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Panoramafrihet – Wikipedia

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vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">dölj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inledning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Lagar_i_olika_länder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lagar_i_olika_länder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Lagar i olika länder</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lagar_i_olika_länder-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Lagar i olika länder</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lagar_i_olika_länder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europeiska_unionen_(översikt)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europeiska_unionen_(översikt)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Europeiska unionen (översikt)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europeiska_unionen_(översikt)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sverige" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sverige"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Sverige</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sverige-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Förslag_till_EU-direktiv_(2015)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Förslag_till_EU-direktiv_(2015)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Förslag till EU-direktiv (2015)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Förslag_till_EU-direktiv_(2015)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-USA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#USA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>USA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-USA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tvådimensionella_verk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tvådimensionella_verk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tvådimensionella verk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tvådimensionella_verk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Allmän_plats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allmän_plats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Allmän plats</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Allmän_plats-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Allmän plats</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Allmän_plats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Definitioner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definitioner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Definitioner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definitioner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filippinerna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filippinerna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Filippinerna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filippinerna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Antiterroristlagar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antiterroristlagar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Antiterroristlagar</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Antiterroristlagar-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Växla underavsnittet Antiterroristlagar</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Antiterroristlagar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Storbritannien" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storbritannien"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Storbritannien</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storbritannien-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_även" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_även"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Se även</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_även-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referenser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referenser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referenser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referenser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externa_länkar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externa_länkar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externa länkar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externa_länkar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innehåll" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Växla innehållsförteckningen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Växla innehållsförteckningen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Panoramafrihet</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå till en artikel på ett annat språk. Tillgänglig på 49 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vryheid_van_panorama" title="Vryheid van panorama – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vryheid van panorama" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="حرية البانوراما – arabiska" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حرية البانوراما" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panorama_azadl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Panorama azadlığı – azerbajdzjanska" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Panorama azadlığı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdzjanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Свабода панарамы – belarusiska" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Свабода панарамы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalingkasan_sa_panorama" title="Katalingkasan sa panorama – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Katalingkasan sa panorama" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Свобода на панорамата – bulgariska" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Свобода на панорамата" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llibertat_de_panorama" title="Llibertat de panorama – katalanska" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llibertat de panorama" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svoboda_panoramatu" title="Svoboda panoramatu – tjeckiska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svoboda panoramatu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjeckiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyddid_Panorama" title="Rhyddid Panorama – walesiska" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhyddid Panorama" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramafrihed" title="Panoramafrihed – danska" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Panoramafrihed" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramafreiheit" title="Panoramafreiheit – tyska" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Panoramafreiheit" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tyska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoraamivabadus" title="Panoraamivabadus – estniska" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Panoraamivabadus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1_%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Ελευθερία πανοράματος – grekiska" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελευθερία πανοράματος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grekiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_panorama" title="Freedom of panorama – engelska" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Freedom of panorama" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertad_de_panorama" title="Libertad de panorama – spanska" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Libertad de panorama" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libereco_de_panoramo" title="Libereco de panoramo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Libereco de panoramo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irudikapen-askatasuna" title="Irudikapen-askatasuna – baskiska" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Irudikapen-askatasuna" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7" title="آزادی پانوراما – persiska" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آزادی پانوراما" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libert%C3%A9_de_panorama" title="Liberté de panorama – franska" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liberté de panorama" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saoirse_l%C3%A1nl%C3%A9argais" title="Saoirse lánléargais – iriska" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Saoirse lánléargais" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iriska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberdade_de_panorama" title="Liberdade de panorama – galiciska" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Liberdade de panorama" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%85%B8%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%88%EC%9D%98_%EC%9E%90%EC%9C%A0" title="파노라마의 자유 – koreanska" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파노라마의 자유" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AF%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Համայնապատկերի ազատություն – armeniska" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Համայնապատկերի ազատություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloboda_panorame" title="Sloboda panorame – kroatiska" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sloboda panorame" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebebasan_panorama" title="Kebebasan panorama – indonesiska" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kebebasan panorama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libert%C3%A0_di_panorama" title="Libertà di panorama – italienska" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Libertà di panorama" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italienska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panor%C4%81mas_br%C4%ABv%C4%ABba" title="Panorāmas brīvība – lettiska" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Panorāmas brīvība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramafr%C3%A4iheet" title="Panoramafräiheet – luxemburgiska" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Panoramafräiheet" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramos_laisv%C4%97" title="Panoramos laisvė – litauiska" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Panoramos laisvė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panor%C3%A1maszabads%C3%A1g" title="Panorámaszabadság – ungerska" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Panorámaszabadság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungerska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebebasan_panorama" title="Kebebasan panorama – malajiska" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kebebasan panorama" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramavrijheid" title="Panoramavrijheid – nederländska" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Panoramavrijheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederländska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E6%99%AF%E3%81%AE%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="風景の自由 – japanska" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="風景の自由" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panoramafrihet" title="Panoramafrihet – norskt bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Panoramafrihet" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norskt bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolno%C5%9B%C4%87_panoramy" title="Wolność panoramy – polska" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wolność panoramy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberdade_de_panorama" title="Liberdade de panorama – portugisiska" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Liberdade de panorama" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertate_de_panoram%C4%83" title="Libertate de panoramă – rumänska" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Libertate de panoramă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumänska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Свобода панорамы – ryska" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Свобода панорамы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ryska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liria_e_Panoram%C3%ABs" title="Liria e Panoramës – albanska" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Liria e Panoramës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloboda_panor%C3%A1my" title="Sloboda panorámy – slovakiska" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sloboda panorámy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svoboda_panorame" title="Svoboda panorame – slovenska" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Svoboda panorame" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Слобода панораме – serbiska" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Слобода панораме" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_panorama" title="Freedom of panorama – finska" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Freedom of panorama" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bra artikel"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalayaan_sa_panorama" title="Kalayaan sa panorama – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kalayaan sa panorama" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE" title="ఫ్రీడమ్ అఫ్ పనోరమ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఫ్రీడమ్ అఫ్ పనోరమ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panorama_%C3%B6zg%C3%BCrl%C3%BC%C4%9F%C3%BC" title="Panorama özgürlüğü – turkiska" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Panorama özgürlüğü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Свобода панорами – ukrainska" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Свобода панорами" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%B1_do_to%C3%A0n_c%E1%BA%A3nh" title="Tự do toàn cảnh – vietnamesiska" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tự do toàn cảnh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E6%99%AF%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1" title="全景自由 – kinesiska" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="全景自由" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesiska" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q918113#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigera interwikilänkar" class="wbc-editpage">Redigera länkar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namnrymder"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Panoramafrihet" title="Visa innehållssidan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Panoramafrihet" 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</nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktyg" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktyg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" 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title="Lista över alla wikisidor som länkar hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Sidor som länkar hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Senaste_relaterade_%C3%A4ndringar/Panoramafrihet" rel="nofollow" title="Visa senaste ändringarna av sidor som den här sidan länkar till [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterade ändringar</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Specialsidor" title="Lista över alla specialsidor [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsidor</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;oldid=55306545" title="Permanent länk till den här versionen av sidan"><span>Permanent länk</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;action=info" title="Mer information om denna sida"><span>Sidinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citera&amp;page=Panoramafrihet&amp;id=55306545&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om hur den här artikeln kan användas som referens"><span>Använd som referens</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPanoramafrihet"><span>Hämta förkortad url</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fsv.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPanoramafrihet"><span>Ladda ner QR-kod</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut/exportera </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Bok&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Panoramafrihet"><span>Skapa en bok</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Panoramafrihet&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Ladda ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvänlig version av den här sidan [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvänlig version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andra projekt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Freedom_of_panorama" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-meta mw-list-item"><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Freedom_of_Panorama_(FoP)" hreflang="en"><span>Meta-wiki</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q918113" title="Länk till anslutet databasobjekt [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-objekt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sidverktyg"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytta till sidofältet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">dölj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Från Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sv" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><i>För vägledning till hur Wikipedia kan dra nytta av panoramafrihet, se <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Panoramafrihet" title="Wikipedia:Panoramafrihet">WP:Panoramafrihet</a> och <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Freedom_of_panorama" class="extiw" title="c:Commons:Freedom of panorama">Commons:Freedom of panorama</a></i>.</dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Image_demonstrating_freedom_of_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Image_demonstrating_freedom_of_panorama.jpg/250px-Image_demonstrating_freedom_of_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Image_demonstrating_freedom_of_panorama.jpg/375px-Image_demonstrating_freedom_of_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Image_demonstrating_freedom_of_panorama.jpg/500px-Image_demonstrating_freedom_of_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2388" data-file-height="2632" /></a><figcaption>De här offentligt utställda skulpturerna av Sergej Alexander Dott, <i>Himmelsblumen</i>, 2003 vid <a href="/wiki/Gleisdreieck" title="Gleisdreieck">Gleisdreieck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> är möjliga att avbilda och återge bilder av, eftersom <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tysklands</a> lagar om upphovsrätt innehåller klausuler om panoramafrihet.