CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"281e6bd1-e184-49d1-9d61-00ee1736707c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest","wgTitle":"Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest","wgCurRevisionId":1252815199,"wgRevisionId":1252815199,"wgArticleId":5060914,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 errors: generic name","CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)","CS1 German-language sources (de)","CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","CS1 Danish-language sources (da)","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles containing French-language text","Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2024", "All articles containing potentially dated statements","CS1: long volume value","Articles containing Hebrew-language text","Articles containing Polish-language text","Eurovision Song Contest"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest","wgRelevantArticleId":5060914,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":90000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[], "wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q3038735","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready", "ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest rootpage-Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Rules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Rules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Rules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Rules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-General_format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 General format </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Organisation </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Organisation subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scrutineers_and_executive_supervisors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scrutineers_and_executive_supervisors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Scrutineers and executive supervisors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scrutineers_and_executive_supervisors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference_group" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference_group"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Reference group </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference_group-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Song_and_artist_eligibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Song_and_artist_eligibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Song and artist eligibility </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Song_and_artist_eligibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Live_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Live_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Live music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Live_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Running_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Running_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Running order </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Running_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Voting </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voting-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Voting subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Voting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presentation_of_the_votes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presentation_of_the_votes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Presentation of the votes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presentation_of_the_votes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ties_for_first_place" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ties_for_first_place"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Ties for first place </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ties_for_first_place-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Validation_and_observation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Validation_and_observation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Validation and observation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Validation_and_observation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Broadcasting </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Broadcasting-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Broadcasting subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Archive_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archive_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Archive status </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archive_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rule_changes_by_year" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rule_changes_by_year"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Rule changes by year </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rule_changes_by_year-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Rule changes by year subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Rule_changes_by_year-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chronology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chronology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Chronology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chronology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" > 9 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%89%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D_Eurovision" title="Κανόνες διαγωνισμού τραγουδιού Eurovision – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κανόνες διαγωνισμού τραγουδιού Eurovision" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Reglas_del_Festival_de_la_Canci%C3%B3n_de_Eurovisi%C3%B3n" title="Anexo:Reglas del Festival de la Canción de Eurovisión – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Reglas del Festival de la Canción de Eurovisión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A8gles_du_Concours_Eurovision_de_la_chanson" title="Règles du Concours Eurovision de la chanson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Règles du Concours Eurovision de la chanson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%99_%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%96%D7%9E%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%96%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="חוקי תחרות הזמר של האירוויזיון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חוקי תחרות הזמר של האירוויזיון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regels_van_het_Eurovisiesongfestival" title="Regels van het Eurovisiesongfestival – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Regels van het Eurovisiesongfestival" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regras_do_Festival_Eurovis%C3%A3o_da_Can%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Regras do Festival Eurovisão da Canção – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Regras do Festival Eurovisão da Canção" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5_%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Правила Песме Евровизије – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Правила Песме Евровизије" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_%C5%9Eark%C4%B1_Yar%C4%B1%C5%9Fmas%C4%B1_kurallar%C4%B1" title="Eurovision Şarkı Yarışması kuralları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eurovision Şarkı Yarışması kuralları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%81%D1%83_%D0%84%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Правила пісенного конкурсу Євробачення – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Правила пісенного конкурсу Євробачення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3038735#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&oldid=1252815199" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&id=1252815199&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3038735" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Rules and obligations used in the Eurovision Song Contest</div>A detailed set of rules and obligations, which all participating broadcasters and participants in the annual <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: Concours Eurovision de la chanson) must uphold, is produced annually ahead of each edition of the international song contest. These rules are drafted by the contest organisers, the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a> (EBU), and approved by the contest's reference group. They typically outline which songs may be deemed eligible for entry, the format of the contest, the voting system employed to select a contest winner and how the results of this vote are presented to the televised audience, the overall values of the contest, and distribution and broadcasting rights through television, radio and streaming services. Since the contest's inaugural edition in 1956, the rules upon which the event has been organised and contested have changed over time. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_format">General format</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: General format">edit</a>]</div> The Eurovision Song Contest is an international song competition held among broadcasting networks representing primarily European countries. Each participating broadcaster submits an original song to represent their respective country which is performed on live television and radio and transmitted via the European Broadcasting Union's <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_(network)" title="Eurovision (network)">Eurovision and Euroradio networks</a>, hosted by one of the participating countries in an <a href="/wiki/Auditorium" title="Auditorium">auditorium</a> in a selected host city. Following all entries each participating country casts votes for their favourite performances from the other countries, and the song which has received the most points at the end of the programme is declared the winner.<a href="#cite_note-How_it_works-1">[1]</a> Each contest typically consists of three live television shows held over one week in May. Two semi-finals are held on the Tuesday and Thursday of "Eurovision week", followed by a final on the Saturday.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> All competing countries compete in one of the two semi-finals, with the exception of the host country of that year's contest (or the defending champion if another country hosts due to unforeseen circumstances) and the "Big Five" countries—<a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="France in the Eurovision Song Contest">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest">Spain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest">United Kingdom</a>—who receive an automatic berth in the final as the contest's biggest financial contributors.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_lessons_learned-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> All remaining competing countries are split randomly across the two semi-finals, and the 10-highest scoring countries in each semi-final qualify for the final; 26 countries in total therefore compete in the final each year unless the host country is also part of the "Big Five", in which case 25 countries would compete in the final for that year.<a href="#cite_note-How_it_works-1">[1]</a> The votes each country provides to determine the overall winner consists of two parts: television viewers and radio listeners in each country can vote for their favourite song through <a href="/wiki/Televoting" title="Televoting">telephone and SMS voting</a> or by voting through the official Eurovision <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">app</a>, with all votes tallied to create a public "top 10" for that country; a selected jury of five music professionals is also appointed by each country's participating broadcaster, who rank all entries in the shows to determine their "top 10" songs.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-5">[5]</a> Each country then provides two sets of points representing the views of the public and jury, with each set containing the points 1-8, 10 and 12, with the highest ranked song receiving 12 points.<a href="#cite_note-How_it_works-1">[1]</a> The semi-final qualifiers are solely determined by the public vote.<a href="#cite_note-2023_voting_change2-6">[6]</a> The contest is a non-profit event, with financing for each year's event typically raised through a mandatory participation fee from each participating broadcaster, which varies for each country depending on its size and viewership, as well as contributions from the host broadcaster and the host city, and commercial revenues from any contest sponsorships, ticket sales for the live shows, televoting revenues and merchandise.