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胡风反革命集团案 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-背景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#背景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>背景</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-背景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文艺争论期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文艺争论期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>文艺争论期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文艺争论期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-高层介入" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#高层介入"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>高层介入</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-高层介入-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关高层介入子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-高层介入-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-胡风反革命专案组" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#胡风反革命专案组"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>胡风反革命专案组</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-胡风反革命专案组-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-定罪及受牵连人物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#定罪及受牵连人物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>定罪及受牵连人物</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-定罪及受牵连人物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-判刑之后" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#判刑之后"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>判刑之后</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-判刑之后-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-三次平反" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#三次平反"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>三次平反</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-三次平反-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史遗留及影响" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史遗留及影响"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>历史遗留及影响</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-历史遗留及影响-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相关影视作品" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相关影视作品"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>相关影视作品</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相关影视作品-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科,自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><p><b>胡风反革命集团案</b>是1950年代在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆">中国大陆</a>发生的一场从文艺争论到政治审判的事件,因主要人物<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E" title="胡风">胡风</a>而得名。在民间和学界被广泛视为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="中华人民共和国">中华人民共和国</a>成立後发生的一场大规模<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E7%8D%84" title="文字獄">文字獄</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由于胡风的文艺理论被部分文艺界人士认为偏离<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C" title="毛泽东">毛泽东</a>红色文艺理论,胡风及其支持者与<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%89%AC_(%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85)" class="mw-redirect" title="周扬 (学者)">周扬</a>等人的文艺争论被升级为政治批判。随着事件的发展,中共高层介入文艺争论并给予胡风“反革命”的政治定性,胡风等人也因此遭到审判<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。政治定性后的整个批判运动波及甚广<sup id="cite_ref-夏永安_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-夏永安-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,共清查了2100多人,逮捕92人,隔离62人,停职反省73人,到1956年,共正式认定78人为“胡风分子”,其中骨干23人<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>该事件是中华人民共和国建国后一场文艺界的大规模政治整肃和清洗运动,与1955年中国大陆展开的“<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%85%E6%B8%85%E6%9A%97%E8%97%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="肅清暗藏的反革命分子運動">肃反运动</a>”联系紧密<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%A8%E4%B9%B1%E5%8F%8D%E6%AD%A3" title="拨乱反正">拨乱反正</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E5%BC%80%E6%94%BE" title="改革开放">改革开放</a>后,经过胡风本人的申诉,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="中共中央">中共中央</a>在1980年代认定“胡风反革命集团”案为错案<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,并于1988年6月18日<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%8E%85" title="中共中央办公厅">中国共产党中央委员会办公厅</a>发出(1988)16号文件,胡风案得到官方彻底平反。<sup id="cite_ref-周正章_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-周正章-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="背景"><span id=".E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF"></span>背景</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:背景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85099211">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E" title="胡风">胡风</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hu_Feng_in_1950.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Hu_Feng_in_1950.JPG/220px-Hu_Feng_in_1950.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Hu_Feng_in_1950.JPG/330px-Hu_Feng_in_1950.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Hu_Feng_in_1950.JPG/440px-Hu_Feng_in_1950.JPG 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>1950年代的胡风以及1955年<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%89%E9%83%A8" title="中华人民共和国公安部">中华人民共和国公安部</a>对其的<a href="/wiki/%E9%80%AE%E6%8D%95%E8%AF%81" title="逮捕证">逮捕证</a></figcaption></figure> <p>胡风是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD_(%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F)" class="mw-redirect" title="中华民国 (大陆时期)">民國时期</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="文艺理论">文艺理论</a>家和<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E8%AF%84%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="批评家">批评家</a>,和<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E8%BF%85" title="鲁迅">鲁迅</a>的关系密切,并受鲁迅思想的影响<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,较之强调阶级性、反对个性的毛泽东文艺路线<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,鲁迅和胡风的主张更讲求人性、人道和个性<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。所以虽然胡风在政治上拥护中共、在文艺理论方面对<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E4%BD%9C%E4%BA%BA" title="周作人">周作人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E8%AF%AD%E5%A0%82" title="林语堂">林语堂</a>脱离现实的「兴趣主义」和「性灵主义」不满,但也对<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%B7%A6%E7%BF%BC%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F" title="中国左翼作家联盟">左联</a>内部当时从<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>引进的所谓「辩证唯物主义创作方法」以及其后在「左联」作家队伍中所产生的「主观公式主义」、「<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E8%A7%80%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="客觀主義">客观主义</a>」不满<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,在创作上强调作家「主观战斗精神」<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>的主张上多次与中共在文艺界领导人(如<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%89%AC_(%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85)" class="mw-redirect" title="周扬 (学者)">周扬</a>)以及毛泽东的观点相冲突<sup id="cite_ref-洪子诚_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-洪子诚-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>早在1936年,左联内部有关于“<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%98%B2%E6%96%87%E5%AD%B8" title="國防文學">国防文学</a>”(周扬、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E8%A1%8D" title="夏衍">夏衍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E6%B2%AB%E8%8B%A5" title="郭沫若">郭沫若</a>提出)和“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E6%88%98%E4%BA%89%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%97%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民族革命战争的大众文学(页面不存在)">民族革命战争的大众文学</a>”(鲁迅、<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AF%E9%9B%AA%E5%B3%B0" title="冯雪峰">冯雪峰</a>、胡风提出)的两个口号的争论,同时也有周扬与胡风关于<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="现实主义">现实主义</a>问题的争论;1938年毛泽东在文化问题上提出“新鲜活泼的,为中国老百姓喜闻乐见的中国作风和中国气派”<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>后,中国文化界开始关于“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="民族形式(页面不存在)">民族形式</a>”的讨论。在讨论中,胡风等表现出与毛泽东等有异的观点。1940年代和1950年代初,胡风等人已经受到批评<sup id="cite_ref-洪子诚_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-洪子诚-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1948年在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>出版的《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%97%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E4%B8%9B%E5%88%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大众文艺丛刊(页面不存在)">大众文艺丛刊</a>》上,对胡风等的文学思想和创作的批评,是该刊的主题之一。<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B5%E8%8D%83%E9%BA%9F" title="邵荃麟">邵荃麟</a>的《对当前文艺运动的意见》、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E7%BB%B3" title="胡绳">胡绳</a>的《鲁迅思想发展道路》、《评路翎的短篇小说》,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E5%86%A0%E5%8D%8E" title="乔冠华">乔冠华</a>的《文艺创作与主观》等文,都与此有关。中华人民共和国建立後,胡风及其追随者已处于受冷落、排挤的地位。不过对所坚持的路线、主张能取得胜利,他们也持乐观态度,并未料到此后成为被围剿的对象<sup id="cite_ref-洪子诚_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-洪子诚-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。对于批评和质疑,胡风则也毫不客气的反駁批评。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文艺争论期"><span id=".E6.96.87.E8.89.BA.E4.BA.89.E8.AE.BA.E6.9C.9F"></span>文艺争论期</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:文艺争论期"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1945年1月,胡风筹办的文学杂志《希望》第一期问世。创刊号上刊发<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E8%8A%9C" title="舒芜">舒芜</a>的哲学论文《论主观》,实质乃是呼唤个性解放,与此文相呼应,胡风本人亦撰文《置身在为民主的斗争里面》发表。这两篇文章与《讲话》为代表的毛泽东文艺思想背道而驰,均受到延安方面的关注。 </p><p>1948年,在<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%AE%9A%E5%8E%BF" title="正定县">正定</a>召开的鲁迅逝世纪念会上,<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E4%BA%BA" title="诗人">诗人</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E9%9D%92" title="艾青">艾青</a>不点名地批评胡风的文章风格。从1951年起,一些人写信给《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E6%8A%A5" title="文艺报">文艺报</a>》编辑部,要求再次批评胡风文艺思想。1952年初,《〈文艺报〉通讯员内部通报》陆续刊登了这些来信,从此拉开运动序幕。 </p><p>1952年5月25日,胡风旧友<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E8%8A%9C" title="舒芜">舒芜</a>在《<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%BF%E6%B1%9F%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5" title="长江日报">长江日报</a>》发表检讨自我的文章《从头学习〈<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A8%E5%BB%B6%E5%AE%89%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%BA%A7%E8%B0%88%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%B2%E8%AF%9D" title="在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话">在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话</a>〉》。1952年6月8日,《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5" title="人民日报">人民日报</a>》转发舒芜的文章并加<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E4%B9%94%E6%9C%A8" title="胡乔木">胡乔木</a>撰写的编者按,“编者按”对“以胡风为首的”“文艺上的小集团”的“错误性质”,做出裁定: </p> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; display:table; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; color: inherit;width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">他们在文艺创作上,片面地夸大主观精神的作用,追求所谓<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%91%BD%E5%8A%9B" title="生命力">生命力</a>的扩张,而实际上否认了革命实践和思想改造的意义。这是一种实际上属于<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E7%94%A2%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A" title="資產階級">资产阶级</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%B5%84%E4%BA%A7%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="小资产阶级">小资产阶级</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="个人主义">个人主义</a>的文艺思想。 </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>同年9月到年底,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E5%AE%A3%E4%BC%A0%E9%83%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="中共中央宣传部">中共中央宣传部</a>召开了四次有胡风本人参加的胡风文艺思想座谈会。