soldering === [[File:Photonic Soldering.ogv|thumb|Photonic soldering of multiple chips on a PET substrate using SAC305 solder. Total time = 1.68 sec.]] Photonic soldering is a relatively new process that uses broadband light from rapidly pulsing [[flashlamp]]s to solder components to a circuit board.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=van den Ende |first1=D. A. |last2=Hendriks |first2=R. |last3=Cauchois |first3=R. |last4=Groen |first4=W. A. |date=November 2014 |title=Large area photonic flash soldering of thin chips on flex foils for flexible electronic systems: In situ temperature measurements and thermal modelling |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13391-014-4222-3 |journal=Electronic Materials Letters |volume=10 |issue=6 |pages=1175–1183 |doi=10.1007/s13391-014-4222-3 |bibcode=2014EML....10.1175V |s2cid=138511242 |issn=1738-8090}}</ref> Energy consumption is approximately 85% less than that of a reflow oven, while the throughput is higher, and the footprint is smaller. It is similar to [[photonic curing]], in that the components to be soldered are heated while the substrate remains relatively cool.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ho |first1=Ming-jaan |last2=Li |first2=Yanlu |last3=Liu |first3=Likun |last4=Li |first4=Yang |last5=Gao |first5=Chunlan |date=May 2021 |title=10-2: Study of an Ultra-fast Photonic Soldering Technology without Thermal Damage in Display Module Package |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sdtp.14624 |journal=SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers |language=en |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=115–118 |doi=10.1002/sdtp.14624 |s2cid=238032976 |issn=0097-966X}}</ref> This enables the use of high-temperature solders, such as [[Tin-silver-copper|SAC305]], even on thermally fragile substrates such as PET, cellulose, and fabrics.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Ghosh |first1=Rudy |last2=Akhavan |first2=Vahid |last3=Chou |first3=Harry |last4=Turkani |first4=Vikram |last5=Farnsworth |first5=Stan |date=February 2021 |title=40.1: Invited Paper: Use of flash lamps to achieve non-equilibrium soldering and assembly using conventional solder alloys |journal=SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers |language=en |volume=52 |issue=S1 |pages=275 |doi=10.1002/sdtp.14457 |s2cid=234069100 |issn=0097-966X|doi-access=free }}</ref> An entire circuit board can be processed in a few seconds. In some cases, masks are used, but it can also be performed without registration, enabling very high processing rates. ===Induction soldering=== Induction soldering uses [[induction heating]] by high-frequency [[alternating current]] in a surrounding copper coil. This induces currents in the part being soldered, which generates heat because of the higher resistance of a joint versus its surrounding metal ([[resistive heating]]). These copper coils can be shaped to fit the joint more precisely. A filler metal (solder) is placed between the facing surfaces, and this solder melts at a fairly low temperature. Fluxes are commonly used in induction soldering. This technique is particularly suited to continuously soldering, in which case these coils wrap around a cylinder or a pipe that needs to be soldered. ===Fiber focus infrared soldering=== Fiber focus infrared soldering is technique where many [[infrared]] sources are led through [[optical fiber|fibers]], then focused onto a single spot at which the connection is soldered.<ref name="nofiss">{{cite web|title=NovaBrite RGB Full Color High Power LED Application Note|url=http://www.vincenc.com.tw/download/Full%20color%20%20Hi%20POWER%20LED%20Application%20Note.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324142456/http://www.vincenc.com.tw/download/Full%20color%20%20Hi%20POWER%20LED%20Application%20Note.pdf|archive-date=2012-03-24}} 070927 vincenc.com.tw (mentioned as a technique)</ref>{{Failed verification|date=November 2010}} ===Resistance soldering=== Resistance soldering is soldering in which the heat required to melt the solder is created by passing an electric current through the parts to be soldered. When electric current is conducted through any metal, heat is generated; when that current is confined to a smaller cross-sectional area, the heat produced in the entire circuit is concentrated in the portion with the reduced cross-sectional area. The current doing the heating is applied by electrodes or tips energized from a low (open-circuit) voltage source, typically 2-7 volts. They can be tweezer-like for general connections or specially-shaped to make contact with parts located closely together. Resistance soldering is unlike using a conduction iron, where heat is produced within an element and then passed through a thermally conductive tip into the joint area. A cold soldering iron requires time to reach working temperature and must be kept hot between solder joints. Thermal transfer may be inhibited if the tip is not kept properly wetted during use. With resistance soldering an intense heat can be rapidly developed directly within the joint area and in a tightly controlled manner. This allows a faster ramp up to the required solder melt temperature and minimizes thermal travel away from the solder joint, which helps to minimize the potential for thermal damage to materials or components in the surrounding area. Heat is only produced while each joint is being made, making resistance soldering more energy efficient. Because of these advantages, resistance soldering is common in industries which solder in small spaces such as [[Electrical connector|connectors]] and wire [[Terminal (electronics)|terminals]], and where high power is required, such as desoldering automotive parts.