<a href="#cite_note-FAQ-7">[7]</a> Eligibility to participate in the contest is limited to active members of the EBU, which consist of member broadcasters from states which fall within the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Area" title="European Broadcasting Area">European Broadcasting Area</a> or are <a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Member states of the Council of Europe">member states of the Council of Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EBUmembership-8">[8]</a> Associate member broadcasters may also be allowed to compete in the contest, should they receive approval from the contest's reference group.<a href="#cite_note-Who_can_take_part-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Organisation">edit</a>]</div> The contest is organised by the EBU, together with the participating broadcaster of the host country, and is overseen by the reference group on behalf of all participating broadcasters, who are each represented by a nominated head of delegation.<a href="#cite_note-Organisers-10">[10]</a> The head of delegation for each country is responsible for leading their country's delegation at the event, and is their country's contact person with the EBU. A country's delegation will typically include a head of press, the contest participants, the songwriters and composers, backing performers, and the artist's entourage, and can range from 20 to 50 people depending on the country.<a href="#cite_note-HoDs-11">[11]</a> The heads of delegation will typically meet in March before the contest is held, to receive detailed information about the shows, the venue, stage design, lighting and sound to best prepare their entry for the contest, as well as details on the event organisation, such as transportation and accommodation during the event.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scrutineers_and_executive_supervisors">Scrutineers and executive supervisors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Scrutineers and executive supervisors">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JESC_2018._Jon_Ola_Sand_during_press_conference_(2)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photo of Jon Ola Sand" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/JESC_2018._Jon_Ola_Sand_during_press_conference_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-JESC_2018._Jon_Ola_Sand_during_press_conference_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/JESC_2018._Jon_Ola_Sand_during_press_conference_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-JESC_2018._Jon_Ola_Sand_during_press_conference_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/JESC_2018._Jon_Ola_Sand_during_press_conference_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-JESC_2018._Jon_Ola_Sand_during_press_conference_%282%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1097" data-file-height="1468" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jon_Ola_Sand" title="Jon Ola Sand">Jon Ola Sand</a>, the contest's executive supervisor from 2011 to 2020</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin_%C3%96sterdahl_s%C3%B6ndag_lunch_i_Stor%C3%A4ngen_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Martin_%C3%96sterdahl_s%C3%B6ndag_lunch_i_Stor%C3%A4ngen_2016.jpg/220px-Martin_%C3%96sterdahl_s%C3%B6ndag_lunch_i_Stor%C3%A4ngen_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Martin_%C3%96sterdahl_s%C3%B6ndag_lunch_i_Stor%C3%A4ngen_2016.jpg/330px-Martin_%C3%96sterdahl_s%C3%B6ndag_lunch_i_Stor%C3%A4ngen_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Martin_%C3%96sterdahl_s%C3%B6ndag_lunch_i_Stor%C3%A4ngen_2016.jpg/440px-Martin_%C3%96sterdahl_s%C3%B6ndag_lunch_i_Stor%C3%A4ngen_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="787" data-file-height="1049" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Martin_%C3%96sterdahl" title="Martin Österdahl">Martin Österdahl</a>, the contest's current executive supervisor</figcaption></figure> The contest's voting procedure is presided over by a <a href="/wiki/Scrutineer" title="Scrutineer">scrutineer</a> nominated by the EBU, who is responsible for ensuring that all points are allocated correctly and in turn. This role has been a consistent feature of the contest since its first edition, and has evolved into the modern-day role of the executive supervisor, who is also responsible for overseeing the organisation of the contest on behalf of the EBU, enforcing the rules and monitoring the TV production during the live shows.<a href="#cite_note-Exec_Supervisor-13">[13]</a> Since 2011, the executive supervisor has been assisted by an event supervisor, who oversees and coordinates other matters related to the event on behalf of the EBU.<a href="#cite_note-Exec_Supervisor-13">[13]</a> An organisational restructure is expected to see the executive supervisor and the head of brand and commercial being overseen by the ESC director, starting in 2025, with Martin Green being appointed into this role.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-2025director-15">[15]</a> The table below outlines the holders of the posts of executive supervisor and event supervisor in the contest's history: <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Executive supervisors </caption> <tbody><tr> <th class="unsortable">Name </th> <th class="unsortable">Country(s) </th> <th class="unsortable">Year(s) </th> <th>Contest(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Liebermann" title="Rolf Liebermann">Rolf Liebermann</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> </td> <td>1956–1957 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alexander Renz </td> <td>Switzerland </td> <td>1958–1963 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Miroslav Vilček </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> </td> <td>1964–1965 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Brown_(director)" title="Clifford Brown (director)">Clifford Brown</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td>1966–1977 </td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Frank Naef </td> <td>Switzerland </td> <td>1978–1992 </td> <td>15 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Christian Clausen </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> </td> <td>1993–1995 </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Christine Marchal-Ortiz </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td>1996; 1998–2002 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Marie-Claire Vionnet </td> <td>France </td> <td>1997 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sarah Yuen </td> <td>United Kingdom </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Svante_Stockselius" title="Svante Stockselius">Svante Stockselius</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> </td> <td>2004–2010 </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Jon_Ola_Sand" title="Jon Ola Sand">Jon Ola Sand</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> </td> <td>2011–2020 </td> <td>9 (1 cancelled) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Martin_%C3%96sterdahl" title="Martin Österdahl">Martin Österdahl</a> </td> <td>Sweden </td> <td>2021–present </td> <td>4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Event supervisors </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Year(s) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Sietse Bakker </td> <td>2011–2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nadja Burkhardt </td> <td>2016–2022 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Andreas Schmitz-Mensger </td> <td>2023–present </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference_group">Reference group</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reference group">edit</a>]</div> The reference group is the contest's <a href="/wiki/Committee#Executive_committee" title="Committee">executive committee</a> and works on behalf of all participating countries in the contest. The group of broadcast executives and producers from various EBU member organisations meets four to five times a year, and its role is to approve the development and format of the contest, secure financing, control the contest's branding, raise public awareness, and to oversee the yearly preparations of the contest with the host broadcaster.<a href="#cite_note-Reference_Group-16">[16]</a> The composition of the group consists of a chairperson, three elected members from among the heads of delegations, the executive producer(s) of the host broadcaster from the upcoming host country as well as the two previous hosts, up to another two invited members with relevant competence and experience, and the contest's executive supervisor.<a href="#cite_note-:0-17">[17]</a> The elected chairperson typically comes from an EBU member broadcaster which does not participate in the contest, therefore allowing a degree of neutrality to the role.<a href="#cite_note-Reference_Group-16">[16]</a> As of September 2024,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit">[update]</a> the current membership of the reference group is as follows:<a href="#cite_note-:0-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> <ul><li>Bakel Walden (chairperson; <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Swiss Broadcasting Corporation">SRG SSR</a>)<a href="#cite_note-22">[a]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_%C3%96sterdahl" title="Martin Österdahl">Martin Österdahl</a> (EBU executive supervisor)</li> <li>Moritz Stadler (executive producer <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2025" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2025">2025</a>; SRG SSR)</li> <li>Ebba Adielsson (executive producer <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2024">2024</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Television" title="Sveriges Television">SVT</a>)</li> <li>Rachel Ashdown (lead commissioner <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2023">2023</a>; <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>)</li> <li>Carla Bugalho (deputy executive producer <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2018" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2018">2018</a>; <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_e_Televis%C3%A3o_de_Portugal" title="Rádio e Televisão de Portugal">RTP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Felix_Bergsson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felix Bergsson (page does not exist)">Felix Bergsson</a> [<a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felix_Bergsson" class="extiw" title="is:Felix Bergsson">is</a>] (elected member; <a href="/wiki/R%C3%9AV" title="RÚV">RÚV</a>)</li> <li>Alexandra Wolfslast (elected member; <a href="/wiki/Norddeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Norddeutscher Rundfunk">NDR</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ana_Mar%C3%ADa_Bordas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ana María Bordas (page does not exist)">Ana María Bordas</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Mar%C3%ADa_Bordas" class="extiw" title="es:Ana María Bordas">es</a>] (elected member; <a href="/wiki/RTVE" title="RTVE">RTVE</a>)</li> <li>Tomislav Štengl (invited member; <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radiotelevision" title="Croatian Radiotelevision">HRT</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Song_and_artist_eligibility">Song and artist eligibility</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Song and artist eligibility">edit</a>]</div> The rules of the contest set out which songs may be eligible to compete. As the contest is for new compositions, and to prevent any one competing entry from having an advantage compared to the other entries, the contest organisers typically set a restriction on when a song may be released commercially for it to be considered eligible.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-5">[5]</a> Rules in recent years have typically seen this date set as the first day of September of the year before the contest is to be held, however this date has varied, and in the contest's history this has been as late as a few weeks before the contest is held.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012387–396-23">[22]</a> Previously, songs were not allowed to be released commercially in any other country than that which it represented until after the final, however this criterion is no longer in place, and with the advancement in technology and the growth of Internet streaming, songs are regularly published online and released globally, and are now promoted via the Eurovision official website and social media platforms ahead of the contest.