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href="/w/index.php?title=Bangladesh_Parliament&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Parliament">Bangladesh Parliament</a>)</span></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Sangsad" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Sansad_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Sansad (disambiguation)">Sansad</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p>The <b>Jatiya Sangsad</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">জাতীয় সংসদ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Bengali" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Bengali">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Bengali-language romanization"><i lang="bn-Latn">Jatiyô Shôngshôd</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'National Parliament'), often simply referred to as <b>Sangsad</b> and also known as the <b>House of the Nation</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-gov.bd_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov.bd-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the supreme <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative body</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>. The current parliament of Bangladesh contains 350 seats,<sup id="cite_ref-gov.bd_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov.bd-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including 50 seats reserved exclusively for women. Elected occupants are called <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Bangladesh)" title="Member of Parliament (Bangladesh)">members of Parliament</a>, or MPs. The <a href="/wiki/2024_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="2024 Bangladeshi general election">12th national parliamentary election</a> was held on 7 January 2024. Elections to the body are held every five years, unless a parliament is dissolved earlier by the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Bangladesh" title="President of Bangladesh">President of Bangladesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 August 2024, President <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shahabuddin" title="Mohammed Shahabuddin">Mohammed Shahabuddin</a> dissolved parliament after the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a> and ordered to form an <a href="/wiki/2024_Bangladesh_Interim_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Bangladesh Interim Government">interim government</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; border-top: 2px solid green; border-bottom: 2px solid green"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Jatiya Sangsad</div> <br><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">জাতীয় সংসদ</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Currently dissolved<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br>Most recent: <a href="/wiki/12th_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="12th Jatiya Sangsad">12th Sangsad</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Coat of arms or logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Emblem_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg/140px-Emblem_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Emblem_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg/210px-Emblem_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Emblem_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg/280px-Emblem_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Emblem" title="Emblem">Emblem of the Sangsad</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of the Jatiya Sangsad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg/180px-Flag_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg/270px-Flag_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg/360px-Flag_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag" title="Flag">Flag of the Jatiya Sangsad</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid green; border-bottom: 2px solid green">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Unicameralism" title="Unicameralism">Unicameral</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid green; border-bottom: 2px solid green">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">7 March 1973<span class="noprint"> (51 years ago)</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1973-03-07</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Bangladesh" title="Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh">Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid green; border-bottom: 2px solid green">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad">Speaker</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Parliament dissolved <br>since <a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(2024)#Interim_government_formation" title="Non-cooperation movement (2024)">6 August 2024</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_and_deputy_speakers_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad#Deputy_speakers" title="List of speakers and deputy speakers of the Jatiya Sangsad">Deputy Speaker</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Parliament dissolved <br>since 6 August 2024 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Bangladesh)" title="Leader of the House (Bangladesh)">Leader of the House</a><br><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">Prime Minister</a>)</span></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Parliament dissolved <br>since 5 August 2024 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_(Bangladesh)" title="Chief Whip (Bangladesh)">Chief Whip</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Parliament dissolved <br>since 6 August 2024 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Bangladesh)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Bangladesh)">Leader of the Opposition</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Parliament dissolved <br>since 6 August 2024 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Leader_of_the_Opposition" class="mw-redirect" title="Deputy Leader of the Opposition">Deputy Leader of the Opposition</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Parliament dissolved <br>since 6 August 2024 </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Secretary of the Jatiya Sangsad">Secretary</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em">Dr. Md. Anwar Ullah <br>since 27 September 2024 </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid green; border-bottom: 2px solid green">Structure</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seats</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Parliament </b> dissolved <b><br><a href="/wiki/Casual_vacancy" title="Casual vacancy"><i>Vacant</i></a> (350)</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Length of term</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Up to five years</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid green; border-bottom: 2px solid green">Elections</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_system" title="Electoral system">Voting system</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">300 seats directly elected via <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">first past the post</a><br>50 seats reserved for women, allocated via <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> of elected members</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">First election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1973_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="1973 Bangladeshi general election">7 March 1973</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Last election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2024_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="2024 Bangladeshi general election">7 January 2024</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Next election</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Next_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="Next Bangladeshi general election">TBA</a></i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid green; border-bottom: 2px solid green">Meeting