<ref>{{cite web|title=Why Resistance Soldering Instead of Conductive Soldering?|author=Alan Sherry |date=2 May 2022 |url=https://stellartechnical.com/blogs/electronic-assembly-technical-resources/why-resistance-soldering-instead-of-conductive-soldering |publisher=Stellar Technical Products}}</ref> Resistance soldering equipment, unlike conduction irons, can be used for difficult soldering and brazing applications where significantly higher temperatures may be required. This makes resistance comparable to flame soldering in some situations, but the resistance heat is more localized because of direct contact, whereas the flame might heat a larger area. ===Active soldering=== Flux-less soldering with aid of conventional [[soldering iron]], [[ultrasonic soldering]] iron or specialized solder pot and active solder that contains an active element, most often [[titanium]], [[zirconium]] or [[chromium]].<ref name="auto">{{cite journal|url=http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2012/WCE2012_pp1727-1732.pdf|journal=World Congress on Engineering|date=Jul 2012|volume=3|issn=2078-0966|title=Study of Active Soldering of Al2O3 Sputtering Targets on Copper Substrates|author=M. Provazník|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701154357/http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2012/WCE2012_pp1727-1732.pdf|archive-date=2016-07-01}}</ref> The active elements, owing to mechanical activation, react with the surface of the materials generally considered difficult to solder without premetallization. The active solders can be protected against excessive oxidation of their active element by addition of [[rare-earth elements]] with higher affinity to oxygen (typically [[cerium]] or [[lanthanum]]). Another common additive is [[gallium]] – usually introduced as a wetting promoter. Mechanical activation, needed for active soldering, can be performed by brushing (for example with use of stainless wire brush or steel spatula) or ultrasonic vibration (20–60&nbsp;kHz). Active soldering has been shown to effectively bond ceramics,<ref name="auto"/> aluminium, titanium, silicon,<ref>{{cite book|date=Sep 2010|volume=61|pages=1736–1739|issn=0569-5503|author=C. Peng|title=2010 11th International Conference on Electronic Packaging Technology & High Density Packaging |chapter=Die bonding of silicon and other materials with active solder |doi=10.1109/ICEPT.2010.5582418|isbn=978-1-4244-8140-8|s2cid=13045321}}</ref> graphite and carbon nanotube based structures <ref>{{cite journal|journal=ACS Nano |date=Aug 2015|volume= 9|issue=8|pages=8099–107|title=Soldering of carbon materials using transition metal rich alloys|author=M. Burda |display-authors=etal |doi=10.1021/acsnano.5b02176|pmid = 26256042}}</ref> at temperatures lower than 450&nbsp;°C or use of protective atmosphere. </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Return to <a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">Soldering</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soldering">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soldering</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soldering&action=edit&section=9&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6bcf67d78c-qtv72","wgBackendResponseTime":287,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.064","walltime":"0.085","ppvisitednodes":{"value":418,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":17740,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6556,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":469,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 60.439 1 -total"," 99.86% 60.355 2 Template:Blocked_text"," 41.94% 25.348 1 Template:Colocationwebhost"," 38.69% 23.382 2 Template:Replace"," 38.27% 23.129 1 Template:Hidden"," 16.85% 10.183 1 Template:Tlx"," 14.91% 9.012 1 Template:Hidden_begin"," 2.67% 1.611 1 Template:Hidden_end"," 2.33% 1.406 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake"," 2.14% 1.295 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake-email-steward"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.013","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1043262,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6bcf67d78c-qtv72","timestamp":"20241127223645","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>