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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>3.0</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3.0-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3.5" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3.5"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>3.5</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3.5-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Known_problems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Known_problems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Known problems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Known_problems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Discontinued software produced by Microsoft which provided Unix environment on Windows NT</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Windows Services for UNIX</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">SFU</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MKS_Inc." title="MKS Inc.">MKS Inc.</a> (SFU 1.0 / 2.0), <a href="/wiki/Interix" title="Interix">Softway Systems, Inc.</a> (SFU 3.0 / 3.5)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">February 1999<span class="noprint">; 26 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1999-02</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Final release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">3.5 / January 2004<span class="noprint">; 21 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2004-01</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> and <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_POSIX_subsystem" title="Microsoft POSIX subsystem">Microsoft POSIX subsystem</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Compatibility_layer" title="Compatibility layer">Compatibility layer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170826161806/https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb496506.aspx">Windows Services for Unix</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived 2017-08-26)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Windows Services for UNIX</b> (<b>SFU</b>) is a discontinued software package produced by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> which provided a <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> environment on <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> and some of its immediate successor operating-systems. </p><p>SFU 1.0 and 2.0 used the <a href="/wiki/MKS_Toolkit" title="MKS Toolkit">MKS Toolkit</a>; starting with SFU 3.0, SFU included the <a href="/wiki/Interix" title="Interix">Interix</a> subsystem,<sup id="cite_ref-LiuPeltier2008_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiuPeltier2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was acquired by Microsoft in 1999 from US-based Softway Systems as part of an asset acquisition.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SFU 3.5 was the last release and was available as a free download from Microsoft. <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003_R2" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Server 2003 R2">Windows Server 2003 R2</a> included most of the former SFU components (on Disk 2), naming the Interix subsystem component Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications (SUA).<sup id="cite_ref-technet.microsoft.com_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-technet.microsoft.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Windows Server 2008</a> and high-end versions of both <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a> (Enterprise and Ultimate), a minimal Interix SUA was included, but most of the other SFU utilities had to be downloaded separately from Microsoft's web site.<sup id="cite_ref-LiuPeltier2008_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LiuPeltier2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Interix subsystem included in SFU 3.0 and 3.5 and later released as SUA Windows components provided header files and libraries that made it easier to recompile or port Unix applications for use on Windows; they did not make Linux or other Unix binaries (<a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution" title="Berkeley Software Distribution">BSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xenix" title="Xenix">Xenix</a> etc) compatible with Windows binaries. Like the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_POSIX_subsystem" title="Microsoft POSIX subsystem">Microsoft POSIX subsystem</a> that Interix replaced, it is best thought of as a distinct <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> platform. </p><p>It is replaced by <a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a> in <a href="/wiki/Windows_10" title="Windows 10">Windows 10</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2019" title="Windows Server 2019">Windows Server 2019</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Components">Components</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Services_for_UNIX&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Korn_Shell_running_on_SUA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Korn_Shell_running_on_SUA.png/250px-Korn_Shell_running_on_SUA.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Korn_Shell_running_on_SUA.png/330px-Korn_Shell_running_on_SUA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Korn_Shell_running_on_SUA.png/500px-Korn_Shell_running_on_SUA.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/KornShell" title="KornShell">KornShell</a> running on SUA</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C_Shell_running_on_SUA.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/C_Shell_running_on_SUA.png/250px-C_Shell_running_on_SUA.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/C_Shell_running_on_SUA.png/330px-C_Shell_running_on_SUA.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/C_Shell_running_on_SUA.png/500px-C_Shell_running_on_SUA.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/C_shell" title="C shell">C shell</a> running on SUA</figcaption></figure> <p>As of SFU 3.5, it contained: </p> <ul><li>Over 350 <a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a> utilities such as <a href="/wiki/Vi_(text_editor)" title="Vi (text editor)">vi</a>, <a href="/wiki/KornShell" title="KornShell">ksh</a>, <a href="/wiki/C_shell" title="C shell">csh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ls" title="Ls">ls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cat_(Unix)" title="Cat (Unix)">cat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Awk" class="mw-redirect" title="Awk">awk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grep" title="Grep">grep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kill_(command)" title="Kill (command)">kill</a>, etc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</a> 3.3 compiler, includes and libraries (through an MS libc)</li> <li>A cc-like wrapper for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual Studio">Microsoft Visual Studio</a> command-line C/C++ compiler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Debugger" title="GNU Debugger">GDB</a> debugger</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_File_System" title="Network File System">NFS</a> server and client</li> <li>A pcnfsd daemon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Window_system" class="mw-redirect" title="X Window system">X11</a> tools and libraries</li> <li>Tools for making NFS mount-points appear as Windows shares, and vice versa (<i>gateway</i> services)</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Network_Information_Service" title="Network Information Service">NIS</a> server capability linked with Active Directory (AD)</li> <li>Some Windows/Unix authentication information-synchronization tools</li></ul> <p>SFU did not contain the following: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bash_(Unix_shell)" title="Bash (Unix shell)">bash</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenSSH" title="OpenSSH">OpenSSH</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudo" title="Sudo">sudo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Concurrent_Versions_System" title="Concurrent Versions System">CVS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clam_AntiVirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Clam AntiVirus">ClamAV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bzip2" title="Bzip2">bzip2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Make_(software)#Derivatives" title="Make (software)">gmake</a>, <a href="/wiki/CURL" title="CURL">curl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emacs" title="Emacs">emacs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server" title="Apache HTTP Server">Apache</a>, <a href="/wiki/XView" title="XView">XView</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tcl" title="Tcl">Tcl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></li></ul> <p>Although SFU includes <a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window System</a> client libraries and applications, it does not contain a native X server. Administrators may configure any of the numerous third-party Windows X servers. Fully featured free options include <a href="/wiki/Cygwin/X" title="Cygwin/X">Cygwin/X</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xming" title="Xming">Xming</a> and WeirdX. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Releases">Releases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Services_for_UNIX&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Releases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1.0">1.0</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Services_for_UNIX&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1.0"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Microsoft produced at least one beta release of the initial version of SFU before its final release in February 1999. This release, in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> only, was supported on the <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT_4.0" title="Windows NT 4.0">Windows NT 4.0</a> SP3+ for <a href="/wiki/X86" title="X86">x86</a> and <a href="/wiki/DEC_Alpha" title="DEC Alpha">Alpha</a> platforms. This is the only known release to support Alpha. It included a demonstration version of the <a href="/wiki/MKS_Toolkit" title="MKS Toolkit">MKS Toolkit</a> along with the following components: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a> server</li> <li>Telnet client</li> <li>UNIX Utilities (from <a href="/wiki/MKS_Inc." title="MKS Inc.">MKS</a>)</li> <li>Client for <a href="/wiki/Network_File_System" title="Network File System">NFS</a></li> <li>Server for NFS</li> <li>Server for NFS Authentication</li> <li>Windows NT to UNIX password-synchronization</li> <li>Help files and documentation</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2.0">2.0</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Services_for_UNIX&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2.0"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This second installment of SFU was released April 2000 and was also for English; however, a <a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese-language</a> release appeared just two months later in June 2000. Both ran on Windows NT 4.0 SP4+ and <a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a> on x86 platforms with <a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a> 4.01+. SFU 2.0 supported the following UNIX versions: <a href="/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="Solaris (operating system)">Solaris</a> 2.6+, <a href="/wiki/HP-UX" title="HP-UX">HP-UX</a> 10.2+, <a href="/wiki/IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">AIX</a> 4.2+, <a href="/wiki/Tru64_UNIX" title="Tru64 UNIX">Tru64 UNIX</a> 5.0+, and <a href="/wiki/Red_Hat_Linux" title="Red Hat Linux">Red Hat Linux</a> 5.1+. It included the following components: </p> <ul><li>Server for <a href="/wiki/Network_File_System" title="Network File System">NFS</a> (NFSServer)</li> <li>Client for NFS (NFSClient)</li> <li>Gateway for NFS (NFSGateway)</li> <li>Server for PCNFS (Pcnfsd)</li> <li>User Name Mapping (Mapsvc)</li> <li>Server for NFS Authentication (NFSServerAuth)</li> <li>Server for <a href="/wiki/Network_Information_Service" title="Network Information Service">NIS</a> (NIS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telnet" title="Telnet">Telnet</a> Client (TelnetClient)</li> <li>Telnet server (TelnetServer)</li> <li>Password synchronization (PasswdSync)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActiveState" title="ActiveState">ActiveState</a> ActivePerl (Perl)</li> <li>UNIX utilities (UnixUtilities)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cron" title="Cron">Cron</a> service (CronSvc)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Shell" title="Remote Shell">Rsh</a> service (RshSvc)</li></ul> <p>There were subsequent updated OEM releases SFU 2.1, SFU 2.2, and SFU 2.3. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="3.0">3.0</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Services_for_UNIX&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 3.0"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This version, released in May 2002, was the first release to include the <a href="/wiki/Interix" title="Interix">Interix</a> subsystem. Previously Microsoft had released Interix 2.2 (actually version 2.2.5) as a separate product around the same time frame as SFU 2.0. This SFU release included Interix release 3.0 (commonly called the "version" as reported by <b>uname -r</b>) with an internal Microsoft version of 7.0 that relates to internal build sequences. This Interix release contained significant technical extensions from the Interix 2.2 release such as a rooted file system and setuid functionality that were entirely based on the Softway Systems' <a href="/wiki/Interix" title="Interix">Interix</a> development codenamed "Firebrand". This was also released in English and followed by a later release in Japanese in October 2002, adding <a href="/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization" title="Internationalization and localization">internationalization</a> support. Both supported Windows NT 4.0 SP6a+, Windows 2000, and <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> Professional on x86 platforms with Internet Explorer 5.0+. The MKS Toolkit was no longer included. It included the following components: </p> <ul><li>Base Utilities for Interix (BaseUtils; including <a href="/wiki/X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X11R5</a> utilities)</li> <li>UNIX Perl for Interix (UNIXPerl)</li> <li>Interix SDK (InterixSDK; including headers and libraries for development and a wrapper for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a> compiler)</li> <li>GNU Utilities for Interix (GNUUtils, about 9 utilities in total)</li> <li>GNU SDK for Interix (GNUSDK; including <a href="/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection" title="GNU Compiler Collection">gcc</a> and g++)</li> <li>NFS Client for Windows (NFSClient)</li> <li>NFS Gateway for Windows (NFSGateway)</li> <li>NFS Server for Windows (NFSServer)</li> <li>NIS Server for Windows (NIS)</li> <li>Password Synchronization (PasswdSync)</li> <li>Windows Remote Shell Service (RshSvc)</li> <li>Telnet Server for Windows (TelnetServer)</li> <li>NFS User Name Mapping (Mapsvc)</li> <li>NFS Authentication Server (NFSServerAuth)</li> <li>PCNFS Server (Pcnfsd)</li> <li>ActiveState Perl (Perl)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="3.5">3.5</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Services_for_UNIX&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 3.5"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This was the final release of SFU and the only release to be distributed free of charge. It was released January 2004 and included both English and Japanese versions for Windows 2000, Windows XP Professional, and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Server 2003</a> (original release only<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) on x86 platforms with Internet Explorer 5.0+. It included Interix subsystem release 3.5 (build version 8.0) adding internationalization support (at least for the English version which did not have such until now) and <a href="/wiki/POSIX_Threads" class="mw-redirect" title="POSIX Threads">POSIX threading</a>. This release could only be installed to an <a href="/wiki/NTFS" title="NTFS">NTFS</a> <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a> (earlier versions supported <a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a>; this was for improved file-security requirements in Interix 3.5). The following UNIX versions were supported for NFS components: Solaris 7 and 8, Red Hat Linux 8.0, AIX 5L 5.2, and HP-UX 11i. It included the following components: </p> <ul><li>Base Utilities for Interix (BaseUtils; including X11R6 and X11R5 utilities)</li> <li>UNIX Perl for Interix (UNIXPerl)</li> <li>Interix SDK (InterixSDK; including headers and libraries for development and a wrapper for Visual Studio compiler)</li> <li>GNU Utilities for Interix (GNUUtils, again about 9 utilities)</li> <li>GNU SDK for Interix (GNUSDK; including gcc and g++)</li> <li>NFS Client for Windows (NFSClient)</li> <li>NFS Gateway for Windows (NFSGateway)</li> <li>NFS Server for Windows (NFSServer)</li> <li>NIS Server for Windows (NIS)</li> <li>Password synchronization (PasswdSync)</li> <li>Windows Remote Shell Service (RshSvc)</li> <li>Telnet Server for Windows (TelnetServer)</li> <li>NFS User Name Mapping (Mapsvc)</li> <li>NFS Authentication Server (NFSServerAuth)</li> <li>PCNFS server (Pcnfsd)</li> <li>ActiveState Perl (Perl)</li></ul> <p>Microsoft does not intend to produce any further standalone versions of SFU, opting instead for the integrated SUA. As of August 18, 2016, v3.5 is unavailable from the provided Microsoft Link.