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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciberatac_contra_Dyn" title="Ciberatac contra Dyn – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ciberatac contra Dyn" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDoS-Angriffe_auf_Dyn" title="DDoS-Angriffe auf Dyn – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="DDoS-Angriffe auf Dyn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciberataque_a_Dyn_de_octubre_de_2016" title="Ciberataque a Dyn de octubre de 2016 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ciberataque a Dyn de octubre de 2016" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="حمله سایبری به داین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حمله سایبری به داین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberattaque_de_2016_contre_Dyn" title="Cyberattaque de 2016 contre Dyn – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cyberattaque de 2016 contre Dyn" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016%EB%85%84_%EB%8B%A4%EC%9D%B8_%EC%82%AC%EC%9D%B4%EB%B2%84_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B2%A9" title="2016년 다인 사이버 공격 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="2016년 다인 사이버 공격" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serangan_siber_Dyn_Oktober_2016" title="Serangan siber Dyn Oktober 2016 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Serangan siber Dyn Oktober 2016" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%9C_Dyn" title="מתקפת הסייבר על Dyn – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מתקפת הסייבר על Dyn" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016._okt%C3%B3beri_kibert%C3%A1mad%C3%A1s" title="2016. októberi kibertámadás – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="2016. októberi kibertámadás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberatak_na_Dyn" title="Cyberatak na Dyn – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cyberatak na Dyn" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Dyn" title="Кибератака на Dyn – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кибератака на Dyn" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberattacken_mot_Dyn_2016" title="Cyberattacken mot Dyn 2016 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cyberattacken mot Dyn 2016" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_Dyn" title="Кібератака на Dyn – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кібератака на Dyn" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">DDoS attacks on Dyn</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Level3_Outage_Map_(US)_-_21_October_2016.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Level3_Outage_Map_%28US%29_-_21_October_2016.png/240px-Level3_Outage_Map_%28US%29_-_21_October_2016.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Level3_Outage_Map_%28US%29_-_21_October_2016.png/360px-Level3_Outage_Map_%28US%29_-_21_October_2016.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Level3_Outage_Map_%28US%29_-_21_October_2016.png/480px-Level3_Outage_Map_%28US%29_-_21_October_2016.png 2x" data-file-width="1788" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Map of the areas most affected by the attacks,<br />16:45 <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a>, 21 October 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">October 21, 2016<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2016-10-21</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">11:10 – 13:20 <a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a><br />15:50 – 17:00 UTC<br /> 20:00 – 22:10 UTC<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, especially the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">Eastern United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack#Distributed_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">Distributed denial-of-service</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Participants</th><td class="infobox-data attendee" style="text-align: left;">Unknown</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Suspects</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">New World Hackers, <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous (group)">Anonymous</a><br />(self-claimed)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On October 21, 2016, three consecutive <a href="/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack#Distributed_DoS" title="Denial-of-service attack">distributed denial-of-service attacks</a> were launched against the <a href="/wiki/Domain_Name_System" title="Domain Name System">Domain Name System</a> (DNS) provider <a href="/wiki/Dyn_(company)" title="Dyn (company)">Dyn</a>. The attack caused major Internet platforms and services to be unavailable to large swathes of users in Europe and North America.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The groups <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous (group)">Anonymous</a> and New World Hackers claimed responsibility for the attack, but scant evidence was provided.<sup id="cite_ref-politico1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a DNS provider, Dyn provides to end-users the service of mapping an Internet <a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">domain name</a>—when, for instance, entered into a <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>—to its corresponding <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Denial-of-service_attack#Distributed_attack" title="Denial-of-service attack">distributed denial-of-service</a> (DDoS) attack was accomplished through numerous DNS lookup requests from tens of millions of IP addresses.<sup id="cite_ref-wired_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The activities are believed to have been executed through a <a href="/wiki/Botnet" title="Botnet">botnet</a> consisting of many <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">Internet-connected devices</a>—such as <a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">printers</a>, <a href="/wiki/IP_camera" title="IP camera">IP cameras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Residential_gateway" title="Residential gateway">residential gateways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baby_monitor" title="Baby monitor">baby monitors</a>—that had been infected with the <a href="/wiki/Mirai_(malware)" title="Mirai (malware)">Mirai</a> malware. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Affected_services">Affected services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDoS_attacks_on_Dyn&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Affected services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Services affected by the attack included: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airbnb" title="Airbnb">Airbnb</a><sup id="cite_ref-adweek_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adweek-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a><sup id="cite_ref-CNBC_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNBC-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestry.com" title="Ancestry.com">Ancestry.com</a><sup id="cite_ref-gizmodo_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gizmodo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-adweek_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adweek-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Box (company)">Box</a><sup id="cite_ref-ibtimes_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibtimes-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a><sup id="cite_ref-atlantic_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TechCrunch#CrunchBase" title="TechCrunch">CrunchBase</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirecTV" title="DirecTV">DirecTV</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Elder_Scrolls_Online" title="The Elder Scrolls Online">The Elder Scrolls Online</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a><sup id="cite_ref-atlantic_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etsy" title="Etsy">Etsy</a><sup id="cite_ref-adweek_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adweek-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evergreen_(software)" title="Evergreen (software)">Evergreen ILS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FiveThirtyEight" title="FiveThirtyEight">FiveThirtyEight</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a><sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a><sup id="cite_ref-adweek_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adweek-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-atlantic_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grubhub" title="Grubhub">Grubhub</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroku" title="Heroku">Heroku</a><sup id="cite_ref-nextweb_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nextweb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HostGator" title="HostGator">HostGator</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IHeartRadio" title="IHeartRadio">iHeartRadio</a><sup id="cite_ref-gizmodo_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gizmodo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wjhg_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wjhg-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imgur" title="Imgur">Imgur</a><sup id="cite_ref-roblox_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roblox-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiegogo" title="Indiegogo">Indiegogo</a><sup id="cite_ref-gizmodo_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gizmodo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashable" title="Mashable">Mashable</a><sup id="cite_ref-reuters_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-adweek_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adweek-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-atlantic_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overstock.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Overstock.com">Overstock.com</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinterest" title="Pinterest">Pinterest</a><sup id="cite_ref-atlantic_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixlr" title="Pixlr">Pixlr</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Network" title="PlayStation Network">PlayStation Network</a><sup id="cite_ref-atlantic_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualtrics" title="Qualtrics">Qualtrics</a><sup id="cite_ref-gizmodo_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gizmodo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quora" title="Quora">Quora</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a><sup id="cite_ref-gizmodo_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gizmodo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-atlantic_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roblox" title="Roblox">Roblox</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Lane" title="Ruby Lane">Ruby Lane</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RuneScape" title="RuneScape">RuneScape</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-gizmodo_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gizmodo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SaneBox" title="SaneBox">SaneBox</a><sup id="cite_ref-nextweb_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nextweb-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seamless_(company)" title="Seamless (company)">Seamless</a><sup id="cite_ref-roblox_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roblox-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Second_Life" title="Second Life">Second Life</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-secondlife_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-secondlife-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopify" title="Shopify">Shopify</a><sup id="cite_ref-adweek_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adweek-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slack_(software)" title="Slack (software)">Slack</a><sup id="cite_ref-roblox_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roblox-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SoundCloud" title="SoundCloud">SoundCloud</a><sup id="cite_ref-adweek_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adweek-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squarespace" title="Squarespace">Squarespace</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a><sup id="cite_ref-gizmodo_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gizmodo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-atlantic_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a><sup id="cite_ref-gizmodo_9-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gizmodo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wjhg_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wjhg-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storify" title="Storify">Storify</a><sup id="cite_ref-ibtimes_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibtimes-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Civil_Contingencies_Agency" title="Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency">Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency</a><sup id="cite_ref-sr-20161024_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sr-20161024-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sweden" title="Government of Sweden">Swedish Government</a><sup id="cite_ref-sr-20161024_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sr-20161024-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr">Tumblr</a><sup id="cite_ref-gizmodo_9-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gizmodo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-atlantic_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twilio" title="Twilio">Twilio</a><sup id="cite_ref-gizmodo_9-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gizmodo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a><sup