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Panoramafrihet</b> (<a href="/wiki/Tyska" title="Tyska">tyska</a>: <span lang="de"><i>Panoramafreiheit</i></span>, <a href="/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska">engelska</a>: <span lang="en"><i>Freedom of panorama, FOP</i></span>) är en inskränkning i <a href="/wiki/Upphovsr%C3%A4tt" title="Upphovsrätt">upphovsrätten</a> som finns i många länders lagstiftning. Den gör det möjligt att <a href="/wiki/Fotografi" title="Fotografi">fotografera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">filma</a> eller <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A5lning_(konst)" class="mw-redirect" title="Målning (konst)">måla</a>/<a href="/wiki/Teckning_(konst)" title="Teckning (konst)">teckna av</a> byggnader eller <a href="/wiki/Konstverk" title="Konstverk">konstverk</a> som är permanent placerade i <a href="/wiki/Offentligt_rum" title="Offentligt rum">det offentliga rummet</a> – och därefter publicera resultatet.<sup id="cite_ref-seiler_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seiler-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regler för panoramafrihet och/eller andra lagar begränsar möjligheten för upphovsmannen att åtala den som tagit eller distribuerat sådana bilder. Annars är det normala inom upphovsrättslagstiftningen att endast upphovsmannen har laglig rätt att ge tillstånd att kopiera eller göra bearbetningar av dennes verk. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lagar_i_olika_länder"><span id="Lagar_i_olika_l.C3.A4nder"></span>Lagar i olika länder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigera avsnitt: Lagar i olika länder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Lagar i olika länder"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Levels_of_Freedom_of_Panorama_in_Europe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Levels_of_Freedom_of_Panorama_in_Europe.svg/250px-Levels_of_Freedom_of_Panorama_in_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Levels_of_Freedom_of_Panorama_in_Europe.svg/375px-Levels_of_Freedom_of_Panorama_in_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Levels_of_Freedom_of_Panorama_in_Europe.svg/500px-Levels_of_Freedom_of_Panorama_in_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="680" /></a><figcaption>Panoramafrihet eller inte i olika europeiska länder.</figcaption></figure> <p>Många länder har liknande inskränkningar i upphovsrätten, vilket gör det lagligt att publicera fotografier som tagits på <a href="/wiki/Allm%C3%A4n_plats" title="Allmän plats">allmän plats</a> eller från en allmän plats. Tolkningarna och villkoren för vad som är lagligt möjligt skiljer sig dock ofta åt från land till land.<sup id="cite_ref-seiler_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seiler-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europeiska_unionen_(översikt)"><span id="Europeiska_unionen_.28.C3.B6versikt.29"></span>Europeiska unionen (översikt)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redigera avsnitt: Europeiska unionen (översikt)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Europeiska unionen (översikt)"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div><span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#EE1100; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&#160;</span>&#160;Inte tillåtet.</div> <div><span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#FF8243; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&#160;</span>&#160;Tillåtet för byggnader; tillåtet för (andra) konstverk, men endast för icke-kommersiellt bruk.</div> <div><span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#B27B00; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&#160;</span>&#160;Tillåtet för byggnader och (andra) konstverk, men endast för icke-kommersiellt bruk.</div> <div><span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#EAEA00; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&#160;</span>&#160;Tillåtet för byggnader och (andra) konstverk, även för kommersiellt bruk.</div> <div><span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#0000FF; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&#160;</span>&#160;Tillåtet för byggnader och (andra) konstverk – även i <a href="/wiki/Offentligt_rum" title="Offentligt rum">offentliga rum</a> inomhus – men med begränsningar.</div> <div><span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#56DB00; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&#160;</span>&#160;Tillåtet för byggnader och (andra) konstverk – även i offentliga rum inomhus – men endast för icke-kommersiellt bruk.</div> <div><span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#34A300; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&#160;</span>&#160;Tillåtet för byggnader och (andra) konstverk – även i offentliga rum inomhus och även för kommersiellt bruk.</div> <div><span style="display:inline-block; width:1.5em; height:1.5em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background-color:#C0C0C0; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&#160;</span>&#160;Okänt – gäller <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> och <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>.</div> <p>Inom <a href="/wiki/Europeiska_unionen" title="Europeiska unionen">Europeiska unionen</a> ger Direktiv 2001/29/EC möjlighet – men ingen skyldighet – för medlemsstaterna att lägga in en klausul om panoramafrihet i sina respektive upphovsrättslagar.<sup id="cite_ref-eu_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eu-2"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Panoramafrihet definieras bland annat i artikel 59 i den tyska <i>Urheberrechtsgesetz</i> ('Upphovsrättslagen'),<sup id="cite_ref-de_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i artikel 27 i den schweiziska <i>Urheberrechtsgesetz</i><sup id="cite_ref-ch_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ch-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och i sektion 62 av den <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">brittiska</a> <i>Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-uk_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uk-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Det finns å andra sidan Europeiska länder som <a href="/wiki/Italien" title="Italien">Italien</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-it_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-it-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a> och <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">Island</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-is_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-is-7"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> där panoramafrihet inte existerar (åtminstone inte fullt ut). Trots offentliga protestaktioner<sup id="cite_ref-grillini_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grillini-8"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och ett statligt initiativ,<sup id="cite_ref-scorza_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scorza-9"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lett av advokaten Guidi Scorza och journalisten Luca Spinelli,<sup id="cite_ref-it_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-it-6"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> är fotoåtergivningar av offentliga miljöer fortfarande förbjudna. </p><p>Detta är i enlighet med den gamla italienska upphovsrättslagstiftningen,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vilken gjorts än mer restriktiv genom "Codice Urbani". I denna tilläggslag meddelas bland annat att publicering av foton av "kulturföremål" (vilket i teorin inkluderar nästan alla av människan utformade miljöer) i kommersiellt syfte förutsätter att man först erhåller tillstånd från Konst- och kulturarvsministeriets lokalkontor. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Atomium_Brussel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Atomium_Brussel.jpg/250px-Atomium_Brussel.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Atomium_Brussel.jpg/375px-Atomium_Brussel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Atomium_Brussel.jpg/500px-Atomium_Brussel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Atomium" title="Atomium">Atomium</a>, en välbekant del av <a href="/wiki/Bryssel" title="Bryssel">Bryssels</a> stadsbild sedan 1958. Först 2016 blev avbildningar av den möjliga att sprida fritt.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Belgien" title="Belgien">Belgien</a> hade fram till juli 2015 samma typ av lagstiftning på området som Frankrike. Det innebar bland annat stora begränsningar att fritt kunna publicera bilder på <a href="/wiki/Atomium" title="Atomium">Atomium</a> och andra kända belgiska 1900-talsbyggnader. I juni månad detta år ändrades dock lagstiftningen för att tillåta avbildning och återgivning av både <a href="/wiki/Bildkonst" title="Bildkonst">bildkonst</a> och <a href="/wiki/Arkitektur" title="Arkitektur">arkitektur</a> på allmän plats.