<sup id="cite_ref-Download_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Download-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General support continued until 2011; extended support until 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-Watch_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Watch-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Known_problems">Known problems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Services_for_UNIX&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Known problems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Character translation must be used to accommodate filenames which include a colon (:) or other characters that do not comply with the naming conventions of Windows file-systems. Files with the same name but different cases are also not allowed by default, but can be enabled on installation with the side-effect of making the underlying partition's filesystem case-sensitive,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even for the Win32 subsystem. </p><p>Network authentication for UNIX systems relies on the insecure NIS protocol (LDAP- and Kerberos-based authentication require a third-party solution). Microsoft has released several <a href="/wiki/Hotfix" title="Hotfix">hotfixes</a> for Windows Services for UNIX, and at least one Security Update (KB939778). The <a href="/wiki/GNU_Project" title="GNU Project">GNU Project</a> utilities are several versions older than the latest ones. A separate port of the up-to-date <a href="/wiki/Debian" title="Debian">Debian</a> utilities was started in 2007, but apparently abandoned in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several of the text processing utilities in SUA (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Awk" class="mw-redirect" title="Awk">awk</a>) are not compatible with <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wide_character" title="Wide character">wide character</a> text files. </p><p>No version of Windows Services for UNIX is available for <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_Professional_x64_Edition" title="Windows XP Professional x64 Edition">Windows XP Professional x64 Edition</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Services_for_UNIX&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003_R2" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows Server 2003 R2">Windows Server 2003 R2</a> contains most SFU components, namely Microsoft Services for Network File System (NFS), Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications (SUA, a.k.a. <a href="/wiki/Interix" title="Interix">Interix</a>), and Identity Management for UNIX.<sup id="cite_ref-MS_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MS-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The July 2007 SFU 3.5 Security Update updated posix.exe and related files to match the SUA version.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike the SFU, the SUA version included in Windows Server 2003 R2 (and subsequent versions) has 64-bit support and allows linking of Win32 libraries to SUA applications.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a> Enterprise and Ultimate Editions also contain the Services for Unix components, now called the Subsystem for UNIX-based applications (SUA),<sup id="cite_ref-technet.microsoft.com_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-technet.microsoft.com-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Client for NFS v3. Users must download the utilities and SDK separately. However, the server components from the SFU product line (namely Server for NFS, User Name Mapping, Server for NIS, Password Synchronization etc.) are not included<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – these are included in Server editions of Windows (i.e. Windows Server 2008). </p><p>SUA was deprecated in Windows 8 Enterprise<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Windows Server 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and completely removed in Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NFS server is still supported in Windows Server 2012 R2.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MinasiGreene2013_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MinasiGreene2013-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The NFS client feature and server features are separate from the SUA in Windows 7 and 2008,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and remained supported until <a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a> replaced it. On desktop (Windows 7), NFS is only available in the Enterprise and Ultimate editions.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The free reference implementation of NFS 4.1 for Windows (by <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">UMICH CITI</a>), the development of which was sponsored by Microsoft,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> does work on lower-end versions of Windows 7, but requires more involved installation.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>, the NFS client gained krb5p (<a href="/wiki/Kerberos_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerberos 5">Kerberos 5</a> with full data encryption) support. In Windows 7, Kerberos 5 was supported for authentication, but only packet integrity checking was available for data. The maximum block/buffer size was also increased from 32 KB to 1 MB in Windows 8.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Windows Server 2012 added support for NFS 4.1 server.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new implementation is kernel-based (RPC/XDR-wise) but many optional features from NFS4 are not implemented, including ACLs, pNFS etc. There is however support in <a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a> for mapping user identities.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Services_for_UNIX&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cygwin" title="Cygwin">Cygwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UnxUtils" title="UnxUtils">UnxUtils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UWIN" title="UWIN">UWIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Services_for_UNIX&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Only works on "R1", not on R2</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Services_for_UNIX&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LiuPeltier2008-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LiuPeltier2008_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LiuPeltier2008_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDale_LiuJustin_Peltier2008" class="citation book cs1">Dale Liu; Justin Peltier (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RHZsOY-sTcEC&pg=PA181"><i>Next Generation SSH2 Implementation: Securing Data in Motion</i></a>. Syngress. pp. <span class="nowrap">181–</span>182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59749-283-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59749-283-6"><bdi>978-1-59749-283-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140930215554/http://books.google.com/books?id=RHZsOY-sTcEC&pg=PA181">Archived</a> from the original on September 30, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Next+Generation+SSH2+Implementation%3A+Securing+Data+in+Motion&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E181-%3C%2Fspan%3E182&rft.pub=Syngress&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-59749-283-6&rft.au=Dale+Liu&rft.au=Justin+Peltier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRHZsOY-sTcEC%26pg%3DPA181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110222101113/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/sept99/softwaypr.mspx">"Microsoft Acquires Softway Systems to Strengthen Future Customer Interoperability Solutions"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>. September 17, 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/sept99/softwaypr.mspx">the original</a> on February 22, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 28,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Acquires+Softway+Systems+to+Strengthen+Future+Customer+Interoperability+Solutions&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=1999-09-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fpresspass%2Fpress%2F1999%2Fsept99%2Fsoftwaypr.mspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-technet.microsoft.com-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-technet.microsoft.com_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-technet.microsoft.com_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2008-R2-and-2008/cc771470(v=ws.11)">"Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications Overview"</a>. Microsoft. November 17, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Subsystem+for+UNIX-based+Applications+Overview&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2009-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fprevious-versions%2Fwindows%2Fit-pro%2Fwindows-server-2008-R2-and-2008%2Fcc771470%28v%3Dws.11%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Download-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Download_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060414141021/http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=896c9688-601b-44f1-81a4-02878ff11778&DisplayLang=en">"Download details: Windows Services for UNIX Version 3.5"</a>. Microsoft. September 21, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=896c9688-601b-44f1-81a4-02878ff11778&DisplayLang=en">the original</a> on April 14, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Download+details%3A+Windows+Services+for+UNIX+Version+3.5&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2006-09-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fdownloads%2Fdetails.aspx%3FFamilyID%3D896c9688-601b-44f1-81a4-02878ff11778%26DisplayLang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Watch-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Watch_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMary_Jo_Foley2005" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jo_Foley" title="Mary Jo Foley">Mary Jo Foley</a> (September 1, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120905192052/http://www.microsoft-watch.com/article2/0,2180,1855248,00.asp">"It's the End of the Line for Microsoft's Services for Unix Product"</a>. <i>eWeek Microsoft Watch</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft-watch.com/article2/0,2180,1855248,00.asp">the original</a> on September 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eWeek+Microsoft+Watch&rft.atitle=It%27s+the+End+of+the+Line+for+Microsoft%27s+Services+for+Unix+Product&rft.date=2005-09-01&rft.au=Mary+Jo+Foley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft-watch.com%2Farticle2%2F0%2C2180%2C1855248%2C00.