place</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sangshad_Assembly_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Sangshad_Assembly_Hall.jpg/220px-Sangshad_Assembly_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Sangshad_Assembly_Hall.jpg/330px-Sangshad_Assembly_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Sangshad_Assembly_Hall.jpg/440px-Sangshad_Assembly_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="608"></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data label"><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad_Bhaban" title="Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban">Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban</a>,<br><a href="/wiki/Sher-e-Bangla_Nagar" title="Sher-e-Bangla Nagar">Sher-e-Bangla Nagar</a>,<br><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>, Bangladesh</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid green; border-bottom: 2px solid green">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.gov.bd">www<wbr></wbr>.parliament<wbr></wbr>.gov<wbr></wbr>.bd</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 2px solid green; border-bottom: 2px solid green">Constitution</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Constitution of Bangladesh">Constitution of Bangladesh</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <p>The leader of the party (or alliance of parties) holding the majority of seats becomes the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">Prime Minister of Bangladesh</a>, and so the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of the government</a>. The President of Bangladesh, the ceremonial <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, is chosen by Parliament. Since the December 2008 national election, the <a href="/wiki/Majority" title="Majority">majority</a> party has been the <a href="/wiki/Awami_League" title="Awami League">Awami League</a> led by former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a>. The parliament has been dissolved by President <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Shahabuddin" title="Mohammed Shahabuddin">Mohammed Shahabuddin</a> on 6 August 2024 following the resignation of Sheikh Hasina.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Constituencies"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Constituencies</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Membership"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Membership</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Floor_crossing"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Floor crossing</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Debate_about_the_provision"><span class="tocnumber">4.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Debate about the provision</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Double_membership"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Double membership</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Powers_and_rights"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Powers and rights</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Past_parliamentary_election_results"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Past parliamentary election results</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Organisation"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Organisation</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Parliamentary_groups"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Parliamentary groups</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Executive_bodies"><span class="tocnumber">7.2</span> <span class="toctext">Executive bodies</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Committees"><span class="tocnumber">7.3</span> <span class="toctext">Committees</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Structures"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Structures</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#Parliament_House"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Parliament House</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Sangsad_Library"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sangsad Library</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Sangsad_Television"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Sangsad Television</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The Constitution of Bangladesh designates the official name of the legislature <b>Jatiya Sangsad</b> (<span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">জাতীয় সংসদ</span></span>) in Bengali and <b>House of the Nation</b> in English. The term <i>Sangsad</i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Bengali pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="bn-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bengali" title="Help:IPA/Bengali">[ˈʃɔŋʃɔd̪]</a></span>), a Bengali word for "Parliament", derives from the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> word <span title="International Alphabet of Sanskrit transliteration"><i lang="sa-Latn">saṃsada</i></span> (<abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">gathering</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> or <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">assembly</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>). The Bengali word Jatiya means National, hence, the name Jatiya Sangsad translates to National Parliament. The legislature is commonly known as Parliament and often referred to simply as the <i><b>Sangsad</b></i> or <b>JS</b>. </p><p>The term "<a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Bangladesh)" title="Member of Parliament (Bangladesh)">member of Parliament</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>: <span lang="bn">সংসদ সদস্য</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Bengali" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Bengali">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Bengali-language romanization"><i lang="bn-Latn">Saṁsad sadasya</i></span>) refers to both the 300 elected members and the 50 nominated women members of the Sangsad. The title is almost always shortened to the <a href="/wiki/Initialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Initialism">initialism</a> "MP" and often referred to simply as the <i>Sāṁsada</i> in Bengali. Members of Parliament are entitled to use the prefix "The Honourable" (Bengali: <span lang="bn">মাননীয়</span>, <small>romanized: </small><span title="Bengali-language romanization"><i lang="bn-Latn">Mānanīẏo</i></span>). </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2.%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/2.%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8.jpg/220px-2.%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/2.%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8.jpg/220px-2.%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/2.%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8.jpg/330px-2.%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/2.%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8.jpg/440px-2.