provide - easily switch between different implementations depending on which version of Perl is detected

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data-placement="bottom" title="The date that this version of provide was released."> <span class="relatize">13 Feb 2013 09:06:10 UTC</span> </div> </li> <li> Distribution: <a href="/dist/provide">provide</a> </li> <li> Module version: 0.03 </li> <li> <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g s" href="/dist/provide/source/lib/provide.pm">Source</a> (<a href="/dist/provide/source/lib/provide.pm?raw=1">raw</a>) </li> <li> <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g b" href="/dist/provide/source/lib">Browse</a> (<a href="/dist/provide/source/lib?raw=1">raw</a>) </li> <li> <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g c" href="/dist/provide/changes">Changes</a> </li> <li> <a class="nopopup" href="/dist/provide/contribute">How to Contribute</a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener nofollow" data-keyboard-shortcut="g i" href="https://github.com/belden/perl-provide/issues">Issues</a> </li> <li> <a rel="noopener nofollow" href="http://matrix.cpantesters.org/?dist=provide+0.03" title="Matrix">Testers</a> <span title="(pass / fail / na)">(<a 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</nav> <div class="content-navigation"> <div class="breadcrumbs"> <span> <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g a" rel="author" href="/author/BELDEN" class="author-name">Belden Lyman</a> </span> <span> / </span> <div class="release dist-release status-latest maturity-released"> <span class="dropdown"><b class="caret"></b></span> <select class="select-navigator "> <option selected value="/release/BELDEN/provide-0.03/view/lib/provide.pm" >0.03 (BELDEN on 2013-02-13)</option> <option value="/release/BELDEN/provide-0.02/view/lib/provide.pm" >0.02 (BELDEN on 2013-02-13)</option> <option value="/release/BELDEN/provide-0.01/view/lib/provide.pm" >0.01 (BELDEN on 2013-02-11)</option> </select> <a data-keyboard-shortcut="g d" class="release-name" href="/dist/provide">provide-0.03</a> </div> <span class="river-gauge-gauge"> <svg width="24px" height="15px" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g> <title> River stage zero 
 No dependents </title> <rect x="0" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#e4e2e2" /> <rect x="5" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#e4e2e2" /> <rect x="10" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#e4e2e2" /> <rect x="15" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#e4e2e2" /> <rect x="20" y="0" width="4" height="15" fill="#e4e2e2" /> </g> </svg> </span> <div id="provide-fav" class="show-logged-in"> <form action="/account/favorite/add" style="display: inline" method="POST"> <input type="hidden" name="remove" value="0"> <input type="hidden" name="release" value="provide-0.03"> <input type="hidden" name="author" value="BELDEN"> <input type="hidden" name="distribution" value="provide"> <button type="submit" class="favorite"><span></span> ++</button> </form> </div> <div class="show-logged-out"> <button class="fav-not-logged-in favorite"><span></span> ++</button> </div> / <span>provide</span> </div> </div> <main class="content"> <nav class="toc"> <div class="toc-header"><strong>Contents</strong></div> <ul> <li><a href="#NAME">NAME</a></li> <li><a href="#SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</a></li> <li><a href="#DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</a> <ul> <li><a href="#hash_pop-v1.0-pass-by-value">hash_pop v1.0 - pass by value</a></li> <li><a href="#hash_pop-v1.1-explicit-pass-by-reference">hash_pop v1.1 - explicit pass by reference</a></li> <li><a href="#hash_pop-v1.2-implicit-pass-by-reference">hash_pop v1.2 - implicit pass by reference</a></li> <li><a href="#Uh-oh%2C-implementing-CORE%3A%3A-like-functions-means-we-have-to-respect-the-CORE">Uh-oh, implementing CORE::-like functions means we have to respect the CORE</a></li> <li><a href="#hash_pop-v1.3-version-specific-prototypes-for-implicit-reference-passing">hash_pop v1.3 - version-specific prototypes for implicit reference passing</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#SYNTAX">SYNTAX</a> <ul> <li><a href="#if-%3D%3E-TEST-%3D%3E-VALUE-%3D%3E-RESULT">if => TEST => VALUE => RESULT</a> <ul> <li><a href="#TEST">TEST</a></li> <li><a href="#VALUE">VALUE</a></li> <li><a href="#RESULT">RESULT</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#else-%3D%3E-RESULT">else => RESULT</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="#BUGS">BUGS</a></li> <li><a href="#APOLOGY">APOLOGY</a></li> <li><a href="#ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS">ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</a></li> <li><a href="#CONTRIBUTING">CONTRIBUTING</a></li> <li><a href="#COPYRIGHT-AND-LICENSE">COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE</a></li> </ul></nav> <div class="pod anchors"> <h1 id="NAME">NAME</h1> <p>provide - easily switch between different implementations depending on which version of Perl is detected</p> <h1 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h1> <pre><code>package My::Module; use provide ( if => ge => '5.013000' => 'My::Module::v5_013000', else => 'My::Module::v5_080000', );</code></pre> <h1 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h1> <p>Good code is free of side effects, avoids tight coupling, and solves a useful problem in an understandable way. This module, on the other hand, is ball of frightened octopuses clinging together.