<a href="#cite_note-99_Rules-24">[23]</a> No restrictions regarding the song duration were originally enacted when the contest was first founded, however following heavy protests over the <a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_1957" class="mw-redirect" title="Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 1957">1957 Italian entry</a>, which lasted for 5:09 minutes,<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> a new rule was implemented, requiring each competing song to have a maximum duration of three minutes; a rule that still applies. No rule has ever been implemented to limit the nationality or country of birth of the competing artists; many competing countries with a small population, such as <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest">Luxembourg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monaco_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Monaco in the Eurovision Song Contest">Monaco</a>, were regularly represented by artists and composers from other countries, and several winning artists in the contest's history have held a different nationality or were born in a different country to that which they represented in the contest.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012387–396-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Winners-26">[25]</a> Each competing performance may feature a maximum of six people on stage, and may not contain live animals.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-5">[5]</a> Since <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1990" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1990">1990</a>, all performers must be aged at least 16 on the day of the final;<a href="#cite_note-Rules-5">[5]</a> this rule was introduced after two artists in the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1989" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1989">1989 contest</a> were 11 and 12 years old on the day of the contest, which elicited complaints from some of the other participating countries.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010120–123-27">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lausanne_89-28">[27]</a> This rule's introduction means that <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Kim" title="Sandra Kim">Sandra Kim</a>, who won the contest for <a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_1986" title="Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 1986">Belgium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1986" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1986">1986</a> at the age of 13, would remain the contest's youngest winner until the rule is changed.<a href="#cite_note-Bergen_86-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010104–107-30">[29]</a> No performer may compete for more than one country at the contest in a given year.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Live_music">Live music</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Live music">edit</a>]</div> Live music has been an integral part of the contest since its first edition. The main vocals of the competing songs must be sung live on stage, however other rules on pre-recorded musical accompaniment have changed over time.<a href="#cite_note-Back_for_good-31">[30]</a> The orchestra was a prominent feature of the contest from 1956 to 1998. Pre-recorded backing tracks were first allowed in the contest in 1973, but under this rule the only instruments which could be pre-recorded had to also be seen being "performed" on stage; in 1997, this rule was changed to allow all instrumental music to be pre-recorded, however the host country was still required to provide an orchestra.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010148–151-32">[31]</a> In 1999, the rules were changed again, making the orchestra an optional requirement; the host broadcaster of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1999" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1999">1999 contest</a>, Israel's <a href="/wiki/Israel_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Israel Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a>, subsequently decided not to provide an orchestra as a cost saving measure, meaning that all entries would use a backing track for the first time in the contest's history.<a href="#cite_note-99_Rules-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jerusalem_99-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010156–159-34">[33]</a> The present-day rules of the contest now specify that all instrumental music should be pre-recorded, with no live instrumentation allowed, making the return of the orchestra for competing acts impossible under the current rules.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-15_Rules-35">[34]</a> Before 2020, all vocals were required to be performed live, with no natural voices of any kind or vocal imitations allowed on backing tracks.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-5">[5]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_1999" title="Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999">Croatian entry</a> at the 1999 contest was sanctioned after the contest for including synthesised male vocals in defiance of this rule, with Croatia subsequently penalised through the docking of their score at that year's contest by 33% for the purposes of calculating their five-year points average for use in determining which countries would be relegated in future contests.<a href="#cite_note-99_Rules-24">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jerusalem_99-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010156–159-34">[33]</a> Ahead of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2021">2021 contest</a>, in an effort to make the contest more flexible to change following the cancellation of the 2020 edition and to facilitate modernisation, recorded backing vocals were permitted as an optional addition. An example of this is Iceland's 2021 entry "<a href="/wiki/10_Years_(song)" title="10 Years (song)">10 Years</a>", which used a choir in the bridge of the song. Delegations are still free to provide live backing vocals if they prefer, and all lead vocals performing the melody of the song, including by the lead vocalist(s) and any supporting vocalists, must still be performed live.<a href="#cite_note-Back_for_good-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Language">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="List of languages in the Eurovision Song Contest">List of languages in the Eurovision Song Contest</a></div> As Eurovision is a song contest, all competing entries must include vocals and lyrics of some kind; purely instrumental pieces have never been allowed.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-5">[5]</a> Presently competing entries may be performed in any language, be that <a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">natural</a> or <a href="/wiki/Constructed_language" title="Constructed language">constructed</a>, however the rules on the language(s) in which a country's entry may be performed have varied over the course of the contest's history. From 1956 to 1965, there were no rules in place to dictate which language a country may perform in, however all entries up to 1964 were performed in one of their countries' national languages. In <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1965" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1965">1965</a> <a href="/wiki/Sweden_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_1965" title="Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1965">Sweden</a> broke with this tradition by being performed in English;<a href="#cite_note-Naples_65-37">[36]</a> a new language rule was subsequently introduced for the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1966" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1966">1966 contest</a> for all competing countries, preventing entries from being performed in any language other than one of the relevant country's officially recognised national languages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012387–396-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201028–29-38">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Luxembourg_66-39">[38]</a> The language rule was first abolished in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1973" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1973">1973</a>, allowing all participating countries to sing in the language of their choice,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201052–55-40">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Luxembourg_73-41">[40]</a> but was reintroduced ahead of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1977" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1977">1977 contest</a>. However, as the process for choosing the entries for <a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_1977" title="Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977">Belgium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_1977" class="mw-redirect" title="Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977">Germany</a> had already begun before the rule change was announced, they were permitted to perform in English for that year's edition.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201068–71-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-London_77-43">[42]</a> The language rule was abolished once again in 1999, resulting in 14 of that year's 23 competing entries featuring English lyrics.<a href="#cite_note-Jerusalem_99-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010156–159-34">[33]</a> The large majority of entries at each year's contest are now performed in English, given <a href="/wiki/English_as_a_lingua_franca" title="English as a lingua franca">its status as a lingua franca</a>; at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2017" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2017">2017 contest</a>, only four songs did not contain any English lyrics. Following <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Sobral" title="Salvador Sobral">Salvador Sobral</a>'s victory in that year's contest with a song in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2018" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2018">2018 contest</a> saw an increased number of entries in another language than English, a trend which was repeated in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2019">2019</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2021">2021</a>, the first, second, and third places were all won by non-English songs for the first time since 1995.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> The freedom of language has, however, provided opportunities for artists to perform songs which would not have been possible previously, with a number of competing entries in this millennium having been performed in an invented language, and artists have also used this linguistic freedom to perform in languages other than English which are also not official languages of their country.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> As the contest is presented in both English and French, at least one of the contest's hosts must be able to speak French as well as English.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Running_order">Running order</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Running order">edit</a>]</div> The order in which the competing countries perform had historically been decided through a random draw, however, since <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2013" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2013">2013</a>, the order has been determined by the contest's production team, and submitted to the EBU executive supervisor and reference group for approval before being publicly announced. This change was introduced to provide a better experience for television viewers, making the show more exciting and allowing all countries to stand out by avoiding cases where songs of similar style or tempo were performed in sequence.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> Under the current method, during the semi-final allocation draw, each country competing in a semi-final is drawn into either the first half or second half of that semi-final; once all songs have been selected the producers will then determine the running order for the semi-finals.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-2013_semi_order-52">[51]</a> Semi-final qualifiers make a draw at random during the qualifiers' press conference to determine whether they will perform during the first, second half, or a producer-determined position of the final; the automatic finalists will also randomly draw their competing half or producer-determined position in the run-up to the final, except for the host country, whose exact performance position is determined at random in a separate draw.