%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Legislative complex in Sher-e-Bangla Nagar</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Legislatures_of_British_India" title="Legislatures of British India">Legislatures of British India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Legislative_Council" title="Bengal Legislative Council">Bengal Legislative Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bengal_and_Assam_Legislative_Council" title="Eastern Bengal and Assam Legislative Council">Eastern Bengal and Assam Legislative Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Legislative_Assembly" title="Bengal Legislative Assembly">Bengal Legislative Assembly</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Pakistan_Provincial_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="East Pakistan Provincial Assembly">East Pakistan Provincial Assembly</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Bangladesh" title="Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh">Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh</a></div> <p>The Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh was established on 10 April 1972 after the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">Bangladesh Liberation War</a> to prepare a democratic <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Constitution of Bangladesh">constitution</a> and served as its first parliament as an independent nation. The assembly approved the constitution on 4 November 1972, and it took effect on 16 December<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Constituent Assembly became the Provisional Parliament of Bangladesh until the first elections under the new constitution took place in 1973. </p><p>Until 10 July 1981 the Constituent Assembly, and the first and second parliaments held their sittings in the building that now houses the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister%27s_Office_(Bangladesh)" title="Prime Minister's Office (Bangladesh)">Prime Minister's Office</a> and which is often referred to as the old Sangsad Bhaban (old Parliament House). The opening ceremony of the present Parliament House was performed on 15 February 1982. The last session of the second parliament was held in the new house on 15 February 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Constituencies">Constituencies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Constituencies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Bangladesh">List of Parliamentary constituencies in Bangladesh</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ge%C3%A4nderte_Wahlkreise_2013_Bangladesch.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ge%C3%A4nderte_Wahlkreise_2013_Bangladesch.svg/220px-Ge%C3%A4nderte_Wahlkreise_2013_Bangladesch.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1541" data-file-height="1881"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 269px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ge%C3%A4nderte_Wahlkreise_2013_Bangladesch.svg/220px-Ge%C3%A4nderte_Wahlkreise_2013_Bangladesch.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="269" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ge%C3%A4nderte_Wahlkreise_2013_Bangladesch.svg/330px-Ge%C3%A4nderte_Wahlkreise_2013_Bangladesch.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ge%C3%A4nderte_Wahlkreise_2013_Bangladesch.svg/440px-Ge%C3%A4nderte_Wahlkreise_2013_Bangladesch.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Parliamentary constituencies in Bangladesh</figcaption></figure> <p>The maximum strength of the Parliament envisaged by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Constitution of Bangladesh">Constitution of Bangladesh</a> is 350, which is made up of the general election of 300 members to represent 300 parliamentary constituencies and 50 seats reserved for women, which are apportioned to elected party positions in the parliament. The electoral districts are referred to as "<i>Nirbācanī ēlākā</i>" (<span title="Bengali-language text"><span lang="bn">নির্বাচনী এলাকা</span></span>) in <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, which can be literally translated to English as "electoral area" though the official English translation for the term is "constituency". The term "Nirbācanī ēlākā" is used while referring to an electoral district in general. The constituencies are arranged to coincide with the administrative <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Bangladesh" title="Districts of Bangladesh">districts of Bangladesh</a>, distributed among the proportion to their population. Numbers may vary from two to twenty members per district. The seats are indicated with the district name suffixed by a number (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Panchagarh-1" title="Panchagarh-1">Panchagarh-1</a> or <a href="/wiki/Jessore-6" title="Jessore-6">Jessore-6</a>). Each constituency is represented by a single member of Parliament, and is elected by the <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post" class="mw-redirect" title="First-past-the-post">first-past-the-post</a> system. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Membership">Membership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Membership" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>Article 66 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Constitution of Bangladesh">Constitution</a> makes membership open to any citizen of Bangladesh and <i>only</i> to citizens above the age of 25; dual citizenship is possible for civilians in Bangladesh, but not for MPs who must not hold any other citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-cons_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Members are elected by direct polling in their respective constituencies. Whoever wins the most votes, regardless of turnout or proportion, wins the election. Members are elected for a term of five years,<sup id="cite_ref-cons_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the entire Parliament dissolving five years after the swearing-in. Members can be re-elected indefinitely, and so have no term limits. They may be independent or affiliated with a <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Bangladesh" title="List of political parties in Bangladesh">political party</a>. </p><p>Members must not have served time in prison for more than two years to be eligible, unless they served this period five years prior to the general election date.<sup id="cite_ref-cons_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Article 67<sup id="cite_ref-cons_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> states that members <a href="/wiki/Absent_without_leave" class="mw-redirect" title="Absent without leave">absent without leave</a> for 90 consecutive sitting days will lose their membership. Any ambiguity regarding membership will be resolved by the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Election_Commission" title="Bangladesh Election Commission">Bangladesh Election Commission</a>. Attending sessions without being a member (even if memberships are cancelled in retrospect) results in a <a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_taka" title="Bangladeshi taka">BDT</a>1,000 (US$11.75) fine per day, per Article 69.<sup id="cite_ref-cons_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Floor_crossing">Floor crossing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Floor crossing" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Article 70 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Constitution of Bangladesh">Constitution</a> makes <a href="/wiki/Floor_crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Floor crossing">floor crossing</a> illegal.<sup id="cite_ref-cons_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-art70_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-art70-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members engaging in floor crossing lose their membership immediately.<sup id="cite_ref-cons_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Floor crossing is described in the Constitution as:<sup id="cite_ref-cons_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Resignation from the political party that nominated the member,</li> <li>Voting against the nominating party, or</li> <li>Abstaining from voting, either by abstention or absence and against the directive of the party <a href="/wiki/Whip_(politics)" title="Whip (politics)">Whip</a>.</li></ul> <p>The only case of floor crossing in Bangladeshi history due the stringent article was when members <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Mannan_(politician,_born_1942)" title="Abdul Mannan (politician, born 1942)">M. A. Mannan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahi_B._Chowdhury" title="Mahi B. Chowdhury">Mahi B. Chowdhury</a> defected from the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_National_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh National Party">Bangladesh National Party</a> to form a new party, <a href="/wiki/Bikolpo_Dhara" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikolpo Dhara">Bikolpo Dhara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fresh <a href="/wiki/By-elections" class="mw-redirect" title="By-elections">by-elections</a> were held soon after the seats were vacated. Mahi B. Chowdhury retained his seat under the new party, whereas Mannan lost. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Debate_about_the_provision">Debate about the provision</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Debate about the provision" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>As most candidates are elected by the funding, support and brand name of the party, and resignation from the party is considered to void the choice of the people.<sup id="cite_ref-art70_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-art70-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prime objective of banning floor crossing is to prevent members from joining other parties for personal gains or to induce disloyalty.<sup id="cite_ref-art70_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-art70-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is crucial in marginal majorities, where a few members voting against the majority essentially changes the government party in power causing political instability.<sup id="cite_ref-art70_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-art70-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The negative effects are broad however such as stopping members from speaking out against bad policies pitched by their party or voting against their party on legislation.<sup id="cite_ref-art70_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-art70-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is considered harmful to parliamentary democracy, as the ban forces members to agree with their party leaders regardless of their own opinions or the opinions of their constituents.<sup id="cite_ref-art70_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-art70-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Double_membership">Double membership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Double membership" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Article 71 of the Constitution allows eligible people to be candidates in more than one constituency.<sup id="cite_ref-cons_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, if elected from multiple seats, the member must vacate all but one seat.<sup id="cite_ref-bypoll_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bypoll-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is usually the custom for prominent politicians, especially party leaders to stand in multiple constituencies.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/2008_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="2008 Bangladeshi general election">the 2008 election</a> Awami League leader <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a>, prominent AL figure (and later <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Bangladesh">prime minister of Bangladesh</a>) <a href="/wiki/Zillur_Rahman" title="Zillur Rahman">Zillur Rahman</a>, BNP leader <a href="/wiki/Khaleda_Zia" title="Khaleda Zia">Khaleda Zia</a> and Jatiya Party leader <a href="/wiki/H_M_Ershad" class="mw-redirect" title="H M Ershad">H M Ershad</a> all were candidates in the maximum possible number of constituencies.<sup id="cite_ref-bypoll_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bypoll-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Powers_and_rights">Powers and rights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Powers and rights" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Article_70_of_the_Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Article 70 of the Constitution of Bangladesh">Article 70 of the Constitution of Bangladesh</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/President_of_Bangladesh" title="President of Bangladesh">president of Bangladesh</a> appoints a <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bangladesh" title="Government of Bangladesh">cabinet</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Bangladesh" title="Prime Minister of Bangladesh">prime minister</a> and other ministers from among the members.<sup id="cite_ref-cons_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The prime minister must be a parliamentarian, and so must at least 90% of the ministers.<sup id="cite_ref-technocrat_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-technocrat-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gov_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The president must appoint a prime minister who, in his reasoned opinion, commands the confidence of the majority of the House.<sup id="cite_ref-gov_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gov-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cabinet remains answerable to the Parliament and the president.<sup id="cite_ref-cons_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The president of Bangladesh is elected by the Parliament through open <a href="/wiki/Ballot" title="Ballot">ballot</a> voting.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, the opposition party seldom nominates a candidate and the governing party nominee is uncontested. Current President Mohammed Shahabuddin and previous presidents Abdul Hamid, Zillur Rahman,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Iajuddin_Ahmed" title="Iajuddin Ahmed">Iajuddin Ahmed</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/A._Q._M._Badruddoza_Chowdhury" title="A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury">A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Shahabuddin_Ahmed" title="Shahabuddin Ahmed">Shahabuddin Ahmed</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were all elected unopposed. The Parliament can also impeach the president by a two-thirds majority.<sup id="cite_ref-cons_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Parliament can form any parliamentary standing committees as it sees fit such as for the purposes of examining bills, reviewing government policy and any other matter of public importance.<sup id="cite_ref-cons_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>de facto</i> power of the committees has always been nominal however; the <i>de jure</i> power too is ambiguous,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> especially after the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Bangladesh" title="Supreme Court of Bangladesh">Supreme Court</a> ruled that it was not answerable to summons from parliamentary committees and senior civil servants rarely being brought before committees to answer for public administrative decisions.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In practice, the Parliament has been regarded as a <a href="/wiki/Rubber_stamp_(politics)" title="Rubber stamp (politics)">rubber stamp</a> body as MPs cannot <a href="/wiki/Cross_the_floor" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross the floor">cross the floor</a>, have <a href="/wiki/Free_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Free vote">free votes</a> (vote against their party whip) or pass <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motions of no confidence</a> due to <a href="/wiki/Article_70_of_the_Constitution_of_Bangladesh" title="Article 70 of the Constitution of Bangladesh">Article 70 of the Constitution of Bangladesh</a>. This article imposes ultra-strict <a href="/wiki/Party_discipline" title="Party discipline">party discipline</a> on the chamber; any MP voting against their party automatically loses their seat. Political scientists, judges in the Supreme Court, public intellectuals, newspapers and journalists, civil rights activists and many members of parliament have demanded reform of the article. </p><p>Critics argue Article 70 tramples <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a> and freedom of conscience and is a violation of the constitution's fundamental rights. Additionally, it significantly limits the checks and balances on the prime minister, as there are few means by which s/he can be legally dismissed under the constitution or even held to basic scrutiny with repercussions. In Bangladesh, the parliament usually reflects the will of the government, not vice versa as in a well-functioning parliamentary democracy. The checks and balances then formed on the prime minister and their cabinet are by civil servants in the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Administrative_Service" title="Bangladesh Administrative Service">Bangladesh Administrative Service</a> and the courts, which are usually too docile to challenge the executive. </p><p>Article 78 of the Constitution provides immunity for the speeches, actions and votes of the Members within parliamentary sessions, and so members are not answerable for any such actions to the courts.