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sverige">Sverige</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Redigera avsnitt: Sverige" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Sverige"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I Sverige är panoramafriheten inskriven i <a href="/wiki/Upphovsr%C3%A4ttslagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Upphovsrättslagen">Upphovsrättslagen</a> (<i>Lag [1960:729] om upphovsrätt till litterära och konstnärliga verk</i>), 2 Kap. ("Inskränkningar i upphovsrätten") 24§:<sup id="cite_ref-se729_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-se729-13"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:G%C3%B6taplatsen,_museum,_moln.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/G%C3%B6taplatsen%2C_museum%2C_moln.jpg/150px-G%C3%B6taplatsen%2C_museum%2C_moln.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/G%C3%B6taplatsen%2C_museum%2C_moln.jpg/225px-G%C3%B6taplatsen%2C_museum%2C_moln.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/G%C3%B6taplatsen%2C_museum%2C_moln.jpg/300px-G%C3%B6taplatsen%2C_museum%2C_moln.jpg 2x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="1277" /></a><figcaption>I april 2016 kom ett utslag i <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gsta_domstolen_(Sverige)" title="Högsta domstolen (Sverige)">Sveriges högsta domstol</a> som begränsade panoramafriheten i samband med digital spridning av <a href="/wiki/Offentlig_konst" class="mw-redirect" title="Offentlig konst">offentlig konst</a>.</figcaption></figure> <table style="margin:1em auto;border-collapse:collapse;" class="cquote"> <tbody><tr> <td style="color:#b2b7f2; font-size:3em; line-height:0; font-family:serif; padding:.35em; vertical-align:top;"><b>”</b> </td> <td style="padding:.3em;">24 § Konstverk får avbildas<br /> <ol><li>om de stadigvarande är placerade på eller vid allmän plats utomhus,</li> <li>om syftet är att annonsera en utställning eller försäljning av konstverken, men endast i den utsträckning som behövs för att främja utställningen eller försäljningen, eller</li> <li>om de ingår i en samling, i kataloger, dock inte i digital form.</li></ol> <p>Byggnader får fritt avbildas. Lag (2005:359). </p> </td> <td style="color:#b2b7f2; font-size:3em; line-height:0; font-family:serif; padding:.35em; vertical-align:bottom;"><b>„</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="padding-right: 4em;text-align:right;font-size:smaller">&#8211; Lag 1960:729<sup id="cite_ref-svlag_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-svlag-14"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Intresseorganisationen <a href="/wiki/Bildkonst_Upphovsr%C3%A4tt_i_Sverige" class="mw-redirect" title="Bildkonst Upphovsrätt i Sverige">Bildkonst Upphovsrätt i Sverige</a> hävdade 2014 i en stämning mot <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikimedia">Wikimedia Sverige</a> och dess konstdatabas offentligkonst.se även att ordet "avbildas" inte är samma sak som "återges" (nämnt i § 23 angående offentliggjorda konstverk).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stämningen har 2015 fått prövningstillstånd i <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B6gsta_domstolen_(Sverige)" title="Högsta domstolen (Sverige)">Högsta domstolen</a>, och frågan anses principiellt viktig för att ta reda på hur den svenska upphovsrättslagstiftningen fungerar i relation till <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>4 april 2016 kom beslut i målet från Högsta domstolen. Beslutet sa i princip att panoramafriheten inte var applicerbar i samband med <i>digital</i> spridning av bilder från en <a href="/wiki/Databas" title="Databas">databas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den 6 juli 2017 meddelade <a href="/wiki/Patent-_och_marknadsdomstolen" title="Patent- och marknadsdomstolen">Patent- och marknadsdomstolen</a> sin dom. Den följde Högsta domstolens beslut och gav <a href="/wiki/Bildkonst_Upphovsr%C3%A4tt_i_Sverige" class="mw-redirect" title="Bildkonst Upphovsrätt i Sverige">Bildkonst Upphovsrätt i Sverige</a> rätt i målet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Förslag_till_EU-direktiv_(2015)"><span id="F.C3.B6rslag_till_EU-direktiv_.282015.29"></span>Förslag till EU-direktiv (2015)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Redigera avsnitt: Förslag till EU-direktiv (2015)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Förslag till EU-direktiv (2015)"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2015 planeras en större översyn och harmonisering av upphovsrättslagstiftningen i och mellan de olika EU-medlemsstaterna (enligt <a href="/wiki/Infosoc-direktivet" title="Infosoc-direktivet">Infosoc-direktivet</a>). Den syftar dels till att stärka upphovsrättshavarnas rätt internationellt, dels till att underlätta för konsumenter i olika EU-länder att få tillgång till samma verk (bland annat försvåra <a href="/wiki/Geoblockering" title="Geoblockering">geoblockering</a>). Vad gäller panoramafrihet föreslår <a href="/wiki/Europaparlamentets_utskott_f%C3%B6r_r%C3%A4ttsliga_fr%C3%A5gor" title="Europaparlamentets utskott för rättsliga frågor">Europaparlamentets utskott för rättsliga frågor</a> en harmonisering av EU-reglerna där panoramafrihet ska gälla generellt och för både byggnader och offentlig konst, men <i>endast</i> för <a href="/wiki/Icke-kommersiell" title="Icke-kommersiell">icke-kommersiellt</a> bruk.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Denna rekommendation är kontroversiell, inte minst i de EU-länder som hittills inte haft denna begränsning. <a href="/wiki/Europaparlamentet" title="Europaparlamentet">Europaparlamentet</a> röstade om ett förslag (till ett kommande direktiv från EU-kommission) den 9 juli 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mellan 23<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> juni och 8 juli samlade en <a href="/wiki/Petition" title="Petition">petition</a> via <i>Change.org</i> in 484&#160;000 namnteckningar mot förslaget till EU-direktiv.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Innan petitionen avslutades några dagar senare hade den totalt samlat 555&#160;000 namn.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Namninsamling" title="Namninsamling">Namninsamlingen</a> och olika Wikipediaversioners kampanj för att uppmärksamma panoramafrihetens betydelse för Wikipedia tros ha påverkat omröstningen i Europaparlamentet, där hela paragrafen med panoramafrihet under icke-kommersiell begränsning röstades ner med stor majoritet. Detta innebar att parlamentet inte uttalade sig angående panoramafrihet inom EU. Rapporten i övrigt (som gällde Infosoc-direktivet i stort) röstades dock igenom.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb" style="clear:both;"> <div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto; overflow-y:display; overflow-x:auto;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Freedom_of_Panorama_world_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panoramafrihet internationellt."><img alt="Panoramafrihet internationellt." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Freedom_of_Panorama_world_map.svg/900px-Freedom_of_Panorama_world_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="900" height="457" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Freedom_of_Panorama_world_map.svg/1350px-Freedom_of_Panorama_world_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Freedom_of_Panorama_world_map.svg/1800px-Freedom_of_Panorama_world_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2754" data-file-height="1398" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Panoramafrihet internationellt.</div></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="USA">USA</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Redigera avsnitt: USA" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: USA"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>:s lagar om upphovsrätt finns ingen regel som direkt motsvarar panoramafrihet.<sup id="cite_ref-lydiate_2006_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lydiate_2006-25"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-newell_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newell-26"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den enda liknande passusen är den i 17 USC 120(a), vilken meddelar att bildmässiga avbildningar av byggnader inte styrs av arkitektens upphovsrätt.<sup id="cite_ref-us_gorman_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-us_gorman-27"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det innebär att byggnader i USA som rests efter 1 december 1990 ur fotograferingssynpunkt är <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-asmp_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asmp-28"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Motsvarande panoramafrihet som för byggnader gäller dock inte för konstverk,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vilket inkluderar <a href="/wiki/Konstverk" title="Konstverk">konstverk</a> som ingår i bildens (centrala) blickfält.<sup id="cite_ref-asmp_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asmp-28"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tvådimensionella_verk"><span id="Tv.C3.A5dimensionella_verk"></span>Tvådimensionella verk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Redigera avsnitt: Tvådimensionella verk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Tvådimensionella verk"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Olika länders lagstiftning är mer eller mindre tillåtande angående möjligheten att avbilda/återge offentliga miljöer trots närvaron av upphovsrättsskyddade objekt.