中宣部在写给<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="中共中央">中共中央</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%81%A9%E6%9D%A5" title="周恩来">周恩来</a>的报告中,对胡风的文艺思想的“主要错误”做了如下归纳: </p> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; display:table; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; color: inherit;width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;"> <ol><li>抹煞<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E8%A7%82" title="世界观">世界观</a>和阶级立场的作用,把旧现实主义来代替<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%8E%B0%E5%AE%9E%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" class="mw-redirect" title="社会主义现实主义">社会主义现实主义</a>,实际上就是把资产阶级、小资产阶级的文艺来代替无产阶级的文艺。</li> <li>强调抽象的“主观战斗精神”,否认小资产阶级作家必须改造思想,改变立场,片面地强调知识分子的作家是人民中的先进,而对于劳动人民,特别是农民,则是非常轻视的。</li> <li>崇拜<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%AC%A7" title="西欧">西欧</a>资产阶级文艺,轻视民族文艺遗产。这完全是反<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="马克思主义">马克思主义</a>的文艺思想。……为了清除胡风和胡风类似的这些思想的影响,决定由<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E9%BB%98%E6%B6%B5" title="林默涵">林默涵</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%95%E5%85%B6%E8%8A%B3" title="何其芳">何其芳</a>两同志写文章进行公开的批评。……<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>此后,林默涵和何其芳代表左翼文学权威力量对胡风等的异质思想进行系统清理的文章——《胡风的反马克思主义的文艺思想》、《现实主义的路,还是反现实主义的路?》分别刊登于1953年第2期和第3期的《文艺报》。 </p><p>当时作为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF%E7%95%8C%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E4%BC%9A" title="中国文学艺术界联合会">中国文联</a>委员和<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="全国人民代表大会">全国人大</a>代表的胡风对此不服。1954年3月至7月,胡风在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E7%BF%8E" title="路翎">路翎</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%90%E6%94%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="徐放(页面不存在)">徐放</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E9%9F%AC" title="谢韬">谢韬</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="绿原">绿原</a>的协助下,完成《关于解放以来的文艺实践情况的报告》,即所谓“三十万言书”,并附说明信一封,以中国传统文人“上书”的方式,在1954年7月22日通过当时负责文教工作的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A0%E4%BB%B2%E5%8B%8B" title="习仲勋">习仲勋</a>“转呈”给<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%B1%80" title="中国共产党中央政治局">中共中央政治局</a><sup id="cite_ref-1949-1976年的中国:凯歌行进的时期_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1949-1976年的中国:凯歌行进的时期-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。报告共四部分<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ol><li>几年来的经过简况</li> <li>关于几个理论性问题的说明材料</li> <li>事实举例和关于党性</li> <li>作为参考的建议</li></ol> <p>胡风的报告全面否定了林默涵和何其芳文章对他的批评,申明他在若干重要的文艺理论问题上的观点,批评“解放以来”文艺工作上的方针、政策和具体措施,并提出他的建议。与此同时,胡风给党中央的关于文艺政策的信中,将矛头指向当时文艺主政者的周扬: </p> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; display:table; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; color: inherit;width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;"> <p>我完全确定了以周扬同志为中心的宗派主义统治一开始就是有意识地造成的。以对我的问题为例,是有着历史根源,利用革命胜利后的有利条件,利用党的工作岗位,有计划自上而下地一步一步向前推进,终于达到了肆无忌惮的高度的。 </p><p>我完全确定了以周扬同志为中心的领导倾向和党的原则没有任何相同之点。我完全确信:以周扬同志为中心的非党倾向的宗派主义统治,无论从事实表现或思想实质上看,已经是发展成了反党性质的东西<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>同年年底,中国文联和作协主席团召开联系扩大会,讨论《<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E6%A5%BC%E6%A2%A6" title="红楼梦">红楼梦</a>》研究的问题并检查《文艺报》的工作。胡风以为毛泽东和中央对《文艺报》和文艺界领导的批评,是他的“意见书”起了作用,认为全面质疑、挑战文学规范的时机已到,便在会议上两次长篇发言,抨击当时文艺界主持者。于是,此次本来对“胡适派资产阶级唯心论”的斗争、检查《文艺报》的“错误”的会议,在快结束时,将斗争的风向转向胡风。周扬在《我们必须战斗》(经毛泽东审阅)发言的第三部分,把胡风问题单独提出,并作出“为着保卫和发展马克思主义,为着保卫社会主义现实主义,为着发展科学事业和文学艺术事业”,“我们必须战斗”的号召<sup id="cite_ref-洪子诚_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-洪子诚-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="高层介入"><span id=".E9.AB.98.E5.B1.82.E4.BB.8B.E5.85.A5"></span>高层介入</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:高层介入"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="2" style="float:right; margin: 0 0 10px 20px; width:150px; border: solid 1px #bbb; clear: right;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E_%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E_%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4.jpg/150px-%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E_%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E_%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4.jpg/225px-%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E_%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E_%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4.jpg/300px-%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E_%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D%E6%89%B9%E5%88%A4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="403" data-file-height="569" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E_%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E_%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99.jpg/150px-%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E_%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E_%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99.jpg/225px-%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E_%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E_%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99.jpg/300px-%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E_%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="564" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><small>出现的批判书籍(上为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="中国青年出版社">中国青年出版社</a>的批判书籍,下为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="人民出版社">人民出版社</a>汇集成册的《关于胡风反革命集团的材料》,后者共印刷700多万册。<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>中宣部对30万言书进行研究后,于1955年1月20日向中央做了《关于开展批判胡风思想的报告》。报告提出,过去虽然对胡风思想进行过一些批判,但由于不彻底,没有发动更多人来参加斗争,始终没有解决根本问题。因此在批判<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%80%82" class="mw-redirect" title="胡适">胡适</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9E%E5%B9%B3%E4%BC%AF" title="俞平伯">俞平伯</a>的资产阶级唯心论的同时,对胡风进行彻底批判是十分必要的。为此,报告也提出了具体部署。中共中央批准了中宣部等报告,并指出胡风的文艺思想,是资产阶级唯心论的错误思想,披着<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="马克思主义">马克思主义</a>的外衣,在长时期内进行着反党反人民的斗争,对一部分作家和读者发生欺骗作用,必须加以彻底批判。中共中央要求各级党委必须重视这一思想斗争,把它作为工人阶级和资产阶级之间的一个重要斗争来对待<sup id="cite_ref-1949-1976年的中国:凯歌行进的时期_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1949-1976年的中国:凯歌行进的时期-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>同时,胡风的《意见书》便由中共中央交<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6%E5%8D%8F%E4%BC%9A" title="中国作家协会">中国作家协会</a>主席团处理。2月,中国作协主席团扩大会议决定对胡风文艺思想进行全面批判。主席团将胡风报告其中的二、四两部分专印成册,随《文艺报》1955年第1、2期合刊附发,“在文艺界和《文艺报》读者群众中公开讨论”。<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C" title="毛泽东">毛泽东</a>也在此时的一份批示中,要求文艺界“应对胡风的资产阶级唯心论,反党反人民的文艺思想进行彻底的批判”<sup id="cite_ref-洪子诚_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-洪子诚-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。一场全国性质的批判运动全面展开。大量报刊发表批判文章,4月1日,《人民日报》发表<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E6%B2%AB%E8%8B%A5" title="郭沫若">郭沫若</a>的文章《反社会主义的胡风纲领》,对胡风的三十万言书进行逐一批判<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。不久,舒芜在《人民日报》上发表抨击文章《胡风文艺思想反党反人民的实质》,同时还交出了在1940年代与胡风的私人通信<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>随后,文艺报将舒芜提供信件和胡风送上的检讨《我的自我批判》一并发布。后来又“搜出”或要当事人交出他们的往来信件后,“性质”上升为“犯罪”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="胡风反革命专案组"><span id=".E8.83.A1.E9.A3.8E.E5.8F.8D.E9.9D.A9.E5.91.BD.E4.B8.93.E6.A1.88.E7.BB.84"></span>胡风反革命专案组</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:胡风反革命专案组"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>同时,毛泽东亲自审阅舒芜交出的胡风给他的多封信件,断定胡风等人是一个“反党小集团”,立即指示中央宣传部和公安部成立“<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E4%B8%93%E6%A1%88%E5%B0%8F%E7%BB%84" class="mw-redirect" title="胡风反革命集团专案小组">胡风反革命集团专案小组</a>”,5月初,由中共中央宣传部和公安部共同组成的胡风问题的专案组,开始集中在全国各地调查胡风等人的历史情况,收集他们的有关信件<sup id="cite_ref-1949-1976年的中国:凯歌行进的时期_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1949-1976年的中国:凯歌行进的时期-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="efefef"> <th>姓名 </th> <th>时任职务 </th> <th>备注 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E5%AE%9A%E4%B8%80" title="陆定一">陆定一</a> </td> <td>中央宣传部部长 </td> <td>胡风反革命集团专案小组组长<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%89%AC_(%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85)" class="mw-redirect" title="周扬 (学者)">周扬</a> </td> <td>中央宣传部副部长 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E7%91%9B_(1903%E5%B9%B4)" title="钱瑛 (1903年)">钱瑛</a> </td> <td>中央监察部部长 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%A5%9A%E7%A6%BB" title="李楚离">李楚离</a> </td> <td>中央组织部副部长 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E5%A5%87%E6%B8%85" title="杨奇清">杨奇清</a> </td> <td>公安部副部长 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%91%9E%E5%8D%BF" title="罗瑞卿">罗瑞卿</a> </td> <td>公安部部长 </td> <td>7月1日后增补 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%8C" title="梁国斌">梁国斌</a> </td> <td>最高人民检察院副检察长 </td> <td>7月1日后增补 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97" title="高克林">高克林</a> </td> <td>最高人民法院副院长 </td> <td>7月1日后增补 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A7%E5%8D%8E_(%E4%B8%8A%E5%B0%86)" title="萧华 (上将)">肖华</a> </td> <td>总政治部副主任 </td> <td>7月1日后增补 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E6%BE%9C%E6%B6%9B" title="刘澜涛">刘澜涛</a> </td> <td>中共中央副秘书长、中央监察委员会副书记 </td> <td>7月1日后增补 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><br /> 5月13日在《人民日报》以“关于胡风反革命集团的一些材料”为名,公布这些信件,以后又陆续公布一些材料,并集结成书,由毛泽东亲自作序出版<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,在全国开展清查“胡风集团”的运动,1955年5月13日至6月20日《关于胡风反革命集团的材料》(共三批)中出现了这样的话: </p> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; display:table; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; color: inherit;width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">胡风分子是以伪装出现的反革命分子,他们给人以假象,而将真相隐蔽着。 <p>胡风和胡风集团中的许多骨干分子很早以来就是<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3" title="蔣中正">蒋介石</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8" title="中國國民黨">国民党</a>的忠实走狗,他们和帝国主义国民党特务机关有密切联系,长期地伪装革命,潜藏在进步人民内部,干着反革命勾当。 </p><p>他们的基本队伍,或是<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="帝国主义">帝国主义</a>国民党的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%98%E5%AF%86%E8%AD%A6%E5%AF%9F" title="秘密警察">特务</a>,或是<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E6%B4%9B%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="托洛茨基主义">托洛茨基分子</a>,或是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%8A%A8" title="反动">反动</a>军官,或是共产党的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%9B%E5%BE%92" class="mw-redirect" title="叛徒">叛徒</a>,有这些人做骨干组成了一个暗藏在革命阵营的反革命派别,一个地下的独立王国。这个反革命派别和地下王国,是以推翻中华人民共和国和恢复帝国主义国民党的统治为任务的。 </p> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E7%99%BD%E7%BE%BD" title="刘白羽">刘白羽</a>带领公安人员于1955年5月16日对胡风进行搜查,5月17日胡风被拘捕<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>与此同时,中宣部派<a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E9%BB%98%E6%B6%B5" title="林默涵">林默涵</a>、刘白羽、何其芳、张光年、郭小川、袁水拍等人到胡风专案组负责审阅“胡风分子”的来往信件和文稿,公安部负责对胡风等人的审讯和调查工作<sup id="cite_ref-“胡风案件”的前前后后_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“胡风案件”的前前后后-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>从5月18日到6月8日的20天中,《人民日报》每天在第三版用五分之二以上甚至全版的篇幅,有时还扩印两张共计12版的篇幅刊登表态声讨的文章、读者来信和漫画,版面上安置《提高警惕 揭露胡风》的大标题。第三批材料公布后,连续一个月类似报道约占15个版面,版面大标题改为《坚决彻底粉碎胡风反革命集团》。<sup id="cite_ref-吴廷俊_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-吴廷俊-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>同时大量宣传书籍甚至政治漫画开始在全国范围涌现,宣传机器在全国开动,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>如《胡风反革命集团是中国人民的死敌》(徐岗编写,新知识出版社)<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>官方媒体产生的宣传影响是巨大的,文艺界人士也开始纷纷与胡风“划清界限”,1955年5月26日《人民日报》所刊<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%87%91" title="巴金">巴金</a>《必须彻底打垮胡风反党集团》成为颇具典型的一例<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,同时检讨会、座谈会纷纷展开。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="定罪及受牵连人物"><span id=".E5.AE.9A.E7.BD.AA.E5.8F.8A.E5.8F.97.E7.89.B5.E8.BF.9E.E4.BA.BA.E7.89.A9"></span>定罪及受牵连人物</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:定罪及受牵连人物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1955年5月16日胡风被捕,但至5月18日<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="全国人大">全国人大</a>才作出逮捕决定。