<sup id="cite_ref-cons_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The parliament itself is vested with the power to provide <a href="/wiki/Indemnity" title="Indemnity">indemnity</a> to anybody in service of the nation under Article 46.<sup id="cite_ref-cons_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cons-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This allowed the 2nd parliament in 1979 to ratify the <a href="/wiki/Indemnity_Act,_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Indemnity Act, Bangladesh">Indemnity Ordinance</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Past_parliamentary_election_results">Past parliamentary election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Past parliamentary election results" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bangladesh" title="Elections in Bangladesh">Elections in Bangladesh</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_Elections_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly Elections in Bangladesh">National Assembly Elections in Bangladesh</a></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Legislature </th> <th colspan="2">Majority </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Bangladesh)" title="Leader of the House (Bangladesh)">Leader of House</a> </th> <th>Opposition </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Bangladesh)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Bangladesh)">Leader of the Opposition</a> </th> <th>List of members </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1973_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="1973 Bangladeshi general election">1st Parliament</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#006a4e; color:white;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Awami League">Bangladesh Awami League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Mujibur_Rahman" title="Sheikh Mujibur Rahman">Sheikh Mujibur Rahman</a> </td> <td><i>None</i> </td> <td><i>None</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_1st_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="List of members of the 1st Jatiya Sangsad">List of members of the 1st Jatiya Sangsad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1979_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="1979 Bangladeshi general election">2nd Parliament</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#0087DC; color:white;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">Bangladesh Nationalist Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Shah_Azizur_Rahman" title="Shah Azizur Rahman">Shah Azizur Rahman</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Awami League">Bangladesh Awami League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Asaduzzaman_Khan_(politician,_born_1916)" title="Asaduzzaman Khan (politician, born 1916)">Asaduzzaman Khan</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_2nd_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="List of members of the 2nd Jatiya Sangsad">List of members of the 2nd Jatiya Sangsad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1986_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="1986 Bangladeshi general election">3rd Parliament</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#F6F600; color:white;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Ershad)" title="Jatiya Party (Ershad)">Jatiya Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mizanur_Rahman_Chowdhury" title="Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury">Mizanur Rahman Chowdhury</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Awami League">Bangladesh Awami League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_3rd_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="List of members of the 3rd Jatiya Sangsad">List of members of the 3rd Jatiya Sangsad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1988_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="1988 Bangladeshi general election">4th Parliament</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#F6F600; color:white;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Ershad)" title="Jatiya Party (Ershad)">Jatiya Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kazi_Zafar_Ahmed" title="Kazi Zafar Ahmed">Kazi Zafar Ahmed</a> </td> <td>Coalition opposition </td> <td><a href="/wiki/A._S._M._Abdur_Rab" title="A. S. M. Abdur Rab">A. S. M. Abdur Rab</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_4th_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="List of members of the 4th Jatiya Sangsad">List of members of the 4th Jatiya Sangsad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/1991_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="1991 Bangladeshi general election">5th Parliament</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#0087DC; color:white;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">Bangladesh Nationalist Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khaleda_Zia" title="Khaleda Zia">Khaleda Zia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Awami League">Bangladesh Awami League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_5th_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="List of members of the 5th Jatiya Sangsad">List of members of the 5th Jatiya Sangsad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/February_1996_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="February 1996 Bangladeshi general election">6th Parliament</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#0087DC; color:white;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">Bangladesh Nationalist Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khaleda_Zia" title="Khaleda Zia">Khaleda Zia</a> </td> <td><i>None</i> </td> <td><i>None</i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_6th_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="List of members of the 6th Jatiya Sangsad">List of members of the 6th Jatiya Sangsad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/June_1996_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="June 1996 Bangladeshi general election">7th Parliament</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#006a4e; color:white;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Awami League">Bangladesh Awami League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">BNP</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khaleda_Zia" title="Khaleda Zia">Khaleda Zia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_7th_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="List of members of the 7th Jatiya Sangsad">List of members of the 7th Jatiya Sangsad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/2001_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="2001 Bangladeshi general election">8th Parliament</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#0087DC; color:white;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">Bangladesh Nationalist Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khaleda_Zia" title="Khaleda Zia">Khaleda Zia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Awami League">Bangladesh Awami League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_8th_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="List of members of the 8th Jatiya Sangsad">List of members of the 8th Jatiya Sangsad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/2008_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="2008 Bangladeshi general election">9th Parliament</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#006a4e; color:white;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Awami League">Bangladesh Awami