<sup id="cite_ref-seiler_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seiler-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I de flesta länder är det bara möjligt att i bild återge tredimensionella verk som är permanent installerade på allmän plats, och med <i>permanent</i> menas då i regel "för verkets naturliga livslängd".<sup id="cite_ref-ch_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ch-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I <a href="/wiki/Schweiz" title="Schweiz">Schweiz</a> är det även möjligt att avbilda och publicera avbildningar av tvådimensionella verk som <a href="/wiki/Muralm%C3%A5lning" title="Muralmålning">muralmålningar</a> och <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a>, men sådana bilder kan inte användas i samma syfte som originalet.<sup id="cite_ref-ch_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ch-4"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Allmän_plats"><span id="Allm.C3.A4n_plats"></span>Allmän plats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Redigera avsnitt: Allmän plats" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Allmän plats"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definitioner">Definitioner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Redigera avsnitt: Definitioner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Definitioner"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Många lagar skiljer sig något åt vad gäller <a href="/wiki/Allm%C3%A4n_plats" title="Allmän plats">allmän plats</a> och privat egendom. Medan platsen där fotografen står inte spelar någon roll i <a href="/wiki/%C3%96sterrike" title="Österrike">Österrike</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-seiler_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seiler-1"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> är avbildningar endast tillåtna om bilden tagits från allmän plats; hjälpmedel som stegar, kranar och flygplan gör då ingen skillnad.<sup id="cite_ref-de_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under vissa omständigheter utsträcks fotograferingsmöjligheten till privat mark som exempelvis allmänt tillgängliga privata parker och slott utan inträdeskontroll. Då brukar finnas förbehåll om att ägaren kan kräva en avgift för kommersiell användning av bilderna.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> I många <a href="/wiki/%C3%96steuropa" title="Östeuropa">östeuropeiska</a> länder begränsas de här bilderna till icke-kommersiell användning.<sup id="cite_ref-elst_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elst-31"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kartan ovan visar också på olika länders skiftande definitioner av vad som är "allmän plats". I de flesta länder (bland annat Tyskland) räknas endast platser utomhus in i definitionen,<sup id="cite_ref-de_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-de-3"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> medan några länder även inkluderar olika inomhusytor som offentliga museer (bland annat Storbritannien<sup id="cite_ref-uk_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uk-5"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och Ryssland<sup id="cite_ref-ru_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ru-32"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filippinerna">Filippinerna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Redigera avsnitt: Filippinerna" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Filippinerna"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I <a href="/wiki/Filippinerna" title="Filippinerna">Filippinerna</a> upptrappades 2013 en konflikt mellan landets fotografer och den filippinska staten. 12 juni 2013, på Filippinernas självständighetsdag, kallade aktivistgruppen Bawal Mag-Shoot till en "Freedom to Shoot Day"-protest vid <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luneta_Park&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Luneta Park [inte skriven än]">Luneta Park</a> i <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>. Gruppen vill demonstrera sin rätt att ta foton vid historiska (och) allmänna platser, särskilt vid Luneta och <a href="/w/index.php?title=Intramuros&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Intramuros [inte skriven än]">Intramuros</a>. Parkförvaltningen avkräver fotografer med <a href="/wiki/Systemkamera" title="Systemkamera">systemkameror</a> en avgift för fotograferande för kommersiella syften. Det rapporterades också att säkerhetsvakterna även kräver 500 pesos även för fotografering för icke-kommersiella ändamål, något som aktivisterna ansåg var "utpressning". </p><p>Aktivisterna hävdade också att filippinska fotografer utsätts för diskriminering, så att parkförvaltningen tillåter större friheter för utländska fotografer. Det finns inget officiellt regelverk angående fotografering av historiska platser, och aktivisterna uppmanade landets lagstiftare att göra något åt saken.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antiterroristlagar">Antiterroristlagar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Redigera avsnitt: Antiterroristlagar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Antiterroristlagar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Spänningar har uppkommit i länder där friheten att fotografera på allmän plats står i strid med senare införda lagar för bekämpning av <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Redigera avsnitt: Storbritannien" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Storbritannien"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I Storbritannien har sektion 44 i <i>Terrorism Act 2000</i> vid åtskilliga tillfällen använts till att stoppa amatör- eller yrkesfotografer från att ta foton på allmän plats. Vid sådana tillfällen krävs att det finns <a href="/wiki/Sk%C3%A4lig_misstanke" class="mw-redirect" title="Skälig misstanke">skälig misstanke</a> för att en person är en terrorist.<sup id="cite_ref-photo-homeoffice_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-photo-homeoffice-34"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medan fotografering inte uttryckligen är förbjuden, hävdar kritiker att polis och andra statsrepresentanter missbrukar lagen till att förhindra lagligt fotograferande.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-terrorist_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-terrorist-35"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bland annat har man nämnt utredningar där en skolelev, en parlamentsledamot<sup id="cite_ref-pelling_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pelling-36"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> och en <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>-fotograf<sup id="cite_ref-overs_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-overs-37"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> varit inblandade. </p><p>Omfattningen av de här ingripandena har sedan dess minskat. Efter rättsprocesser i <a href="/wiki/Europadomstolen" title="Europadomstolen">Europadomstolen</a> har man också publicerat riktlinjer för att försöka hindra att de används i samband med fotograferande.<sup id="cite_ref-sec44_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sec44-38"><span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-reference-link-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_även"><span id="Se_.C3.A4ven"></span>Se även</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Redigera avsnitt: Se även" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Se även"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fotograferingsf%C3%B6rbud" title="Fotograferingsförbud">Fotograferingsförbud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritt_inneh%C3%A5ll" title="Fritt innehåll">Fritt innehåll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Panoramafrihet" title="Wikipedia:Panoramafrihet">Wikipedia:Panoramafrihet</a> (projektsida)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referenser">Referenser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Redigera avsnitt: Referenser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Referenser"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span class="plainlinks"><i>Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page">engelskspråkiga Wikipedia</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Freedom_of_panorama&amp;oldid=648657787">24 februari 2015</a>.</i></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-seiler-1">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-seiler_1-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seiler_1-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seiler_1-2"><small>c</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-seiler_1-3"><small>d</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Seiler, D. (2006): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fotorecht.de/publikationen/hundertwasserhaus3.html">"Gebäudefotografie in der EU – Neues vom Hundertwasserhaus".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930160856/http://www.fotorecht.de/publikationen/hundertwasserhaus3.html">Arkiverad</a> 30 september 2007 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Photopresse</i> 1/2 (2006), p.