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from <a href="/w/index.php?title=GMB_Union&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="GMB Union">GMB Union</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">General trade union in the United Kingdom</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">GMB</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div>GMB<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GMB_trade_union_logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="This is the logo of the GMB." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/GMB_trade_union_logo.jpg/150px-GMB_trade_union_logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/GMB_trade_union_logo.jpg/225px-GMB_trade_union_logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/GMB_trade_union_logo.jpg/300px-GMB_trade_union_logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">1889</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Members </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 570,107 (2022)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gary_Smith_(trade_unionist)" title="Gary Smith (trade unionist)">Gary Smith</a> (Gen Sec)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress">TUC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_Congress_of_Trade_Unions" title="Irish Congress of Trade Unions">ICTU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Trades_Union_Congress" title="Scottish Trades Union Congress">STUC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Shipbuilding_and_Engineering_Unions" title="Confederation of Shipbuilding and Engineering Unions">CSEU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_European_Federation_of_Public_Service_Unions" class="mw-redirect" title="The European Federation of Public Service Unions">The European Federation of Public Service Unions</a>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gmb.org.uk">www<wbr />.gmb<wbr />.org<wbr />.uk</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>GMB</b> is a <a href="/wiki/General_union" title="General union">general</a> <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade union</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> which has more than 560,000 members. Its members work in nearly all industrial sectors, in retail, security, schools, distribution, the utilities, social care, the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> (NHS), ambulance service and local government. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structural_history">Structural history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GMB_(trade_union)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Structural history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Founded in March 1889, it grew rapidly under the inspirational leadership of Will Thorne (1857-1946), to become a national union, winning a series of disputes in 1889 and gaining concessions on pay, conditions, and the introduction of the Eight Hour Day for its members. GMB merge, beginning when the <a href="/wiki/National_Amalgamated_Union_of_Labour" title="National Amalgamated Union of Labour">National Amalgamated Union of Labour</a> (NAUL), <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_General_Workers_(UK)" title="National Union of General Workers (UK)">National Union of General Workers</a> (NUGW) and the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Employees_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Employees Association">Municipal Employees Association</a> (MEA) in 1924 joined into a new union, named the National Union of General and Municipal Workers (NUGMW). Although the new union was one of the largest in the country it grew relatively slowly over the following decades; this changed in the 1970s when <a href="/wiki/David_Basnett" title="David Basnett">David Basnett</a> created new sections for staff, and hotel and catering workers, and changed the union's name to the General and Municipal Workers' Union (GMWU) in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1982, following a merger with the <a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_Society_of_Boilermakers,_Shipwrights,_Blacksmiths_and_Structural_Workers" title="Amalgamated Society of Boilermakers, Shipwrights, Blacksmiths and Structural Workers">Amalgamated Society of Boilermakers, Shipwrights, Blacksmiths and Structural Workers</a> (ASBSBSW), the union was renamed the General, Municipal, Boilermakers and Allied Trade Union (GMBATU). This was sometimes shortened to "GMB", which in 1987 became the official name of the union.<sup id="cite_ref-marsh_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marsh-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For several years following the highly contested merger <a href="/wiki/Boilermaker" title="Boilermaker">boilermaker</a> members retained a distinct identity in GMB's Craft Section. </p><p>The union has absorbed the following smaller unions:<sup id="cite_ref-marsh_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marsh-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1924: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chatham_Government_Labourers%27_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chatham Government Labourers' Union (page does not exist)">Chatham Government Labourers' Union</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=St_Helens_Sheet_Glass_Flatteners%27_Trade_Protection_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="St Helens Sheet Glass Flatteners' Trade Protection Society (page does not exist)">St Helens Sheet Glass Flatteners' Trade Protection Society</a></li> <li>1929: <a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Iron_Ore_Miners_and_Kindred_Trades_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Cumberland Iron Ore Miners and Kindred Trades Association">Cumberland Iron Ore Miners and Kindred Trades Association</a></li> <li>1931: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cleveland_Ironstone_Quarrymens%27_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cleveland Ironstone Quarrymens' Association (page does not exist)">Cleveland Ironstone Quarrymens' Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_and_Cleveland_Miners%27_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yorkshire and Cleveland Miners' Association">North Yorkshire and Cleveland Miners' Association</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saw_Grinders_Trades_Protection_Society_of_Sheffield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saw Grinders Trades Protection Society of Sheffield (page does not exist)">Saw Grinders Trades Protection Society of Sheffield</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_National_Union_of_Quarryworkers_and_Settmakers" title="Amalgamated National Union of Quarryworkers and Settmakers">Amalgamated National Union of Quarryworkers and Settmakers</a></li> <li>1935: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Southern_Counties_Agricultural_and_Rural_Workers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Southern Counties Agricultural and Rural Workers (page does not exist)">Southern Counties Agricultural and Rural Workers</a></li> <li>1936: <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Society_of_Woolcombers_and_Allied_Trades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Society of Woolcombers and Allied Trades (page does not exist)">National Society of Woolcombers and Allied Trades</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Welsh_Artisans%27_United_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Welsh Artisans' United Association (page does not exist)">Welsh Artisans' United Association</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saw_Handle_Makers%27_Trade_Society_of_Sheffield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saw Handle Makers' Trade Society of Sheffield (page does not exist)">Saw Handle Makers' Trade Society of Sheffield</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aircraft_Inspectors%27_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aircraft Inspectors' Association (page does not exist)">Aircraft Inspectors' Association</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Edge_Tool_Trade_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Edge Tool Trade Society (page does not exist)">National Edge Tool Trade Society</a></li> <li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GMB_Union_banner_at_a_demonstration_in_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/GMB_Union_banner_at_a_demonstration_in_2018.jpg/220px-GMB_Union_banner_at_a_demonstration_in_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/GMB_Union_banner_at_a_demonstration_in_2018.jpg/330px-GMB_Union_banner_at_a_demonstration_in_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/GMB_Union_banner_at_a_demonstration_in_2018.jpg/440px-GMB_Union_banner_at_a_demonstration_in_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>GMB