胡风先于看守所被隔离3个月,后被单人关押至北京的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%9F%8E%E7%9B%91%E7%8B%B1" title="秦城监狱">秦城监狱</a>,直到1965年底被判刑为止<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。多人由于“反革命派别”而遭到清查,先后有数十人被捕。根据1980年7月21日公安部、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院《关于胡风反革命集团复查报告》披露,1955年和1956年全国共清查了2100多人,逮捕92人,隔离62人,停职反省73人<sup id="cite_ref-“胡风案件”的前前后后_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“胡风案件”的前前后后-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,到1956年,共正式定为“胡风分子”78人,其中骨干23人<sup id="cite_ref-夏永安_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-夏永安-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1958年5月,78人中撤销职务、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%B3%E5%8A%A8%E6%95%99%E5%85%BB" title="劳动教养">劳动教养</a>、下放劳动等处理的有61人<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。比较出名的有:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E5%B2%97" title="华岗">华岗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E7%BF%8E" title="路翎">路翎</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿垅(页面不存在)">阿垅</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E8%97%9C" title="鲁藜">鲁藜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B1%89" title="牛汉">牛汉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="绿原">绿原</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E6%9F%8F%E5%B1%B1" title="彭柏山">彭柏山</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E8%8D%A7" title="吕荧">吕荧</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E6%A4%8D%E8%8A%B3" title="贾植芳">贾植芳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E9%9F%AC" title="谢韬">谢韬</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%83%E5%8C%96" title="王元化">王元化</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E6%9E%97_(%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6)" title="梅林 (作家)">梅林</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E9%9B%AA%E8%8B%87" title="刘雪苇">刘雪苇</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BB%A1%E6%B6%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="满涛(页面不存在)">满涛</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BD%95%E6%BB%A1%E5%AD%90_(%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="何满子 (作家)(页面不存在)">何满子</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%A6%E7%94%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="芦甸(页面不存在)">芦甸</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%AD%E7%87%95%E9%83%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="彭燕郊(页面不存在)">彭燕郊</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E5%8D%93" class="mw-disambig" title="曾卓">曾卓</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%80%BF%E5%BA%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="耿庸(页面不存在)">耿庸</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%A0%E4%B8%AD%E6%99%93&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="张中晓(页面不存在)">张中晓</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E6%B4%9B" title="羅洛">罗洛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%BE%81" class="mw-disambig" title="胡征">胡征</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B9%E7%84%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="方然(页面不存在)">方然</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%B1%E6%80%80%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="朱怀谷(页面不存在)">朱怀谷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E6%88%8E_(%E8%AF%9D%E5%89%A7%E6%BC%94%E5%91%98)" title="王戎 (话剧演员)">王戎</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%96%E9%93%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="化铁(页面不存在)">化铁</a>等。 </p><p>从胡风被逮捕后,迟迟没有审判。一是认为胡风本人对定性一直不服;二是搜集取证,专案组曾多次派专人到南京等地翻阅敌伪档案和审问有关犯人,但未能取得有力罪证。公安部几次向中央报告,请求暂缓处理,一直拖到1965年结案,报请中央批准由法院判处。 1965年后,骨干份子中3人被判刑,1人另案处理(下表) </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="efefef"> <th>姓名 </th> <th>判决 </th> <th>判决日 </th> <th>备注 </th></tr> <tr> <td>胡风 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%9C%9F%E5%BE%92%E5%88%91" title="有期徒刑">有期徒刑</a>14年,剥夺政治权利6年 </td> <td>1965-11-26 </td> <td>由于已经服刑10年,其余4年监外执行 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E5%9E%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="阿垅(页面不存在)">阿垅</a> </td> <td>有期徒刑12年 </td> <td>1966 </td> <td>天津 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E6%A4%8D%E8%8A%B3" title="贾植芳">贾植芳</a> </td> <td>有期徒刑12年 </td> <td>1966 </td> <td>上海 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%84%E6%B6%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="庄涌(页面不存在)">庄涌</a> </td> <td>另案处理 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table><p><sup id="cite_ref-“胡风案件”的前前后后_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“胡风案件”的前前后后-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>其余13人免于起诉,给予降职、撤职或另行安排工作的处理<sup id="cite_ref-1949-1976年的中国:凯歌行进的时期_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1949-1976年的中国:凯歌行进的时期-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="判刑之后"><span id=".E5.88.A4.E5.88.91.E4.B9.8B.E5.90.8E"></span>判刑之后</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:判刑之后"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>胡风及“胡风集团骨干分子”的书籍均遭停售,即使是<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="弗里德里希·恩格斯">恩格斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA" title="马克西姆·高尔基">高尔基</a>的著作,只要是胡风分子译作,均不得在市面销售,也不得在图书馆公开借阅<sup id="cite_ref-谢泳_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-谢泳-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1966年,“<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E4%BA%A7%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="无产阶级文化大革命">无产阶级文化大革命</a>”开始,胡风夫妇被送到<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E7%9C%81" title="四川省">四川省</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%A6%E5%B1%B1%E5%8E%BF" title="芦山县">芦山县</a>劳动。1967年11月,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E7%9C%81%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%89%E5%BB%B3" title="四川省公安廳">四川省公安厅</a>在没有任何罪名的情况下,以原政法机关“包庇”了“胡风集团”为由将胡收监<sup id="cite_ref-“胡风案件”的前前后后_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“胡风案件”的前前后后-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1970年1月,因胡风在报纸空隙写诗,被<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E7%9C%81%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="四川省革命委员会">四川省革命委员会</a>以“在毛主席像上写反动诗词”的罪名判处<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A0%E6%9C%9F%E5%BE%92%E5%88%91" class="mw-redirect" title="无期徒刑">无期徒刑</a>,不得上诉。<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>同时,“文革”期间,当年胡风事件中与胡风对立的两位主要人物:<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%89%AC_(%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85)" class="mw-redirect" title="周扬 (学者)">周扬</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E8%8A%9C" title="舒芜">舒芜</a>,乃至一大批文艺界人士,纷纷以各种形式遭到整肃,周扬入狱<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,舒芜则早在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%8F%B3%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="反右运动">反右运动</a>期间就被定性为“<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E6%B4%BE" title="右派">右派</a>分子”<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,文革中也历经磨难。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="三次平反"><span id=".E4.B8.89.E6.AC.A1.E5.B9.B3.E5.8F.8D"></span>三次平反</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:三次平反"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1978年底,无期徒刑判决被撤销,胡被释放,发还财产,安排为四川省政协委员。然而胡风对1965年判决不服,于1979年4月向中共中央提出申诉,<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E4%BA%91" title="陈云">陈云</a>批示由公安部复查<sup id="cite_ref-“胡风案件”的前前后后_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-“胡风案件”的前前后后-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。1980年中共中央决定为“胡风反革命集团”案平反,9月29日中共中央发出76号文件,指出:“‘胡风反革命集团’一案,是当时的历史条件下,混淆了两类不同性质的矛盾,将有错误言论、宗派活动的一些同志定为反革命分子、反革命集团的错案。中央决定,予以平反。”而对诸如“胡风的文艺思想和主张有许多是错误的,是小资产阶级的个人主义和唯心主义世界观的表现”;“胡风等少数同志的结合带有小集团性质,进行过抵制党对文艺工作的领导,损害革命文艺界团结的宗派活动”,还有胡风在20年代担任所谓“反动职务”,写过“反共文章”,“进行反革命宣传鼓动”等政治历史”问题”则予以保留,胡风不接受平反文件,拒绝签字。<sup id="cite_ref-周正章_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-周正章-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>胡风得到平反后,担任第五届、第六届全国政协常委、中国文联全国委员会委员、中国作家协会顾问、中国艺术研究院顾问。1985年胡风逝世,但胡风的家人对1980年并不彻底的平反、尤其是官方悼词不服,胡风遗体在很长时间内并未下葬。这年4月,经<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E4%B9%A6%E8%AE%B0%E5%A4%84" class="mw-redirect" title="中共中央书记处">中共中央书记处</a>批准,公安部发出[85]公二字50号文件,正式撤消了1980年第一次平反文件中对胡风“历史问题”的措辞。<sup id="cite_ref-周正章_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-周正章-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1986年1月,中共中央公开撤消对胡风的政治历史结论。1月15日胡风追悼会在<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AB%E5%AE%9D%E5%B1%B1%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%85%AC%E5%A2%93" class="mw-redirect" title="八宝山革命公墓">八宝山革命公墓</a>举行,文化部部长<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E7%A9%86%E4%B9%8B" title="朱穆之">朱穆之</a>在悼词中说,胡风是“我国现代革命文艺战士、著名文艺理论家、诗人、翻译家。”“胡风同志的一生,是追求光明、要求进步的一生,是热爱祖国、热爱人民并努力为文艺事业做出贡献的一生。<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>” 此后中宣部起草以中共中央办公厅名义下发了为胡风平反《补充通知》(全部撤销了1980年结论中三个政治性结论)以征求意见。然而,由于1986年底出现政局动荡,<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E8%80%80%E9%82%A6" title="胡耀邦">胡耀邦</a>下台,中宣部部长易人,《补充通知》延后到1988年发出<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>1988年6月18日,中共中央发布《关于为胡风同志进一步平反的补充通知》,正式撤消其<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AA%E4%BA%BA%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="个人主义">个人主义</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E6%B4%BE%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="宗派主義">宗派主义</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E5%BF%83%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="唯心主義">唯心主义</a>等罪名,“胡风反革命集团”案才被彻底平反。<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史遗留及影响"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2.E9.81.97.E7.95.99.E5.8F.8A.E5.BD.B1.E5.93.8D"></span>历史遗留及影响</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节:历史遗留及影响"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>当时的中共认为,利用胡风事件大张旗鼓地发动群众来进行肃清一切暗藏的反革命分子的运动,是正确且必要的<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其直接成效是,仅仅两月,就揭露出反革命分子和各种“坏分子”29230人,“反革命嫌疑分子”12488人,还发现了为数甚多的“小集团”<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。据<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E5%AE%9A%E4%B8%80" title="陆定一">陆定一</a>后来向<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E8%81%94" title="苏联">苏联</a>通报的情况,拟定全国总共审查1200万人。审查于1955年6月开始,到9月中旬时,已“仔细审查”222万人。其中已查明的反革命、叛徒和重大刑事犯罪分子有11.8万人,揭露11000个集团和派别。<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>但至1980年代,胡风从政治上、历史上、文艺思想及文学活动上,获得全面彻底的平反,胡风案件也被官方承认为一大“冤案”。<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>对于胡风案件的反思也一直没有终结。胡风在后来回忆为何遭到整肃时指出,因为<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C" title="毛泽东">毛泽东</a>“不愿意听不同意见,不喜欢别人不佩服他。也许他觉得我不尊重他。”<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="李新宇(页面不存在)">李新宇</a>为代表的学者则认为,对胡风的批判已经是对<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E8%BF%85" title="鲁迅">鲁迅</a>的批判,对胡风文艺思想整肃也成了对鲁迅思想和文学方向的整肃<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-牛汉_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-牛汉-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。责任方面,无论中国大陆内外,文学界普遍认为,中共尤其是毛泽东负有不可推卸的责任,甚至有观点认为,舒芜的信只是给予毛泽东一个“可以下的台阶”,一个说得过去的“藉口”<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。加之纠缠不清的文艺流派之争甚至“文人相轻”的传统,产生了政治定性、群起攻之的历史悲剧。进入21世纪,<a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E6%B3%B3" title="谢泳">谢泳</a>等学者将目光转移到<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="制度">制度</a>层面,指出五十年代的“<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E7%8D%84" title="文字獄">文字狱</a>”并非个人所为,而是<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="制度化">制度化</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%9B" title="暴力">暴力</a>的产物<sup id="cite_ref-谢泳_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-谢泳-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。