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCharlie_Russel2007" class="citation web cs1">Charlie Russel (December 5, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/tn-archive/bb463214(v=technet.10)">"Windows Services for UNIX 3.5 White Paper"</a>. Microsoft.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Windows+Services+for+UNIX+3.5+White+Paper&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2007-12-05&rft.au=Charlie+Russel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fprevious-versions%2Ftn-archive%2Fbb463214%28v%3Dtechnet.10%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/tn-archive/bb496994(v=technet.10)">"Chapter 1: Introduction to Windows Services for UNIX 3.5"</a>. <i>UNIX Custom Application Migration Guide, Volume 2: Migrate Using UNIX Services for Windows 3.5</i>. Microsoft. December 5, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNIX+Custom+Application+Migration+Guide%2C+Volume+2%3A+Migrate+Using+UNIX+Services+for+Windows+3.5&rft.atitle=Chapter+1%3A+Introduction+to+Windows+Services+for+UNIX+3.5&rft.date=2007-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fprevious-versions%2Ftn-archive%2Fbb496994%28v%3Dtechnet.10%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140102155326/http://debian-interix.net/">"Debian Interix Port"</a>. Debian-interix.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://debian-interix.net/">the original</a> on January 2, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Debian+Interix+Port&rft.pub=Debian-interix.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdebian-interix.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111128060021/http://support.microsoft.com/kb/920751">"You receive a "Cannot install on a 64 bit machine" error message when you try to install Windows Services for UNIX on a computer that is running a 64-bit operating system"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/920751">the original</a> on November 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=You+receive+a+%22Cannot+install+on+a+64+bit+machine%22+error+message+when+you+try+to+install+Windows+Services+for+UNIX+on+a+computer+that+is+running+a+64-bit+operating+system&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsupport.microsoft.com%2Fkb%2F920751&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MS-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MS_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050510025015/http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/R2/unixcomponents/default.mspx">"Microsoft Windows Server 2003 R2 UNIX Interoperability Components"</a>. Microsoft. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver2003/R2/unixcomponents/default.mspx">the original</a> on May 10, 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Windows+Server+2003+R2+UNIX+Interoperability+Components&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fwindowsserver2003%2FR2%2Funixcomponents%2Fdefault.mspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110504182859/http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/Bulletin/MS07-053.mspx">"Microsoft Security Bulletin MS07-053 - Important : Vulnerability in Windows Services for UNIX Could Allow Elevation of Privilege (939778)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/ms07-053.mspx">the original</a> on May 4, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft&rft.atitle=Microsoft+Security+Bulletin+MS07-053+-+Important+%3A+Vulnerability+in+Windows+Services+for+UNIX+Could+Allow+Elevation+of+Privilege+%28939778%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Ftechnet%2Fsecurity%2Fbulletin%2Fms07-053.mspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.microsoft.com/download/3/C/4/3C4C7C9C-AAA0-4BD4-9C14-5BA29BDD7D4C/sua.pdf">"Open Source at Microsoft. Subsystem for UNIX-Based Applications: Providing More Choices"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120226060146/http://download.microsoft.com/download/3/C/4/3C4C7C9C-AAA0-4BD4-9C14-5BA29BDD7D4C/sua.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on February 26, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Open+Source+at+Microsoft.+Subsystem+for+UNIX-Based+Applications%3A+Providing+More+Choices&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdownload.microsoft.com%2Fdownload%2F3%2FC%2F4%2F3C4C7C9C-AAA0-4BD4-9C14-5BA29BDD7D4C%2Fsua.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAshish2007" class="citation web cs1">Ashish (May 1, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100308114305/http://blogs.msdn.com/sfu/archive/2007/05/01/unix-interoperability-and-windows-vista.aspx">"UNIX Interoperability and Windows Vista"</a>. <i>Services for UNIX - Interoperability Blog, MSDN Blogs</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2011</span>. <q>SUA is deprecated starting with [the Windows 8 M3 Developer Preview] release and will be completely removed from the next release.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SUA+Deprecated+in+Windows+8&rft.date=2011-09-15&rft.aulast=Reiter&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbrianreiter.org%2F2011%2F09%2F15%2Fsua-deprecated-in-windows-8%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2012-R2-and-2012/hh831568(v=ws.11)">"Features Removed or Deprecated in Windows Server 2012"</a>. August 31, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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August 31, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Network+File+System+Overview&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft.date=2016-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fprevious-versions%2Fwindows%2Fit-pro%2Fwindows-server-2012-R2-and-2012%2Fjj592688%28v%3Dws.11%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MinasiGreene2013-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MinasiGreene2013_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMinasiGreeneBoothButler2013" class="citation book cs1">Minasi, Mark; Greene, Kevin; Booth, Christian; Butler, Robert; McCabe, John; Panek, Robert; Rice, Michael; Roth, Stefan (2013). <i>Mastering Windows Server 2012 R2</i>. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 565 and 636. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-118-33394-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-118-33394-5"><bdi>978-1-118-33394-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mastering+Windows+Server+2012+R2&rft.pages=565+and+636&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-118-33394-5&rft.aulast=Minasi&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Greene%2C+Kevin&rft.au=Booth%2C+Christian&rft.au=Butler%2C+Robert&rft.au=McCabe%2C+John&rft.au=Panek%2C+Robert&rft.au=Rice%2C+Michael&rft.au=Roth%2C+Stefan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/running-sap-applications-on-the/installation-configuration-of-windows-nfs-client-to-enable/ba-p/367084">"Installation & Configuration of Windows NFS Client to enable Windows to Mount a UNIX File System"</a>. <i>Running SAP Applications on SQL Server blog</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=drink+the+sweet+feeling+of+the+colour+zero&rft.atitle=NFS+Client+in+Windows+7+Pro&rft.date=2012-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trevorpott.com%2Fnfs-client-in-windows-7-pro%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140110164101/http://blogs.msdn.com/b/sfu/archive/2012/08/01/client-for-nfs-in-windows-8.aspx">"Client for NFS in Windows 8"</a>. <i>Services for UNIX - Interoperability blog</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 10,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Services+for+UNIX+-+Interoperability+blog&rft.atitle=Client+for+NFS+in+Windows+8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.com%2Fb%2Fsfu%2Farchive%2F2012%2F08%2F01%2Fclient-for-nfs-in-windows-8.