&#160;16. Läst 27 mars 2015. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(tyska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eu-2"><a href="#cite_ref-eu_2-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">N.N.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fotocommunity.de/info/Panoramafreiheit#Europa_hilft">"Panoramafreiheit"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150418173225/http://www.fotocommunity.de/info/Panoramafreiheit#Europa_hilft">Arkiverad</a> 18 april 2015 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.. fotocommunity.de. Se även <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32001L0029:EN:HTML">Artikel 5(3)(h) ur 2001/29/EC.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-de-3">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-de_3-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-de_3-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-de_3-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Seiler, D.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fotorecht.de/publikationen/gebaeude.html">"Fotografieren von und in Gebäuden".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930161320/http://www.fotorecht.de/publikationen/gebaeude.html">Arkiverad</a> 30 september 2007 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>visuell</i> 5/2001, p.&#160;50. Se även <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bundesrecht.juris.de/urhg/__59.html">§59 UrhG (Germany).</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ch-4">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-ch_4-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ch_4-1"><small>b</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ch_4-2"><small>c</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Rehbinder, M.: <i>Schweizerisches Urheberrecht</i> 3rd ed., p.&#160;158, Stämpfli Verlag, Berne, 2000. <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/3-7272-0923-2" title="Special:Bokkällor/3-7272-0923-2">ISBN 3-7272-0923-2</a>. Se även <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.admin.ch/ch/d/sr/231_1/a27.html">§27 URG (Switzerland).</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uk-5">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-uk_5-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-uk_5-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Lydiate, H.: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artquest.org.uk/articles/view/advertising-and-marketing-art-copyright-confusion1">"Advertising and marketing art: Copyright confusion".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111027233307/http://www.artquest.org.uk/articles/view/advertising-and-marketing-art-copyright-confusion1">Arkiverad</a> 27 oktober 2011 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. Se även <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1988/Ukpga_19880048_en_4.htm#mdiv62">sektion 62 i Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-it-6">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-it_6-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-it_6-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text">Spinelli, L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://punto-informatico.it/2030219/PI/News/wikipedia-cede-al-diritto-autore-italiota.aspx">"Wikipedia cede al diritto d'autore".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080929014738/http://punto-informatico.it/2030219/PI/News/wikipedia-cede-al-diritto-autore-italiota.aspx">Arkiverad</a> 29 september 2008 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Punto_Informatico&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Punto Informatico [inte skriven än]">Punto Informatico</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-is-7"><a href="#cite_ref-is_7-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Salvör Gissurardóttir <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://salvor.blog.is/blog/salvor/entry/977597/">"Bannað að birta mynd af Hallgrímskirkju",</a> blog.is.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grillini-8"><a href="#cite_ref-grillini_8-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFGrillini">Grillini, F..&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081025001151/http://www.grillini.it/show.php?4884">”Diritto di panorama”</a>. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grillini.it/show.php?4884">originalet</a>&#32;den 25 oktober 2008<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081025001151/http://www.grillini.it/show.php?4884">https://web.archive.org/web/20081025001151/http://www.grillini.it/show.php?4884</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 28 mars 2015</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Diritto+di+panorama&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Grillini&amp;rft.aufirst=F.&amp;rft.au=Grillini%2C+F.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20081025001151%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.grillini.it%2Fshow.php%3F4884&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Panoramafrihet"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scorza-9"><a href="#cite_ref-scorza_9-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Scorza, G., Spinelli, L., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diritto.it/all.php?file=25583.pdf">"Dare un senso al degrado".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090708045222/http://www.diritto.it/all.php?file=25583.pdf">Arkiverad</a> 8 juli 2009 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:1941-04-22;633!vig=">Legge 22 aprile 1941 n. 633</a>". normattiva.it. Läst 4 april 2015. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(italienska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/deleghe/testi/04042dl.htm">Decreto Legislativo 22 gennaio 2004, n. 42</a>". Läst 4 april 2015. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(italienska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi/article_body.pl?language=fr&amp;pub_date=2016-07-05&amp;numac=2016011277&amp;caller=summary">"27 JUIN 2016. - Loi modifiant le Code de droit économique en vue de l'introduction de la liberté de panorama (1)".</a> just.fgov.be, 2016-07-05. Läst 15 juli 2016. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(franska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-se729-13"><a href="#cite_ref-se729_13-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Dokument-Lagar/Lagar/Svenskforfattningssamling/Lag-1960729-om-upphovsratt-_sfs-1960-729/#K2">"Lag (1960:729) om upphovsrätt till litterära och konstnärliga verk".</a> riksdagen.se. Läst 28 mars 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-svlag-14"><a href="#cite_ref-svlag_14-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riksdagen.se/sv/Dokument-Lagar/Lagar/Svenskforfattningssamling/Lag-1960729-om-upphovsratt-_sfs-1960-729/">"Lag (1960:729) om upphovsrätt till litterära och konstnärliga verk".</a> riksdagen.se. 'Läst 4 april 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Malm, Christopffer (2015-03-17): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idg.se/2.1085/1.615861/hd-provar-om-wikimedias-foton-pa-offentlig-konst-ar-upphovsrattsbrott">"HD prövar om Wikimedias foton på offentlig konst är upphovsrättsbrott".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150318055436/http://www.idg.se/2.1085/1.615861/hd-provar-om-wikimedias-foton-pa-offentlig-konst-ar-upphovsrattsbrott">Arkiverad</a> 18 mars 2015 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. idg.se. Läst 5 april 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Färje, Håkan (2014-06-15): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idek.se/bus-vs-wikimedia/">"BUS vs Wikimedia".</a> idek.se. Läst 5 april 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hogstadomstolen.se/Domstolar/hogstadomstolen/Avgoranden/2016/2016-04-04%20%C3%96%20849-15%20Beslut.pdf">"Högsta domstolens beslut, Mål nr. Ö 849-15".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160404154711/http://www.hogstadomstolen.se/Domstolar/hogstadomstolen/Avgoranden/2016/2016-04-04%20%C3%96%20849-15%20Beslut.pdf">Arkiverad</a> 4 april 2016 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. hogstadomstolen.se. Läst 4 april 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=REPORT&amp;mode=XML&amp;reference=A8-2015-0209&amp;language=EN">"Procedure&#160;: 2014/2256(INI)".</a> europaparl.europa.eu, 2015-06-24. Läst 30 juni 2015. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://juliareda.eu/copyright-evaluation-report/full/">"EU copyright evaluation report – full current text".</a> juliareda.eu, 2015-06-(&gt;16). Läst 30 juni 2015. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Morris, Hugh (2015-06-24): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/11695345/Freedom-of-panorama-EU-proposal-could-mean-holiday-snaps-breach-copyright.html">"Freedom of panorama: EU proposal could mean holiday snaps breach copyright".</a> telegraph.co.uk. Läst 30 juni 2015. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Harrold, Alice (2015-06-23): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/new-eu-proposal-could-make-sharing-photographs-of-copyrighted-landmarks-illegal-10341931.html">"New EU proposal could make sharing photographs of copyrighted landmarks illegal".</a> independent.co.uk. Läst 5 juli 2015. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.change.org/p/european-parliament-save-the-freedom-of-photography-savefop-europarl-en">"Save the Freedom of Photography! #saveFoP".</a> change.org. Läst 1 juli 2015, 17:33. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.change.org/p/european-parliament-save-the-freedom-of-photography-savefop-europarl-en">"Save the Freedom of Photography! #saveFoP".</a> change.org. Läst 20 juli 2015. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Justice and home affairs (2015-07-09): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/news-room/content/20150703IPR73903/html/Copyright-reform-promote-cultural-diversity-and-ensure-access-to-it-say-MEPs">"Copyright reform: promote cultural diversity and ensure access to it, say MEPs".</a> europarl.europa.eu. Läst 20 juli 2015. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lydiate_2006-25"><a href="#cite_ref-lydiate_2006_25-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Lydiate, H.: "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artquest.org.uk/artlaw/copyright/using-other-artists-work/advertising-and-marketing-art.htm">Public Sculpture</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150224203322/http://www.artquest.org.uk/artlaw/copyright/using-other-artists-work/advertising-and-marketing-art.htm">Arkiverad</a> 24 februari 2015 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.", <i>Art Monthly 11/2006</i>. Läst 5 april 2015. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newell-26"><a href="#cite_ref-newell_26-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Bryce Clayton Newell (2010-11-10): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1709530">"Freedom of Panorama: A Comparative Look at International Restrictions on Public Photography".</a> <i>Creighton Law Review</i>, vol. 44, s. 405–427 <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-us_gorman-27"><a href="#cite_ref-us_gorman_27-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Gorman, R.A.: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fjc.gov/public/pdf.nsf/lookup/copyright.pdf/$file/copyright.pdf">Copyright law, 2nd ed.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070926003813/http://www.fjc.gov/public/pdf.nsf/lookup/copyright.pdf/%24file/copyright.pdf">Arkiverad</a> 26 september 2007 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>.</i>, U.S. Federal Judicial Center, 2006-06-19, pp.&#160;48,&#160;166. Läst 5 april 2015. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asmp-28">^ [<a href="#cite_ref-asmp_28-0"><small>a</small></a> <a href="#cite_ref-asmp_28-1"><small>b</small></a>] <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asmp.org/commerce/legal/copyright/publicbldg.php">"Photographing public buildings".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070912005656/http://www.asmp.org/commerce/legal/copyright/publicbldg.php">Arkiverad</a> 12 september 2007 hämtat från the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Wayback_Machine" title="Internet Archive">Wayback Machine</a>. American Society of Media Photographers, 2005-02-17. Läst 4 april 2015. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFBrinson">Brinson, Diane.&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://photosecrets.com/do-i-need-permission">”Do I Need Permission?”</a>&#32;(på engelska)<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://photosecrets.com/do-i-need-permission">http://photosecrets.com/do-i-need-permission</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 5 april 2015</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Do+I+Need+Permission%3F&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Brinson&amp;rft.aufirst=Diane&amp;rft.au=Brinson%2C+Diane&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphotosecrets.com%2Fdo-i-need-permission&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Panoramafrihet"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://juris.bundesgerichtshof.de/cgi-bin/rechtsprechung/document.py?Gericht=bgh&amp;Art=pm&amp;Datum=2010&amp;Sort=3&amp;nr=54399&amp;pos=0&amp;anz=241">”Decision of the German Federal Court in favour of the Stiftung Preußische Schlösser und Gärten, 2010”</a>&#32;(på tyska). Juris.bundesgerichtshof.de. 17 december 2010<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://juris.bundesgerichtshof.de/cgi-bin/rechtsprechung/document.py?Gericht=bgh&amp;Art=pm&amp;Datum=2010&amp;Sort=3&amp;nr=54399&amp;pos=0&amp;anz=241">http://juris.bundesgerichtshof.de/cgi-bin/rechtsprechung/document.py?Gericht=bgh&amp;Art=pm&amp;Datum=2010&amp;Sort=3&amp;nr=54399&amp;pos=0&amp;anz=241</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 5 april 2015</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Decision+of+the+German+Federal+Court+in+favour+of+the+Stiftung+Preu%C3%9Fische+Schl%C3%B6sser+und+G%C3%A4rten%2C+2010&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=17+december+2010&amp;rft.pub=Juris.bundesgerichtshof.de&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjuris.bundesgerichtshof.de%2Fcgi-bin%2Frechtsprechung%2Fdocument.py%3FGericht%3Dbgh%26Art%3Dpm%26Datum%3D2010%26Sort%3D3%26nr%3D54399%26pos%3D0%26anz%3D241&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Panoramafrihet"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elst-31"><a href="#cite_ref-elst_31-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Vad gäller <a href="/wiki/Ryssland" title="Ryssland">Ryssland</a>: Elst, M.: <i>Copyright, Freedom of Speech, and Cultural Policy in the Russian Federation</i>, p.&#160;432f; Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden/Boston, 2005; <a href="/wiki/Special:Bokk%C3%A4llor/90-04-14087-5" title="Special:Bokkällor/90-04-14087-5">ISBN 90-04-14087-5</a>. <span style="font-size:.95em;font-weight:bold;color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">(engelska)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ru-32"><a href="#cite_ref-ru_32-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text">Elst p. 432, fotnot 268. Se även <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.consultant.ru/popular/gkrf4/">artikel 1276 av del IV i medborgarlagen</a> (1 januari 2008) för förtydligande.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web" id="CITEREFTanola2024">Tanola, Nadezhda&#32;(12 juni 2013).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202220640/http://www.remate.ph/2013/06/photographers-to-declare-june-12-as-freedom-to-shoot-day/#.UuMvkxAhLIU">”Photographers to declare June 12 as ‘Freedom to Shoot Day’ - Remate &#124; Remate”</a>&#32;(på engelska). Remate.ph. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.remate.ph/2013/06/photographers-to-declare-june-12-as-freedom-to-shoot-day/#.UuMvkxAhLIU">originalet</a>&#32;den 2 februari 2014<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202220640/http://www.remate.ph/2013/06/photographers-to-declare-june-12-as-freedom-to-shoot-day/#.UuMvkxAhLIU">https://web.archive.org/web/20140202220640/http://www.remate.ph/2013/06/photographers-to-declare-june-12-as-freedom-to-shoot-day/#.UuMvkxAhLIU</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 5 april 2015</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Photographers+to+declare+June+12+as+%E2%80%98Freedom+to+Shoot+Day%E2%80%99+-+Remate+%26%23124%3B+Remate&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Tanola&amp;rft.aufirst=Nadezhda&amp;rft.au=Tanola%2C+Nadezhda&amp;rft.date=12+juni+2013&amp;rft.pub=Remate.ph&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20140202220640%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.remate.ph%2F2013%2F06%2Fphotographers-to-declare-june-12-as-freedom-to-shoot-day%2F%23.UuMvkxAhLIU&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Panoramafrihet"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-photo-homeoffice-34"><a href="#cite_ref-photo-homeoffice_34-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130125102358/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/about-us/corporate-publications-strategy/home-office-circulars/circulars-2009/012-2009/">”Photography and Counter-Terrorism legislation”</a>&#32;(på engelska). The Home Office. 18 augusti 2009. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/about-us/corporate-publications-strategy/home-office-circulars/circulars-2009/012-2009/">originalet</a>&#32;den 25 januari 2013<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130125102358/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/about-us/corporate-publications-strategy/home-office-circulars/circulars-2009/012-2009/">http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20130125102358/http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/about-us/corporate-publications-strategy/home-office-circulars/circulars-2009/012-2009/</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 5 april 2015</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Photography+and+Counter-Terrorism+legislation&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=18+augusti+2009&amp;rft.pub=The+Home+Office&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk%2F20130125102358%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.homeoffice.gov.uk%2Fabout-us%2Fcorporate-publications-strategy%2Fhome-office-circulars%2Fcirculars-2009%2F012-2009%2F&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Panoramafrihet"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-terrorist-35"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc-terrorist_35-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news" id="CITEREFGeoghegan2008">Geoghegan, Tom&#32;(17 april 2008).