甚至<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E6%A4%8D%E8%8A%B3" title="贾植芳">贾植芳</a>曾说,“胡风要是做了<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%89%AC_(%E5%AD%A6%E8%80%85)" class="mw-redirect" title="周扬 (学者)">周扬</a>,比周扬还要周扬。”<sup id="cite_ref-牛汉_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-牛汉-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>胡风案中表现出的一系列现象也被视为<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="文化大革命">文革</a>的“热身”:凭空捏造、舆论动员、全国声讨,从行动到大批判语言都惊人的类似。由<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E8%8A%9C" title="舒芜">舒芜</a>“献私信构筑‘反革命材料’,卖友求荣的道德败坏倡导,导致此后打小报告、作窃听机器者群起,知识分子和全民道德崩溃,假大空盛行<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同时,当时的大陆媒体,尤以《<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5" title="人民日报">人民日报</a>》为首,受到政治干预,完全成为政治宣传机器,用政治斗争代替学术讨论,“混淆了两类不同性质的矛盾,新闻界自身的形象也受到损害。”<sup id="cite_ref-吴廷俊_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-吴廷俊-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>由于胡风案件已有定论,今天的史学和文学界公认为,由于此前已经有过对<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%80%82" class="mw-redirect" title="胡适">胡适</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9E%E5%B9%B3%E4%BC%AF" title="俞平伯">俞平伯</a>等人或事件的批判之风,胡风案件以及此后掀起的对知识分子的整肃和清理使得当时的知识界噤若寒蝉。由于时代变迁,带有民国身份的诸多知识分子“心惊胆跳”,“畏罪自杀”的事件时有发生。<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>虽然1955年之后胡风案及其带来的整肃运动最为狂暴的时期已经过去,但“知识界空气空前沉闷,知识分子心情压抑,意志消沉,政治热情、工作热情受到严重挫伤”。<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>最为脆弱、敏感的文艺界批判後的萧条表现的尤为明显。此后的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E7%8E%B2" title="丁玲">丁玲</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E4%BC%81%E9%9C%9E" title="陳企霞">陈企霞</a>“<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E5%85%9A%E5%B0%8F%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反党小集团(页面不存在)">反党小集团</a>”问题,进一步加剧了文艺界的紧张氛围。1930年代的老作家大多封笔,前解放区的作家也屡受批判,文艺作品不但数量少,而且题材狭窄、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%BB%E6%9D%BF%E5%8D%B0%E8%B1%A1" title="刻板印象">刻板印象</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="公式化(页面不存在)">公式化</a>现象严重。而对胡风案和此后的整肃运动造成了知识分子群体性的疑虑、压抑和恐惧,他们对此极为不满。肃反的扩大后来为1957年“鸣放”运动中表达最多的一个话题,同时缺乏真实客观的信息为依据,中共调整知识分子政策的效果也受到了影响。<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>一定程度上为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%8F%B3%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="反右运动">反右运动</a>埋下了伏笔。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相关影视作品"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E5.85.B3.E5.BD.B1.E8.A7.86.E4.BD.9C.E5.93.81"></span>相关影视作品</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节:相关影视作品"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>中国大陆民间记录胡风反革命集团案的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E9%8C%84%E7%89%87" title="紀錄片">紀錄片</a>《<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BA%A2%E6%97%A5%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="红日风暴(页面不存在)">红日风暴</a>》<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(2009年),导演:彭小莲、魏时煜</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节:参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="中华人民共和国历史">中华人民共和国历史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次國共內戰">第二次國共內戰</a></li> <li>中华人民共和国建国初期三大运动: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%9C%B0%E6%94%B9%E9%9D%A9%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="土地改革运动">土地改革运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%BE%8E%E6%8F%B4%E6%9C%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="抗美援朝">抗美援朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%87%E5%8E%8B%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="镇压反革命运动">镇压反革命运动</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%89%BF%E5%8C%AA" title="全国大剿匪">全国大剿匪</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%8D%E4%BA%94%E5%8F%8D%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="三反五反运动">三反五反运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%85%E6%B8%85%E6%9A%97%E8%97%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="肅清暗藏的反革命分子運動">肃清暗藏的反革命分子运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%8F%B3%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="反右运动">反右运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中国共产党政治运动列表">中国共产党政治运动列表</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%A8%E4%B9%B1%E5%8F%8D%E6%AD%A3" title="拨乱反正">拨乱反正</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E7%8B%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="文字狱">文字狱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BD%B3%E5%93%81%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="人文佳品運動">人文佳品運動</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节:参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 33em; -webkit-column-width: 33em; column-width: 33em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">徐卫东. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090525063933/http://www.chinasecurities.xinhua.org/lcsh/04/200806/t20080630_1509513.htm">让死人复活,让活人说话</a>. 南方都市报. 2008年6月30日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-05-01</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinasecurities.xinhua.org/lcsh/04/200806/t20080630_1509513.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2009-05-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>. <q>而胡风先是1944年提出对《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》“不能教条式地应用”而在其政治道路上留下阴影,后在1954年上呈长达二十八万字的《关于解放以来的文艺实践情况的报告》而激怒决策者,从而招致全面批判,终于引发一场影响深远的文字狱</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E5%BE%90%E5%8D%AB%E4%B8%9C&rft.btitle=%E8%AE%A9%E6%AD%BB%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%8D%E6%B4%BB%EF%BC%8C%E8%AE%A9%E6%B4%BB%E4%BA%BA%E8%AF%B4%E8%AF%9D&rft.date=2008-06-30&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E9%83%BD%E5%B8%82%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinasecurities.xinhua.org%2Flcsh%2F04%2F200806%2Ft20080630_1509513.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">高伐林. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090519080926/http://www.dwnews.com/duoweipost/2005-backup/2005-07-28-0831.txt">共和国的第一场“文字狱”——专访胡风女儿晓风</a>. 多维月刊. 2005年7月28日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-05-01</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwnews.com/duoweipost/2005-backup/2005-07-28-0831.txt">原始内容</a>存档于2009-05-19) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E9%AB%98%E4%BC%90%E6%9E%97&rft.btitle=%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%9C%BA%E2%80%9C%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97%E7%8B%B1%E2%80%9D%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E4%B8%93%E8%AE%BF%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%A5%B3%E5%84%BF%E6%99%93%E9%A3%8E&rft.date=2005-07-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%A4%9A%E7%BB%B4%E6%9C%88%E5%88%8A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwnews.com%2Fduoweipost%2F2005-backup%2F2005-07-28-0831.txt&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">转引自丁抒:《阳谋:反右前后》(香港:九十年代杂志社). 《文汇月刊》1986年10月: 37. 2001年 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(繁體)网页">(中文(繁體))</span>. <q>巴金回忆起当时的情景还说:“这使我想起了清朝的‘文字狱’”</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.atitle=%E8%BD%AC%E5%BC%95%E8%87%AA%E4%B8%81%E6%8A%92%EF%BC%9A%E3%80%8A%E9%98%B3%E8%B0%8B%EF%BC%9A%E5%8F%8D%E5%8F%B3%E5%89%8D%E5%90%8E%E3%80%8B%EF%BC%88%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%EF%BC%9A%E4%B9%9D%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3%E6%9D%82%E5%BF%97%E7%A4%BE%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=article&rft.pages=37&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">曲路浚. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006141032/http://www.21ccom.net/articles/gsbh/article_2012021153424.html">曲路浚:左与右:五十步与百步之间 (十五)</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E8%AF%86%E7%BD%91" title="共识网">共识网</a>. 2012-02-11 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-10-04</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.21ccom.net/articles/gsbh/article_2012021153424.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-10-06).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E6%9B%B2%E8%B7%AF%E6%B5%9A&rft.btitle=%E6%9B%B2%E8%B7%AF%E6%B5%9A%EF%BC%9A%E5%B7%A6%E4%B8%8E%E5%8F%B3%EF%BC%9A%E4%BA%94%E5%8D%81%E6%AD%A5%E4%B8%8E%E7%99%BE%E6%AD%A5%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4+%EF%BC%88%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%94%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2012-02-11&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%85%B1%E8%AF%86%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.21ccom.net%2Farticles%2Fgsbh%2Farticle_2012021153424.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-夏永安-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-夏永安_5-0"><sup><b>5.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-夏永安_5-1"><sup><b>5.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">夏永安. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.peopledaily.com.cn/GB/wenhua/1088/2035952.html">胡风事件中几组令人叹息不止的数字</a>. 人民网转引自《炎黄春秋》2003年第3期. 2003年8月25日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2009-01]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040312165251/http://www.peopledaily.com.cn/GB/wenhua/1088/2035952.html">存档</a>于2004年3月12日) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>. <q>假设一个正式涉及此案的人的家庭以每家3人计算,则共波及6300人,其实,受株连的远远超过上述数字。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E5%A4%8F%E6%B0%B8%E5%AE%89&rft.btitle=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E4%B8%AD%E5%87%A0%E7%BB%84%E4%BB%A4%E4%BA%BA%E5%8F%B9%E6%81%AF%E4%B8%8D%E6%AD%A2%E7%9A%84%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97&rft.date=2003-08-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E7%BD%91%E8%BD%AC%E5%BC%95%E8%87%AA%E3%80%8A%E7%82%8E%E9%BB%84%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E3%80%8B2003%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC3%E6%9C%9F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.peopledaily.com.cn%2FGB%2Fwenhua%2F1088%2F2035952.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">中共中央批转公安部、最高人民检察院、最高人民法院. 《关于“胡风反革命集团”案件的答复报告》. 1980年9月29日 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%89%B9%E8%BD%AC%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%89%E9%83%A8%E3%80%81%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%A3%80%E5%AF%9F%E9%99%A2%E3%80%81%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E2%80%9C%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E2%80%9D%E6%A1%88%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E7%AD%94%E5%A4%8D%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A%E3%80%8B&rft.date=1980-09-29&rft.genre=book&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">朱正. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yhcqw.com/32/8245.html">1955年肃反扩大化的教训</a>. 炎黄春秋. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-07-03</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200703070202/http://www.yhcqw.com/32/8245.html">存档</a>于2020-07-03).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E6%9C%B1%E6%AD%A3&rft.btitle=1955%E5%B9%B4%E8%82%83%E5%8F%8D%E6%89%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%96%E7%9A%84%E6%95%99%E8%AE%AD&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E7%82%8E%E9%BB%84%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yhcqw.com%2F32%2F8245.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://china20.weebly.com/329933911820107202141998232899214533681621160.html">胡风事件与肃反运动</a>. 《二十世纪中国纪事》. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-07-03</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190929052707/https://china20.weebly.com/329933911820107202141998232899214533681621160.html">存档</a>于2019-09-29) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">(中文)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.atitle=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E4%B8%8E%E8%82%83%E5%8F%8D%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%BA%AA%E4%BA%8B%E3%80%8B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchina20.weebly.com%2F329933911820107202141998232899214533681621160.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mjlsh.usc.cuhk.edu.hk/Book.aspx?cid=4&tid=3861">中国1949年以来的所有冤假错案盘点</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="香港中文大学">香港中文大学</a>中国研究服务中心. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-01-13</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129185317/http://www.archives.sh.cn/dabl/zjjm/201203/t20120313_8510.html">存档</a>于2014-11-29).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E9%99%88%E6%85%A7%E6%B6%B5%E6%91%98%E8%87%AA%E3%80%8A%E5%85%9A%E5%8F%B2%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%8A%A5%E3%80%8B%E4%BD%9C%E8%80%85%3A%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%A3%E7%AB%A0&rft.btitle=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%89%E6%AC%A1%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%8D&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.sh.cn%2Fdabl%2Fzjjm%2F201203%2Ft20120313_8510.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jaaslib.ac.cn:88/jinqiunet/ggweb/%E9%97%B5%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F/%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%AF%B9%E9%B2%81%E8%BF%85%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF.htm">胡风对鲁迅精神传统的继承</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-11-18</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129032608/http://www.jaaslib.ac.cn:88/jinqiunet/ggweb/%E9%97%B5%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F/%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%AF%B9%E9%B2%81%E8%BF%85%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF.htm">存档</a>于2014-11-29).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.btitle=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%AF%B9%E9%B2%81%E8%BF%85%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E4%BC%A0%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E7%BB%A7%E6%89%BF&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jaaslib.ac.cn%3A88%2Fjinqiunet%2Fggweb%2F%25E9%2597%25B5%25E6%258A%2597%25E7%2594%259F%2F%25E8%2583%25A1%25E9%25A3%258E%25E5%25AF%25B9%25E9%25B2%2581%25E8%25BF%2585%25E7%25B2%25BE%25E7%25A5%259E%25E4%25BC%25A0%25E7%25BB%259F%25E7%259A%2584%25E7%25BB%25A7%25E6%2589%25BF.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2004-06/24/content_1545090.htm">在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话(一九四二年五月)</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-11-18</span>]</span>. 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(原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129024037/http://www.yyxx1.sdu.edu.cn/zyk/xdwx/1/6.htm">存档</a>于2014-11-29).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.btitle=1918%E5%B9%B412%E6%9C%88%EF%BC%8C%E3%80%8A%E6%96%B0%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%8B%E5%88%8A%E7%99%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%91%A8%E4%BD%9C%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yyxx1.sdu.edu.cn%2Fzyk%2Fxdwx%2F1%2F6.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">童庆炳. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090525062025/http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_djxk200604001.aspx">胡风的「主观战斗精神」论</a>. 东疆学刊: 1. 2006年4期 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-03-31</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical_djxk200604001.aspx">原始内容</a>存档于2009-05-25) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.atitle=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E7%9A%84%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%BB%E8%A7%82%E6%88%98%E6%96%97%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E3%80%8D%E8%AE%BA&rft.au=%E7%AB%A5%E5%BA%86%E7%82%B3&rft.chron=2006%E5%B9%B44%E6%9C%9F&rft.genre=article&rft.pages=1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fd.wanfangdata.com.cn%2FPeriodical_djxk200604001.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">鲁贞银. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20090518182241/http://ilib.com.cn/A-QCode~zjxk200302010.html">鲁迅的「主见」与胡风的「主观战斗精神」</a> (2003年第02期). 浙江学刊: 1. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-03-31</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ilib.com.cn/A-QCode~zjxk200302010.html">原始内容</a>存档于2009-05-18) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.atitle=%E9%B2%81%E8%BF%85%E7%9A%84%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%BB%E8%A7%81%E3%80%8D%E4%B8%8E%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E7%9A%84%E3%80%8C%E4%B8%BB%E8%A7%82%E6%88%98%E6%96%97%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E3%80%8D&rft.au=%E9%B2%81%E8%B4%9E%E9%93%B6&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2003%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC02%E6%9C%9F&rft.pages=1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Filib.com.cn%2FA-QCode~zjxk200302010.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-洪子诚-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-洪子诚_16-0"><sup><b>16.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-洪子诚_16-1"><sup><b>16.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-洪子诚_16-2"><sup><b>16.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-洪子诚_16-3"><sup><b>16.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-洪子诚_16-4"><sup><b>16.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">洪子诚. 中国当代文学史. 北京大学出版社. 2003: 41. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-301-04039-3" title="Special:网络书源/7-301-04039-3"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7-301-04039-3</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E6%B4%AA%E5%AD%90%E8%AF%9A&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%BD%93%E4%BB%A3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7-301-04039-3&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">童世骏. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090520050151/http://www.sass.org.cn/zjxzarticleshow.jsp?sortid=1198&id=34632">赋予马克思主义鲜明的民族特色</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="上海社会科学院">上海社会科学院</a>. 2009年2月24日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-04-21</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sass.org.cn/zjxzarticleshow.jsp?sortid=1198&id=34632">原始内容</a>存档于2009年5月20日) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.atitle=%E8%B5%8B%E4%BA%88%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E9%B2%9C%E6%98%8E%E7%9A%84%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2&rft.au=%E7%AB%A5%E4%B8%96%E9%AA%8F&rft.date=2009-02-24&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sass.org.cn%2Fzjxzarticleshow.jsp%3Fsortid%3D1198%26id%3D34632&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">林默涵. 《胡风事件的前前后后》. 《新文学史料》. 1989年 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%89%8D%E5%89%8D%E5%90%8E%E5%90%8E%E3%80%8B&rft.au=%E6%9E%97%E9%BB%98%E6%B6%B5&rft.date=1989&rft.genre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1949-1976年的中国:凯歌行进的时期-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1949-1976年的中国:凯歌行进的时期_19-0"><sup><b>19.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1949-1976年的中国:凯歌行进的时期_19-1"><sup><b>19.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1949-1976年的中国:凯歌行进的时期_19-2"><sup><b>19.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1949-1976年的中国:凯歌行进的时期_19-3"><sup><b>19.3</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9E%97%E8%95%B4%E6%99%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="林蕴晖(页面不存在)">林蕴晖</a>. 《1949-1976年的中国:凯歌行进的时期》. 人民出版社. 2009年5月1日: 394–400. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787010078625" title="Special:网络书源/9787010078625"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787010078625</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E6%9E%97%E8%95%B4%E6%99%96&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A1949-1976%E5%B9%B4%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%EF%BC%9A%E5%87%AF%E6%AD%8C%E8%A1%8C%E8%BF%9B%E7%9A%84%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2009-05-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9787010078625&rft.pages=394-400&rft.pub=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">胡風. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ch.zju.edu.cn/RWKJ/DDWX/a2_3_3.htm">《关于解放以来的文艺实践情况的报告》</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-05-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090522041356/http://www.ch.zju.edu.cn/RWKJ/DDWX/a2_3_3.htm">存档</a>于2009-05-22).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E8%83%A1%E9%A2%A8&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E4%BB%A5%E6%9D%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E5%AE%9E%E8%B7%B5%E6%83%85%E5%86%B5%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ch.zju.edu.cn%2FRWKJ%2FDDWX%2Fa2_3_3.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">北京大学马克思主义学会. 《文革史》. 北京大学马克思主义学会 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%96%87%E9%9D%A9%E5%8F%B2%E3%80%8B&rft.au=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%80%9D%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A&rft.genre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">胡风事件五十年祭,周正章,2005年第三期,粤海风杂志</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E6%B2%AB%E8%8B%A5" title="郭沫若">郭沫若</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilf.cn/Mate/3734.html">反社会主义的胡风纲领</a>. 人民日报. 1955-04-01 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-03-31</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090519010212/http://www.ilf.cn/Mate/3734.html">存档</a>于2009-05-19) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E9%83%AD%E6%B2%AB%E8%8B%A5&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%8D%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E7%9A%84%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E7%BA%B2%E9%A2%86&rft.date=1955-04-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilf.cn%2FMate%2F3734.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">王文正. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121202224339/http://www.gmw.cn/CONTENT/2008-04/08/content_758970.htm">恩怨二十年 一个法官亲历的胡风案</a>. 光明网. 2008-04-08 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-03-30</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmw.cn/CONTENT/2008-04/08/content_758970.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2012-12-02) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E7%8E%8B%E6%96%87%E6%AD%A3&rft.btitle=%E6%81%A9%E6%80%A8%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E5%B9%B4%E3%80%80%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E6%B3%95%E5%AE%98%E4%BA%B2%E5%8E%86%E7%9A%84%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E6%A1%88&rft.date=2008-04-08&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmw.cn%2FCONTENT%2F2008-04%2F08%2Fcontent_758970.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">对于此举,舒芜在晚年有自己的陈述,认为当时并不存在“交信”的问题,见:<cite class="citation web">赵倩. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sina.com.cn/cl/2004-08-18/13184066242.shtml">舒芜:走出“胡风事件”</a>. 时代人物周报. 2004年8月18日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-04-21</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050427102654/http://news.sina.com.cn/cl/2004-08-18/13184066242.shtml">存档</a>于2005-04-27) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>. <q>舒芜:“胡风事件” 对于我来说,最重要的就是“交信不交信”的问题。其实当时并不存在“交信”的问题。