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autocapitalize="sentences" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Rechercher</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Navigation utilisateur"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Népotisme</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> tendance de certains dirigeants d’institutions à favoriser l’ascension des membres de leurs familles dans la hiérarchie qu’ils dirigent, au détriment des processus de sélection ordinaires, du mérite et de l’intérêt général </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Langue</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=N%C3%A9potisme&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large 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block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>Le <b>népotisme</b> est la tendance de certains supérieurs ecclésiastiques, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89v%C3%AAque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Évêque">évêques</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pape?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pape">papes</a>, et par extension de certains dirigeants d'autres institutions, à favoriser l'ascension des membres de leur famille, ou plus généralement de leur cercle rapproché, dans la hiérarchie qu'ils dirigent, au détriment des processus de sélection ordinaires basés sur le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9ritocratie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Méritocratie">mérite</a>.</p> <p>Par extension, le terme désigne une tendance à accorder des avantages à des relations, des amis proches, voire à des membres d'un groupe d'origine, ethnique ou religieux commun<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, indépendamment de leurs qualités <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il est alors synonyme de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Copinage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Copinage">favoritisme</a> ou de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Copinage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Copinage">copinage</a>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#%C3%89tymologie"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Étymologie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Papes"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Papes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Politique"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Politique</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes_et_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Notes et références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Annexes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Annexes</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Articles_connexes"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Articles connexes</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Étymologie"><span id=".C3.89tymologie"></span>Étymologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A9potisme&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Étymologie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Le terme a été emprunté en 1653 à l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italien">italien</a> <i>nepotismo</i>, lui-même dérivé de <i>nipote</i> qui signifie « neveu », par référence au favoritisme accordé par un pape à l'un de ses neveux par la cession indue de titres ecclésiastiques ou de donations réservés au Vatican<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> (<i>cf.</i> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cardinal-neveu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cardinal-neveu">cardinal-neveu</a>). Mais souvent à cette époque, le terme est un <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euph%C3%A9misme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euphémisme">euphémisme</a> et les « neveux » sont les propres enfants des ecclésiastiques ; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Savonarole?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Savonarole">Savonarole</a> prêchait ainsi contre l'Église de Rome en 1497 : « autrefois, si les prêtres avaient des fils, ils les appelaient leurs neveux ; maintenant on n'a plus de neveux ; on a des fils, des fils tout court. »<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Papes">Papes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A9potisme&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Papes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>Dans le contexte de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Curie_romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Curie romaine">curie romaine</a>, le népotisme a trouvé sa réalisation la plus emblématique dans le phénomène des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cardinal-neveu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cardinal-neveu">cardinaux-neveux</a><sup id="cite_ref-Marche_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Marche-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Parmi les papes ayant pratiqué le népotisme, on peut citer :</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calixte_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calixte III">Calixte <abbr class="abbr" title="3"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">III</span></abbr></a> (1455-1458) : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Borgia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Borgia">Borgia</a> qui nomma <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cardinal_(religion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cardinal (religion)">cardinal</a> son neveu et fils adoptif, le futur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_VI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre VI">Alexandre <abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sixte_IV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sixte IV">Sixte <abbr class="abbr" title="4"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">IV</span></abbr></a> (1471-1484) ; nomma cardinal de nombreux jeunes gens, parmi lesquels son neveu Raphaël Riario, âgé de 17 ans ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_VI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre VI">Alexandre <abbr class="abbr" title="6"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VI</span></abbr></a> (1492-1503) : <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Borgia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Borgia">Borgia</a> qui nomma son fils <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Borgia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="César Borgia">César Borgia</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cardinal_(religion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cardinal (religion)">cardinal</a> à l'âge de 18 ans ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_VII_(pape)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Clément VII (pape)">Clément <abbr class="abbr" title="7"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VII</span></abbr></a> (1523-1534) ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paul_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paul III">Paul III</a> (1534-1549) qui crée le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duch%C3%A9_de_Parme_et_Plaisance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Duché de Parme et Plaisance">duché de Parme et Plaisance</a> pour son fils <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pierre_Louis_Farn%C3%A8se?