<a href="#cite_note-2013_semi_order-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> The running order for the final is then decided following the second semi-final by the producers. The running orders are decided with the competing songs' musical quality, stage performance, prop and lighting set-up, and other production considerations taken into account.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> The process change in 2013 led to a mixed reaction from fans of the contest, with some expressing concern over potential corruption in allowing the producers to decide at which point each country would perform, while others were more optimistic about the change.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> The order in which competing countries perform is considered an important factor in the potential of winning the contest, and statistical analysis on this subject has been shown to corroborate that in a random draw songs which perform later in the contest have a better chance of being scored highly.<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> Performing second in the final is particularly considered detrimental to a country's chances of winning the contest, and no song performing in this position has ever won the contest in its history. However, of the current appearing positions, numbers 16, 25 and 26 in the running order have never won either. Position 17 has won the most, with seven times.<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voting">Voting</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Voting">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Voting_at_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Voting at the Eurovision Song Contest">Voting at the Eurovision Song Contest</a></div> Various voting systems have been used in the history of the contest to determine the placing of the competing songs. The current system has been in place since 2023, which works on the basis of <a href="/wiki/Positional_voting" title="Positional voting">positional voting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2023_voting_change2-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-jury_semi_scrapped-60">[59]</a> Each country awards two sets of points: one set is based on the votes of each country's professional jury, consisting of five music professionals from that country; and a second set is based on the views of the general public in the competing countries conducted through <a href="/wiki/Televoting" title="Televoting">telephone</a> and SMS voting or via voting conducted through the official Eurovision <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">app</a>. Each set of points consists of 1–8, 10 and 12 points to the jury and public's 10 favourite songs, with the most preferred song receiving 12 points.<a href="#cite_note-Voting-61">[60]</a> In the semi-finals, each country awards one set of points based on the votes cast by that country's viewing public, while in the final, each country awards two sets of points, with one set awarded each by the viewers and the professional jury.<a href="#cite_note-Voting-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-2023_voting_change2-6">[6]</a> Since 2023, viewers in non-participating countries are also able to vote during the contest, with those viewers able to cast votes via an online platform, which are then aggregated and awarded as one set of points from an "extra country" for the overall public vote.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[62]</a> National juries and the public in each country are not allowed to vote for their own country, a rule first introduced in 1957.<a href="#cite_note-Voting-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Frankfurt_57-64">[63]</a> Historically, each country's points were determined by a jury, which has at times consisted of members of the public, music professionals, or both in combination.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012387–396-23">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-Luxembourg_66-39">[38]</a> With advances in telecommunication technology, and in response to criticism regarding some jury picks for the contest winner, televoting was first introduced to the contest in 1997 on a trial basis.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010148–151-32">[31]</a> At <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1997" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1997">that year's contest</a>, broadcasters in Austria, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom allowed their viewing public to determine their votes for the first time, and from <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1998" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1998">1998</a> televoting was extended to almost all competing countries.<a href="#cite_note-Dublin_97-65">[64]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2004" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2004">2004 contest</a> was the first to make televoting mandatory for all competing countries, however each country was obligated to provide a "backup jury", which would be used in case of voting failure, or if the number of votes registered did not pass a set threshold to be considered valid.<a href="#cite_note-04_voting_fault-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Decade_Kyiv_05-67">[66]</a> A jury was reintroduced for the final of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2009" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2009">2009 contest</a>, with each country's points comprising both the votes of the jury and public in an equal split.<a href="#cite_note-Jury_09_final-68">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-2010_jury_semis-69">[68]</a> This mix of jury and public voting was expanded into the semi-finals from 2010, and was used until 2023, when full public voting was reintroduced to determine the results of the semi-finals. The mix of jury and public voting continues to be used in the final.<a href="#cite_note-2023_voting_change2-6">[6]</a> The current voting system is a modification of that used in the contest since 1975, when the "1–8, 10, 12 points" system was first introduced. Until 2016, each country provided one set of points, representing the votes of either the country's jury, public or, since the 2009 final, the votes of both combined.<a href="#cite_note-Change_to_voting-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-2010_jury_semis-69">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presentation_of_the_votes">Presentation of the votes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Presentation of the votes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Scoreboard.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Black and white photograph of the scoreboard in 1958; the running order numbers and song titles of the competing entries are printed on the left-hand side of the scoreboard, and rotating numbers on the right-hand side show the allocation of points to each song as each country's jury is called, and a total of all points received; song titles are sorted by order of appearance, with the first song to be performed appearing at the top of the scoreboard." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Scoreboard.png/220px-Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Scoreboard.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Scoreboard.png/330px-Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Scoreboard.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Scoreboard.png/440px-Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958_-_Scoreboard.png 2x" data-file-width="487" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption>The scoreboard at the 1958 contest</figcaption></figure> Since 1957, each country's votes have been announced during a special voting segment as part of the contest's broadcast. After each country's votes have been calculated and verified, and following performances during the interval, the presenter(s) of the contest will call upon a spokesperson in each country in turn to invite them to announce the results of their country's vote in English or French.<a href="#cite_note-Voting-61">[60]</a> This spokesperson is typically a musician, broadcaster or journalist who is well known in their country, and previous spokespersons have included former Eurovision artists and presenters.<a href="#cite_note-2016_spokespersons-71">[70]</a> Prior to 1994 the announcements were made through <a href="/wiki/Telephone_line" title="Telephone line">telephone lines</a> from the countries of origin, with the audio piped through into the auditorium for the audience to hear and over the television transmission; the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1994" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1994">1994 contest</a> saw the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Satellite_link" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite link">satellite links</a> for the voting, which has allowed the spokespersons to be seen visually by the audience and TV spectators.<a href="#cite_note-Dublin_94-72">[71]</a> The votes from each country are tallied via a <a href="/wiki/Scoreboard" title="Scoreboard">scoreboard</a>, which typically shows the total number of points each country has so far received, as well as the points being given out by the country currently being called upon by the presenter(s). The scoreboard was first introduced in 1957; voting at the first contest was held behind closed doors, but taking inspiration from the UK's <a href="/wiki/UK_national_selection_for_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="UK national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest">Festival of British Popular Songs</a> which featured voting by regional juries, the EBU decided to incorporate this idea into its own contest.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012152-73">[72]</a> This scoreboard was historically situated physically to the side of the stage and was updated manually as each country gave their votes; a <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">graphical representation</a> of this scoreboard was first introduced at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1988" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1988">1988 contest</a>, which in recent contests is able to sort itself to place the country with the most votes at the top.<a href="#cite_note-Dublin_88-74">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> Historically, each country's spokesperson would announce sequentially the number of points being given to a specific country, which would then be repeated by the contest's presenter(s) in both English and French. With the increase in the number of competing countries, and therefore the number of countries voting in the final, the voting sequence soon became a lengthy process. From 2006, to save time, only each country's 8, 10 and 12 points were announced by their spokesperson, with points 1–7 displayed on-screen and then automatically added to the scoreboard.<a href="#cite_note-Countdown_Athens_06-76">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-Athens_06-77">[76]</a> Since the introduction of the new voting system in 2016, the spokespersons now announce only their country's 12 points, with their 8 and 10 points now also being shown and added automatically.<a href="#cite_note-2016_spokespersons-71">[70]</a> From 1957 to 1962, the order in which the participating countries announced their votes was in reverse order of the presentation of their songs; from 1963 to 2003, countries were called upon in the same order in which they presented their songs, with the exception of the 1974 contest, where a drawing of lots was used to decide the order in which countries were called upon.<a href="#cite_note-Brighton_74-78">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012318–333-79">[78]</a> With the introduction of semi-finals in 2004, a new system to determine the order of voting was required to account for the countries which failed to qualify for the final: in 2004, the countries were called upon in alphabetical order according to their <a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2" title="ISO 3166-1 alpha-2">two-letter ISO country codes</a>;<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> and in 2005, the votes of the non-qualifying semi-finalists were announced first, in the order in which they performed in the semi-final, followed by the finalist countries in the order in which they performed in the final.