Union banner at the <a href="/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress">TUC</a> New Deal demonstration in 2018</figcaption></figure>1955: <a href="/w/index.php?title=South_Durham_and_North_Yorkshire_Salt_Makers%27_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South Durham and North Yorkshire Salt Makers' Union (page does not exist)">South Durham and North Yorkshire Salt Makers' Union</a></li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/National_Cutlery_Union" title="National Cutlery Union">National Cutlery Union</a></li> <li>1958: <a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Airways_Administrative_Staffs_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Airways Administrative Staffs Association (page does not exist)">British Airways Administrative Staffs Association</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastic_Web_Weavers%27_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elastic Web Weavers' Union (page does not exist)">Elastic Web Weavers' Union</a></li> <li>1964: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amalgamated_Union_of_File_Trades&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amalgamated Union of File Trades (page does not exist)">Amalgamated Union of File Trades</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulster_Transport_and_Allied_Operatives_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulster Transport and Allied Operatives Union (page does not exist)">Ulster Transport and Allied Operatives Union</a></li> <li>1965: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stoke_Prior_Salt_Makers%27,_Mechanics%27_and_General_Labourers%27_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stoke Prior Salt Makers', Mechanics' and General Labourers' Union (page does not exist)">Stoke Prior Salt Makers', Mechanics' and General Labourers' Union</a></li> <li>1966: <a href="/w/index.php?title=HM_Stationery_Staff_Machine_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HM Stationery Staff Machine Association (page does not exist)">HM Stationery Staff Machine Association</a></li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Metal_Workers%27_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Metal Workers' Union">Scottish Metal Workers' Union</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Operative_Glaziers%27_Society&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scottish Operative Glaziers' Society (page does not exist)">Scottish Operative Glaziers' Society</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wool,_Yarn_and_Warehouse_Workers%27_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wool, Yarn and Warehouse Workers' Union (page does not exist)">Wool, Yarn and Warehouse Workers' Union</a></li> <li>1969: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_of_Salt,_Chemical_and_Industrial_General_Workers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union of Salt, Chemical and Industrial General Workers (page does not exist)">Union of Salt, Chemical and Industrial General Workers</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Winsford_Salt_Makers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Winsford Salt Makers (page does not exist)">Winsford Salt Makers</a></li> <li>1972: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manchester_Warehouse_Employees_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manchester Warehouse Employees Association (page does not exist)">Manchester Warehouse Employees Association</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Waterworks_Employees" class="mw-redirect" title="National Union of Waterworks Employees">National Union of Waterworks Employees</a></li> <li>1974: <a href="/w/index.php?title=BSR_Staff_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BSR Staff Association (page does not exist)">BSR Staff Association</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Pen_Workers%27_Federation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Pen Workers' Federation (page does not exist)">National Pen Workers' Federation</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Rubber,_Plastic_and_Allied_Workers%27_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="United Rubber, Plastic and Allied Workers' Union">United Rubber, Plastic and Allied Workers' Union</a></li> <li>1975: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scottish_Football_Players%27_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scottish Football Players' Union (page does not exist)">Scottish Football Players' Union</a></li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/Coopers_and_Allied_Workers%27_Federation_of_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Coopers and Allied Workers' Federation of Great Britain">Coopers and Allied Workers' Federation of Great Britain</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_Society_of_Boilermakers,_Shipwrights,_Blacksmiths_and_Structural_Workers" title="Amalgamated Society of Boilermakers, Shipwrights, Blacksmiths and Structural Workers">Amalgamated Society of Boilermakers, Shipwrights, Blacksmiths and Structural Workers</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Northern_Ireland_Professional_Footballers%27_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northern Ireland Professional Footballers' Association (page does not exist)">Northern Ireland Professional Footballers' Association</a></li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Lace_and_Textile_Workers%27_Union" title="Scottish Lace and Textile Workers' Union">Scottish Lace and Textile Workers' Union</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_Textile_Warehouse_Operatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Amalgamated Textile Warehouse Operatives">Amalgamated Textile Warehouse Operatives</a> (two branches), <a href="/wiki/Amalgamated_Textile_Workers%27_Union" title="Amalgamated Textile Workers' Union">Amalgamated Textile Workers' Union</a> (plus eight affiliates)</li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Staff_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater London Staff Association">Greater London Staff Association</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Professional,_Executive_and_Computer_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Association of Professional, Executive and Computer Staff">Association of Professional, Executive and Computer Staff</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Professional_Music_Therapists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Professional Music Therapists (page does not exist)">Association of Professional Music Therapists</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legal_Aid_Staff_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legal Aid Staff Association (page does not exist)">Legal Aid Staff Association</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Union_of_Labour_Organisers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Union of Labour Organisers (page does not exist)">National Union of Labour Organisers</a></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Furniture,_Timber_and_Allied_Trades_Union" title="Furniture, Timber and Allied Trades Union">Furniture, Timber and Allied Trades Union</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Tailors_and_Garment_Workers" title="National Union of Tailors and Garment Workers">National Union of Tailors and Garment Workers</a></li> <li>1998: <a href="/w/index.php?title=British_Gas_Managers%27_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="British Gas Managers' Association (page does not exist)">British Gas Managers' Association</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Managerial_and_Professional_Officers" title="Managerial and Professional Officers">Managerial and Professional Officers</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Sex_Workers" title="International Union of Sex Workers">International Union of Sex Workers</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/General_Union_of_Loom_Overlookers" title="General Union of Loom Overlookers">General Union of Loom Overlookers</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambulance_Service_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambulance Service Union (page does not exist)">Ambulance Service Union</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Community_and_District_Nursing_Association" title="Community and District Nursing Association">Community and District Nursing Association</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Unity_(trade_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Unity (trade union)">Unity</a></li></ul> <p>In 1992, the GMB for the first time allocated all of its members to one of eight industrial sections: clothing and textiles; commercial services; construction, furniture and allied; energy and utilities; engineering; food and leisure; process; and public services.