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Treść dostępna w 38 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma-binding" title="Sigma-binding – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sigma-binding" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%85%D8%A7" title="رابطة سيغما – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رابطة سيغما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_veza" title="Sigma veza – bośniacki" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sigma veza" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bośniacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlla%C3%A7_sigma" title="Enllaç sigma – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Enllaç sigma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vazba_sigma" title="Vazba sigma – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vazba sigma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma-binding" title="Sigma-binding – duński" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sigma-binding" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="duński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3-Bindung" title="Σ-Bindung – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Σ-Bindung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B5%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_%CF%83" title="Δεσμός σ – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δεσμός σ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_bond" title="Sigma bond – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sigma bond" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlace_%CF%83" title="Enlace σ – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enlace σ" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%85%D8%A7" title="پیوند سیگما – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیوند سیگما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaison_%CF%83" title="Liaison σ – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liaison σ" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EA%B7%B8%EB%A7%88_%EA%B2%B0%ED%95%A9" title="시그마 결합 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시그마 결합" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7" title="सिग्मा आबन्ध – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सिग्मा आबन्ध" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikatan_sigma" title="Ikatan sigma – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ikatan sigma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legame_%CF%83" title="Legame σ – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Legame σ" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%90" title="קשר סיגמא – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קשר סיגמא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szigma-k%C3%B6t%C3%A9s" title="Szigma-kötés – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szigma-kötés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Сигма-врска – macedoński" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сигма-врска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE-%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="സിഗ്മ-ബന്ധനം – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സിഗ്മ-ബന്ധനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikatan_sigma" title="Ikatan sigma – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ikatan sigma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Сигма холбоос – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сигма холбоос" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma-binding" title="Sigma-binding – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sigma-binding" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%E7%B5%90%E5%90%88" title="Σ結合 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Σ結合" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma-binding" title="Sigma-binding – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sigma-binding" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_sigma" title="Ligação sigma – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ligação sigma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leg%C4%83tur%C4%83_sigma" title="Legătură sigma – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Legătură sigma" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Сигма-связь – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сигма-связь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_bond" title="Sigma bond – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sigma bond" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_v%C3%A4zba" title="Sigma väzba – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sigma väzba" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vez_sigma" title="Vez sigma – słoweński" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Vez sigma" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="słoweński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Сигма веза – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сигма веза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigma_veza" title="Sigma veza – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sigma veza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmasidos" title="Sigmasidos – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sigmasidos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0-%D0%B7%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Сигма-зв'язок – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сигма-зв'язок" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li%C3%AAn_k%E1%BA%BFt_Sigma" title="Liên kết Sigma – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Liên kết Sigma" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%E9%94%AE" title="Σ键 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Σ键" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%E9%8D%B5" title="Σ鍵 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Σ鍵" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><p><b>Wiązanie σ</b> – <a href="/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_chemiczne" title="Wiązanie chemiczne">wiązanie chemiczne</a> powstające przez czołowe nakładania się dwóch <a href="/wiki/Orbital" title="Orbital">orbitali atomowych</a>, w wyniku czego powstają dwa nowe orbitale: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbital_wi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%85cy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbital wiążący (strona nie istnieje)">wiążący</a> i <a href="/wiki/Orbital_antywi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%85cy" title="Orbital antywiążący">antywiążący</a>. Kształt wiązania σ wyznacza <a href="/wiki/Orbital_molekularny" title="Orbital molekularny">orbital molekularny</a> σ. Przy opisie wiązania σ w indeksie dolnym lub po spacji podaje się, jakie orbitale tworzą dane wiązanie, np.: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma _{sp-sp},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma _{sp-sp},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3ccecc2883a5d6cc24edeb594df869fc8de4d642" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:6.681ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma _{sp-sp},}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma _{sp^{2}-sp},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> <msup> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma _{sp^{2}-sp},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b087dbb24511bfae884bfa105abe1d95ca237f3e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:7.513ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma _{sp^{2}-sp},}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma _{sp^{3}-s},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> <msup> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>−</mo> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma _{sp^{3}-s},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7e63f15e23bb4c1d6eb6b9d91d7e401b76dcdd60" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:6.686ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma _{sp^{3}-s},}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma _{p-p}^{*},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mi>σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma _{p-p}^{*},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/be68a06141d82e762453f1a2133c746494118420" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.171ex; width:5.139ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma _{p-p}^{*},}"></span> <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma _{s-s},}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>s</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma _{s-s},}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/330939518af9f156b48307af59186a4f67daa542" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:5.027ex; height:2.