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010180–183-81">[80]</a> From 2006 to 2010, similar to 1974, a separate draw was held to determine the voting order;<a href="#cite_note-82">[81]</a> this draw was scrapped in 2011, and a new logarithmic system was implemented which used the jury votes submitted following the "jury final" dress rehearsal in an attempt to ensure the winner did not become apparent early on in the voting sequence, and subsequently to create a more suspenseful and exciting experience for the viewers.<a href="#cite_note-83">[82]</a> Since 2016, the voting presentation begins with each country's spokespersons being called upon in turn to announce the points of their country's professional jury. Once the jury points from all countries have been announced, the contest's presenter(s) will then announce the total public points received for each finalist, with the votes for each country being consolidated and announced as a single value.<a href="#cite_note-Change_to_voting-70">[69]</a> From 2016 to 2018, the public points were announced in order from last to first, with the country with the lowest total score announced first; since 2019, these points have been announced in order according to their placing by the juries, with the country that received the fewest points from the juries receiving their public points first.<a href="#cite_note-Voting-61">[60]</a> The full televoting results, and the votes of each country's jury and individual jury members, are published on the official Eurovision website after the show; each country's individual televoting points are also typically displayed on-screen towards the end of the show by that country's broadcaster.<a href="#cite_note-Change_to_voting-70">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ties_for_first_place">Ties for first place</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ties for first place">edit</a>]</div> Since 1970, the rules of the contest have outlined how to determine the winning act in cases where two or more countries have the same number of points at the end of the voting. The method of breaking a tie has changed over time, and the current tie-break rule has been in place since 2016. In this event, a combined national televoting and jury result is calculated for each country, and the winner is the song which has obtained points from the highest number of countries.<a href="#cite_note-Voting-61">[60]</a> The first tie-break rule was introduced following the 1969 contest, when four of the sixteen countries taking part—France, Spain, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom—all finished the voting with an equal number of votes.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> As there was no rule in place to break the tie, all four were declared joint winners.<a href="#cite_note-Facts_&_Figures-85">[84]</a> This result led to complaints from a number of other competing countries, and several countries refused to take part in the 1970 edition of the contest in protest.<a href="#cite_note-Amsterdam_70-86">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201040–43-87">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-Madrid_69-88">[87]</a> To date, on only one occasion since 1969 has there been a tie for first place: in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1991" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1991">1991</a>, the entries from <a href="/wiki/Sweden_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest">Sweden</a> and <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="France in the Eurovision Song Contest">France</a> had received 146 points each at the end of the voting. The tie-breaking rule in place at the time specified that the country which had received the most sets of 12 points would be declared the winner; if there was still a tie, then the 10 points received, followed by 8 points, etc. would be used to break the tie. Both France and Sweden had received four sets of 12 points, however as Sweden had received more individual 10 points than France, Sweden's <a href="/wiki/Carola_H%C3%A4ggkvist" title="Carola Häggkvist">Carola</a> was declared the winner.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010124–127-89">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rome_91-90">[89]</a> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:left;"> <caption>Overview of tie-breaking rules </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Year </th> <th scope="col">Use </th> <th scope="col">Description </th></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1956" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1956">1956</a>–<a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1969" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1969">1969</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>No tie-breaking rules were in place. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1970" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1970">1970</a>–<a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1988" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1988">1988</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Only to determine the winner. </td> <td>The jury decided the winner through a simple vote for their favourite. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1989" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1989">1989</a>–<a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2000" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2000">2000</a> </td> <td>The winner of a tie is the country that received more 12 points, then 10 points. If the tie cannot be broken in this way, all tied countries are winners.<a href="#cite_note-91">[90]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2001" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2001">2001</a>–<a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2002" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2002">2002</a> </td> <td>To determine the winner and the qualifiers for the following year. </td> <td>The winner of a tie is the country that received more 12 points, then 10 points, all the way down to 1. If the tie cannot be broken in this way, all tied countries are winners.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2003" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2003">2003</a> </td> <td>Only to determine the winner. </td> <td rowspan="2">The winner of a tie is the country that received points from more countries, then the country that received more 12 points, then 10 points, all the way down to 1. If the tie cannot be broken in this way, all tied countries are winners.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2004" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2004">2004</a>–<a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2006" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2006">2006</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">To determine the winner and the 10th qualifier from the semi-final. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2007" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2007">2007</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">The winner of a tie is the country that received points from more countries, then the country that received more 12 points, then 10 points, all the way down to 1. If the tie cannot be broken in this way, the country that performed earlier wins the tie.<a href="#cite_note-Helsinki_07-94">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-Belgrade_08-95">[94]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2008" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2008">2008</a>–<a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2015" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2015">2015</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Used for all ties. </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2016" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2016">2016</a>–present </td> <td>The winner of a tie is the country that received more points from the televoting, then the country that received points from more countries in the televoting, then the country that received more 12 points in the televoting, then 10 points, all the way down to 1. If the tie cannot be broken in this way, the country that performed earlier wins the tie. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Validation_and_observation">Validation and observation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Validation and observation">edit</a>]</div> A number of steps have been established to ensure that a valid voting result is obtained and that transparency in the vote and results is observed.<a href="#cite_note-Fairness-96">[95]</a> Each country's professional jury, as well as individual jury members, must meet a set criteria to be eligible, regarding professional background, and diversity in gender and age. A set criteria against which the competing entries should be evaluated is published by the EBU, and all jury members pledge in writing that they will use these criteria when ranking the entries, as well as stating that they are not connected to any of the contestants in any way that could influence their decision. Additionally, jury members may only sit on a jury once every three years. Each jury member votes independently of the other members of the jury, and no discussion or deliberation about the vote between members is permitted.<a href="#cite_note-Fairness-96">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-19_juries-97">[96]</a> Since 2004, the televoting in each country has been overseen by the contest's official voting partner, the Germany-based Once (formerly Digame).<a href="#cite_note-98">[97]</a> This company gathers all televotes and, since 2009, jury votes in all countries, which are then processed by the company's pan-European response platform, based out of its voting control centre in <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>. This system ensures that all votes are counted in accordance with the rules, and that any attempts to unfairly influence the vote are detected and mitigated.<a href="#cite_note-Fairness-96">[95]</a> The entire voting process is overseen by independent observers from an external auditing company, with <a href="/wiki/Professional_services" title="Professional services">professional services</a> firm <a href="/wiki/Ernst_%26_Young" title="Ernst & Young">Ernst & Young</a> assuming this role since 2019.<a href="#cite_note-Voting-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-19_juries-97">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Broadcasting">edit</a>]</div> Participating broadcasters from competing countries are required to air live the semi-final in which they compete, or in the case of the automatic finalists the semi-final in which they are required to vote, and the final, in its entirety, including all competing songs, the voting <a href="/wiki/Abstract_(summary)" title="Abstract (summary)">recap</a> which contains short clips of the performances, the voting procedure or semi-final qualification reveal, and in the final the <a href="/wiki/Reprise" title="Reprise">reprise</a> of the winning song.<a href="#cite_note-Rules-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-15_Rules-35">[34]</a> Since 1999, broadcasters who wished to do so were given the opportunity to provide <a href="/wiki/Television_advertisement" title="Television advertisement">advertising</a> during short, non-essential hiatuses in the show's schedule.<a href="#cite_note-99_Rules-24">[23]</a> On a number of occasions, participating broadcasters have been forced to delay or postpone broadcast of one or more live shows due to mitigating circumstances: in 2000, the broadcast of the contest was interrupted in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest">Netherlands</a> to provide emergency news coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Enschede_fireworks_disaster" title="Enschede fireworks disaster">Enschede fireworks disaster</a>, which meant a televote could not be held and the country's backup jury was used to provide the country's points;<a href="#cite_note-Stockholm_2000-101">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-Decade_Stockholm_2000-102">[101]</a> and in 2012, Albania broadcast the first semi-final, in which it was competing, deferred to provide coverage of the <a href="/wiki/Qafa_e_Vish%C3%ABs_bus_accident" title="Qafa e Vishës bus accident">Qafa e Vishës bus accident</a>.<a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a> In both of these cases no sanctions were levied against the broadcasters due to the emergency nature of the incidents, however in 2009, when Spain deferred broadcast of the second semi-final to provide continuing coverage of the <a href="/wiki/2009_Mutua_Madrile%C3%B1a_Masters_Madrid" title="2009 Mutua Madrileña Masters Madrid">Madrid Open</a> tennis tournament, the EBU announced that sanctions would be levied against the Spanish broadcaster RTVE.