id="cite_ref-adweek_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adweek-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gizmodo_9-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gizmodo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-atlantic_13-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verizon_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Verizon Communications">Verizon Communications</a><sup id="cite_ref-atlantic_13-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-atlantic-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_Inc." title="Visa Inc.">Visa</a><sup id="cite_ref-cbs_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cbs-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vox_Media" title="Vox Media">Vox Media</a><sup id="cite_ref-Verge_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verge-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walgreens" title="Walgreens">Walgreens</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikia">Wikia</a><sup id="cite_ref-gizmodo_9-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gizmodo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-ibtimes_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibtimes-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wix.com" title="Wix.com">Wix.com</a><sup id="cite_ref-ars_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ars-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WWE_Network" title="WWE Network">WWE Network</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_Live" class="mw-redirect" title="Xbox Live">Xbox Live</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Yammer">Yammer</a><sup id="cite_ref-roblox_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roblox-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelp" title="Yelp">Yelp</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zillow" title="Zillow">Zillow</a><sup id="cite_ref-Fusion_10-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fusion-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investigation">Investigation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDoS_attacks_on_Dyn&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Investigation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Cyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm/220px--Cyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="35" data-mwtitle="Cyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Cyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/Cyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm/Cyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="852" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dd/Cyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="852" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/Cyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm/Cyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/Cyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm/Cyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/Cyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm/Cyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/dd/Cyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm/Cyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm&lang=zh-cn&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans-CN" label="中文（中国大陆） ‪(zh-cn)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ACyberattack_Slows_US_Access_to_Popular_Sites.webm&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Josh_Earnest" title="Josh Earnest">Josh Earnest</a> responds on October 21, 2016, the day of the attack</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">US Department of Homeland Security</a> started an investigation into the attacks, according to a <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> source.<sup id="cite_ref-:01_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:01-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> No group of hackers claimed responsibility during or in the immediate aftermath of the attack.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dyn's chief strategist said in an interview that the assaults on the company's servers were very complex and unlike everyday DDoS attacks.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Simons" title="Barbara Simons">Barbara Simons</a>, a member of the advisory board of the United States <a href="/wiki/Election_Assistance_Commission" title="Election Assistance Commission">Election Assistance Commission</a>, said such attacks could affect <a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting" title="Electronic voting">electronic voting</a> for overseas military or civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dyn disclosed that, according to business risk intelligence firm FlashPoint and <a href="/wiki/Akamai_Technologies" title="Akamai Technologies">Akamai Technologies</a>, the attack was a <a href="/wiki/Botnet" title="Botnet">botnet</a> coordinated through numerous <a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">Internet of Things</a>-enabled (IoT) devices, including <a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">cameras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Residential_gateway" title="Residential gateway">residential gateways</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Baby_monitor" title="Baby monitor">baby monitors</a>, that had been infected with <a href="/wiki/Mirai_(malware)" title="Mirai (malware)">Mirai</a> malware. The attribution of the attack to the Mirai botnet had been previously reported by BackConnect Inc., another security firm.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dyn stated that they were receiving malicious requests from tens of millions of <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP addresses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wired_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wired-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mirai is designed to <a href="/wiki/Brute-force_attack" title="Brute-force attack">brute-force</a> the security on an IoT device, allowing it to be controlled remotely. </p><p>Cybersecurity investigator <a href="/wiki/Brian_Krebs" title="Brian Krebs">Brian Krebs</a> noted that the source code for Mirai had been released onto the Internet in an <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source</a> manner some weeks prior, which made the investigation of the perpetrator more difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 October 2016, US President Obama stated that the investigators still had no idea who carried out the cyberattack.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 13 December 2017, the Justice Department announced that three men (Paras Jha, 21, Josiah White, 20, and Dalton Norman, 21) had entered guilty pleas in cybercrime cases relating to the Mirai and clickfraud botnets.