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma _{s-s},}"></span> gdzie <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle ^{*}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi></mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>∗</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle ^{*}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/5156ec8960b3bb95881ad7179c891c47fdfa8b9d" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.171ex; width:1.054ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle ^{*}}"></span> oznacza <a href="/wiki/Orbital_antywi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%85cy" title="Orbital antywiążący">orbital antywiążący</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/Plik:OrbitalSigma-pp.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/OrbitalSigma-pp.png" decoding="async" width="590" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="120" /></a><figcaption>Schemat powstawania orbitalu wiążącego <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sigma _{p-p}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mi>σ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>p</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sigma _{p-p}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/92d727930ad2bd495adf001ee5ddd701f6bb25fb" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:4.492ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sigma _{p-p}}"></span></figcaption></figure> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74983602">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid 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.navbox>.caption>.image{display:none}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Wi%C4%85zania_chemiczne" title="Szablon:Wiązania chemiczne"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Wi%C4%85zania_chemiczne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Wiązania chemiczne (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Wi%C4%85zania_chemiczne&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption"><a href="/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_chemiczne" title="Wiązanie chemiczne">Wiązania chemiczne</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_kowalencyjne" title="Wiązanie kowalencyjne">Wiązania kowalencyjne</a><br />(wewnątrzcząsteczkowe)</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">sigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_pi" title="Wiązanie pi">pi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_delta" title="Wiązanie delta">delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_phi" title="Wiązanie phi">phi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_podw%C3%B3jne" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiązanie podwójne">podwójne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_potr%C3%B3jne" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiązanie potrójne">potrójne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_wielokrotne" title="Wiązanie wielokrotne">wielokrotne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprz%C4%99%C5%BCone_wi%C4%85zania_wielokrotne" title="Sprzężone wiązania wielokrotne">sprzężone wielokrotne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hiperkoniugacja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hiperkoniugacja (strona nie istnieje)">hiperkoniugacja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_koordynacyjne" title="Wiązanie koordynacyjne">koordynacyjne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaloceny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metaloceny (strona nie istnieje)">sandwiczowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rezonans_chemiczny" title="Rezonans chemiczny">zdelokalizowane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wi%C4%85zanie_zwrotne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiązanie zwrotne (strona nie istnieje)">zwrotne</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a2"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wi%C4%85zanie_niekowalencyjne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiązanie niekowalencyjne (strona nie istnieje)">Wiązania niekowalencyjne</a> silne</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_jonowe" title="Wiązanie jonowe">jonowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_metaliczne" title="Wiązanie metaliczne">metaliczne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_wodorowe" title="Wiązanie wodorowe">wodorowe</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a3"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row">Wiązania niekowalencyjne słabe<br />(międzycząsteczkowe)</th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interkalacja_(chemia)" title="Interkalacja (chemia)">interkalacja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wi%C4%85zanie_diwodorowe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiązanie diwodorowe (strona nie istnieje)">diwodorowe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wi%C4%85zanie_halogenowe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wiązanie halogenowe (strona nie istnieje)">halogenowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Si%C5%82y_Londona" title="Siły Londona">siły Londona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oddzia%C5%82ywania_mi%C4%99dzycz%C4%85steczkowe" title="Oddziaływania międzycząsteczkowe">siły van der Waalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solwatacja" title="Solwatacja">solwatacja</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="a4"><th class="navbox-group opis" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_molekularny" title="Orbital molekularny">Orbitale molekularne</a></th><td class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-even"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbital_wi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%85cy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbital wiążący (strona nie istnieje)">wiążący</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbital_niewi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%85cy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbital niewiążący (strona nie istnieje)">niewiążący</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_antywi%C4%85%C5%BC%C4%85cy" title="Orbital antywiążący">antywiążący</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Wi%C4%85zanie_kowalencyjne" title="Wiązanie kowalencyjne">wiązanie kowalencyjne</a></span>):</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_Britannica" title="Encyklopedia Britannica">Britannica</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/sigma-bond">science/sigma-bond</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSDE</a>: <span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8313&url_prefix=https://lex.dk/&id=sigma-binding">sigma-binding</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wiązanie_sigma&oldid=69930364">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wiązanie_sigma&oldid=69930364</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategorie</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wi%C4%85zania_chemiczne" title="Kategoria:Wiązania chemiczne">Wiązania chemiczne</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Chemia_kwantowa" title="Kategoria:Chemia kwantowa">Chemia kwantowa</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 23 mar 2023, 18:26.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. 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