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Louis Farnèse">Pierre Louis Farnèse</a>, il nomme deux petits-fils cardinaux, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandre_Farn%C3%A8se_(cardinal)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandre Farnèse (cardinal)">Alexandre Farnèse</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guido_Ascanio_Sforza_di_Santa_Fiora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora">Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora</a> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jules_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jules III">Jules III</a> (1550-1555) qui nomme cardinal son favori, adopté par son frère, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Innocenzo_Ciocchi_del_Monte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Innocenzo Ciocchi del Monte">Innocenzo Ciocchi del Monte</a> âgé de 17 ans ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pie_IV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pie IV">Pie IV</a> (1559-1565), qui nomme cardinal le cousin de son gendre, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfonso_Gesualdo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfonso Gesualdo">Alfonso Gesualdo</a>, âgé de 21 ans ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urbain_VIII?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urbain VIII">Urbain <abbr class="abbr" title="8"><span class="romain" style="text-transform:uppercase">VIII</span></abbr></a> (1623-1644) qui éleva trois de ses neveux au rang de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cardinal_(religion)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cardinal (religion)">cardinal</a> ;</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Innocent_X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Innocent X">Innocent X</a> (1644-1655), qui nomma son neveu Camillo Pamphilj comme cardinal.</li> </ul> <p>L'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historiographie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Historiographie">historiographie</a> distingue traditionnellement deux périodes :</p> <ul> <li><i>grand népotisme</i>, avant le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Concile_de_Trente?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Concile de Trente">concile de Trente</a> : les faveurs accordées à la famille consistent en des aliénations du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrimoine_de_Saint_Pierre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrimoine de Saint Pierre">patrimoine de Saint Pierre</a> ;</li> <li><i>petit népotisme</i>, après ce <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Concile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Concile">concile</a>, consistant en des avantages révocables ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rente_viag%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rente viagère">viagers</a>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Politique">Politique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A9potisme&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Politique" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>En politique, le népotisme est caractérisé par les faveurs qu’un homme ou une femme au pouvoir montre envers sa famille ou ses amis, sans considération du mérite ou de l'équité, de leurs aptitudes ou capacités. On distingue généralement le népotisme de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monarchie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Transmission_du_pouvoir_royal" title="Monarchie">transmission héréditaire du pouvoir</a> ou de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9r%C3%A9dit%C3%A9_des_offices?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérédité des offices">hérédité des offices</a>. L'ONG <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transparency_International?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a> l'assimile à la corruption<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Selon <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Max_Weber?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Max Weber">Max Weber</a>, les structures bureaucratiques doivent permettre de faire disparaître le népotisme des gouvernements de type traditionnel<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>La pratique népotique peut être totalement légale ou interdite selon les pays ou les législations. Au-delà du cadre légal, elle peut être aussi d'ordre culturel<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Selon la politologue <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armelle_Le_Bras-Chopard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armelle Le Bras-Chopard">Armelle Le Bras-Chopard</a>, cette pratique peut être motivée par l'aspect financier ou par la meilleure confiance et efficacité d’une relation de travail avec un proche mais elle « traduit la trop grande <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Collusion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Collusion">collusion</a> et le trop grand népotisme qui règnent dans la classe politique »<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A9potisme&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2020">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.aed-france.org/nigeria-notre-terre-est-maintenant-une-mare-de-sang/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Nigeria  : « Notre terre est maintenant une mare de sang »</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Aide à l'Église en Détresse</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2020-10-05" data-sort-value="2020-10-05">5 octobre 2020</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-11-10" data-sort-value="2023-11-10">10 novembre 2023</time>)</small></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cnrtl.fr/definition/N%25C3%25A9potisme"><cite style="font-style:normal;">NÉPOTISME : Définition de NÉPOTISME</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">www.cnrtl.fr</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2018-05-03" data-sort-value="2018-05-03">3 mai 2018</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>Le Robert - Dictionnaire historique de la langue française</i>, T2, 1998 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">2362-2363</span> - </span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Sermon de Carême 1497, cité par Louis Pastor, Histoire des papes, trad. française Furcy Raynaud, t.6, Paris, 1924, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 14</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Marche-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Marche_5-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.franceinter.fr/emission-la-marche-de-l-histoire-0"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Les Borgia</cite></a> », franceinter.fr <i>La Marche de l'histoire</i> par Jean Lebrun <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2011-10-10" data-sort-value="2011-10-10">10 octobre 2011</time>)</small></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.letemps.ch/monde/2017/02/04/corruption-nepotisme-france-rongee-colere-antielus">Corruption et népotisme: la France rongée par la colère anti-élus</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jo_HatchCunliffe2012"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mary_Jo_HatchAnn_L._Cunliffe2012"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Mary Jo Hatch et Ann L. Cunliffe, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Organization Theory : Modern, Symbolic and Postmodern Perspectives</cite>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2012</time>, 351 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-964037-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-964037-9"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-964037-9</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.ca/books?id%3Dtv4CMvRMwooC%26pg%3DPA24">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">24-25</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Organization+Theory&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.stitle=Modern%2C+Symbolic+and+Postmodern+Perspectives&rft.au=Mary+Jo+Hatch&rft.au=Ann+L.