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/storage-at-microsoft/server-for-nfs-in-windows-server-2012/ba-p/424486">"Server for NFS in Windows Server 2012"</a>. <i>The Storage Team at Microsoft - File Cabinet Blog</i>. September 14, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Storage+Team+at+Microsoft+-+File+Cabinet+Blog&rft.atitle=Server+for+NFS+in+Windows+Server+2012&rft.date=2012-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftechcommunity.microsoft.com%2Ft5%2Fstorage-at-microsoft%2Fserver-for-nfs-in-windows-server-2012%2Fba-p%2F424486&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/05/01/microsoft_nfs/">"Microsoft storage boffins serve up smoking 2012 NFS server • the Register"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180617220110/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2012/05/01/microsoft_nfs/">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=Microsoft+storage+boffins+serve+up+smoking+2012+NFS+server+%E2%80%A2+the+Register&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.co.uk%2F2012%2F05%2F01%2Fmicrosoft_nfs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.snia.org/sites/default/orig/SDC2012/presentations/NFS/RoopishBattepati_NFSv4-1v4_1.pdf">"NFSv4.1 Architecture and Tradeoffs in Windows Server 2012"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190316100045/https://www.snia.org/sites/default/orig/SDC2012/presentations/NFS/RoopishBattepati_NFSv4-1v4_1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on March 16, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NFSv4.1+Architecture+and+Tradeoffs+in+Windows+Server+2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.snia.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Forig%2FSDC2012%2Fpresentations%2FNFS%2FRoopishBattepati_NFSv4-1v4_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWindows+Services+for+UNIX" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Windows_Services_for_UNIX&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb496506.aspx">Microsoft TechNet: Windows Services for UNIX</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/sfu/default.aspx">Services for UNIX: Blog</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113145610/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=274">Download: Windows Services for UNIX 3.5</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived January 13, 2016)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323090003/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=2391">Download: Utilities and SDK for Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications in Microsoft Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived March 23, 2014)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_Windows_application_programming_interfaces_and_frameworks" title="List of Microsoft Windows application programming interfaces and frameworks">APIs</a></li> <li>Architecture <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Windows_9x" title="Architecture of Windows 9x">9x</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Windows_NT" title="Architecture of Windows NT">NT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booting_process_of_Windows" title="Booting process of Windows">Booting process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_games_included_with_Windows" title="List of games included with Windows">Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Management<br />tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/App_Installer" title="App Installer">App Installer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cmd.exe" title="Cmd.exe">Command Prompt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Control_Panel_(Windows)" title="Control Panel (Windows)">Control Panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Device_Manager" title="Device Manager">Device Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectX_Diagnostic_Tool" title="DirectX Diagnostic Tool">DirectX Diagnostic Tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_Cleanup" title="Disk Cleanup">Disk Cleanup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Drive_Optimizer" title="Microsoft Drive Optimizer">Drive Optimizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driver_Verifier" title="Driver Verifier">Driver Verifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_Viewer" title="Event Viewer">Event Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IExpress" title="IExpress">IExpress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Management_Console" title="Microsoft Management Console">Management Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netsh" title="Netsh">Netsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Performance_Monitor" title="Performance Monitor">Performance Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recovery_Console" title="Recovery Console">Recovery Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Monitor" title="Resource Monitor">Resource Monitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settings_(Windows)" title="Settings (Windows)">Settings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sysprep" title="Sysprep">Sysprep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSConfig" title="MSConfig">System Configuration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_File_Checker" title="System File Checker">System File Checker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Information_(Windows)" title="System Information (Windows)">System Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Policy_Editor" title="System Policy Editor">System Policy Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Restore" title="System Restore">System Restore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_Manager_(Windows)" title="Task Manager (Windows)">Task Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Error_Reporting" title="Windows Error Reporting">Windows Error Reporting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Ink" title="Windows Ink">Windows Ink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Installer" title="Windows Installer">Windows Installer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Update" title="Windows Update">Windows Update</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Insider" title="Windows Insider">Windows Insider</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Preinstallation_Environment#Windows_Recovery_Environment" title="Windows Preinstallation Environment">WinRE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Management_Instrumentation" title="Windows Management Instrumentation">WMI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">Apps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_3D_Viewer" title="Microsoft 3D Viewer">3D Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Calculator" title="Windows Calculator">Calculator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_(Windows)" title="Calendar (Windows)">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Camera" title="Windows Camera">Camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_Map_(Windows)" title="Character Map (Windows)">Character Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Art_Search" title="City Art Search">City Art Search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Clock" title="Windows Clock">Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Copilot" title="Microsoft Copilot">Copilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge" title="Microsoft Edge">Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Fax_and_Scan" title="Windows Fax and Scan">Fax and Scan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedback_Hub" title="Feedback Hub">Feedback Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Help" title="Get Help">Get Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnifier_(Windows)" title="Magnifier (Windows)">Magnifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_(Windows)" title="Mail (Windows)">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Maps" title="Windows Maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player" title="Windows Media Player">Media Player</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player_(2022)" title="Windows Media Player (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mesh" title="Microsoft Mesh">Mesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Messaging" title="Microsoft Messaging">Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobility_Center" title="Windows Mobility Center">Mobility Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN#Money" title="MSN">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Movies_%26_TV" title="Microsoft Movies & TV">Movies & TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrator_(Windows)" title="Narrator (Windows)">Narrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Notepad" title="Windows Notepad">Notepad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OneDrive" title="OneDrive">OneDrive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_OneNote" title="Microsoft OneNote">OneNote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Paint" title="Microsoft Paint">Paint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_PC_Manager" title="Microsoft PC Manager">PC Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_(Windows)" title="People (Windows)">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phone_Link" title="Phone