</p> <p>The simple act of adding</p> <pre><code>use provide (...)</code></pre> <p>to an otherwise well-behaved class performs the following changes to it:</p> <ul> <li><p>The calling module automatically inherits from Exporter.</p> </li> <li><p>provide.pm finds suitable modules to load and loads them.</p> </li> <li><p>Any functions exported by the loaded modules get re-exported by the calling module.</p> </li> </ul> <p>This module is marginally useful if you are implementing your own module and you end up stumbling over some bug in your code caused by a change to the Perl core. Here's a worked example of when you might use this module:</p> <h2 id="hash_pop-v1.0-pass-by-value"><a id="hash_pop"></a><a id="hash_pop-v1.0---pass-by-value"></a>hash_pop v1.0 - pass by value</h2> <p>Let's pretend you want to implement your own version of pop, but for hashes: it'll return the last key+value pair of the hash (whatever "last" means in the context of an inherently unordered list!). You might start out like this:</p> <pre><code>use strict; use warnings; package My::Module; use base qw(Exporter); our @EXPORT = qw(hash_pop); sub hash_pop { my (%hash) = @_; my ($last_key) = reverse keys %hash; return ($last_key, delete $hash{$last_key}); } 1; __END__</code></pre> <p>Well, this is about as good an implementation as you can expect. It is easy enough to call:</p> <pre><code>my %hash = (1..10); # Belden's default "just give me some kind of hash" hash my ($last_key, $last_value) = hash_pop(%hash);</code></pre> <p>But unlike the <code>pop</code> that we're mimicking, our <code>hash_pop</code> doesn't mutate the %hash that we pass in, so it's not very <code>pop</code>-like yet.</p> <h2 id="hash_pop-v1.1-explicit-pass-by-reference"><a id="hash_pop1"></a><a id="hash_pop-v1.1---explicit-pass-by-reference"></a>hash_pop v1.1 - explicit pass by reference</h2> <p>To mutate our subject %hash, we'll need to pass by reference:</p> <pre><code>sub hash_pop { my $hash = shift; my ($last_key) = reverse keys %$hash; return ($last_key, delete $hash->{$last_key}); }</code></pre> <p>And since we're passing by reference, we'd darn well better change our call pattern:</p> <pre><code>my %hash = (1..10); my ($last_key, $last_value) = hash_pop(\%hash);</code></pre> <h2 id="hash_pop-v1.2-implicit-pass-by-reference"><a id="hash_pop2"></a><a id="hash_pop-v1.2---implicit-pass-by-reference"></a>hash_pop v1.2 - implicit pass by reference</h2> <p>If only there were a way to implicitly pass %hash by reference to <code>hash_pop</code> - then we'd have the best of both worlds, wouldn't we? (Would we? I really don't know.)</p> <p>Ruby and Python aren't the only languages that have built-in documentation; look at this marvelous interaction with the Perl debugger:</p> <pre><code>$ perl -de 1 DB<1> p prototype 'CORE::keys' \%</code></pre> <p>That's pretty good stuff! Take that, highly self-documenting languages! Now we know how to change <code>hash_pop</code>:</p> <pre><code>sub hash_pop (\%) { my $hash = shift; my ($last_key) = reverse keys %$hash; return ($last_key, delete $hash->{$last_key}); }</code></pre> <p>And now here's someone using this ridiculous function:</p> <pre><code>my %hash = (1..10); my ($last_key, $last_value) = hash_pop(%hash);</code></pre> <p>Sweet! All done, let's stick it on CPAN!</p> <h2 id="Uh-oh,-implementing-CORE::-like-functions-means-we-have-to-respect-the-CORE"><a id="Uh"></a><a id="Uh-oh-implementing-CORE::-like-functions-means-we-have-to-respect-the-CORE"></a>Uh-oh, implementing CORE::-like functions means we have to respect the CORE</h2> <p>Except: you're not done until you run it against every version of Perl you can shake a <a href="http://perlbrew.pl">perlbrew</a> at. And when you go through and do that, you'll discover a break between Perl v5.12 and v5.13:</p> <pre><code>$ perlbrew list | \ cut -b 3- | (while read ver; do \ perlbrew use $ver; \ perl -le 'print $] . "\t" . prototype q,CORE::keys,'; \ done) __END__ 5.006002 \% 5.008009 \% 5.010001 \% 5.012005 \[@%] 5.014003 + 5.016002 + 5.017008 +</code></pre> <p>Aww, nerds! there's two difference prototypes in play here: \% and +. One valid option is to just give up on supporting older versions of Perl. Another is to implement your own version-specific loading code. And yet another option is to use this module to gloss away implementing your own version-specific code:</p> <h2 id="hash_pop-v1.3-version-specific-prototypes-for-implicit-reference-passing"><a id="hash_pop3"></a><a id="hash_pop-v1.3---version-specific-prototypes-for-implicit-reference-passing"></a>hash_pop v1.3 - version-specific prototypes for implicit reference passing</h2> <pre><code>use strict; use warnings; package My::Module; use provide ( if => ge => '5.013000' => 'My::Module::hash_pop::v5_013000', else => 'My::Module::hash_pop::v5_006000', ); sub _hash_pop { my $hash = shift; my ($last_key) = reverse keys %$hash; return ($last_key, delete $hash->{$last_key}); } 1;</code></pre> <p>We're collecting common behavior between the two version-specific modules in My::Module::_hash_pop.