<sup id="cite_ref-marsh_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marsh-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The GMB's sections were rationalised in 2006, with the union since then consisting of GMB Commercial Services, GMB Manufacturing, and GMB Public Services.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thorne_Credit_Union">Thorne Credit Union</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GMB_(trade_union)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Thorne Credit Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thorne Credit Union Limited is a savings and loans <a href="/wiki/Co-operative" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-operative">co-operative</a> established by the trade union for its members in 1998. Trading as TCU Money, it began life as GMB Lancashire Region Credit Union and was rolled out nationwide in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TCU is named after <a href="/wiki/Will_Thorne" title="Will Thorne">Will Thorne</a>, founder of NUGW forerunner, the <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Gas_Workers_and_General_Labourers" class="mw-redirect" title="National Union of Gas Workers and General Labourers">National Union of Gas Workers and General Labourers</a> and one of the first <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour</a> <a href="/wiki/Members_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Members of Parliament">Members of Parliament</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Credit_union" title="Credit union">credit union</a> is authorised by the <a href="/wiki/Prudential_Regulation_Authority_(United_Kingdom)" title="Prudential Regulation Authority (United Kingdom)">Prudential Regulation Authority</a> and regulated by the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Conduct_Authority" title="Financial Conduct Authority">Financial Conduct Authority</a> and the PRA. Ultimately, like the banks and building societies, members' savings are protected against business failure by the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Services_Compensation_Scheme" title="Financial Services Compensation Scheme">Financial Services Compensation Scheme</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmark_Uber_employment_tribunal_case">Landmark Uber employment tribunal case</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GMB_(trade_union)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Landmark Uber employment tribunal case"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GMB_Union_ad_banner_in_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/GMB_Union_ad_banner_in_2019.jpg/170px-GMB_Union_ad_banner_in_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/GMB_Union_ad_banner_in_2019.jpg/255px-GMB_Union_ad_banner_in_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/GMB_Union_ad_banner_in_2019.jpg/340px-GMB_Union_ad_banner_in_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="925" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>GMB lampost banner in 2019 in Brighton</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Aslam_v_Uber_BV" class="mw-redirect" title="Aslam v Uber BV">Aslam v Uber BV</a></div> <p>On 28 October 2016, in a landmark ruling if not overturned on appeal, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_London_Employment_Tribunal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central London Employment Tribunal (page does not exist)">Central London Employment Tribunal</a> ruled that <a href="/wiki/Uber" title="Uber">Uber</a> drivers are "workers" entitled to the <a href="/wiki/National_Minimum_Wage_Act_1998" title="National Minimum Wage Act 1998">minimum wage</a>, paid holiday, sick leave and other normal worker entitlements, rather than <a href="/wiki/Self-employed" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-employed">self-employed</a>. Two Uber drivers had brought the case to the employment tribunal with the assistance of the <a href="/wiki/GMB_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="GMB Union">GMB Union</a> on 20 July 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-bbc-20161028_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-20161028-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-guardian-20161028a_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-20161028a-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a test case on behalf of a group of 19 drivers.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-20161028b_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-20161028b-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence, <a href="/wiki/The_Pensions_Regulator" title="The Pensions Regulator">The Pensions Regulator</a> is considering if the ruling obliges Uber to create a workplace pension scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-ft-20161028_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ft-20161028-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ruling could have implications wider than just Uber, throughout the so-called <a href="/wiki/Gig_economy" title="Gig economy">gig economy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters-20161028_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20161028-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 10 November 2017 the <a href="/wiki/Employment_Appeal_Tribunal" title="Employment Appeal Tribunal">Employment Appeal Tribunal</a> upheld the first tribunal's ruling. Uber indicated that it would appeal further.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-20171110_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-20171110-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The law firm <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Leigh Day">Leigh Day</a> started the legal action against Uber on behalf of 25 members of the GMB union, which initially included J. Farrar and Y. Aslam, although the two pursued this latest case with a different union, the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Worker%27s_Union_of_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent Worker's Union of Great Britain">Independent Worker's Union of Great Britain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 February 2017 a similar case involving <a href="/wiki/Pimlico_Plumbers" title="Pimlico Plumbers">Pimlico Plumbers</a> was confirmed at the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_of_England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Appeal of England and Wales">Court of Appeal</a>. A worker who had suffered a heart attack was found to have been unfairly or wrongfully dismissed.<sup id="cite_ref-reuters-20170210_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reuters-20170210-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc-20170210_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-20170210-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-appeal-20170210_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-appeal-20170210-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another similar case against parcel delivery company <a href="/wiki/Hermes_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermes Group">Hermes Group</a>, supported by the GMB through lawyers Leigh Day, had a similar outcome at an employment tribunal in Leeds on 25 June 2018. Hermes are considering an appeal. The GMB stated the ruling was likely to affect 14,500 Hermes couriers.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-20180625_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-20180625-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> General Secretary, Tim Roache, described it as: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>another nail in the coffin of the exploitative, bogus self-employment model which is increasingly rife across the UK ... Bosses can’t just pick and choose which laws to obey. Workers' rights were hard won, GMB isn’t about to sit back and let them be eroded or removed by the latest loophole employers have come up with to make a few extra quid.