Link">Phone Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photos_(Windows)" title="Photos (Windows)">Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quick_Assist" title="Quick Assist">Quick Assist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Connection" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote Desktop Connection">Remote Desktop Connection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snipping_Tool" title="Snipping Tool">Snipping Tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Speech_Recognition" title="Windows Speech Recognition">Speech Recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN#Sports" title="MSN">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Start" title="Microsoft Start">Start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sticky_Notes" title="Sticky Notes">Sticky Notes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Terminal" title="Windows Terminal">Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Tips" title="Microsoft Tips">Tips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_Recorder_(Windows)" title="Sound Recorder (Windows)">Voice Recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN#Weather" title="MSN">Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Whiteboard" title="Microsoft Whiteboard">Whiteboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_(app)" title="Xbox (app)">Xbox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_shell" title="Windows shell">Shell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Action_Center" title="Action Center">Action Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Aero" title="Windows Aero">Aero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoPlay" title="AutoPlay">AutoPlay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoRun" title="AutoRun">AutoRun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ClearType" title="ClearType">ClearType</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Explorer" title="File Explorer">Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Search" title="Windows Search">Search</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IFilter" title="IFilter">IFilter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indexing_Service" title="Indexing Service">Indexing Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Shell_namespace" title="Windows Shell namespace">Namespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_folder#Windows" title="Virtual folder">Saved search</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_folder" title="Special folder">Special folder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Start_menu" title="Start menu">Start menu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Task_View" title="Task View">Task View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taskbar" title="Taskbar">Taskbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Spotlight" title="Windows Spotlight">Windows Spotlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_XP_visual_styles" title="Windows XP visual styles">Windows XP visual styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Windows_service" title="Windows service">Services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Background_Intelligent_Transfer_Service" title="Background Intelligent Transfer Service">BITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Log_File_System" title="Common Log File System">CLFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Error_Reporting" title="Windows Error Reporting">Error Reporting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_Class_Scheduler_Service" title="Multimedia Class Scheduler Service">Multimedia Class Scheduler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_Control_Manager" title="Service Control Manager">Service Control Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Task_Scheduler" title="Windows Task Scheduler">Task Scheduler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_Zero_Configuration" title="Wireless Zero Configuration">Wireless Zero Configuration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">File systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">CDFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_File_System_(Microsoft)" title="Distributed File System (Microsoft)">DFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExFAT" title="ExFAT">exFAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">FAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Installable_File_System" title="Installable File System">IFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS" title="NTFS">NTFS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encrypting_File_System" title="Encrypting File System">EFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_link" title="Hard link">Hard link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS_links" title="NTFS links">links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS_volume_mount_point" title="NTFS volume mount point">Mount Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTFS_reparse_point" title="NTFS reparse point">Reparse point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transactional_NTFS" title="Transactional NTFS">TxF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ReFS" title="ReFS">ReFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Disk_Format" title="Universal Disk Format">UDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Server</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Directory" title="Active Directory">Active Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Directory_Rights_Management_Services" title="Active Directory Rights Management Services">Active DRM Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Replication_Service" title="File Replication Service">DFS Replication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Distributed_Transaction_Coordinator" title="Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator">Distributed Transaction Coordinator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_DNS" title="Microsoft DNS">DNS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_domain" title="Windows domain">Domains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folder_redirection" title="Folder redirection">Folder redirection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_Policy" title="Group Policy">Group Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyper-V" title="Hyper-V">Hyper-V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Information_Services" title="Internet Information Services">IIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Message_Queuing" title="Microsoft Message Queuing">MSMQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_Access_Protection" title="Network Access Protection">Network Access Protection</a></li> <li>Print Services for UNIX</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Personal_Web_Server" title="Microsoft Personal Web Server">PWS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Desktop_Services" title="Remote Desktop Services">Remote Desktop Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Differential_Compression" title="Remote Differential Compression">Remote Differential Compression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Installation_Services" title="Remote Installation Services">Remote Installation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaming_user_profile" title="Roaming user profile">Roaming user profiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_Core" title="Server Core">Server Core</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SharePoint" title="SharePoint">SharePoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_System_Resource_Manager" title="Windows System Resource Manager">System Resource Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Deployment_Services" title="Windows Deployment Services">Windows Deployment Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Services" title="Windows Media Services">Windows Media Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_Update_Services" title="Windows Server Update Services">WSUS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_architecture" title="Software architecture">Architecture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Boot_Manager" title="Windows Boot Manager">Boot Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Console" title="Windows Console">Console</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Client/Server_Runtime_Subsystem" title="Client/Server Runtime Subsystem">CSRSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_Window_Manager" title="Desktop Window Manager">Desktop Window Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Write_Filter" title="Enhanced Write Filter">Enhanced Write Filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphics_Device_Interface" title="Graphics Device Interface">Graphics Device Interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_library_files#Hardware_Abstraction_Layer" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Hardware Abstraction Layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I/O_request_packet" title="I/O request packet">I/O