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perpetrators">Perpetrators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDoS_attacks_on_Dyn&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Perpetrators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In correspondence with the website <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Hacktivist" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacktivist">hacktivist</a> groups SpainSquad, <a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(group)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anonymous (group)">Anonymous</a>, and New World Hackers claimed responsibility for the attack in retaliation against <a href="/wiki/Ecuador" title="Ecuador">Ecuador</a>'s rescinding Internet access to <a href="/wiki/WikiLeaks" title="WikiLeaks">WikiLeaks</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Julian_Assange" title="Julian Assange">Julian Assange</a>, at their <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_Ecuador,_London" title="Embassy of Ecuador, London">embassy in London</a>, where he had been granted <a href="/wiki/Right_of_asylum" title="Right of asylum">asylum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-politico1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This claim has yet to be confirmed.<sup id="cite_ref-politico1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-politico1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> WikiLeaks alluded to the attack on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, tweeting "Mr. Assange is still alive and WikiLeaks is still publishing. We ask supporters to stop taking down the US internet. You proved your point."<sup id="cite_ref-smh_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smh-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> New World Hackers has claimed responsibility in the past for similar attacks targeting sites like <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/ESPN.com" title="ESPN.com">ESPN.com</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 26, FlashPoint stated that the attack was most likely done by <a href="/wiki/Script_kiddie" title="Script kiddie">script kiddies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A November 17, 2016, a <i>Forbes</i> article reported that the attack was likely carried out by "an angry gamer".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 9, 2020, one of the perpetrators pleaded guilty to taking part in the attack. The perpetrator's name was withheld due to his or her age.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDoS_attacks_on_Dyn&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/28px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/42px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/56px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/WannaCry_ransomware_attack" title="WannaCry ransomware attack">WannaCry ransomware attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirai_(malware)" title="Mirai (malware)">Mirai (malware)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulnerability_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulnerability (computing)">Vulnerability (computing)</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=DDoS_attacks_on_Dyn&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://downdetector.com/status/level3/map/">"Level3 outage? 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hacking_in_the_2010s" title="Template:Hacking in the 2010s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hacking_in_the_2010s" title="Template talk:Hacking in the 2010s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hacking_in_the_2010s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hacking in the 2010s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hacking_in_the_2010s" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hacking in the 2010s</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Template:Hacking_in_the_2000s" title="Template:Hacking in the 2000s">2000s</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;" class=""><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_computer_security_hacker_history#2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of computer security hacker history">Timeline</a></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hacking_in_the_2020s" title="Template:Hacking in the 2020s">2020s</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Aurora" title="Operation Aurora">Operation Aurora</a> (publication of 2009 events)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2010_Australian_cyberattacks" title="February 2010 Australian cyberattacks">Australian cyberattacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Olympic_Games" title="Operation Olympic Games">Operation Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Network" title="Shadow Network">Operation ShadowNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Payback" title="Operation Payback">Operation Payback</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_government_hackings" title="2011 Canadian government hackings">Canadian government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DigiNotar" title="DigiNotar">DigiNotar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNSChanger" title="DNSChanger">DNSChanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HBGary" title="HBGary">HBGary Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_AntiSec" title="Operation AntiSec">Operation AntiSec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_PlayStation_Network_outage" title="2011 PlayStation Network outage">PlayStation network outage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RSA_SecurID#March_2011_system_compromise" title="RSA SecurID">RSA SecurID compromise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2012_LinkedIn_hack" title="2012 LinkedIn hack">LinkedIn hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratfor_email_leak" title="Stratfor email leak">Stratfor email leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_High_Roller" title="Operation High Roller">Operation High Roller</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2013_South_Korea_cyberattack" title="2013 South Korea cyberattack">South Korea cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snapchat#December_2013_hack" title="Snapchat">Snapchat hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25_cyber_terror" class="mw-redirect" title="June 25 cyber terror">Cyberterrorism attack of June 25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_data_breaches#August_2013:_breach" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! data breaches">2013 Yahoo! data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Singapore_cyberattacks" title="2013 Singapore cyberattacks">Singapore cyberattacks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthem_medical_data_breach" title="Anthem medical data breach">Anthem medical data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tovar" title="Operation Tovar">Operation Tovar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_celebrity_nude_photo_leak" title="2014 celebrity nude photo leak">2014 celebrity nude photo leak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_JPMorgan_Chase_data_breach" title="2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach">2014 JPMorgan Chase