League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">BNP</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Khaleda_Zia" title="Khaleda Zia">Khaleda Zia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_9th_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="List of members of the 9th Jatiya Sangsad">List of members of the 9th Jatiya Sangsad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/2014_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="2014 Bangladeshi general election">10th Parliament</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#006a4e; color:white;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Awami League">Bangladesh Awami League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Ershad)" title="Jatiya Party (Ershad)">Jatiya Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rowshan_Ershad" title="Rowshan Ershad">Rowshan Ershad</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_10th_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="List of members of the 10th Jatiya Sangsad">List of members of the 10th Jatiya Sangsad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/2018_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="2018 Bangladeshi general election">11th Parliament</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#006a4e; color:white;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Awami League">Bangladesh Awami League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Ershad)" title="Jatiya Party (Ershad)">Jatiya Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hussain_Muhammad_Ershad" title="Hussain Muhammad Ershad">Hussain Muhammad Ershad</a><br><a href="/wiki/Rowshan_Ershad" title="Rowshan Ershad">Rowshan Ershad</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_11th_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="List of members of the 11th Jatiya Sangsad">List of members of the 11th Jatiya Sangsad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/2024_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="2024 Bangladeshi general election">12th Parliament</a></b> </td> <td style="background:#006a4e; color: white;"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Awami_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Awami League">Bangladesh Awami League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Hasina" title="Sheikh Hasina">Sheikh Hasina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Party_(Ershad)" title="Jatiya Party (Ershad)">Jatiya Party</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ghulam_Muhammed_Quader" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghulam Muhammed Quader">Ghulam Muhammed Quader</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_12th_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="List of members of the 12th Jatiya Sangsad">List of members of the 12th Jatiya Sangsad</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Organisation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliamentary_groups">Parliamentary groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Parliamentary groups" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The parliamentary groups of the Jatiya Sangsad are groups of members of Parliament organised by a political party or coalition of parties. The leadership of each groups consists of a parliamentary party leader, deputy leader, whips and a parliamentary working committee. The size of a group determines the extent of its representation on legislative committees, the time slots allotted for speaking, the number of committee chairs it can hold, and its representation in executive bodies of the parliament.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Current composition <ul><li>Government coalition <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_(Bangladesh)" title="Leader of the House (Bangladesh)">Leader of the House</a>; the post is usually held by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime minister of Bangladesh">prime minister of Bangladesh</a></li> <li>Deputy Leader of the House (who leads the day-to-day business of the government in the Parliament)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Whip_(Bangladesh)" title="Chief Whip (Bangladesh)">Chief Whip</a> (who is supported by six additional whips)</li></ul></li> <li>Official opposition <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Bangladesh)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Bangladesh)">Leader of the Opposition</a></li> <li>Deputy Leader of the Opposition</li> <li>Chief Whip of the Opposition</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_bodies">Executive bodies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Executive bodies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad" class="mw-redirect" title="List of speakers of the Jatiya Sangsad">List of speakers of the Jatiya Sangsad</a></div> <p>The Parliament's executive bodies include the <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad">speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad</a>, the House Committee and the Parliament Secretariat. The House Committee consists of the parliament speaker, deputy speaker and whips. Every major political party appoints a whip who is responsible for the party's discipline and behaviour of its members on the floor of the house. The committee is the coordination hub, determining the daily legislative agenda and assigning committee chairpersons based on parliamentary group representation. The Parliament Secretariat, headed by a senior secretary from the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Administrative_Service" title="Bangladesh Administrative Service">Bangladesh Administrative Service</a>, is in charge of all its supporting and advisory duties such as keeping a record of members' voting, speeches, advising on protocol, general clerical, broadcasting and information activities. </p> <ul><li>Current composition: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad">Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad">Deputy Speaker of the Jatiya Sangsad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Committee_(Bangladesh)" class="mw-redirect" title="House Committee (Bangladesh)">House Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad_Bhaban" title="Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban">Parliament Secretariat</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Committees">Committees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Committees" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Most of the legislative work in the Parliament is done in the standing committees, which exist largely unchanged throughout one legislative period. The Parliament has several committees, with small numbers of members appointed to deal with particular topics or issues. The Committees on Ministry (CoM) are committees that are set down under the Parliament's standing orders. The number of Committees in the Ministry approximates the number of <a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministries of Bangladesh">ministries of Bangladesh</a>, and the titles of each are roughly similar (e.g., defence, agriculture, and labour). There are, as of the current tenth Parliament, 50 standing committees.