</p> <p>Now all that's left is to write your version-specific modules. Here's the one for v5.013000 and above:</p> <pre><code>use strict; use warnings; package My::Module::hash_pop::v5_013000; our @EXPORT = qw(hash_pop); require My::Module; sub hash_pop (+) { goto &My::Module::_hash_pop } 1;</code></pre> <p>The module for v5.006000 would be nearly identical:</p> <pre><code>use strict; use warnings; package My::Module::hash_pop::v5_006000; our @EXPORT = qw(hash_pop); require My::Module; sub hash_pop (\%) { goto &My::Module::_hash_pop } 1;</code></pre> <p>And now someone can go and use our module:</p> <pre><code>#!/usr/bin/env perl use strict; use warnings; use My::Module qw(hash_pop); my %hash = (1..10); my ($nine, $ten) = hash_pop %hash;</code></pre> <h1 id="SYNTAX">SYNTAX</h1> <p>Currently two statements are supported: <code>if</code> and <code>else</code>.</p> <h2 id="if-=>-TEST-=>-VALUE-=>-RESULT"><a id="if"></a><a id="if-TEST-VALUE-RESULT"></a>if => TEST => VALUE => RESULT</h2> <h3 id="TEST">TEST</h3> <p>TEST may be any of:</p> <pre><code>gt "greater than" ge "greater or equal to" eq "equal to" ne "not equal to" le "less than or equal to" lt "less than"</code></pre> <h3 id="VALUE">VALUE</h3> <p>VALUE should be a string which describes something you might get back in $]. See also: <a href="/pod/perldoc">perldoc</a>.</p> <h3 id="RESULT">RESULT</h3> <p>RESULT is the resulting module that will be loaded if this condition is true.</p> <h2 id="else-=>-RESULT"><a id="else"></a><a id="else-RESULT"></a>else => RESULT</h2> <p>In the event that the preceding <code>if</code> condition is false, the <code>else</code> RESULT will be loaded.</p> <h1 id="BUGS">BUGS</h1> <p>Please report bugs on this project's <a href="http://github.com/belden/perl-provide/issues">Github issues page</a>.</p> <h1 id="APOLOGY">APOLOGY</h1> <p>Too often the explanation for crufty code is, "It seemed like a good idea at the time." To the contrary, this seems like a strange idea.</p> <p>I really don't know if this will be useful to anyone at all. One of the challenges to us portraying the Perl community as actively growing is that there are so many well-tested implementations on CPAN to the various Big Problems we all face: processing a CGI form, connecting to a DB_File, writing EBCDIC things (whatever those are!); and more modernishly, Dancing with Mooses and Catalytic Test frameworks.</p> <h1 id="ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS">ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</h1> <p><a href="http://twitter.com/torgomatic">Sam Merrit</a> coined the phrase "a ball of frightened octopuses clinging together".</p> <p><a href="http://twitter.com/epochbell">Logan Bell</a> practically dared me to release this. Well, maybe he would if I were to ask him.</p> <p><a href="https://github.com/jjn1056">John Napiorkowski</a> originally put in my head the notion that, "A CPAN module is a unit of conversation between developers. It says, 'Here is a problem, and here is my take on how to solve it.'" This module is the equivalent of me standing in a corner and mumbling to myself.</p> <p><a href="http://shutterstock.com/jobs.mhtml">My employer</a>, <a href="http://shutterstock.com">Shutterstock, Inc.</a>, is a <a href="http://code.shutterstock.com">staunch supporter</a> of open-source software. It's a shame I've worked so hard to link them to this amusing but disingenuous implementation.</p> <h1 id="CONTRIBUTING">CONTRIBUTING</h1> <p>Feel free to use and improve this software in whatever way you see fit. This code is hosted on Github.com at <a href="http://github.com/belden/perl-provide">http://github.com/belden/perl-provide</a>.</p> <h1 id="COPYRIGHT-AND-LICENSE"><a id="COPYRIGHT"></a>COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE</h1> <pre><code>(c) 2013 by Belden Lyman</code></pre> <p>This library is free software: you may redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself; either Perl version 5.8.8 or, at your option, any later version of Perl 5 you may have available.</p></div> <div id="metacpan_install-instructions-dialog" class="modal fade"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-hidden="true">×</button> <h4 class="modal-title">Module Install Instructions</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> <p>To install provide, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.</p> <p><a href="/dist/App-cpanminus/view/bin/cpanm">cpanm</a></p> <pre><code>cpanm provide</code></pre> <p><a 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provide - easily switch between different implementations depending on which version of Perl is detected - metacpan.org