<sup id="cite_ref-guardian-20180625_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guardian-20180625-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_activity">Political activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GMB_(trade_union)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Political activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GMB_trade_union_building,_Liverpool_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/GMB_trade_union_building%2C_Liverpool_%282%29.jpg/170px-GMB_trade_union_building%2C_Liverpool_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/GMB_trade_union_building%2C_Liverpool_%282%29.jpg/255px-GMB_trade_union_building%2C_Liverpool_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/GMB_trade_union_building%2C_Liverpool_%282%29.jpg/340px-GMB_trade_union_building%2C_Liverpool_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3240" data-file-height="4320" /></a><figcaption>GMB offices in Liverpool</figcaption></figure> <p>GMB is one of the three largest affiliates of the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>. It is a significant financial contributor to the party's national and local organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GMB gives Labour up to £2m a year in affiliation fees and other funds, making it the third largest union donor to the party.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1991, GMB was the first British trade union to set up an office in Brussels and has been particularly engaged in seeking to influence <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> legislation that sets minimum standards for workers and for health and safety across the EU single market. </p><p>In 2008, GMB Congress voted to withdraw local funding from around a third of the 108 Labour MPs whose constituencies received support from GMB, due to the perception that some MPs within the party were treating workers with "contempt" and generally not working in the interests of the working class and GMB members.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite this the Congress opposed disaffiliation from the party. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2010_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2010 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2010 Labour Leadership Election</a>, GMB endorsed <a href="/wiki/Ed_Miliband" title="Ed Miliband">Ed Miliband</a> over his competitor and brother <a href="/wiki/David_Miliband" title="David Miliband">David Miliband</a>. </p><p>In 2013, GMB announced it was cutting its affiliation fund from £1.2m to £150,000 by reducing the number of members it affiliates from 420,000 to 50,000.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, GMB Congress, the lay member ruling body, adopted a 14-point plan to encourage GMB members to become active in the Labour Party and to stand as Labour candidates for public office (Parliament and local government). GMB has two representatives on the <a href="/wiki/National_Executive_Committee_of_the_Labour_Party" title="National Executive Committee of the Labour Party">National Executive Committee (NEC)</a> of the Labour Party, Kathy Abu-Bakir and Gavin Sibthorpe. In Ireland, GMB is affiliated to the Irish <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Labour Party (Ireland)">Labour Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While in the <a href="/wiki/2015_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2015 Labour leadership election</a> GMB did not endorse a candidate, in the <a href="/wiki/2016_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2016 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2016 Labour leadership election</a>, the union endorsed <a href="/wiki/Owen_Smith" title="Owen Smith">Owen Smith</a> against incumbent leader <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a>. </p><p>Under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Jeremy Corbyn</a>, the GMB clashed with the party over the issues of <a href="/wiki/Trident_nuclear_programme" class="mw-redirect" title="Trident nuclear programme">Trident renewal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fracking" title="Fracking">fracking</a>, both of which are opposed by Corbyn.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2020_Labour_Party_leadership_election_(UK)" title="2020 Labour Party leadership election (UK)">2020 Labour leadership election</a>, the GMB endorsed <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Nandy" title="Lisa Nandy">Lisa Nandy</a>, who subsequently finished third. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GMB_(trade_union)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The GMB is led by a general secretary and treasurer. In 2005 <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kenny_(trade_unionist)" title="Paul Kenny (trade unionist)">Paul Kenny</a> was appointed the acting general secretary, in place of Kevin Curran who stepped down after being suspended on full pay during an inquiry into ballot-rigging during the union's leadership election. The episode was seen as a power struggle between the national office and powerful regional heads, led by Kenny, who opposed centralisation. Kenny had lost the 2003 vote to Curran. In May 2006, Kenny was elected unopposed as general secretary. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tim_Roache" title="Tim Roache">Tim Roache</a> was elected as general secretary and treasurer in November 2015, receiving 56.7% of the vote on a turnout of 4.2%, beating the one other candidate, Paul McCarthy.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Roache took up the post in 2016, but resigned in April 2020 after allegations of harassment.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_Secretaries">General Secretaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GMB_(trade_union)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: General Secretaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>1924: <a href="/wiki/Will_Thorne" title="Will Thorne">Will Thorne</a></dd> <dd>1934: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dukes,_1st_Baron_Dukeston" title="Charles Dukes, 1st Baron Dukeston">Charles Dukes</a></dd> <dd>1946: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Williamson,_Baron_Williamson" title="Tom Williamson, Baron Williamson">Tom Williamson</a></dd> <dd>1962: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Cooper,_Baron_Cooper_of_Stockton_Heath" title="Jack Cooper, Baron Cooper of Stockton Heath">Jack Cooper</a></dd> <dd>1973: <a href="/wiki/David_Basnett" title="David Basnett">David Basnett</a></dd> <dd>1986: <a href="/wiki/John_Edmonds_(trade_unionist)" title="John Edmonds (trade unionist)">John Edmonds</a></dd> <dd>2003: <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Curran_(trade_unionist)" title="Kevin Curran (trade unionist)">Kevin Curran</a></dd> <dd>2005: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kenny_(trade_unionist)" title="Paul Kenny (trade unionist)">Paul Kenny</a></dd> <dd>2016: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Roache" title="Tim Roache">Tim Roache</a></dd> <dd>2021: <a href="/wiki/Gary_Smith_(trade_unionist)" title="Gary Smith (trade unionist)">Gary Smith</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deputy_General_Secretaries">Deputy General Secretaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GMB_(trade_union)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Deputy General Secretaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This post was known as "assistant general secretary" until 1935. </p> <dl><dd>1924: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Tevenan" title="Peter Tevenan">Peter Tevenan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Spence_(trade_unionist)" title="Ralph Spence (trade unionist)">Ralph Spence</a></dd> <dd>1933: Ralph Spence</dd> <dd>1935: <i>Post abolished</i></dd> <dd>1991: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Burlison,_Baron_Burlison" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Burlison, Baron Burlison">Tom Burlison</a></dd> <dd>1996: Steve Pickering</dd> <dd>2003: <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Coulter" title="Debbie Coulter">Debbie Coulter</a></dd> <dd>2008: <i>Post vacant</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents">Presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GMB_(trade_union)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This position was known as "Chair of the Executive" or "National Chairman" from 1938 until the early 1990s. </p> <dl><dd>1924: <a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">J. R. Clynes</a></dd> <dd>1938: <a href="/wiki/Fred_Marshall_(British_politician)" title="Fred Marshall (British politician)">Fred