request packet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Imaging_Format" title="Windows Imaging Format">Imaging Format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernel_Transaction_Manager" title="Kernel Transaction Manager">Kernel Transaction Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_library_files" title="Microsoft Windows library files">Library files</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logical_Disk_Manager" title="Logical Disk Manager">Logical Disk Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Security_Authority_Subsystem_Service" title="Local Security Authority Subsystem Service">LSASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MinWin" title="MinWin">MinWin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTLDR" title="NTLDR">NTLDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ntoskrnl.exe" title="Ntoskrnl.exe">Ntoskrnl.exe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Manager" title="Object Manager">Object Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_XML_Paper_Specification" title="Open XML Paper Specification">Open XML Paper Specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_Executable" title="Portable Executable">Portable Executable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic-link_library" title="Dynamic-link library">DLL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.exe" title=".exe">EXE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Registry" title="Windows Registry">Registry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Resource_Protection" title="Windows Resource Protection">Resource Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Account_Manager" title="Security Account Manager">Security Account Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Server_Message_Block" title="Server Message Block">Server Message Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Copy" title="Shadow Copy">Shadow Copy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_Manager_Subsystem" title="Session Manager Subsystem">SMSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_Idle_Process" title="System Idle Process">System Idle Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_USER" title="Windows USER">USER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Hardware_Error_Architecture" title="Windows Hardware Error Architecture">WHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winlogon" title="Winlogon">Winlogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Security_and_Maintenance" title="Security and Maintenance">Security and Maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppLocker" title="AppLocker">AppLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitLocker" title="BitLocker">BitLocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credential_Guard" title="Credential Guard">Credential Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_Execution_Prevention" class="mw-redirect" title="Data Execution Prevention">Data Execution Prevention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Defender_Antivirus" title="Microsoft Defender Antivirus">Defender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_family_features" title="Microsoft family features">Family features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kernel_Patch_Protection" title="Kernel Patch Protection">Kernel Patch Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Integrity_Control" title="Mandatory Integrity Control">Mandatory Integrity Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_Media_Path" title="Protected Media Path">Protected Media Path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_Account_Control" title="User Account Control">User Account Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/User_Interface_Privilege_Isolation" title="User Interface Privilege Isolation">User Interface Privilege Isolation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Firewall" title="Windows Firewall">Windows Firewall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compatibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COMMAND.COM" title="COMMAND.COM">COMMAND.COM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WoW64" title="WoW64">WoW64</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Scripting" title="Active Scripting">Active Scripting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">WSH</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">COM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX_Document" title="ActiveX Document">ActiveX Document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COM_Structured_Storage" title="COM Structured Storage">COM Structured storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_Component_Object_Model" title="Distributed Component Object Model">DCOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Linking_and_Embedding" title="Object Linking and Embedding">OLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLE_Automation" title="OLE Automation">OLE Automation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Transaction_Server" title="Microsoft Transaction Server">Transaction Server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Native_API" title="Windows Native API">Native</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform" title="Universal Windows Platform">Universal Windows Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_API" title="Windows API">WinAPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mixed_Reality" title="Windows Mixed Reality">Windows Mixed Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Runtime" title="Windows Runtime">Windows Runtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Solitaire_Collection" title="Microsoft Solitaire Collection">Solitaire Collection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surf_(video_game)" title="Surf (video game)">Surf</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Full_Tilt!_Pinball#3D_Pinball_for_Windows_–_Space_Cadet" title="Full Tilt! Pinball">3D Pinball</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chess_Titans" title="Chess Titans">Chess Titans</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_FreeCell" title="Microsoft FreeCell">FreeCell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Hearts" title="Microsoft Hearts">Hearts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Windows_Ultimate_Extras" title="Windows Ultimate Extras">Hold 'Em</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InkBall" title="InkBall">InkBall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purble_Place" title="Purble Place">Purble Place</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Solitaire">Solitaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Spider_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Spider Solitaire">Spider Solitaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Tinker" title="Microsoft Tinker">Tinker</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActiveMovie" title="ActiveMovie">ActiveMovie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Address_Book" title="Windows Address Book">Address Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Anytime_Upgrade" title="Windows Anytime Upgrade">Anytime Upgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backup_and_Restore" title="Backup and Restore">Backup and Restore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardfile" title="Cardfile">Cardfile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_CardSpace" title="Windows CardSpace">CardSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD_Player_(Windows)" title="CD Player (Windows)">CD Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Chat" title="Windows Chat">Chat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Contacts" title="Windows Contacts">Contacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortana_(virtual_assistant)" title="Cortana (virtual assistant)">Cortana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Desktop_Gadgets" title="Windows Desktop Gadgets">Desktop Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Diagnostics" title="Microsoft Diagnostics">Diagnostics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DriveSpace" title="DriveSpace">DriveSpace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_DVD_Maker" title="Windows DVD Maker">DVD Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Easy_Transfer" title="Windows Easy Transfer">Easy Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Edge_Legacy" title="Microsoft Edge Legacy">Edge Legacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Fax" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Food_%26_Drink" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Food & Drink">Food & Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_Music" title="Groove Music">Groove Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Health_%26_Fitness" class="mw-redirect" title="MSN Health & Fitness">Health & Fitness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help_and_Support_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Help and Support Center">Help and Support Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HyperACCESS" title="HyperACCESS">HyperTerminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imaging_for_Windows" title="Imaging