data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Sony_Pictures_hack" title="2014 Sony Pictures hack">2014 Sony Pictures hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Russian_hacker_password_theft" title="2014 Russian hacker password theft">Russian hacker password theft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_data_breaches#Late_2014:_breach" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! data breaches">2014 Yahoo! data breach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Personnel_Management_data_breach" title="Office of Personnel Management data breach">Office of Personnel Management data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HackingTeam#2015_data_breach" title="HackingTeam">HackingTeam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_Madison_data_breach" title="Ashley Madison data breach">Ashley Madison data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VTech#2015_data_breach" title="VTech">VTech data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Ukraine_power_grid_hack" title="2015 Ukraine power grid hack">Ukrainian Power Grid Cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_SWIFT_banking_hack" title="2015–2016 SWIFT banking hack">SWIFT banking hack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Bank_robbery" title="Bangladesh Bank robbery">Bangladesh Bank robbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Presbyterian_Medical_Center#Ransomware" title="Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center">Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center ransomware incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Elections_data_breach" title="Commission on Elections data breach">Commission on Elections data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic National Committee cyber attacks">Democratic National Committee cyber attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_airports_hackings" title="Vietnamese airports hackings">Vietnam Airport Hacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Congressional_Campaign_Committee_cyber_attacks" title="Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee cyber attacks">DCCC cyber attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Indian_Banks_data_breach" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Indian Banks data breach">Indian Bank data breaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surkov_leaks" title="Surkov leaks">Surkov leaks</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dyn cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_United_States_elections" title="Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections">Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Bitfinex_hack" title="2016 Bitfinex hack">2016 Bitfinex hack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SHA1#SHAttered_–_first_public_collision" class="mw-redirect" title="SHA1">SHAttered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks" title="2017 Macron e-mail leaks">2017 Macron e-mail leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WannaCry_ransomware_attack" title="WannaCry ransomware attack">WannaCry ransomware attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Westminster_data_breach" title="2017 Westminster data breach">Westminster data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petya_(malware_family)" title="Petya (malware family)">Petya and NotPetya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Ukraine_ransomware_attacks" title="2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks">2017 Ukraine ransomware attacks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Equifax_data_breach" title="2017 Equifax data breach">Equifax data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deloitte#E-mail_hack" title="Deloitte">Deloitte breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disqus#October_2017_security_breach" title="Disqus">Disqus breach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trustico#DigiCert_and_Trustico_spat,_2018" title="Trustico">Trustico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta_government_ransomware_attack" title="Atlanta government ransomware attack">Atlanta cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_SingHealth_data_breach" title="2018 SingHealth data breach">SingHealth data breach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_cyberattacks_on_Sri_Lanka" title="2019 cyberattacks on Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka cyberattack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Baltimore_ransomware_attack" title="2019 Baltimore ransomware attack">Baltimore ransomware attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Bulgarian_revenue_agency_hack" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Bulgarian revenue agency hack">Bulgarian revenue agency hack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WhatsApp_snooping_scandal" title="WhatsApp snooping scandal">WhatsApp snooping scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bezos_phone_hacking_incident" title="Jeff Bezos phone hacking incident">Jeff Bezos phone hacking incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hacktivism" title="Hacktivism">Hacktivism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(hacker_group)" title="Anonymous (hacker group)">Anonymous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_events_associated_with_Anonymous" title="Timeline of events associated with Anonymous">associated events</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CyberBerkut" title="CyberBerkut">CyberBerkut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Nigger_Association_of_America" title="Gay Nigger Association of America">GNAA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goatse_Security" title="Goatse Security">Goatse Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizard_Squad" title="Lizard Squad">Lizard Squad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LulzRaft" title="LulzRaft">LulzRaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LulzSec" title="LulzSec">LulzSec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Dyn_cyberattack#Perpetrators" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Dyn cyberattack">New World Hackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NullCrew" title="NullCrew">NullCrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OurMine" title="OurMine">OurMine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PayPal_14" title="PayPal 14">PayPal 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RedHack" title="RedHack">RedHack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teamp0ison" title="Teamp0ison">Teamp0ison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Overlord_(hacker_group)" title="The Dark Overlord (hacker group)"> TDO </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UGNazi" title="UGNazi">UGNazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Cyber_Alliance" title="Ukrainian Cyber Alliance">Ukrainian Cyber Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Advanced_persistent_threat" title="Advanced persistent threat">Advanced<br />persistent