<a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> The contest was first produced in <a href="/wiki/Color_television" title="Color television">colour</a> in 1968, and has been broadcast in <a href="/wiki/16:9_aspect_ratio" title="16:9 aspect ratio">widescreen</a> since 2005, and in <a href="/wiki/High-definition_television" title="High-definition television">high-definition</a> since 2007.<a href="#cite_note-London_68-106">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-Helsinki_07-94">[93]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ultra-high-definition_television" title="Ultra-high-definition television">Ultra-high-definition</a> broadcasts were tested for the first time in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-:9-108">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archive_status">Archive status</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Archive status">edit</a>]</div> An archiving project was initiated by the EBU in 2011, aiming to collate footage from all editions of the contest and related materials from its history ahead of the contest's 60th edition in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-109">[108]</a> In collaborating with member broadcasters, the EBU now holds all editions of the contest except for the 1956 and 1964 editions, of which only the winner's reprise exist on video.<a href="#cite_note-Eurovision_Again_BtS-110">[109]</a> The first contest in 1956 was primarily a radio show, however cameras were present to broadcast the show for the few Europeans who had a television set; any video footage which may have been recorded has since been lost over time, however audio of the contest has been preserved and a short <a href="/wiki/Newsreel" title="Newsreel">newsreel</a> of the winning reprise has survived.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor20108–9-111">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lugano_56-112">[111]</a> Conflicting reports of the fate of any video footage of the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1964" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1964">1964 contest</a> in Copenhagen have been recanted over the years: one claim is that footage of the contest was destroyed in a fire at the studios of Danish broadcaster DR in the 1970s, with no footage from other broadcasters known to exist;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012348–358-113">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-Copenhagen_64-114">[113]</a> other claims include that footage of the contest was lost when the tape was <a href="/wiki/Lost_television_broadcast#Wiping" title="Lost television broadcast">wiped</a> by DR management for use in recording new programming, or that DR did not record the show at all due to a lack of available <a href="/wiki/Video_tape_recorder" title="Video tape recorder">tape recorders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[115]</a> As with the 1956 contest, audio recordings of the 1964 contest, and some footage of the opening sequence and winning reprise have survived.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201024–25-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Copenhagen_64-114">[113]</a> The copyright of each individual contest from 1956 to 2003 is held by the respective organising host broadcaster for that year's contest; copyright for contests held from 2004 onwards is held centrally by the EBU.<a href="#cite_note-Broadcasting_Rights-118">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rule_changes_by_year">Rule changes by year</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Rule changes by year">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1956" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1956">1956</a> First contest – each of the seven competing countries were recommended to hold a national selection to choose their entries.<a href="#cite_note-:1-119">[118]</a> Countries could send a maximum of two songs each.<a href="#cite_note-:1-119">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-1956contest-120">[119]</a> Participating songs should not exceed 3 to 3.5 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-:1-119">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-1956duration-121">[120]</a> Two jurors from each of the participating countries is to watch the transmission on a TV screen, and rate each song from 1 to 10, with higher scores being more appreciated. The 14 scores are added and the winner(s) are the songs with the highest total score.<a href="#cite_note-:1-119">[118]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1957" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1957">1957</a> Each country would only send one song from this year on. The voting was made public for the first time. Each of the ten jurors awards a single point to their favourite song - so in theory a country could be awarded all 10 points, although the highest tally allocated under this system was 9 by the <a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958" title="Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 1958">Danish jury</a> for <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>'s winning song in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1958">1958</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_1970" title="Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 1970">Belgian jury</a> for <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>'s winning song in <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1970" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1970">1970</a>. Juries are no longer allowed to vote for their own country, after being allowed to in 1956.<a href="#cite_note-1956contest-120">[119]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1958">1958</a> After Italy's song in 1957 lasted 5 minutes and 9 seconds, the maximum song length was limited to 3 minutes – which still applies.<a href="#cite_note-122">[121]</a> The convention of the winning country being invited to host the following year's contest is introduced. However, several countries declined the opportunity in subsequent years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1959" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1959">1959</a> Professional publishers or composers were no longer allowed in the national juries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1962" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1962">1962</a> The voting system changes. Each country had 10 jury members who awarded their three favourite songs 3, 2, and 1 points in order. Previously each of the ten jury members awarded 1 point to their favourite song.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1963" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1963">1963</a> The jury size is doubled to 20 and the points awarded were 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1964" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1964">1964</a> The jury size reverts to 10, and points are now 5, 3 and 1. It becomes possible for a unanimous jury to award all 9 points to one song – but this never occurred. It was also possible to give 6 and 3 points to two songs; this happened only in 1965, when the Belgian jury gave 6 points to the United Kingdom and 3 points to Italy.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1966" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1966">1966</a> Countries must now sing in one of their national languages after Sweden's entrant sung in English.<a href="#cite_note-1965contest-123">[122]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1967" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1967">1967</a> The scoring system reverts to the one used between 1957 and 1961.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1970" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1970">1970</a> Following a four-way tie in the 1969 contest, a tie-break rule was introduced with provision for a sing-off and a show of hands from the juries to elect a winner.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1971" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1971">1971</a> Another voting system change is introduced. Each country had two jury members, one under 25 and one over 25. They each awarded 1 to 5 points for each song. This created an issue where some juries gave fewer points out than others. The rule permitting groups of up to six performers on stage was introduced. Previously, entrants could only perform solo or as a duet.<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1973" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1973">1973</a> The rule forcing countries to sing in one of their national languages is relaxed – however this is only in place for four years. For the first time, music played on backing tracks was allowed, although any instrument heard on one had to be seen on stage as well.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1974" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1974">1974</a> The scoring system used between 1957 and 1961 and between 1967 and 1970 is restored for a third time.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1975" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1975">1975</a> A scoring system reminiscent of the current system is introduced. Each jury would now give 12 points to the best song, 10 to the second best, then 8 to the third, 7 to the fourth, 6 to the fifth and so forth until the tenth best song received a single point. Unlike today, the points were not announced in order (from 1 up to 12), but in the order the songs were performed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1976" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1976">1976</a> As the cost of staging the contest increases, a new rule was introduced that, in future, each participating broadcaster would have to pay a part of the cost of staging the contest.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1977" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1977">1977</a> Countries must again revert to singing in their own national languages. Belgium and Germany had already chosen English-language songs before the announcement of this rule change, so were granted permission to keep their songs in English.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1980" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1980">1980</a> The jury spokesperson now reads the points out in numerical order (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 and 12) rather than in song order.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1987" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1987">1987</a> As the number of countries reached a record of 22, the EBU imposed a limit on the number of countries competing. Although set at 22, this limit has varied slightly over the years.<a href="#cite_note-22participants-125">[124]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1989" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1989">1989</a> Following the closeness of the result at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1988" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1988">1988</a> contest, the tie break rule was amended. If a tie was to occur the winner would be declared by whichever received the most 12 points; if that still failed to separate them, the one with the most 10 points would be declared the winner. If there is still a tie, the same process is used with the 8 points, and so on until there is no longer a tie.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1990" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1990">1990</a> Following <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Kim" title="Sandra Kim">Sandra Kim</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1986" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1986">1986</a> win for <a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_1986" title="Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 1986">Belgium</a> at the age of just 13 and controversy over two performers in 1989 being just 11 and 12 years old, a restriction on the competitors' ages was introduced. The minimum age is now 16 at the time of the event.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1993" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1993">1993</a> After the breakup of Yugoslavia, a <a href="/wiki/Kvalifikacija_za_Millstreet" title="Kvalifikacija za Millstreet">pre-qualifying round</a> was introduced.