Marshall</a></dd> <dd>1946: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_William_Kerry" title="Thomas William Kerry">Thomas William Kerry</a></dd> <dd>1949: <a href="/wiki/William_E._Hopkin" title="William E. Hopkin">William E. Hopkin</a></dd> <dd>1952: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Cooper,_Baron_Cooper_of_Stockton_Heath" title="Jack Cooper, Baron Cooper of Stockton Heath">Jack Cooper</a></dd> <dd>1962: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Swindell" title="Bernard Swindell">Bernard Swindell</a></dd> <dd>1964: Charles Smith</dd> <dd>1970: <a href="/wiki/Alex_M._Donnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Alex M. Donnet">Alex M. Donnet</a></dd> <dd>1976: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Oliver_Gladwin,_Baron_Gladwin_of_Clee" class="mw-redirect" title="Derek Oliver Gladwin, Baron Gladwin of Clee">Derek Gladwin</a></dd> <dd>1982: <a href="/wiki/Dick_Pickering" title="Dick Pickering">Dick Pickering</a></dd> <dd>1987: James Morrell</dd> <dd>1988: Olga Mean</dd> <dd>1992: Dick Pickering</dd> <dd>1997: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Turner_(trade_unionist)" title="Mary Turner (trade unionist)">Mary Turner</a></dd> <dd>2018: Barbara Plant</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2020_internal_inquiry">2020 internal inquiry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GMB_(trade_union)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2020 internal inquiry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2020, following the resignation of general secretary <a href="/wiki/Tim_Roache" title="Tim Roache">Tim Roache</a> and subsequently receiving anonymous allegations, the union conducted a barrister-led internal inquiry.<sup id="cite_ref-sky-20200429_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sky-20200429-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This concluded that bullying, misogyny, cronyism and sexual harassment were "endemic" within the union. More specifically the report stated "The GMB is institutionally sexist. The General Secretaries and all regional secretaries are, and always have been, men. Women are underrepresented throughout the GMB’s ranks", concluding that culture must change for the GMB to become a safe and rewarding place for women.<sup id="cite_ref-belfasttelegraph-20200902_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-belfasttelegraph-20200902-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The report made 27 recommendations for change, on which the union's National President, Barbara Plant, promised to act.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports_sponsorship">Sports sponsorship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GMB_(trade_union)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sports sponsorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The GMB sponsors the <a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Panthers" title="Nottingham Panthers">Nottingham Panthers</a> <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> team<sup id="cite_ref-panthers_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-panthers-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Castleford_Tigers" title="Castleford Tigers">Castleford Tigers</a> <a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">rugby league</a> team. </p><p>Until May 2011 it sponsored <a href="/wiki/Swindon_Town_F.C." title="Swindon Town F.C.">Swindon Town Football Club</a>, but when <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Di_Canio" title="Paolo Di Canio">Paolo Di Canio</a> was appointed manager the GMB terminated the relationship because of Di Canio's political views. A GMB spokesman said: "He has openly voiced support for Mussolini so it beggars belief that Swindon could have appointed him, especially given the multi-ethnic nature of the team and the town."<sup id="cite_ref-stfc_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stfc-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The union sponsored <a href="/wiki/Port_Vale_F.C." title="Port Vale F.C.">Port Vale</a> for the 2013–14 football season.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GMB_(trade_union)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Syndicalism.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/28px-Syndicalism.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/42px-Syndicalism.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Syndicalism.svg/56px-Syndicalism.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Organised_labour" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Organised labour">Organised labour portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_trade_unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of trade unions in the United Kingdom">History of trade unions in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_UK_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of UK unions">List of UK unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions" title="List of trade unions">List of trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Professional,_Executive,_Clerical_and_Computer_Staff" title="Association of Professional, Executive, Clerical and Computer Staff">Association of Professional, Executive, Clerical and Computer Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.M.B._National_College" class="mw-redirect" title="G.M.B. National College">G.M.B. National College</a>, Manchester</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Credit_unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Credit unions in the United Kingdom">Credit unions in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smudge_(People%27s_Palace_cat)" title="Smudge (People's Palace cat)">Smudge (People's Palace cat)</a>, the only official feline member</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GMB_(trade_union)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/gmb-annual-returns">"GMB: annual returns"</a>. GOV.UK. 11 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GMB%3A+annual+returns&rft.pub=GOV.UK&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fpublications%2Fgmb-annual-returns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGMB+%28trade+union%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1173057/707T_2022.pdf">"GMB Form AR21 for year ended 31st December 2022"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>GOV.UK</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GMB&rft.atitle=Independent+Investigation&rft.date=2020-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmb.org.uk%2Fnews%2Findependent-investigation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGMB+%28trade+union%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-panthers-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-panthers_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120410192919/http://www.panthers.co.uk/SEFS/ID.9/SEFE/ViewItem.asp">"The Official Website of the Nottingham Panthers"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panthers.co.uk/SEFS/ID.9/SEFE/ViewItem.asp">the original</a> on 10 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Official+Website+of+the+Nottingham+Panthers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panthers.co.uk%2FSEFS%2FID.9%2FSEFE%2FViewItem.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGMB+%28trade+union%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stfc-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-stfc_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/may/21/swindon-di-canio-sponsor-gmb">"Swindon sponsor pulls out after Paolo Di Canio appointment"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>. 