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E8%B5%B5%E5%80%A9&rft.btitle=%E8%88%92%E8%8A%9C%EF%BC%9A%E8%B5%B0%E5%87%BA%E2%80%9C%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E2%80%9D&rft.date=2004-08-18&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%A8%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sina.com.cn%2Fcl%2F2004-08-18%2F13184066242.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><cite class="citation web">许福芦. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gmw.cn/content/2004-07/02/content_51566.htm">我和胡风</a>. 光明网. 2004年7月2日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-04-21</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924043435/http://www.gmw.cn/content/2004-07/02/content_51566.htm">存档</a>于2015-09-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>. <q>我可以确切地说明一下,所谓“交信”,根本就不存在。我从来没有向任何人交过什么信。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E8%AE%B8%E7%A6%8F%E8%8A%A6&rft.btitle=%E6%88%91%E5%92%8C%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E&rft.date=2004-07-02&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%85%89%E6%98%8E%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmw.cn%2Fcontent%2F2004-07%2F02%2Fcontent_51566.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">晓风. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifengweekly.com/detil.php?id=2395">“胡风冤案”里的正义之声</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A4%E5%87%B0%E5%91%A8%E5%88%8A" title="凤凰周刊">凤凰周刊</a>. 2015-11-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-01-13</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200501004405/http://www.ifengweekly.com/detil.php?id=2395">存档</a>于2020-05-01) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.atitle=%E2%80%9C%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%86%A4%E6%A1%88%E2%80%9D%E9%87%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%89%E4%B9%8B%E5%A3%B0&rft.au=%E6%99%93%E9%A3%8E&rft.date=2015-11-25&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifengweekly.com%2Fdetil.php%3Fid%3D2395&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C" title="毛泽东">毛泽东</a>. 《建国以来毛泽东文稿》. : 第5卷第112—15页 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%BB%BA%E5%9B%BD%E4%BB%A5%E6%9D%A5%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%87%E7%A8%BF%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=%E7%AC%AC5%E5%8D%B7%E7%AC%AC112%E2%80%9415%E9%A1%B5&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">晓风. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3DFtAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT831&lpg=PT831&dq=%E5%88%98%E7%99%BD%E7%BE%BD+%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E&source=bl&ots=zIBL-q8ttY&sig=ONj20KU9t6DKY66iV0RV8AujzT4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjXlfLQtOrfAhXVHTQIHeG-C_kQ6AEwBXoECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=%E5%88%98%E7%99%BD%E7%BE%BD%20%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E&f=false">胡风传</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-01-13</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200501004524/https://books.google.com/books?id=3DFtAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT831&lpg=PT831&dq=%E5%88%98%E7%99%BD%E7%BE%BD+%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E&source=bl&ots=zIBL-q8ttY&sig=ONj20KU9t6DKY66iV0RV8AujzT4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjXlfLQtOrfAhXVHTQIHeG-C_kQ6AEwBXoECAUQAQ#v=onepage&q=%E5%88%98%E7%99%BD%E7%BE%BD%20%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E&f=false">存档</a>于2020-05-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E6%99%93%E9%A3%8E&rft.btitle=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E4%BC%A0&rft.genre=book&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3DFtAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT831%26lpg%3DPT831%26dq%3D%25E5%2588%2598%25E7%2599%25BD%25E7%25BE%25BD%2B%25E8%2583%25A1%25E9%25A3%258E%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DzIBL-q8ttY%26sig%3DONj20KU9t6DKY66iV0RV8AujzT4%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjXlfLQtOrfAhXVHTQIHeG-C_kQ6AEwBXoECAUQAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%25E5%2588%2598%25E7%2599%25BD%25E7%25BE%25BD%2520%25E8%2583%25A1%25E9%25A3%258E%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-“胡风案件”的前前后后-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-“胡风案件”的前前后后_29-0"><sup><b>29.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-“胡风案件”的前前后后_29-1"><sup><b>29.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-“胡风案件”的前前后后_29-2"><sup><b>29.2</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-“胡风案件”的前前后后_29-3"><sup><b>29.3</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-“胡风案件”的前前后后_29-4"><sup><b>29.4</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">孙振. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232320/http://www.mps.gov.cn/n2254860/n2254883/n2254884/c3590211/content.html">“胡风案件”的前前后后</a>. 《人民公安》2000年第02期. 2006-12-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-01-13</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mps.gov.cn/n2254860/n2254883/n2254884/c3590211/content.html">原始内容</a>存档于2019-01-13) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E5%AD%99%E6%8C%AF&rft.btitle=%E2%80%9C%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E6%A1%88%E4%BB%B6%E2%80%9D%E7%9A%84%E5%89%8D%E5%89%8D%E5%90%8E%E5%90%8E&rft.date=2006-12-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E3%80%8A%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%89%E3%80%8B2000%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC02%E6%9C%9F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mps.gov.cn%2Fn2254860%2Fn2254883%2Fn2254884%2Fc3590211%2Fcontent.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-吴廷俊-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-吴廷俊_30-0"><sup><b>30.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-吴廷俊_30-1"><sup><b>30.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">吴廷俊. 《中国新闻史新修》. 复旦大学出版社. 2008: 409–410. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-309-06146-8" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-309-06146-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-309-06146-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E5%90%B4%E5%BB%B7%E4%BF%8A&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0%E9%97%BB%E5%8F%B2%E6%96%B0%E4%BF%AE%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-309-06146-8&rft.pages=409-410&rft.pub=%E5%A4%8D%E6%97%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">胡风事件五十年祭,周正章,《粤海风杂志》2005年第三期。原文:“漫画小人书,估计不下千万册之数。我记得,这本连环漫画小人书,当时的城市居民是挨家挨户散发的。当时,迅速出版投入运动的书籍还有:《胡风这个反革命黑帮》(新知识出版社)、《胡风反革命集团的罪恶活动》(北京大众出版社)、《揭露胡风反革命集团的丑恶面貌》(湖北人民出版社)、《胡风反革命集团的丑恶嘴脸》、《坚决彻底粉碎胡风反革命集团》(人民出版社)、《胡风黑帮的灭亡及其他》(王若望著,新文艺出版社)、《讨论胡风文艺思想参考资料》第一至第五辑、《揭露胡风黑帮的罪行及其续编》(作协上海分会)、《胡风文艺思想批判论文汇集》第一至第六集(作家出版社)、《坚决彻底粉碎胡风反革命集团》(中国青年出版社)”</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200501004421/https://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/8625715.html?from=like">胡风反革命集团是中国人民的死敌.pdf</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-08-27</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ishare.iask.sina.com.cn/f/8625715.html?from=like">原始内容</a>存档于2020-05-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.btitle=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%98%AF%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E7%9A%84%E6%AD%BB%E6%95%8C.pdf&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fishare.iask.sina.com.cn%2Ff%2F8625715.html%3Ffrom%3Dlike&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%87%91" title="巴金">巴金</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olaf.blog.hexun.com/21808796_d.html">必须彻底打跨胡风反党集团</a>. 1955-05-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-03-30</span>]</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E5%B7%B4%E9%87%91&rft.btitle=%E5%BF%85%E9%A1%BB%E5%BD%BB%E5%BA%95%E6%89%93%E8%B7%A8%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E5%85%9A%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2&rft.date=1955-05-26&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Folaf.blog.hexun.com%2F21808796_d.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">散木. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090523032324/http://cn.qikan.com/Article/wsjh/wsjh200807/wsjh20080704.html">胡风的五封告别信</a>. 《文史精华》. 2008年第7期 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-03-31</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cn.qikan.com/Article/wsjh/wsjh200807/wsjh20080704.html">原始内容</a>存档于2009-05-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.atitle=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%94%E5%B0%81%E5%91%8A%E5%88%AB%E4%BF%A1&rft.au=%E6%95%A3%E6%9C%A8&rft.chron=2008%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC7%E6%9C%9F&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcn.qikan.com%2FArticle%2Fwsjh%2Fwsjh200807%2Fwsjh20080704.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">林蕴晖. 中国20世纪全史·卷七. 中国青年出版社. 2001: 446-447 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E6%9E%97%E8%95%B4%E6%99%96&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD20%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA%E5%85%A8%E5%8F%B2%C2%B7%E5%8D%B7%E4%B8%83&rft.date=2001&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=446-447&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%9D%92%E5%B9%B4%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-谢泳-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-谢泳_36-0"><sup><b>36.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-谢泳_36-1"><sup><b>36.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E6%B3%B3" title="谢泳">谢泳</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090523044912/http://www.tecn.cn/data/detail.php?id=11891">一段不应该被忘记的历史——从一份被遗落的文档看中国的政治文化</a>. 黄河. 2003 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-03-30</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tecn.cn/data/detail.php?id=11891">原始内容</a>存档于2009-05-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E8%B0%A2%E6%B3%B3&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%80%E6%AE%B5%E4%B8%8D%E5%BA%94%E8%AF%A5%E8%A2%AB%E5%BF%98%E8%AE%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E4%BB%8E%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%BD%E8%A2%AB%E9%81%97%E8%90%BD%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E6%A1%A3%E7%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&rft.date=2003&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E9%BB%84%E6%B2%B3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tecn.cn%2Fdata%2Fdetail.php%3Fid%3D11891&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/banyt/2005-01/25/content_2505298.htm">1955年胡风事件始末</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2008-03-28</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111083159/http://news.xinhuanet.com/banyt/2005-01/25/content_2505298.htm">存档</a>于2012-11-11).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.btitle=1955%E5%B9%B4%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E5%A7%8B%E6%9C%AB&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fbanyt%2F2005-01%2F25%2Fcontent_2505298.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090524234526/http://dangshi.hebei.com.cn/dsb/dsbc/userobject1ai683.html">毛泽东与“党的文艺总管”周扬</a>. 河北党史网. 2006-11-13 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-04-21</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dangshi.hebei.com.cn/dsb/dsbc/userobject1ai683.html">原始内容</a>存档于2009-05-24) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.btitle=%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C%E4%B8%8E%E2%80%9C%E5%85%9A%E7%9A%84%E6%96%87%E8%89%BA%E6%80%BB%E7%AE%A1%E2%80%9D%E5%91%A8%E6%89%AC&rft.date=2006-11-13&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E6%B2%B3%E5%8C%97%E5%85%9A%E5%8F%B2%E7%BD%91&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdangshi.hebei.com.cn%2Fdsb%2Fdsbc%2Fuserobject1ai683.