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1994" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1994">1994</a> Relegation had to be introduced to accommodate the ever-increasing number of countries wishing to compete. Initially the bottom seven countries from 1993 would be relegated from 1994 contest. The relegation rules would change slightly over subsequent years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1996" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1996">1996</a> The number of countries that can compete is increased to 23.<a href="#cite_note-23participants-126">[125]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1997" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1997">1997</a> After controversy over a <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1996" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1996">1996</a> pre-selection procedure (similar to 1993) which resulted in <a href="/wiki/Germany_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_1996" title="Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1996">Germany</a> being omitted from the contest, the selection procedure changed to allow only the countries with the best average scores over the previous four years.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1997" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1997">1997</a> Following the appearance of a <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh computer">Macintosh computer</a> on stage the previous year during <a href="/wiki/Gina_G" title="Gina G">Gina G</a>'s performance for the United Kingdom, the rule on backing tracks was relaxed, so that countries were free to use any combination of live and recorded music of their choice without the requirement for any instruments to be seen on stage.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1997" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1997">1997</a> Televoting was trialled in five countries and would become the preferred method of voting from <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1998" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1998">1998</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1999" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1999">1999</a> Restrictions are lifted again allowing countries to sing in any language.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1999" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1999">1999</a> The use of a live orchestra was dropped as a way to conserve money for the show; since then, all songs have used pre-recorded backing tracks.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2000" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2000">2000</a> The "<a href="/wiki/Big_Four_(Eurovision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Four (Eurovision)">Big Four</a>" rule is introduced giving France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom automatic entry in the contest regardless of previous performance. In <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2011" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2011">2011</a>, Italy returned to the competition, becoming a "<a href="/wiki/Big_Five_(Eurovision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Five (Eurovision)">Big Five</a>" member.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2002" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2002">2002</a> The number of countries that can compete is increased to 24.<a href="#cite_note-24participants-127">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2003" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2003">2003</a> The number of countries that can compete is increased to 26.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2004" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2004">2004</a> Relegation rules, which had varied slightly since 1994, were dropped and a semi-final was introduced. 24 countries compete in the final. Countries eliminated in the semi-final were still allowed to vote on the final, so the convention of reading the scores in both French and English was dropped. The spokesperson would now read the score in one language with presenters repeating in the other language.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2006" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2006">2006</a> Jury spokespersons no longer read out all the points from 1 up to 12. Instead the scores up to 7 points are displayed briefly before the spokesperson reads out their 8, 10 and 12 point allocations.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2008" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2008">2008</a> With a record entry of 43, a second semi-final was introduced. Juries were used to allocate a wild-card place in the final from each of the semi-finals. 25 countries now compete in the final.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2009" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2009">2009</a> After criticism of the voting system after the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2007" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2007">2007</a> contest, changes in the voting procedure were made with the re-introduction of a national jury alongside televoting (split 50/50). This format would be extended to the semi-finals in 2010.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2010" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2010">2010</a> Televoting is open from the first song until the end of the voting.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2012" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2012">2012</a> The 15-minute televoting window is restored due to criticism of the voting method after the 2011 contest. 26 countries now compete in the final, due to Italy's return in 2011. A new upper limit of only 20 votes per phone number is imposed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2013" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2013">2013</a> The format of the jury/televoting result is changed slightly in that all songs are now ranked instead of being given a score in each method. This is then merged and the ten highest ranked songs receive points in the usual manner. Also, for the first time, the running order in all three shows is determined by producers of the show instead of a random draw, which is supposed to give each song competing a fair chance of success.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2015" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2015">2015</a> The EBU considers the possibility of inviting countries outside of the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Area" title="European Broadcasting Area">European Broadcasting Area</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a> to participate in future editions of the contest. The first of such "guest nations" was Australia in 2015. This also increases the number of countries competing in the final to 27.<a href="#cite_note-guardian-aus15-128">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-Australia_participate-129">[128]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2016" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2016">2016</a> A new voting system is introduced. Entries now receive one set of points from the jury and one set of points from televoting. First, the jury votes are announced in the usual way, giving 1 up to 12 points but with only the 12 points being read by the spokesperson. Then, the televotes are read by the presenters, starting with the country receiving the fewest televote points and ending with the country that received the most televote points, so the winner is not known until the end of the show.<a href="#cite_note-130">[129]</a> In addition, the number of countries competing in the final is reduced back to 26 as Australia now competes in the semi-final.<a href="#cite_note-131">[130]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2018" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2018">2018</a> The rankings of individual jurors in each country are combined using an exponentially weighted formula.<a href="#cite_note-132">[131]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2019">2019</a> The order of the televoting presentation is changed. Instead of presenting the televoting results in the order of fewest to most points, the points are given in the order of the final jury voting ranking, meaning the country with the fewest jury points receives its televote points first, and the winner of the jury votes hears its final score last.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2021">2021</a> Pre-recorded backing vocals are permitted in an effort to introduce flexibility following the cancellation of the 2020 edition and to facilitate modernisation.<a href="#cite_note-Back_for_good-31">[30]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2023">2023</a> Re-introduction of full televoting for the semi-finals and introduction of online voting by viewers in non-participating countries for all shows, with their votes aggregated and awarded as one set of televoting points.<a href="#cite_note-2023_voting_change2-6">[6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2024">2024</a> Televoting in the final is open from the first song until the end of the voting. Two online voting windows are open for viewers in non-participating countries for all shows, with one lasting 24 hours before the shows, and one occurring during the shows.<a href="#cite_note-AQinSF-133">[132]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chronology">Chronology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Chronology">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:80%;"> <caption>Rules overview </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Rule </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1221560606">@supports(writing-mode:vertical-rl){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header{line-height:1;max-width:1em;padding:0.4em;vertical-align:bottom;width:1em}html.client-js .mw-parser-output .sortable:not(.jquery-tablesorter) .ts-vertical-header:not(.unsortable),html.client-js .mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.headerSort{background-position:50%.4em;padding-right:0.4em;padding-top:21px}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-valign-top{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-valign-middle{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header.is-normal{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header>*{display:inline-block;transform:rotate(180deg);writing-mode:vertical-rl}@supports(writing-mode:sideways-lr){.mw-parser-output .ts-vertical-header>*{transform:none;writing-mode:sideways-lr}}}</style>1956</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1957</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1958</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1959</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1960</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1961</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1962</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1963</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1964</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1965</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1966</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1967</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1968</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1969</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1970</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1971</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1972</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1973</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1974</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1975</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1976</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1977</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1978</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1979</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1980</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1981</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1982</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1983</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1984</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1985</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1986</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1987</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1988</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1989</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1990</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1991</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1992</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1993</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1994</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1995</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1996</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1997</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1998</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">1999</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2000</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2001</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2002</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2003</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2004</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2005</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2006</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2007</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2008</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2009</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2010</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2011</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2012</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2013</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2014</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2015</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2016</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2017</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2018</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2019</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2020</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2021</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2022</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2023</div> </th> <th