21 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sentinel&rft.atitle=Valiants+strike+up+a+new+union&rft.date=2013-06-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisisstaffordshire.co.uk%2FPort-Vale-Valiants-strike-new-union%2Fstory-19418512-detail%2Fstory.html%23axzz2X2dLQHfQ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGMB+%28trade+union%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GMB_(trade_union)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gmb.org.uk">Official 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.navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="GMB" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:GMB_(trade_union)" title="Template:GMB (trade union)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:GMB_(trade_union)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:GMB (trade union) (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:GMB_(trade_union)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:GMB (trade union)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="GMB" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GMB</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General Secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1924: <a href="/wiki/Will_Thorne" title="Will Thorne">Will Thorne</a></li> <li>1934: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dukes,_1st_Baron_Dukeston" title="Charles Dukes, 1st Baron Dukeston">Charles Dukes</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Williamson,_Baron_Williamson" title="Tom Williamson, Baron Williamson">Tom Williamson</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Cooper,_Baron_Cooper_of_Stockton_Heath" title="Jack Cooper, Baron Cooper of Stockton Heath">Jack Cooper</a></li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/David_Basnett" title="David Basnett">David Basnett</a></li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/John_Edmonds_(trade_unionist)" title="John Edmonds (trade unionist)">John Edmonds</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Curran_(trade_unionist)" title="Kevin Curran (trade unionist)">Kevin Curran</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kenny_(trade_unionist)" title="Paul Kenny (trade unionist)">Paul Kenny</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Roache" title="Tim Roache">Tim Roache</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Gary_Smith_(trade_unionist)" title="Gary Smith (trade unionist)">Gary Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deputy and Assistant<br />General Secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1924: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Tevenan" title="Peter Tevenan">Peter Tevenan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Spence_(trade_unionist)" title="Ralph Spence (trade unionist)">Ralph Spence</a></li> <li>1933: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Spence_(trade_unionist)" title="Ralph Spence (trade unionist)">Ralph Spence</a></li> <li>1935: <i>Abolished</i></li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Burlison,_Baron_Burlison" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Burlison, Baron Burlison">Tom Burlison</a></li> <li>1996: Steve Pickering</li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/Debbie_Coulter" title="Debbie Coulter">Debbie Coulter</a></li> <li>2008: <i>Vacant</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1924: <a href="/wiki/J._R._Clynes" title="J. R. Clynes">J. R. Clynes</a></li> <li>1938: <a href="/wiki/Fred_Marshall_(British_politician)" title="Fred Marshall (British politician)">Fred Marshall</a></li> <li>1946: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_William_Kerry" title="Thomas William Kerry">T. W. Kerry</a></li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/William_E._Hopkin" title="William E. Hopkin">William E. Hopkin</a></li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Cooper,_Baron_Cooper_of_Stockton_Heath" title="Jack Cooper, Baron Cooper of Stockton Heath">Jack Cooper</a></li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Swindell" title="Bernard Swindell">Bernard Swindell</a></li> <li>1964: Charles Smith</li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Alex_M._Donnet" class="mw-redirect" title="Alex M. Donnet">Alex M. Donnet</a></li> <li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Derek_Gladwin,_Baron_Gladwin_of_Clee" title="Derek Gladwin, Baron Gladwin of Clee">Derek Gladwin</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Dick_Pickering" title="Dick Pickering">Dick Pickering</a></li> <li>1987: James Morrell</li> <li>1988: Olga Mean</li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Dick_Pickering" title="Dick Pickering">Dick Pickering</a></li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Mary_Turner_(trade_unionist)" title="Mary Turner (trade unionist)">Mary Turner</a></li> <li>2018: Barbara Plant</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forerunners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Employees%27_Association" title="Municipal Employees' Association">Municipal Employees' Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Amalgamated_Union_of_Labour" title="National Amalgamated Union of Labour">National Amalgamated Union of Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_General_Workers_(UK)" title="National Union of General Workers (UK)">National Union of General Workers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Uber_BV_v_Aslam" title="Uber BV v Aslam">Uber BV v Aslam</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Muslim_Heritage_Centre" title="British Muslim Heritage Centre">GMB National College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Trades_Union_Congress" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Trades_Union_Congress" title="Template:Trades Union Congress"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Trades_Union_Congress" title="Template talk:Trades Union Congress"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Trades_Union_Congress" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Trades Union Congress"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Trades_Union_Congress" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress">Trades Union Congress</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Positions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress" title="General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress#Deputy_General_Secretaries_of_the_TUC" title="General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress">Deputy General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress#Assistant_General_Secretaries_of_the_TUC" title="General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress">Assistant General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress" title="General Council of the Trades Union Congress">General Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress" title="President of the Trades Union Congress">President</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Council_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress" title="General Council of the Trades Union Congress">General Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Committee_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress" title="Parliamentary Committee of the Trades Union Congress">Parliamentary Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_TUC" title="Wales TUC">Wales TUC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_affiliates_of_the_Trades_Union_Congress" title="List of affiliates of the Trades Union Congress">Affiliates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accord_(trade_union)" title="Accord (trade union)">Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advance_(trade_union)" title="Advance (trade union)">Advance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegis_the_Union" title="Aegis the Union">Aegis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artists%27_Union_England&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artists' Union England (page does not exist)">AUE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASLEF" title="ASLEF">ASLEF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Educational_Psychologists" title="Association of Educational Psychologists">AEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Flight_Attendants_(UK)" title="Association of Flight Attendants (UK)">AFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakers,_Food_and_Allied_Workers%27_Union" title="Bakers, Food and Allied Workers' Union">BFAWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Airline_Pilots%27_Association" title="British Airline Pilots' Association">BALPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Dietetic_Association" title="British Dietetic Association">BDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_and_Irish_Orthoptic_Society" title="British and Irish Orthoptic Society">BOSTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Society_of_Physiotherapy" title="Chartered Society of Physiotherapy">CSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_Workers_Union_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communication Workers Union (UK)">CWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_(trade_union)" title="Community (trade union)">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_Institute_of_Scotland" title="Educational Institute of Scotland">EIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_(trade_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="Equity (trade union)">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDA_(trade_union)" title="FDA (trade