for Windows">Imaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Journal" title="Windows Journal">Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Make_Compatible" title="Make Compatible">Make Compatible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Center" title="Windows Media Center">Media Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Meeting_Space" title="Windows Meeting Space">Meeting Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Messaging" title="Windows Messaging">Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Messenger" title="Windows Messenger">Messenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobile_Device_Center" title="Windows Mobile Device Center">Mobile Device Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Movie_Maker" title="Windows Movie Maker">Movie Maker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Dial-up" title="MSN Dial-up">MSN Dial-up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_NetMeeting" title="Microsoft NetMeeting">NetMeeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTBackup" title="NTBackup">NTBackup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook_Express" title="Outlook Express">Outlook Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint_3D" title="Paint 3D">Paint 3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Pay" title="Microsoft Pay">Pay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phone_Companion" title="Phone Companion">Phone Companion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Photo_Gallery" title="Windows Photo Gallery">Photo Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Photo_Viewer" title="Windows Photo Viewer">Photo Viewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Program_Manager" title="Program Manager">Program Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Problem_Steps_Recorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Problem Steps Recorder">Steps Recorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syskey" title="Syskey">Syskey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_(Windows)" class="mw-redirect" title="Travel (Windows)">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinHelp" title="WinHelp">WinHelp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WordPad" title="WordPad">WordPad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Write" title="Microsoft Write">Write</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_Cleanup_Wizard" title="Desktop Cleanup Wizard">Desktop Cleanup Wizard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_File_Protection" title="Windows File Protection">File Protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Games_for_Windows" title="Games for Windows">Games for Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Performance_File_System" title="High Performance File System">HPFS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interix" title="Interix">Interix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Control_Interface" title="Media Control Interface">Media Control Interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS_7" title="MS-DOS 7">MS-DOS 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-Generation_Secure_Computing_Base" title="Next-Generation Secure Computing Base">Next-Generation Secure Computing Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_POSIX_subsystem" title="Microsoft POSIX subsystem">POSIX subsystem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_ScanDisk" title="Microsoft ScanDisk">ScanDisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_for_Windows" title="Video for Windows">Video for Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_DOS_machine" title="Virtual DOS machine">Virtual DOS machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_on_Windows" title="Windows on Windows">Windows on Windows</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Windows Services for UNIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_SideShow" title="Windows SideShow">Windows SideShow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_System_Assessment_Tool" title="Windows System Assessment Tool">Windows System Assessment Tool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_To_Go" title="Windows To Go">Windows To Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinFS" title="WinFS">WinFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spun off to<br /><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Microsoft Store</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DVD_Player_(Windows)" title="DVD Player (Windows)">DVD Player</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_File_Manager" title="Windows File Manager">File Manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hover!" title="Hover!">Hover!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mahjong" title="Microsoft Mahjong">Mahjong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Minesweeper" title="Microsoft Minesweeper">Minesweeper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Windows_components" title="Category:Windows components">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_Windows_components" title="List of Microsoft Windows components">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unix–Windows_interoperability287" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unix%E2%80%93Windows_interoperability" title="Template:Unix–Windows interoperability"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unix%E2%80%93Windows_interoperability" title="Template talk:Unix–Windows interoperability"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unix%E2%80%93Windows_interoperability" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unix–Windows interoperability"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unix–Windows_interoperability287" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unix" title="Unix">Unix</a>–<a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> interoperability</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> subsystems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cygwin" title="Cygwin">Cygwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_POSIX_subsystem" title="Microsoft POSIX subsystem">Microsoft POSIX subsystem</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Windows Services for UNIX</a> (<a href="/wiki/Interix" title="Interix">Interix</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux#WSL_1" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL 1)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development environments and shells</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DJGPP" title="DJGPP">DJGPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_C_shell" title="Hamilton C shell">Hamilton C shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MinGW" title="MinGW">MinGW</a> (<a href="/wiki/MSYS" class="mw-redirect" title="MSYS">MSYS</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingw-w64" title="Mingw-w64">Mingw-w64</a> (<a href="/wiki/MSYS2" class="mw-redirect" title="MSYS2">MSYS2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MKS_Toolkit" title="MKS Toolkit">MKS Toolkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UWIN" title="UWIN">UWIN</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ports of Unix-like utilities for Windows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GnuWin32" title="GnuWin32">GnuWin32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UnxUtils" title="UnxUtils">UnxUtils</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Windows runtime environments for <a href="/wiki/*nix" class="mw-redirect" title="*nix">*nix</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wabi_(software)" title="Wabi (software)">Wabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willows_Toolkit_for_UNIX" class="mw-redirect" title="Willows Toolkit for UNIX">Willows Toolkit for UNIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_(software)" title="Wine (software)">Wine</a> (<a href="/wiki/WINE@Etersoft" title="WINE@Etersoft">WINE@Etersoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cedega_(software)" title="Cedega (software)">Cedega</a>, <a href="/wiki/CrossOver_(software)" title="CrossOver (software)">CrossOver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Darwine" class="mw-redirect" title="Darwine">Darwine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proton_(software)" title="Proton (software)">Proton</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_platform_virtualization_software" title="Comparison of platform virtualization software">Platform virtualization software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Linux" title="Cooperative Linux">Cooperative Linux</a> (<a href="/wiki/TopologiLinux" title="TopologiLinux">TopologiLinux</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merge_(software)" title="Merge (software)">Merge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux#WSL_2" title="Windows Subsystem for Linux">Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL 2)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list 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