threats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Black_Hat_Hackers" title="Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers">Bangladesh Black Hat Hackers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_121" title="Bureau 121">Bureau 121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charming_Kitten" title="Charming Kitten">Charming Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozy_Bear" title="Cozy Bear">Cozy Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Basin" title="Dark Basin">Dark Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DarkMatter_Group" title="DarkMatter Group">DarkMatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elfin_Team" title="Elfin Team">Elfin Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equation_Group" title="Equation Group">Equation Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fancy_Bear" title="Fancy Bear">Fancy Bear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuxnet#History" title="Stuxnet">GOSSIPGIRL</a> (confederation)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guccifer_2.0" title="Guccifer 2.0">Guccifer 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacking_Team" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacking Team">Hacking Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helix_Kitten" title="Helix Kitten">Helix Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Cyber_Army" title="Iranian Cyber Army">Iranian Cyber Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Group" title="Lazarus Group">Lazarus Group</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Group#BlueNorOff" title="Lazarus Group">BlueNorOff</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Group#AndAriel" title="Lazarus Group">AndAriel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSO_Group" title="NSO Group">NSO Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numbered_Panda" title="Numbered Panda">Numbered Panda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLA_Unit_61398" title="PLA Unit 61398">PLA Unit 61398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLA_Unit_61486" title="PLA Unit 61486">PLA Unit 61486</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLATINUM_(cybercrime_group)" title="PLATINUM (cybercrime group)">PLATINUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranknet" title="Pranknet">Pranknet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Apollo" title="Red Apollo">Red Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Kitten" title="Rocket Kitten">Rocket Kitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stealth_Falcon" title="Stealth Falcon">Stealth Falcon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Electronic_Army" title="Syrian Electronic Army">Syrian Electronic Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tailored_Access_Operations" title="Tailored Access Operations">Tailored Access Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_Brokers" title="The Shadow Brokers">The Shadow Brokers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XDedic" title="XDedic">xDedic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen_Cyber_Army" title="Yemen Cyber Army">Yemen Cyber Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hacker" title="Hacker">Individuals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Ackroyd" title="Ryan Ackroyd">Ryan Ackroyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Al-Bassam" title="Mustafa Al-Bassam">Mustafa Al-Bassam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Hotz" title="George Hotz">George Hotz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guccifer" title="Guccifer">Guccifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Gunton" title="Elliott Gunton">Elliott Gunton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Hammond" title="Jeremy Hammond">Jeremy Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristoffer_von_Hassel" title="Kristoffer von Hassel">Kristoffer von Hassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junaid_Hussain" title="Junaid Hussain">Junaid Hussain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MLT_(hacktivist)" title="MLT (hacktivist)">MLT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector_Monsegur" title="Hector Monsegur">Sabu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Seleznev" title="Roman Seleznev">Track2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topiary_(hacktivist)" title="Topiary (hacktivist)">Topiary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jester_(hacktivist)" title="The Jester (hacktivist)">The Jester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major <a href="/wiki/Vulnerability_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vulnerability (computing)">vulnerabilities</a><br />publicly <a href="/wiki/Full_disclosure_(computer_security)" title="Full disclosure (computer security)">disclosed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evercookie" title="Evercookie">Evercookie</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISeeYou" title="ISeeYou">iSeeYou</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartbleed" title="Heartbleed"> Heartbleed</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shellshock_(software_bug)" title="Shellshock (software bug)">Shellshock</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/POODLE" title="POODLE">POODLE</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rootpipe" title="Rootpipe">Rootpipe</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Row_hammer" title="Row hammer">Row hammer</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signaling_System_No._7#Protocol_security_vulnerabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Signaling System No. 7">SS7 vulnerabilities</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinShock" title="WinShock">WinShock</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/JASBUG" title="JASBUG">JASBUG</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagefright_(bug)" title="Stagefright (bug)">Stagefright</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DROWN_attack" title="DROWN attack">DROWN</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badlock" title="Badlock">Badlock</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_COW" title="Dirty COW">Dirty COW</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloudbleed" title="Cloudbleed">Cloudbleed</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcom_Corporation#soc-wifi-vulns" title="Broadcom Corporation">Broadcom Wi-Fi</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EternalBlue" title="EternalBlue">EternalBlue</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoublePulsar" title="DoublePulsar">DoublePulsar</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Active_Management_Technology#Silent_Bob_is_Silent" title="Intel Active Management Technology">Silent Bob is Silent</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRACK" title="KRACK">KRACK</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROCA_vulnerability" title="ROCA vulnerability">ROCA