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7351252.stm">”Innocent photographer or terrorist?”</a>&#32;(på engelska). BBC News<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7351252.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7351252.stm</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 5 april 2015</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Innocent+photographer+or+terrorist%3F&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Geoghegan&amp;rft.aufirst=Tom&amp;rft.au=Geoghegan%2C+Tom&amp;rft.date=17+april+2008&amp;rft.pub=BBC+News&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2F7351252.stm&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Panoramafrihet"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pelling-36"><a href="#cite_ref-pelling_36-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/conservative/4144210/Tory-MP-stopped-and-searched-by-police-for-taking-photos-of-cycle-path.html">”Tory MP stopped and searched by police for taking photos of cycle path”</a>&#32;(på engelska). Daily Telegraph. 6 januari 2009<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/conservative/4144210/Tory-MP-stopped-and-searched-by-police-for-taking-photos-of-cycle-path.html">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/conservative/4144210/Tory-MP-stopped-and-searched-by-police-for-taking-photos-of-cycle-path.html</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 5 april 2015</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Tory+MP+stopped+and+searched+by+police+for+taking+photos+of+cycle+path&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.date=6+januari+2009&amp;rft.pub=Daily+Telegraph&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewstopics%2Fpolitics%2Fconservative%2F4144210%2FTory-MP-stopped-and-searched-by-police-for-taking-photos-of-cycle-path.html&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Panoramafrihet"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-overs-37"><a href="#cite_ref-overs_37-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="news" id="CITEREFDavenport2009">Davenport, Justin&#32;(27 november 2009).&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091130161651/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23776068-bbc-man-in-terror-quiz-for-photographing-st-pauls-sunset.do">”BBC man in terror quiz for photographing St Paul's sunset”</a>&#32;(på engelska). Evening Standard. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23776068-bbc-man-in-terror-quiz-for-photographing-st-pauls-sunset.do">originalet</a>&#32;den 30 november 2009<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091130161651/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23776068-bbc-man-in-terror-quiz-for-photographing-st-pauls-sunset.do">https://web.archive.org/web/20091130161651/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23776068-bbc-man-in-terror-quiz-for-photographing-st-pauls-sunset.do</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 5 april 2015</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=BBC+man+in+terror+quiz+for+photographing+St+Paul%27s+sunset&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.aulast=Davenport&amp;rft.aufirst=Justin&amp;rft.au=Davenport%2C+Justin&amp;rft.date=27+november+2009&amp;rft.pub=Evening+Standard&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20091130161651%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisislondon.co.uk%2Fstandard%2Farticle-23776068-bbc-man-in-terror-quiz-for-photographing-st-pauls-sunset.do&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Panoramafrihet"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sec44-38"><a href="#cite_ref-sec44_38-0">^</a> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140707060834/http://www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk/human-rights/justice-and-fair-trials/stop-and-search/section-44-terrorism-act">”Section 44 Terrorism Act”</a>&#32;(på engelska). Liberty. Arkiverad från <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk/human-rights/justice-and-fair-trials/stop-and-search/section-44-terrorism-act">originalet</a>&#32;den 7 juli 2014<span class="printonly">. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140707060834/http://www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk/human-rights/justice-and-fair-trials/stop-and-search/section-44-terrorism-act">https://web.archive.org/web/20140707060834/http://www.liberty-human-rights.org.uk/human-rights/justice-and-fair-trials/stop-and-search/section-44-terrorism-act</a></span><span class="reference-accessdate">.&#32;Läst 5 april 2015</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.btitle=Section+44+Terrorism+Act&amp;rft.atitle=&amp;rft.pub=Liberty&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20140707060834%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberty-human-rights.org.uk%2Fhuman-rights%2Fjustice-and-fair-trials%2Fstop-and-search%2Fsection-44-terrorism-act&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Panoramafrihet"><span style="display: none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externa_länkar"><span id="Externa_l.C3.A4nkar"></span>Externa länkar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Redigera avsnitt: Externa länkar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigera</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panoramafrihet&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Redigera avsnitts källkod: Externa länkar"><span>redigera wikitext</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> Wikimedia Commons har media som rör <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Freedom_of_panorama" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Freedom of panorama">Panoramafrihet</a>.<div class="interProject commons" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Freedom_of_panorama" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Freedom of panorama">Bilder &amp; media</a></div></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r56287950">.mw-parser-output table.navbox{border:#aaa 1px solid;width:100%;margin:auto;margin-top:1em;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output link+table.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output table.navbox th{text-align:center;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title button,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title .mw-collapsible-text,.mw-parser-output .navbox-thlinkcolor .navbox-title a{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks a,.mw-parser-output .nowraplinks .selflink{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;font-weight:bold;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Mall:Upphovsr%C3%A4tt" title="Mall:Upphovsrätt"><span title="Visa denna mall" style="border:none;;">v</span></a>&#160;<span style="font-size:80%;">•</span>&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mall:Upphovsr%C3%A4tt&amp;action=edit"><span style="border:none;;" title="Redigera den här mallen">r</span></a></div></div><span style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Upphovsr%C3%A4tt" title="Upphovsrätt">Upphovsrätt</a></span></th></tr><tr style="height:2px;"><td></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Termer</td><td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Attribuering" title="Attribuering">Attribuering</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Copyright" class="mw-redirect" title="Copyright">Copyright</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%96ppen_tillg%C3%A5ng" title="Öppen tillgång">Öppen tillgång</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6ljer%C3%A4tt" title="Följerätt">Följerätt</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Ideell_upphovsr%C3%A4tt" title="Ideell upphovsrätt">Ideell upphovsrätt</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Immaterialr%C3%A4tt" title="Immaterialrätt">Immaterialrätt</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Immateriell_tillg%C3%A5ng" title="Immateriell tillgång">Immateriell tillgång</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Katalogskydd" title="Katalogskydd">Katalogskydd</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A4rarundantag" title="Lärarundantag">Lärarundantag</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nsterskydd" title="Mönsterskydd">Mönsterskydd</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">Patent</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Royalty" title="Royalty">Royalty</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Upphovsman" title="Upphovsman">Upphovsman</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Varum%C3%A4rke" title="Varumärke">Varumärke</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Varum%C3%A4rkesskydd" title="Varumärkesskydd">Varumärkesskydd</a></i>)<span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;· </span> <a href="/wiki/Verksh%C3%B6jd" title="Verkshöjd">Verkshöjd</a></div></td><td style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="7"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Randcmark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Randcmark.jpg/120px-Randcmark.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Randcmark.jpg/180px-Randcmark.jpg 1.5x, 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