CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '914a47958a20f8d0',cH: 'Ly1O2GcToJCUOVQrLDtoMm5oN6.Qd6m_afw_TKf62dI-1740010289-1.2.1.1-lgd63FbpW3WIDGI7s0CG3G722YZCM.fa1ugLeqsmsmvXSPfe7bD9v0.C8w7n1YP1',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Irshad%20U.%20Khan&__cf_chl_tk=q3aReN6AkdCUgzoi7rBspVV7C0lpvzBCs8T81njUYWc-1740010289-1.0.1.1-6tNTpfP1jKbx37GHKtJ4tBgfHOA.c_VRXTLpLlQKzBc",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1740010289',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Irshad%20U.%20Khan&__cf_chl_f_tk=q3aReN6AkdCUgzoi7rBspVV7C0lpvzBCs8T81njUYWc-1740010289-1.0.1.1-6tNTpfP1jKbx37GHKtJ4tBgfHOA.c_VRXTLpLlQKzBc",md: "JPGkZp2dyDjbPKx94zqGt3UnReXko41G0_FUx2MFh1E-1740010289-1.2.1.1-SAOD7aTMC0Psiu7xE0M9STPN7Uz.no1phvktb9SoEjPzoyjHk3rrM2LmPppdoa_dv_NXifXVqjI8xrRpRJ9ZhK95VtxSmaumfvGG.bTzpVDGVDjhzsuJkM9Sz5prXxOST7VKZo4W5HiOFM7a4tcd9wMnJbo45VQt6jLd3OyzF.j0aFuQ..DH7ICUSHpOxvc58DQjK_bHtl1kmhTZuvvhcKjBjLUWtH1kouNSjjsDviXJa16RBu1K0Y34QOVxmr4lQiHmMf0Br_jPvqW9HqYqcmO2z6YpI1U19Nas9IkkuMhD8XfvUG9PmVaJJl1OfkzNxdjN4hXx1brZXSgXDDgPy8VYMSiWO8eA26_rlaTbI_Cgpb085nYLX5KMOPlU3vyVsSIx3Nq4CvJ39X6Bi6GfEhuDETmLRgK6I09cFynfaFeQYs5ld8_H731wnYlpbYqD1TJhWSqD5WN62JrwxS2OtZlgZ7.rtPayWNXqGTDbl4xnS87bsiN.wNdhhMJo5_sgiIy_yh1LE8Svm0ck7cz.n7GVQ004MXB3nnBBsqwPltl1ftkLmycFlX9rDQgCO72eLSvnurEGNUIrns0As6KREqm5mcGR61ndk1WjkvUB.CFdDaOTTEHkiY_wWzDxjp5DyXKBozJspfq7xmzklUyLIgoEyyTKIVrNJdWu7O9PcOmwPMZP9watfxciZGTwDl.iKtSAmhRUVdWrSxcUgcfJds9gE_xYGF4Gh8oBoIMBIF2PT08Qj8Mkys1.I5EoqFWe2BGs4P6.REts3qcKZdNWSPs1yl1.XEvMknPyKhjt8YXSrUwvAVLJLYGxIcM8G4Qf1YQ9Qairv43L8IrvW5a364cJT4ROmsHGFC7lxIjINGFhQlgb9iHCp3QAHFw8SfUhMUivQ7E7K2dL745JRnkQX4mRkthWZvXWYCSg4cgXS_Ju_L0kDe0931EGxjBaQ5NpE8gFwD7ZUe8QR4EOE8lPMyIeDUzVO8B8VugHG6ZC_xdsZVcEEEDGLW.ZA4hGh2ndOvnLqWJ3Lns_EgPyYetLK7PxZ_YoqqJ.kwdmrpKRdEEhriPI0.g88xEZGOaFuHXerL9fhvNuz4r8S8EDBAv0zrcOH16V.HyNrUBvknQgajxfod9Kx2Blcsc0ZtWTdpBQoA10kXY9m4gSwEbTsJgJMjqG5E9TpFIgXmi9krPNQ9xfO.1JzEYcLGi2yPqX7Cnu2_vEQSGfqsqRk.kcbiE9TSvkd5p4.dxbixMuQAq_psLIP72mNMTpJGxA53mOpJ1Pl1zF_52SBOX31T7mCAvB7BXGqDfwkdnOjPPLJfzykEehsUo4K5iV4YQLnq_7JuUj7b6HKYCrYsNv8Y4Y7uA2ANyPf5LCMyzpKKVqAyOkSc86OaSoSDv20NUeu_zQ1wMDxN4huo7OFNiV1T2j8ojXIUZjT47i8dD8mTup6jOHcCk3WQJEYQi1KCWtwj1qGoZc7OIsIRELnBHmumb8coih_U0KnAcBKZ3Ixwk9FzE4Zi8uYMKnt4bNPbv8KvkHpMbHjn1LFsXYNp7jnIQVphj0t6nlBKvg8S7Cl2.VPld_x73trxCSAEnU3u5a1F0DwRSaoAyadhY65_QwYziUWe0VP_QsrYGaC2UvY.hBjqb27wH_Ow0ttw6rPmJFKr_dd1II_uYtFq5FFTevGjD_GdLxwz.rGPv6QoK4PT9RQ_kp28grfcahzvZm5JhhImfEpHpmtk3o1nVyggXhPEfGcvBSQbuAzowXbtf6JHR7eIkKfHy8aAb8JIWE2YtLjU_O69IIsBkW6VsvQ5qp5uNzklcRophz2XRsYCglzaNnLWVG.m_rbAQeKtCYvZ_6JM9yvT5ppFAcOAC0x3SbgtHrZ4mi8D8dEeCC_cojgnSnldti5890KHU86XG0ThgveuhBPy_qK1dHZUqWUepdTcgXkcG0isLHzRtadoRc9F1hPjqGEjw",mdrd: "h2FrYHC2tvZD61Zs3F2EJdkEaY.9uEL8GvimYLvDgK8-1740010289-1.2.1.1-F5cK7rNOc3DSStf.U7CqqncNH5h_DEy3e1tVYeplL7nV2.l1mYByFiqtOsd_g.Rt8HX6cxNu0Dv_MHR6KpZEFUkdAEUptlxUahix5o9XP6vkerfVLGRbThfpnNMqGK3_OS4kkC2aN2izACACW4Sjxp8aZ88VbmXGDFq8tz2qxXnSp.0S0VswvxDBAvkQ947cQkXrStzOqUSTy0KUlnCttbu.HCpmNkBPoAOD4JWoINgInv.V7rlWb48lzmLtJBCwno4uKA7p9TpAkEDp3IMk_oU14athRTn8qubk4UI4UOuN0EHrBOqkx3JuX9M47k21_Bj0BXaxyXNYcPyHN_1S9OoKhDtFs3.rVjvmy3EvTgKZ8HLs3IOOwkjBty7I2qnwdcMdnRMUzhSmrwqWNMfYEsOO4qwF9UbxvherXzck.fpHeRjDQrP9oZfOKDxD179XloT7i9zCnavry1HO.p3GihjQ.gbmzHHoZVrOJOK5bsImKaEZX6QKhp4hv748GZANbBO6l3y6egfd9xXivSqUyuKCv_2nDWS.7OFV5DXu4Iomy3ZrstY6K5nkhMOg5_nkzL9NMiGqo.jabDvShEr1h_ZK7O_RXNtWpk_PMIDT9XkvdDqsoaa.CwjDeBsENl3WRCBKyR2eMUkYyOAZvte9smITByyP30Vi6Y4o7Zg548IWVTig4lQ.qVgKZHI0f.86NVw89ovGF7FZHDZhT.J1FQGTlrAJhZgdPMC71_M_iL1wgVpNE_Z83SJh8Put0uDFZdvC_c045bkNFuhyhGOsY5KaLL6tPp.dBIPRw8PQDaRQs_B63nuBsMo2t2K0AVXD97s2g.d1fzpjfUsQcfxMFgt8Z7bhLclvDiPOUrbzTzpvLhUmcn3woIDDhAMfF95RulMSuUhMAeT8psb_YTVRRWAhWT8I2tnsTm6k70a7hpQ3Jmxc0c7OY.kJEVGj3XD8HnQ_32VlrxvyoWbbaRhjGY01xqs1lccgddXetIDfFOquGZiULIGToLFCSXidggWvC3Fn3xdUjGQwDe_j5Y9GVogNPGlaz9nlC5cHQWjheEFQfYrz3hCkOJy.Z6uplDgskg1Y_79Yd5KzEE_UoqPF1Q8XWmd588saDL5Y9vDuexHESTLSHpcJTgLyuSp.shTBPgSivI5in06AtFC2xu7KBtKD6x47wfyWtcpCYidjS36JM.Ek.7Tg1UTVatTD9rjUlNIfCaQG1GWVNI7H2tbEiHPNjMiCAiunOUJJMgwp2WAOF5iEOkcVpfH63KXYEvTEGJH8TAOoZKA_DdFzd2dfDcwIhBZBELUjnKLDo5clz8zqCj6r3N_ZuHtuZ_ow52A8glsyu.c0fu6N3BEBADMJXyjJdqxaP765zmV1DdXENgLhCB2pBEr_n3ZxOV4bJt24rSLRnXpe3K6TT1_0Cpr1A_4sjiA_9PvE.XvN6Vd0IHx2oVSFgfBmle2ICutUyphJd_RLo.V7hRNmYeyqJtxMVJ3TiT6h4S_2csEL9G9g6E2S08bQAZzSifI5t8HTqNZs3PBbpKE8GiIAUNzhM4wqI0LsdpCbSUFMh3lh_iG9uRPHoVmcmeGGd4cXqpBKIeQx.XHlR64wvwlnG1b70v8hihI7sVvGUDexcQ7UeYSXaBi0LNayyvN0ZjITXyZc1gQdjJXE_h.R6uDLVOgRQZNrKjeudgcTuaNsT5rCWfXBE6R375oXo1Uv0Pl8L.HHcGVMFEJgnc4x0gO3rZAO4E62xzH.CYx_HiyqfHHJ.qSu3t5QdZOUJRJBHmKykbusp5kcS58YmQkiVFBAK5susKw7lHoU9B5TGLcbdDcBo6XG4V4AkgCjZUMryxhg3UqGirKkcn5Ypq9uOvCocRfGhg9QKpfh912CWtmaKQS4cCLyjggx.da4ekaMbyK_xQgKSqrzyWQuikw4GARViqgWq7l55opwZ1LPI9QNYkLP2s7X4kWf2waP6WB5HKi3pvK_lCraHdFPmOi1iBy62EtCxz57lQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=914a47958a20f8d0';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Irshad%20U.%20Khan&__cf_chl_rt_tk=q3aReN6AkdCUgzoi7rBspVV7C0lpvzBCs8T81njUYWc-1740010289-1.0.1.1-6tNTpfP1jKbx37GHKtJ4tBgfHOA.c_VRXTLpLlQKzBc" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>