vulnerability</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlueBorne_(security_vulnerability)" title="BlueBorne (security vulnerability)">BlueBorne</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meltdown_(security_vulnerability)" title="Meltdown (security vulnerability)">Meltdown</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectre_(security_vulnerability)" title="Spectre (security vulnerability)">Spectre</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EFAIL" title="EFAIL">EFAIL</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exactis" title="Exactis">Exactis</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_Store_Bypass" title="Speculative Store Bypass">Speculative Store Bypass</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazy_FP_state_restore" title="Lazy FP state restore">Lazy FP state restore</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TLBleed" title="TLBleed">TLBleed</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SigSpoof" title="SigSpoof">SigSpoof</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreshadow" title="Foreshadow">Foreshadow</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi_Protected_Access#Dragonblood_attack" title="Wi-Fi Protected Access">Dragonblood</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microarchitectural_Data_Sampling" title="Microarchitectural Data Sampling">Microarchitectural Data Sampling</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlueKeep" title="BlueKeep">BlueKeep</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kr00k" title="Kr00k">Kr00k</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Malware" title="Malware">Malware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ransomware#Bad_Rabbit" title="Ransomware">Bad Rabbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackEnergy#BlackEnergy_2_(BE2)" title="BlackEnergy"> Black Energy 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpyEye" title="SpyEye">SpyEye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuxnet" title="Stuxnet">Stuxnet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coreflood" title="Coreflood">Coreflood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alureon" title="Alureon">Alureon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqu" title="Duqu">Duqu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelihos_botnet" title="Kelihos botnet">Kelihos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metulji_botnet" title="Metulji botnet">Metulji botnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_virus" title="Stars virus">Stars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2012</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carna_botnet" title="Carna botnet">Carna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dexter_(malware)" title="Dexter (malware)">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FBI_MoneyPak_Ransomware" title="FBI MoneyPak Ransomware">FBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flame_(malware)" title="Flame (malware)">Flame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdi_(malware)" title="Mahdi (malware)">Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_October_(malware)" title="Red October (malware)">Red October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamoon" title="Shamoon">Shamoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CryptoLocker" title="CryptoLocker">CryptoLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_South_Korea_cyberattack" title="2013 South Korea cyberattack">DarkSeoul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brambul" title="Brambul">Brambul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackEnergy#BlackEnergy_3_(BE3)" title="BlackEnergy"> Black Energy 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbanak" title="Carbanak">Carbanak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Careto_(malware)" title="Careto (malware)">Careto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DarkHotel" title="DarkHotel">DarkHotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqu_2.0" title="Duqu 2.0">Duqu 2.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FinFisher" title="FinFisher">FinFisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gameover_ZeuS" title="Gameover ZeuS">Gameover ZeuS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regin_(malware)" title="Regin (malware)">Regin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dridex" title="Dridex">Dridex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hidden_Tear" title="Hidden Tear">Hidden Tear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rombertik" title="Rombertik">Rombertik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TeslaCrypt" title="TeslaCrypt">TeslaCrypt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitler-Ransomware" title="Hitler-Ransomware">Hitler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigsaw_(ransomware)" title="Jigsaw (ransomware)">Jigsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KeRanger" title="KeRanger">KeRanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Necurs">Necurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEMZ" title="MEMZ">MEMZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirai_(malware)" title="Mirai (malware)">Mirai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(spyware)" title="Pegasus (spyware)">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petya_and_NotPetya" class="mw-redirect" title="Petya and NotPetya">Petya and NotPetya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Agent" title="X-Agent">X-Agent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BrickerBot" title="BrickerBot">BrickerBot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Ransomware" title="Kirk Ransomware">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LogicLocker" title="LogicLocker">LogicLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rensenware" title="Rensenware">Rensenware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(malware)" title="Triton (malware)">Triton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WannaCry_ransomware_attack" title="WannaCry ransomware attack">WannaCry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xafecopy_Trojan" title="Xafecopy Trojan">XafeCopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VPNFilter" title="VPNFilter">VPNFilter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grum_botnet" title="Grum botnet">Grum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanap" title="Joanap">Joanap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetTraveler" title="NetTraveler">NetTraveler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_Computer_Club#Staatstrojaner_affair" title="Chaos Computer Club">R2D2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_Banker_Trojan" title="Tiny Banker Trojan">Tinba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanium_(malware)" title="Titanium (malware)">Titanium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeroAccess_botnet" title="ZeroAccess botnet">ZeroAccess botnet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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