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distribution of committee chairs and the membership of each committee reflect the relative strength of the various Parliamentary groups in the house. </p> <ul><li>Current committees: <ul><li>Committee on Estimates</li> <li>Committee on Government Assurances</li> <li>Standing Committee on Public Accounts</li> <li>Library Committee</li> <li>Committee on Petitions</li> <li>Committee on Private Member's Bills and Resolutions</li> <li>Standing Committee of Privileges</li> <li>House Committee</li> <li>Business Advisory Committee</li> <li>Standing Committee on Rules of Procedure</li> <li>Committee on Public Undertakings</li> <li>39 Committees on Ministry (CoMs)</li></ul></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Structures">Structures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Structures" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliament_House">Parliament House</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Parliament House" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sangsad_Bhaban" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangsad Bhaban">Sangsad Bhaban</a></div> <p>The parliament is housed in the <a href="/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad_Bhaban" title="Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban">Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban</a> (জাতীয় সংসদ ভবন <i>Jatiyô Sôngsôd Bhôbôn</i>), located at <a href="/wiki/Sher-e-Bangla_Nagar" title="Sher-e-Bangla Nagar">Sher-e-Bangla Nagar</a> in the Bangladeshi capital of <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>. Designed by the American architect <a href="/wiki/Louis_Kahn" title="Louis Kahn">Louis Kahn</a>, the building is one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Legislative" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative">legislative</a> complexes in the world, comprising 200 acres (81 ha).<sup id="cite_ref-banglapedia.org_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-banglapedia.org-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Louis Kahn designed the entire Jatiya Sangsad complex, which includes lawns, lake and residences for the members of the Parliament (MPs). The main building, which is at the center of the complex, is divided into three parts – the Main Plaza, South Plaza and Presidential Plaza. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangladesh_National_Parliament_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bangladesh_National_Parliament_House.jpg/220px-Bangladesh_National_Parliament_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bangladesh_National_Parliament_House.jpg/220px-Bangladesh_National_Parliament_House.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bangladesh_National_Parliament_House.jpg/330px-Bangladesh_National_Parliament_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Bangladesh_National_Parliament_House.jpg/440px-Bangladesh_National_Parliament_House.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Parliament House building at night</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sangsad_Library">Sangsad Library</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Sangsad Library" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The Sangsad Library or Parliament Library claims to be the most comprehensive in Bangladesh, holding over 85,000 books and many more reports, parliamentary debates, government gazettes, journals, magazines and newspapers. The library is housed in Sangsad Bhaban in Sher e Bangla Nagar, Dhaka. The library was established in 1972, after the immediate formation of the <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Bangladesh" title="Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh">Constituent Assembly of Bangladesh</a> to support the lawmakers and their staff. The library is administered by the parliamentary librarian, a statutory officer responsible for the control and management of the facility, reporting to the deputy speaker and the Library Committee. Although the library is open to the public, only current and former members of Parliament, secretariat staff, and authorised researchers may check out books and materials. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sangsad_Television">Sangsad Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sangsad Television" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sangsad_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangsad Television">Sangsad Television</a></div> <p>The Sangsad Bangladesh Television (publicly known as Sangsad TV) is a digital television channel in Bangladesh. It broadcasts parliamentary activity following its establishment under the Broadcasting Act 2011. Prior to the establishment of the Sangsad TV, the Sangsad's programming was produced by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Information_(Bangladesh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Information (Bangladesh)">Ministry of Information</a> and relayed in its <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Television" title="Bangladesh Television">Bangladesh Television</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_12th_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="List of members of the 12th Jatiya Sangsad">List of members of the 12th Jatiya Sangsad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Bangladesh" title="Politics of Bangladesh">Politics of Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Jatiya_Sangsad" title="List of acts of the Jatiya Sangsad">List of acts of the Jatiya Sangsad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_by_country" title="List of legislatures by country">List of legislatures by country</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSirajul_Islam2012" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sirajul_Islam" title="Sirajul Islam">Sirajul Islam</a>, ed. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/">"Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh"</a> (Second ed.). <a href="/wiki/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh" title="Asiatic Society of Bangladesh">Asiatic Society of Bangladesh</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Banglapedia%3A+National+Encyclopedia+of+Bangladesh&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Asiatic+Society+of+Bangladesh&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJatiya+Sangsad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPranab_Kumar_Panday2013" class="citation book cs1">Pranab Kumar Panday (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0f4_AAAAQBAJ"><i>Women's Political Participation in Bangladesh: Institutional Reforms, Actors and Outcomes</i></a>. Springer India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-322-1271-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-322-1271-3"><bdi>978-81-322-1271-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Political+Participation+in+Bangladesh%3A+Institutional+Reforms%2C+Actors+and+Outcomes&rft.pub=Springer+India&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-81-322-1271-3&rft.au=Pranab+Kumar+Panday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0f4_AAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJatiya+Sangsad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190708050325/http://bdaffairs.com/parliament-member-of-bangladesh">"Parliament Member of Bangladesh"</a>. <i>Bangladesh Affairs</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bdaffairs.com/parliament-member-of-bangladesh/">the original</a> on 8 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bangladesh+Affairs&rft.atitle=Parliament+Member+of+Bangladesh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbdaffairs.com%2Fparliament-member-of-bangladesh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJatiya+Sangsad" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/president-dissolves-parliament-3670721">"President dissolves parliament"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Bangladesh)" title="The Daily Star (Bangladesh)">The Daily Star</a></i>. 6 August 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=President+dissolves+parliament&rft.date=2024-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailystar.net%2Fnews%2Fbangladesh%2Fnews%2Fpresident-dissolves-parliament-3670721&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJatiya+Sangsad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gov.bd-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gov.bd_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gov.bd_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011072257/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/about-parliament/name-and-composition-of-parliament">"Name and Composition of Parliament"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh Parliament">Bangladesh Parliament</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/about-parliament/name-and-composition-of-parliament">the original</a> on 11 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bangladesh+Parliament&rft.atitle=Name+and+Composition+of+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.gov.bd%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Fabout-parliament%2Fname-and-composition-of-parliament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJatiya+Sangsad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailystar.net/new-mps-take-oath-6107">"New MPs take oath"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Bangladesh)" title="The Daily Star (Bangladesh)">The Daily Star (Bangladesh)</a></i>. 