+Cunliffe&rft.date=2012&rft.pages=24-25&rft.tpages=351&rft.isbn=978-0-19-964037-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AN%C3%A9potisme"></span></span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.tdg.ch/monde/europe/nepotisme-vieille-habitude-francaise/story/29778551">Le népotisme, une vieille habitude française</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/replay-radio/histoires-d-info/histoires-d-info-le-nepotisme-des-papes-aux-elus-de-la-republique_2085955.html">Le népotisme : des papes aux élus de la République</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2017">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.20minutes.fr/politique/2004087-20170127-affaire-penelope-fillon-pourquoi-politiques-emploient-si-souvent-proches"><cite style="font-style:normal;">Affaire Penelope Fillon: Pourquoi les politiques emploient si souvent leurs proches</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">20minutes.fr</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2017-01-27" data-sort-value="2017-01-27">27 janvier 2017</time></span>.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Annexes">Annexes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A9potisme&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Annexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A9potisme&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Philippe_Levillain2003"><span class="nom_auteur"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philippe_Levillain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philippe Levillain">Philippe Levillain</a></span> (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>), <cite class="italique">Dictionnaire historique de la papauté</cite>, Paris, Fayard, <time>2003</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-213-618577?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-213-618577"><span class="nowrap">2-213-618577</span></a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+historique+de+la+papaut%C3%A9&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.aulast=Philippe+Levillain&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=2-213-618577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AN%C3%A9potisme"></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madeleine_Laurain-Portemer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madeleine Laurain-Portemer">Madeleine Laurain-Portemer</a>, « Absolutisme et népotisme. La surintendance de l'État ecclésiastique », <i>Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes</i>, 1973, tome 131, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">487-568</span>. <small>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/bec_0373-6237_1973_num_131_2_449961">lire en ligne</a>]</small></li> <li>Wolfgang Reinhard, <i>Papauté, confessions, modernité</i>, Paris, Éditions de l’EHESS, 1998.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Bérence1966"><span class="ouvrage" id="Fred_Bérence1966">Fred Bérence, <cite class="italique">Les Papes de la Renaissance</cite>, Paris, Éditions du Sud & <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Albin_Michel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions Albin Michel">Albin Michel</a>, <time>1966</time>, 351 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Papes+de+la+Renaissance&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Albin+Michel&rft.aulast=B%C3%A9rence&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.date=1966&rft.tpages=351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AN%C3%A9potisme"></span></span></span></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A9potisme&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/n%25C3%25A9potisme" class="extiw" title="wikt:népotisme">népotisme</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur le <span class="project">Wiktionnaire</span></span></li> <li class="wikiquote"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikiquote.org/wiki/N%25C3%25A9potisme" class="extiw" title="q:Népotisme">Népotisme</a>, <span class="nowrap">sur <span class="project">Wikiquote</span></span></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cardinal-neveu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cardinal-neveu">Cardinal-neveu</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Client%C3%A9lisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clientélisme">Clientélisme</a></li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Favoritisme_(d%C3%A9lit_en_droit_p%C3%A9nal_fran%C3%A7ais)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Favoritisme (délit en droit pénal français)">Favoritisme (délit en droit pénal français)</a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la politique"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/48px-Society.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="96" data-file-height="38"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 48px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/48px-Society.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="48" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/72px-Society.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/96px-Society.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Politique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Politique">Portail de la politique</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Vatican?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail du Vatican"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="22" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Vatican?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Vatican">Portail du Vatican</a></span> </span></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" 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<span>Dernière modification le 19 novembre 2024, à 13:47</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotisme" title="Nepotisme – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nepotisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="محسوبية – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محسوبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotizm" title="Nepotizm – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nepotizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Непатызм – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Непатызм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D1%258A%25D0%25BC" title="Непотизъм – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Непотизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotegezh" title="Nepotegezh – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nepotegezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotisme" title="Nepotisme – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nepotisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AE%25D8%25B2%25D9%2585%25DA%25AF%25DB%2595%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25DB%2595%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C" title="خزمگەریەتی – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="خزمگەریەتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotismus" title="Nepotismus – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nepotismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotiaeth" title="Nepotiaeth – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nepotiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotisme" title="Nepotisme – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nepotisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetternwirtschaft" title="Vetternwirtschaft – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vetternwirtschaft" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259D%25CE%25B5%25CF%2580%25CE%25BF%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CF%2583%25CE%25BC%25CF%258C%25CF%2582" title="Νεποτισμός – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νεποτισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nepotism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotismo" title="Nepotismo – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nepotismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotismo" title="Nepotismo – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nepotismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onupojapoliitika" title="Onupojapoliitika – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Onupojapoliitika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotismo" title="Nepotismo – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nepotismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AE%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C" title="خویشاوندسالاری – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خویشاوندسالاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotismi" title="Nepotismi – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nepotismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fin%25C3%25ADochas" title="Finíochas – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Finíochas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotismo" title="Nepotismo – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nepotismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A0%25D7%25A4%25D7%2595%25D7%2598%25D7%2599%25D7%2596%25D7%259D" title="נפוטיזם – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נפוטיזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2588-%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A6" title="भाई-भतीजावाद – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भाई-भतीजावाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotizam" title="Nepotizam – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nepotizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotizmus" title="Nepotizmus – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nepotizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B8%25D5%25B6%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A5%25D5%25BE%25D5%25A1%25D6%2580%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Ընտանեվարություն – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ընտանեվարություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotisme" title="Nepotisme – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nepotisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotismo" title="Nepotismo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Nepotismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%25C3%25A6ndhygli" title="Frændhygli – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frændhygli" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotismo" title="Nepotismo – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nepotismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25B8%2581%25E6%2595%2585%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E7%25BE%25A9" title="縁故主義 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="縁故主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2598" title="ნეპოტიზმი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნეპოტიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Непотизм – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Непотизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%25A1%25B1%25EB%25B2%258C%25EC%25A3%25BC%25EC%259D%2598" title="족벌주의 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="족벌주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepot%25C3%25AEzm" title="Nepotîzm – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nepotîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotismus" title="Nepotismus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nepotismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotizmas" title="Nepotizmas – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nepotizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotisms" title="Nepotisms – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nepotisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC" title="Непотизам – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Непотизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotisme" title="Nepotisme – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nepotisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A6" title="नातावाद – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नातावाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25B9%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25A6" title="जहानियावाद – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="जहानियावाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotisme" title="Nepotisme – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nepotisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotisme" title="Nepotisme – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nepotisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotisme" title="Nepotisme – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nepotisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotisme" title="Nepotisme – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nepotisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotyzm" title="Nepotyzm – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nepotyzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AE%25D9%25BE%25D9%2584%25D9%25BE%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2586%25D9%2587" title="خپلپالنه – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خپلپالنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotismo" title="Nepotismo – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nepotismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nepotism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Непотизм – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Непотизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotizam" title="Nepotizam – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nepotizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nepotism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotizmus" title="Nepotizmus – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nepotizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotizem" title="Nepotizem – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nepotizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotizmi" title="Nepotizmi – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nepotizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotizam" title="Nepotizam – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Nepotizam" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nepotism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B9%2587%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B9%2581%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%258D%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B4" title="คติเห็นแก่ญาติ – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คติเห็นแก่ญาติ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotismo" title="Nepotismo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nepotismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotizm" title="Nepotizm – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nepotizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BF%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Непотизм – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Непотизм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A1_%25D9%25BE%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C" title="اقرباء پروری – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اقرباء پروری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepotizm" title="Nepotizm – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nepotizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%25E1%25BB%25A7_ngh%25C4%25A9a_gia_%25C4%2591%25C3%25ACnh_tr%25E1%25BB%258B" title="Chủ nghĩa gia đình trị – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa gia đình trị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%25A3%2599%25E5%25B8%25A6%25E5%2585%25B3%25E7%25B3%25BB" title="裙带关系 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="裙带关系" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2598" title="ნეპოტიზმი – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნეპოტიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%25A3%2599%25E5%25B8%25B6%25E9%2597%259C%25E4%25BF%2582" title="裙帶關係 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="裙帶關係" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 19 novembre 2024 à 13:47.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le contenu est disponible sous licence <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> sauf mention 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