union)">FDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Brigades_Union" title="Fire Brigades Union">FBU</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GMB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_Consultants_and_Specialists_Association" title="Hospital Consultants and Specialists Association">HCSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musicians%27_Union_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Musicians' Union (UK)">MU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napo_(trade_union)" title="Napo (trade union)">Napo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Head_Teachers" title="National Association of Head Teachers">NAHT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Racing_Staff" title="National Association of Racing Staff">NARS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASUWT" title="NASUWT">NASUWT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Education_Union" title="National Education Union">NEU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Society_for_Education_in_Art_and_Design&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Society for Education in Art and Design (page does not exist)">NSEAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Journalists" title="National Union of Journalists">NUJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Nautilus UK">Nautilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Mineworkers_(Great_Britain)" title="National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)">NUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationwide_Group_Staff_Union" title="Nationwide Group Staff Union">NGSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POA_(trade_union)" title="POA (trade union)">POA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Footballers%27_Association" title="Professional Footballers' Association">PFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_(trade_union)" title="Prospect (trade union)">Prospect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_and_Commercial_Services_Union" title="Public and Commercial Services Union">PCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Midwives" title="Royal College of Midwives">RCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMT_(trade_union)" title="RMT (trade union)">RMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Chiropodists_and_Podiatrists" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Chiropodists and Podiatrists">SCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Radiographers" title="Society of Radiographers">SoR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Salaried_Staffs%27_Association" title="Transport Salaried Staffs' Association">TSSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undeb_Cenedlaethol_Athrawon_Cymru" title="Undeb Cenedlaethol Athrawon Cymru">UCAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Shop,_Distributive_and_Allied_Workers" title="Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers">USDAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNISON" class="mw-redirect" title="UNISON">UNISON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Union" title="Unite the Union">Unite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Road_Transport_Union" title="United Road Transport Union">URTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_and_College_Union" title="University and College Union">UCU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers%27_Guild_of_Great_Britain" title="Writers' Guild of Great Britain">WGGB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Category:Trades_Union_Congress" title="Category:Trades Union Congress">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Trades_Union_Congress" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Trades Union Congress">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Irish_Congress_of_Trade_Unions" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Irish_Congress_of_Trade_Unions" title="Template:Irish Congress of Trade Unions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Irish_Congress_of_Trade_Unions" title="Template talk:Irish Congress of Trade Unions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Irish_Congress_of_Trade_Unions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Irish Congress of Trade Unions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Irish_Congress_of_Trade_Unions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Congress_of_Trade_Unions" title="Irish Congress of Trade Unions">Irish Congress of Trade Unions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General Secretaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1959: <a href="/wiki/James_Larkin_Jnr" title="James Larkin Jnr">James Larkin Jnr</a></li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Crawford" title="Leo Crawford">Leo Crawford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruaidhri_Roberts" title="Ruaidhri Roberts">Ruaidhri Roberts</a></li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Ruaidhri_Roberts" title="Ruaidhri Roberts">Ruaidhri Roberts</a></li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Donal_Nevin" title="Donal Nevin">Donal Nevin</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cassells" title="Peter Cassells">Peter Cassells</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/David_Begg_(trade_unionist)" title="David Begg (trade unionist)">David Begg</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Patricia_King" title="Patricia King">Patricia King</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Owen_Reidy" title="Owen Reidy">Owen Reidy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Higher_Civil_and_Public_Servants" title="Association of Higher Civil and Public Servants">AHCPS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Irish_Traditional_Musicians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Irish Traditional Musicians (page does not exist)">AITM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Secondary_Teachers,_Ireland" title="Association of Secondary Teachers, Ireland">ASTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakers,_Food_and_Allied_Workers%27_Union" title="Bakers, Food and Allied Workers' Union">BFAWU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Building_and_Allied_Trades%27_Union" title="Building and Allied Trades' Union">BATU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartered_Society_of_Physiotherapy" title="Chartered Society of Physiotherapy">CSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_Workers_Union_(Ireland)" title="Communication Workers Union (Ireland)">CWU (Ireland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_Workers_Union_(United_Kingdom)" title="Communication Workers Union (United Kingdom)">CWU (UK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connect_(Irish_trade_union)" title="Connect (Irish trade union)">Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_Services_Union" title="Energy Services Union">ESU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_(British_trade_union)" title="Equity (British trade union)">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDA_(trade_union)" title="FDA (trade union)">FDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Services_Union" title="Financial Services Union">FSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_Brigades_Union" title="Fire Brigades Union">FBU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3rsa" title="Fórsa">Fórsa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">GMB</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guinness_Staff_Union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guinness Staff Union (page does not exist)">GSU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Federation_of_University_Teachers" title="Irish Federation of University Teachers">IFUT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Medical_Organisation" title="Irish Medical Organisation">IMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Teachers%27_Organisation" title="Irish National Teachers' Organisation">INTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Nurses_and_Midwives_Organisation" title="Irish Nurses and Midwives Organisation">INMO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_(trade_union)" title="Mandate (trade union)">Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Laboratory_Scientists%27_Association" title="Medical Laboratory Scientists' Association">MLSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Journalists" title="National Union of Journalists">NUJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASUWT" title="NASUWT">NASUWT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland_Public_Service_Alliance" title="Northern