9 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/about-parliament/key-person-of-bangladesh-parliament">the original</a> on 6 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bangladesh+Parliament&rft.atitle=Key+Person+of+Bangladesh+Parliament&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.gov.bd%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Fabout-parliament%2Fkey-person-of-bangladesh-parliament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJatiya+Sangsad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230927054150/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/parliamentary-business/committees/list-of-committees/name-of-committees-for-10th-parliament-english">"Name of Committees for 10th Parliament (English)"</a>. <i>Bangladesh Parliament</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/parliamentary-business/committees/list-of-committees/name-of-committees-for-10th-parliament-english">the original</a> on 27 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bangladesh+Parliament&rft.atitle=Name+of+Committees+for+10th+Parliament+%28English%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.gov.bd%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Fparliamentary-business%2Fcommittees%2Flist-of-committees%2Fname-of-committees-for-10th-parliament-english&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJatiya+Sangsad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-banglapedia.org-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-banglapedia.org_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad_Bhaban">"Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban"</a>. <i>Banglapedia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Banglapedia&rft.atitle=Jatiya+Sangsad+Bhaban&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.banglapedia.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DJatiya_Sangsad_Bhaban&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJatiya+Sangsad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120524022905/http://www.design.upenn.edu/archives/majorcollections/kahn/likdacca.html">"National Capital of Bangladesh Project Page"</a>. University of Pennsylvania. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.design.upenn.edu/archives/majorcollections/kahn/likdacca.html">the original</a> on 24 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Capital+of+Bangladesh+Project+Page&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.design.upenn.edu%2Farchives%2Fmajorcollections%2Fkahn%2Flikdacca.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJatiya+Sangsad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Jatiya_Sangsad&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jatiya_Sangsad&params=23_45_44_N_90_22_43_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°45′44″N</span> <span class="longitude">90°22′43″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.76222°N 90.37861°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">23.76222; 90.37861</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="جاتيا سانجشاد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاتيا سانجشاد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%A6" title="জাতীয় সংসদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাতীয় সংসদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Jatiya Sangsad – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jatiya Sangsad" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Jatiya Sangsad – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jatiya Sangsad" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%82" title="Εθνοσυνέλευση του Μπανγκλαντές – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εθνοσυνέλευση του Μπανγκλαντές" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Jatiya Sangsad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jatiya Sangsad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="جاتیا سانگساد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جاتیا سانگساد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Jatiya Sangsad – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jatiya Sangsad" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%ED%8B%B0%EC%9A%94_%EC%83%81%EC%83%A4%EB%93%9C" title="자티요 상샤드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자티요 상샤드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6" title="बांग्लादेश की संसद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बांग्लादेश की संसद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Jatiya Sangsad – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jatiya Sangsad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Jatiya Sangsad – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jatiya Sangsad" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9D%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ჯატიო შონგშოდი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯატიო შონგშოდი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A6" title="बङ्गलादेशको संसद – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बङ्गलादेशको संसद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E4%BC%9A_(%E3%83%90%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%87%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5)" title="国会 (バングラデシュ) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="国会 (バングラデシュ)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Jatiya Sangsad – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jatiya Sangsad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AF" title="جاتیہ سنسد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جاتیہ سنسد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zgromadzenie_Narodowe_(Bangladesz)" title="Zgromadzenie Narodowe (Bangladesz) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zgromadzenie Narodowe (Bangladesz)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Национальная ассамблея Бангладеш – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Национальная ассамблея Бангладеш" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Jatiya Sangsad – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jatiya Sangsad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatiyo_Sangshad" title="Jatiyo Sangshad – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Jatiyo Sangshad" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatiyo_Sangshad" title="Jatiyo Sangshad – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jatiyo Sangshad" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="வங்காளதேச நாடாளுமன்றம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வங்காளதேச நாடாளுமன்றம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97" title="ชาตียสังสัท – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาตียสังสัท" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulusal_Meclis_(Banglade%C5%9F)" title="Ulusal Meclis (Bangladeş) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ulusal Meclis (Bangladeş)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%88" title="Національна асамблея Бангладеш – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Національна асамблея Бангладеш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AF" title="جاتیہ سنسد – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جاتیہ سنسد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatiya_Sangsad" title="Jatiya Sangsad – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jatiya Sangsad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E8%AD%B0%E6%9C%83_(%E5%AD%9F%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%89%E5%9C%8B)" title="國民議會 (孟加拉國) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="國民議會 (孟加拉國)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 4 February 2025, at 10:29<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a 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