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">屈超耘. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infzm.com/content/trs/raw/14533">舒芜与《说“难免”》</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%AB" title="南方周末">南方周末</a>. 2007年2月 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-05-10</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090523081643/http://www.infzm.com/content/trs/raw/14533">存档</a>于2009-05-23) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E5%B1%88%E8%B6%85%E8%80%98&rft.btitle=%E8%88%92%E8%8A%9C%E4%B8%8E%E3%80%8A%E8%AF%B4%E2%80%9C%E9%9A%BE%E5%85%8D%E2%80%9D%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2007-02&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%AB&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infzm.com%2Fcontent%2Ftrs%2Fraw%2F14533&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64165/70293/70322/4871804.html">1980年9月29日 中共中央批转《关于“胡风反革命集团”案件的复查报告》</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2009年5月23日]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129042829/http://cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64165/70293/70322/4871804.html">存档</a>于2014年11月29日).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.btitle=1980%E5%B9%B49%E6%9C%8829%E6%97%A5+%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%89%B9%E8%BD%AC%E3%80%8A%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E2%80%9C%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E2%80%9D%E6%A1%88%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E5%A4%8D%E6%9F%A5%E6%8A%A5%E5%91%8A%E3%80%8B&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcpc.people.com.cn%2FGB%2F64162%2F64165%2F70293%2F70322%2F4871804.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《人民日报》1988年1月16日</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">贺敬之. 贺敬之:关于胡风平反问题致《随笔》的一封信. <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%8F%E6%97%B6%E6%8A%A5" title="华夏时报">华夏时报</a>. 2004 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.atitle=%E8%B4%BA%E6%95%AC%E4%B9%8B%EF%BC%9A%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%8D%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E8%87%B4%E3%80%8A%E9%9A%8F%E7%AC%94%E3%80%8B%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%80%E5%B0%81%E4%BF%A1&rft.au=%E8%B4%BA%E6%95%AC%E4%B9%8B&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">使用<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code>需要含有<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#accessdate_missing_url" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">即中办发1988年6号文件,中央办公厅发出(1988)16号文件《关于为胡风同志进一步平反的补充通知》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E5%BF%97%E5%8D%8E" title="沈志华">沈志华</a>. 《思考与选择》中华人民共和国史第三卷. 香港中文大学出版社. 2008: 44. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-988-17274-3-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-988-17274-3-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-988-17274-3-5</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(繁體)网页">(中文(繁體))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E6%B2%88%E5%BF%97%E5%8D%8E&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%80%9D%E8%80%83%E4%B8%8E%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B2%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%B7&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-988-17274-3-5&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">中共中央批转公安部、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="中华人民共和国最高人民法院">最高人民法院</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E9%AB%98%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%A3%80%E5%AF%9F%E9%99%A2" title="中华人民共和国最高人民检察院">最高人民检察院</a>〈关于“胡风反革命集团”案件的答复报告〉(1980年9月29日),转引自李辉:《胡风集团案件始末》(北京,人民日报出版社,1989)pp.3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">刘国新. 中华人民共和国实录. 吉林人民出版社. 1994: 1222. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-206-02101-8" title="Special:网络书源/7-206-02101-8"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7-206-02101-8</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E5%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%B0&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%9E%E5%BD%95&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7-206-02101-8&rft.pages=1222&rft.pub=%E5%90%89%E6%9E%97%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">沈志华. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129022902/http://book.sina.com.cn/excerpt/sz/rw/2013-01-16/1611403553_2.shtml">强制改造:中共对知识分子地位的再认识(2)</a>. 摘自《处在十字路口的选择》. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2014-11-18</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://book.sina.com.cn/excerpt/sz/rw/2013-01-16/1611403553_2.shtml">原始内容</a>存档于2014-11-29) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.atitle=%E5%BC%BA%E5%88%B6%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%EF%BC%9A%E4%B8%AD%E5%85%B1%E5%AF%B9%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E5%9C%B0%E4%BD%8D%E7%9A%84%E5%86%8D%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%282%29&rft.au=%E6%B2%88%E5%BF%97%E5%8D%8E&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%91%98%E8%87%AA%E3%80%8A%E5%A4%84%E5%9C%A8%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E8%B7%AF%E5%8F%A3%E7%9A%84%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E3%80%8B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbook.sina.com.cn%2Fexcerpt%2Fsz%2Frw%2F2013-01-16%2F1611403553_2.shtml&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">李云. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/banyt/2005-01/25/content_2505298.htm">1955年胡风事件始末</a>. 2005-01-25 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2011-05-01</span>]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111083159/http://news.xinhuanet.com/banyt/2005-01/25/content_2505298.htm">存档</a>于2012-11-11) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E4%BA%91&rft.btitle=1955%E5%B9%B4%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E5%A7%8B%E6%9C%AB&rft.date=2005-01-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fbanyt%2F2005-01%2F25%2Fcontent_2505298.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>[ 1955年胡风事件始末]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">晓谷文. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160602023818/http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ac0d295010006qs.html~type%3Dv5_one%26label%3Drela_nextarticle">胡风回忆</a>. 《新文学史料》. 1996年第1期 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2018年1月17日]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4ac0d295010006qs.html~type=v5_one&label=rela_nextarticle">原始内容</a>存档于2016年6月2日) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.atitle=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%9B%9E%E5%BF%86&rft.au=%E6%99%93%E8%B0%B7%E6%96%87&rft.chron=1996%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC1%E6%9C%9F&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.sina.com.cn%2Fs%2Fblog_4ac0d295010006qs.html~type%3Dv5_one%26label%3Drela_nextarticle&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">李新宇. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129032305/http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4a16f9150100bto3.html">胡风案中的鲁迅</a>. 2009-02-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-03-31</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4a16f9150100bto3.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-11-29) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.atitle=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E6%A1%88%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E9%B2%81%E8%BF%85&rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%87&rft.date=2009-02-07&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.sina.com.cn%2Fs%2Fblog_4a16f9150100bto3.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-牛汉-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-牛汉_51-0"><sup><b>51.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-牛汉_51-1"><sup><b>51.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B1%89" title="牛汉">牛汉</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141129085124/http://news.163.com/09/0407/11/569VI572000120GR.html">牛汉:现代文学史要重写</a>. 《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%91%A8%E5%88%8A" title="南方人物周刊">南方人物周刊</a>》. 2009-04-07 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-04-10</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.163.com/09/0407/11/569VI572000120GR.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-11-29) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>. <q><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E6%B2%AB%E8%8B%A5" title="郭沫若">郭沫若</a>的回答是:鲁迅和大家一样,首先要改造思想,再根据改造的情况分配适当工作。以鲁迅的脾气是不会接受改造的,对不对?鲁迅身边亲近的朋友全被打成异己、“反党分子”、“右派”,一个没剩,是不是?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.atitle=%E7%89%9B%E6%B1%89%EF%BC%9A%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%E8%A6%81%E9%87%8D%E5%86%99&rft.au=%E7%89%9B%E6%B1%89&rft.date=2009-04-07&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.163.com%2F09%2F0407%2F11%2F569VI572000120GR.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%99%E4%B8%96%E5%AD%98" title="余世存">余世存</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090522053649/http://www.housebook.com.cn/2k01/4.htm">在迷失和回归之间——我眼中的舒芜</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B9%A6%E5%B1%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="书屋(页面不存在)">书屋</a>. 二000年第一期 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2009-03-30</span>]</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.housebook.com.cn/2k01/4.htm">原始内容</a>存档于2009-05-22) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.atitle=%E5%9C%A8%E8%BF%B7%E5%A4%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%9E%E5%BD%92%E4%B9%8B%E9%97%B4%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E6%88%91%E7%9C%BC%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%88%92%E8%8A%9C&rft.au=%E4%BD%99%E4%B8%96%E5%AD%98&rft.chron=%E4%BA%8C%EF%BC%90%EF%BC%90%EF%BC%90%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%9C%9F&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.housebook.com.cn%2F2k01%2F4.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">何满子. 《无法回避的人物》. 《出版广角》. 1999年第五期 <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(简体)网页">(中文(简体))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%97%A0%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%9E%E9%81%BF%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E3%80%8B&rft.au=%E4%BD%95%E6%BB%A1%E5%AD%90&rft.chron=1999%E5%B9%B4%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%9F&rft.genre=article&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">中央十人小组在给中共中央的报告中承认,在肃反中自杀死人的情况比较严重。陕西省档案馆,123-40-1,pp.128-132</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8E%E9%A3%8E%E6%94%BF" title="于风政">于风政</a>:《改造》pp.429-430</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E5%BF%97%E5%8D%8E" title="沈志华">沈志华</a>. 《思考与选择》中华人民共和国史第三卷. <a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="香港中文大学">香港中文大学</a>出版社. 2008: 47. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-988-17274-3-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-988-17274-3-5"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-988-17274-3-5</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文(繁體)网页">(中文(繁體))</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.au=%E6%B2%88%E5%BF%97%E5%8D%8E&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E6%80%9D%E8%80%83%E4%B8%8E%E9%80%89%E6%8B%A9%E3%80%8B%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%B2%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%8D%B7&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-988-17274-3-5&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF2009" class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1387278/">Storm Under the Sun</a>, IMBD, 2009年 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2010-10-23</span>]</span>, (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090409142005/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1387278/">存档</a>于2009-04-09) <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">(英语)</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&rft.btitle=Storm+Under+the+Sun&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=IMBD&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt1387278%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A2%E6%A1%88&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节:延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><small>按出版时间排序</small>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%85%E5%BF%97" title="梅志">梅志</a>,《胡风沉冤录》,科学出版社,1989年(由作者三本合辑出版——《往事如烟》1987;三联 《伴囚记》1988,工人;《在高墙内》1989,工人)</li> <li>路莘,《受难者的妻子们:胡风冤案中的女性》,花城出版社,1990年,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787536006270" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9787536006270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E6%B3%BD%E4%B8%9C" title="毛泽东">毛泽东</a>,《毛泽东选集》,人民出版社,1991年12月1日,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787010009223" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-7-01-000922-3</a></li> <li>戴光中,《胡风传》宁夏人民出版社,1994年12月第1版 <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7227013995" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 7-227-01399-5</a></li> <li>张中晓、路莘,《无梦楼随笔》,上海远东出版社,1996年,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787806132173" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9787806132173</a></li> <li>李辉,《胡风集团冤案始末》, 湖北人民出版社,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787216035569" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-7-216-03556-9</a> /《文坛悲歌》,花城出版社,1998年1月第1版,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787536026742" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-7-5360-2674-2</a></li> <li>万同林,《殉道者胡风及其同仁们》,山东画报出版社,1998年5月第1版 <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787806031957" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-7-80603-195-7</a></li> <li>梅志、晓风合著,《胡风:死人复活的时候》,中国青年出版社,1999年1月1日,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787500633440" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9787500633440</a></li> <li>彭小莲,《他们的岁月》,上海文艺出版社,2001年,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787532120284" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9787532120284</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E9%A3%8E" title="胡风">胡风</a>,《胡风三十万言书》,湖北人民出版社,2003年1月1日,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787216035552" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-7-216-03555-2</a></li> <li>林希,《白色花劫——“胡风反革命集团”冤案大纪实连载》,长江文艺出版社,2003年1月1日,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/753541771X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 7-5354-1771-X</a></li> <li>路莘,《三十万言30年》,宁夏人民出版社,2007年10月,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787227034322" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9787227034322</a></li> <li>晓风,《我的父亲胡风》,湖北人民出版社,2007年2月,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787216044998" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-7-216-04499-8</a></li> <li>于静,《旧物记:胡风遗藏纪事》,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%B1%80" class="mw-disambig" title="中华书局">中华书局</a>,2008年6月10日,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787101061284" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9787101061284</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E6%B1%89" title="牛汉">牛汉</a>,《我仍在苦苦跋涉——牛汉自述》,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%81%AF%E6%9B%B8%E5%BA%97" class="mw-disambig" title="三聯書店">三联书店</a>,2008年7月,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787108028709" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-7-108-02870-9</a></li> <li>王文正,《我所亲历的胡风案(全新修订本)》, 当代中国出版社,2015年8月,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787515406022" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9787515406022</a></li> <li>魏时煜,《胡风:诗人理想与政治风暴》,香港城市大学出版社,2017年6月,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9789629372590" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9789629372590</a></li></ul> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="width:100%;padding:0px;line-height: 1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%9F%E8%A5%BF%E7%9C%81%E8%98%87%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%83%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="江西省蘇維埃政府時期(页面不存在)">江西省蘇維埃政府時期</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8DAB%E5%9C%98" title="反AB團">反AB團</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%8C%E7%94%B0%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%98" title="富田事变">富田事变</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%91%9E%E9%87%91%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瑞金時期(页面不存在)">瑞金時期</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%91%E5%8F%A3%E4%BA%8B%E5%8F%98" title="坑口事变">肃反社会民主党运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%9B%80%E5%9B%AD%E8%82%83%E5%8F%8D" title="白雀园肃反">白雀园肃反</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%98%E9%84%82%E8%A5%BF%E8%8B%8F%E5%8C%BA%E8%82%83%E5%8F%8D" title="湘鄂西苏区肃反">湘鄂西肃反</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E7%BD%97%E6%98%8E%E8%B7%AF%E7%BA%BF" title="反罗明路线">反罗明路线</a></li> <li><a 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E7%A7%81%E5%90%88%E8%90%A5" title="公私合营">公私合营</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%85%E6%B8%85%E6%9A%97%E8%97%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%8D%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%88%86%E5%AD%90%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="肅清暗藏的反革命分子運動">肃反运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%B8%A3%E5%A4%A7%E6%94%BE" title="大鸣大放">大鸣大放</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%8F%B3%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="反右运动">反右运动</a><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%93%E5%B0%8F%E5%B9%B3" title="邓小平">邓小平</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E9%9D%A2%E7%BA%A2%E6%97%97" title="三面红旗">三面红旗</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%AC%E7%A4%BE" title="人民公社">人民公社化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%B7%83%E8%BF%9B" title="大跃进">大跃进</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%BE%E6%80%BB%E8%B7%AF%E7%BA%BF" title="社会主义建设总路线">總路線</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%8D%AB%E6%98%9F" title="放卫星">放卫星</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%93%E9%BA%BB%E9%9B%80%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="打麻雀运动">打麻雀</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%9B%E9%98%9F%E5%8F%8D%E6%95%99%E6%9D%A1%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="军队反教条主义运动(页面不存在)">军队反教条主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%8F%B3%E5%80%BE%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="反右倾运动">反右倾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%A0%E8%AF%9A%E8%80%81%E5%AE%9E%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E8%87%AA%E8%A7%89%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="忠诚老实政治自觉运动">忠诚老实政治自觉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E6%B5%AA%E8%B4%B9%E5%8F%8D%E4%BF%9D%E5%AE%88%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="反浪费反保守运动">反浪费反保守</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B8%85%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="四清运动">社会主义教育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E6%B8%85%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="四清运动">四清</a><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E5%B0%91%E5%A5%87" title="刘少奇">刘少奇</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E9%9B%B7%E9%94%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="学雷锋">学雷锋</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E4%B8%9A%E5%AD%A6%E5%A4%A7%E5%AF%A8" title="农业学大寨">农业学大寨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%AD%B8%E5%A4%A7%E6%85%B6" title="工業學大慶">工业学大庆</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E5%86%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="全国学习人民解放军(页面不存在)">全国学习人民解放军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="文化大革命">文化大革命</a><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%B0%8F%E7%BB%84" title="中央文化革命小组">中央文革小组</a>)</small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E4%B9%A1%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="上山下乡运动">上山下乡运动</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E6%89%93%E4%B8%89%E5%8F%8D%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="一打三反運動">一打三反</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E6%9E%97%E6%89%B9%E5%AD%94%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="批林批孔运动">批林批孔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B9%E9%82%93%E3%80%81%E5%8F%8D%E5%87%BB%E5%8F%B3%E5%80%BE%E7%BF%BB%E6%A1%88%E9%A3%8E" title="批邓、反击右倾翻案风">批邓、反击右倾翻案风</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #bF0404; color: #FCE795;">华国锋时期</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%AD%E6%89%B9%E6%9F%A5%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="揭批查运动">揭批查</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #bF0404; color: #FCE795;">邓小平时期</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%90%86%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%A4%A7%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA" title="真理标准大讨论">真理标准大讨论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%8D%E5%86%A4%E5%81%87%E9%94%99%E6%A1%88" title="平反冤假错案">平反冤假错案</a><small>(<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E8%80%80%E9%82%A6" title="胡耀邦">胡耀邦</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%90%86%E4%B8%89%E7%A7%8D%E4%BA%BA" title="清理三种人">清理三种人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B4%E5%85%9A_(1983-1987%E5%B9%B4)" title="整党 (1983-1987年)">整党</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E9%99%A4%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93" title="清除精神污染">清除精神污染</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A5%E5%8E%89%E6%89%93%E5%87%BB%E5%88%91%E4%BA%8B%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA%E6%B4%BB%E5%8A%A8_(1983%E5%B9%B4)" title="严厉打击刑事犯罪活动 (1983年)">1983年严打</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%AE%B2%E5%9B%9B%E7%BE%8E%E4%B8%89%E7%83%AD%E7%88%B1" title="五讲四美三热爱">五讲四美三热爱</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%AF%B9%E8%B5%84%E4%BA%A7%E9%98%B6%E7%BA%A7%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%8C%96" title="反对资产阶级自由化">反对资产阶级自由化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E6%BC%94%E5%8F%98" title="反和平演变">反和平演变</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #bF0404; color: #FCE795;">江泽民时期</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E8%AE%B2%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="三讲教育">三讲教育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%84%9B%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2" title="中華人民共和國愛國主義教育">爱国主义教育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E2%80%9C%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%AA%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E2%80%9D%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%80%9D%E6%83%B3" title="“三个代表”重要思想">学习实践“三个代表”</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #bF0404; color: #FCE795;">胡锦涛时期</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E8%A7%82" title="科学发展观">学习实践科学发展观</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E8%B0%90%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A" title="和谐社会">构建和谐社会</a></li> <li><a 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