Ireland Public Service Alliance">NIPSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMT_(trade_union)" title="RMT (trade union)">RMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operative_Plasterers_and_Allied_Trades_Society_of_Ireland" title="Operative Plasterers and Allied Trades Society of Ireland">OPATSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_Officers%27_Association_(Ireland)" title="Prison Officers' Association (Ireland)">POA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospect_(trade_union)" title="Prospect (trade union)">Prospect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_and_Commercial_Services_Union" title="Public and Commercial Services Union">PCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIPTU" title="SIPTU">SIPTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teachers%27_Union_of_Ireland" title="Teachers' Union of Ireland">TUI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_Salaried_Staffs%27_Association" title="Transport Salaried Staffs' Association">TSSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Teachers%27_Union" title="Ulster Teachers' Union">UTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Shop,_Distributive_and_Allied_Workers" title="Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers">USDAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNISON" class="mw-redirect" title="UNISON">UNISON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Union" title="Unite the Union">Unite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_and_College_Union" title="University and College Union">UCU</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veterinary_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Veterinary Ireland (page does not exist)">VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterinary_Officers%27_Association" title="Veterinary Officers' Association">VOA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Irish_Unions" title="Congress of Irish Unions">Congress of Irish Unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Trades_Union_Congress" title="Irish Trades Union Congress">Irish Trades Union Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Credit_unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Credit_Unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Credit Unions in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Credit_Unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Credit Unions in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Credit_Unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Credit Unions in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Credit_unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Credit_unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Credit unions in the United Kingdom">Credit unions in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Community</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commsave_Credit_Union" title="Commsave Credit Union">Commsave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Co-op_Credit_Union" title="The Co-op Credit Union">The Co-op</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Savings_and_Loans" title="Eastern Savings and Loans">Eastern Savings and Loans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeds_City_Credit_Union" title="Leeds City Credit Union">Leeds City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire_Credit_Union" title="Lincolnshire Credit Union">Lincolnshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Capital_Credit_Union" title="London Capital Credit Union">London Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Community_Credit_Union" title="London Community Credit Union">London Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Mutual_Credit_Union" title="London Mutual Credit Union">London Mutual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Plus_Credit_Union" title="London Plus Credit Union">London Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undeb_Credyd_Plaid_Cymru_Credit_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Undeb Credyd Plaid Cymru Credit Union">Plaid Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamesbank_Credit_Union" title="Thamesbank Credit Union">Thamesbank</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wandsworth_Plus_Credit_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Wandsworth Plus Credit Union">Wandsworth Plus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Rose_Credit_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="White Rose Credit Union">White Rose</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industrial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Changemaker_Credit_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Changemaker Credit Union">Changemaker</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches%27_Mutual_Credit_Union" title="Churches' Mutual Credit Union">Churches' Mutual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1st_Class_Credit_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Class Credit Union">1st Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Credit_Union" title="Unity Credit Union">Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Retail_Newsagents" title="National Federation of Retail Newsagents">NFRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Savers_Credit_Union" title="National Fire Savers Credit Union">National Fire Savers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Credit_Union" title="NHS Credit Union">NHS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_University_Employees_Credit_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Open University Employees Credit Union">OU Employees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCS_Credit_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="PCS Credit Union">PCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Post_Credit_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Penny Post Credit Union">Penny Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plane_Saver_Credit_Union" title="Plane Saver Credit Union">Plane Saver</a></li> <li>Police Credit Union</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retail_Credit_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Retail Credit Union">retailCURe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RMT_Credit_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="RMT Credit Union">RMT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCVO_Credit_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="SCVO Credit Union">SCVO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorne_Credit_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Thorne Credit Union">TCU Money</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dissolved</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Canterbury_Credit_Union" title="District of Canterbury Credit Union">District of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_London_Credit_Union" title="East London Credit Union">East London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornsey_Co-operative_Credit_Union" title="Hornsey Co-operative Credit Union">Hornsey Co-operative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_London_Credit_Union" title="North London Credit Union">North London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_London_Credit_Union" title="North West London Credit Union">North West London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Taxicabs_Credit_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Taxicabs Credit Union">Radio Taxicabs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_British_Credit_Unions" title="Association of British Credit Unions">Association of British Credit Unions</a> (GB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_League_of_Credit_Unions" title="Irish League of Credit Unions">Irish League of Credit Unions</a> (NI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Credit_Unions" class="mw-redirect" title="National Federation of Credit Unions">Ulster Federation of Credit Unions</a> (NI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1485928#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1485928#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1485928#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000404853481">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2397162669486955500004">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nb2005016275">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007363836705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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