scope="col" class="nowrap ts-vertical-header is-normal" style=""><div style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1221560606">2024</div> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Songs per country </th> <td colspan="1">2</td> <td colspan="68">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Max. # of lead vocalists </th> <td colspan="1">1<a href="#cite_note-134">[b]</a></td> <td colspan="14">2<a href="#cite_note-135">[c]</a></td> <td colspan="54">6<a href="#cite_note-136">[d]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Song length </th> <td colspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">None<a href="#cite_note-137">[e]</a></td> <td colspan="67">3:00 or less </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Language </th> <td colspan="10" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">None<a href="#cite_note-138">[f]</a></td> <td colspan="7">Native</td> <td colspan="4">Any<a href="#cite_note-lang-139">[g]</a></td> <td colspan="22">Native</td> <td colspan="26">Any<a href="#cite_note-lang-139">[g]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tiebreakers </th> <td colspan="14" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">None</td> <td colspan="34">Winner tiebreak<a href="#cite_note-140">[h]</a></td> <td colspan="4">1st & 10th in SF</td> <td colspan="17">Full tiebreaker </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Age limit </th> <td colspan="34" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">Any</td> <td colspan="35">Min. 16 years old </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Orchestra </th> <td colspan="17">Orchestra only</td> <td colspan="24">Orchestra only, backing track allowed, but instruments on it had to be seen on stage</td> <td colspan="2">Free<a href="#cite_note-141">[i]</a></td> <td colspan="26">Backing track only (no orchestra) </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Jury or televoting </th> <td colspan="41">Jury</td> <td colspan="1">Tele test<a href="#cite_note-142">[j]</a></td> <td colspan="3">Tele</td> <td colspan="2">Tele/ 50/50</td> <td colspan="6">Tele </td> <td colspan="7">50/50</td> <td colspan="7">Jury and tele</td> <td colspan="2">Televote in <abbr title="semi-finals">SFs</abbr>, both in final </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Qualifications </th> <td colspan="37" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">A single final</td> <td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Kvalifikacija_za_Millstreet" title="Kvalifikacija za Millstreet"><abbr title="Kvalifikacija za Millstreet">KzM</abbr></a></td> <td colspan="2">Relegation<a href="#cite_note-143">[k]</a></td> <td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1996#Qualifying_round" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1996"><abbr title="Qualifying round">PQR</abbr></a></td> <td colspan="7">Relegation<a href="#cite_note-144">[l]</a></td> <td colspan="4"><abbr title="Semi-final">SF</abbr><a href="#cite_note-145">[m]</a></td> <td colspan="17">2 <abbr title="semi-finals">SFs</abbr><a href="#cite_note-146">[n]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Participants limit </th> <td colspan="31" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">None</td> <td colspan="9">22<a href="#cite_note-22participants-125">[124]</a></td> <td colspan="6">23<a href="#cite_note-23participants-126">[125]</a></td> <td colspan="1">24<a href="#cite_note-24participants-127">[126]</a></td> <td colspan="1">26</td> <td colspan="3">40</td> <td>45</td> <td colspan="11">46</td> <td colspan="6">44 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Live vocals </th> <td colspan="65">All vocals must be live</td> <td colspan="4">Lead<a href="#cite_note-148">[o]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Voting_at_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Voting at the Eurovision Song Contest">Voting at the Eurovision Song Contest</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> To depart after the 2025 contest<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Up to 5 backing vocalists allowed. </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> Up to 5 backing vocalists allowed for soloists, up to 4 backing vocalists allowed for duets. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> Up to 6 performers allowed on stage in total. </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> 3:30 is the recommended max length of a song.<a href="#cite_note-1956duration-121">[120]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> Up until 1964, every country sang in its native language, and an unofficial rule was that every country would do that. In 1965, Sweden sent a song in English, so the rule was formally introduced.<a href="#cite_note-1965contest-123">[122]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-lang-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lang_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lang_139-1">b</a> No rules restricting language usage. </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> A tie is still possible. </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> Each country would decide if they wanted to use the orchestra or the backing track. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> 5 countries tested televoting, while the other 20 used juries. </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> Worst-scoring countries over a period of 5 years would have to skip a contest. </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> Worst-scoring countries in the previous contest would have to skip the next contest. </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> A single semi-final is held where 10 countries qualify. 24 countries compete in the final. </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> 2 semi-finals are held, with 10 countries qualifying from each. </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> Only lead vocals have to be live. Backing vocals can be live or pre-recorded.<a href="#cite_note-vocals-147">[133]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-How_it_works-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-How_it_works_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-How_it_works_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-How_it_works_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/about/how-it-works">"How it works – Eurovision Song Contest"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 15 January 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+it+works+%E2%80%93+Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2017-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fabout%2Fhow-it-works&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaFleur2020" class="citation web cs1">LaFleur, Louise (27 February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/rotterdam-to-host-eurovision-2020">"Rotterdam to host Eurovision 2020!"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 9 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rotterdam+to+host+Eurovision+2020%21&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2020-02-27&rft.aulast=LaFleur&rft.aufirst=Louise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Frotterdam-to-host-eurovision-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_lessons_learned-3"><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_lessons_learned_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-48325868">"Eurovision 2019: Five lessons learned"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. BBC. 19 May 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Eurovision+2019%3A+Five+lessons+learned&rft.date=2019-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-48325868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatersonAllegrettieditor2022" class="citation news cs1">Waterson, Jim; Allegretti, Aubrey; editor, Jim Waterson Media (2022-07-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2022/jul/25/uk-to-host-eurovision-song-contest-in-2023-on-behalf-of-ukraine">"UK to host Eurovision song contest in 2023 on behalf of Ukraine"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 2024-05-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=UK+to+host+Eurovision+song+contest+in+2023+on+behalf+of+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-07-25&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Waterson&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft.au=Allegretti%2C+Aubrey&rft.au=editor%2C+Jim+Waterson+Media&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftv-and-radio%2F2022%2Fjul%2F25%2Fuk-to-host-eurovision-song-contest-in-2023-on-behalf-of-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|last3=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Rules-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rules_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rules_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rules_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rules_5-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rules_5-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rules_5-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rules_5-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rules_5-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rules_5-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rules_5-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rules_5-10">k</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/about/rules/">"Eurovision Song Contest: Rules"</a>. ebu.ch. <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a>. 12 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220826013327/https://eurovision.tv/about/rules">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2022. Retrieved 27 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ebu.ch&rft.atitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Rules&rft.date=2017-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fabout%2Frules%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2023_voting_change2-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2023_voting_change2_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2023_voting_change2_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2023_voting_change2_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2023_voting_change2_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2023_voting_change2_6-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/voting-changes-announced-eurovision-song-contest-2023">"Voting changes announced for Eurovision Song Contest 2023"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 22 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221122131325/https://eurovision.tv/story/voting-changes-announced-eurovision-song-contest-2023">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voting+changes+announced+for+Eurovision+Song+Contest+2023&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2022-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fvoting-changes-announced-eurovision-song-contest-2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FAQ-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FAQ_7-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/about/faq/">"FAQ – Eurovision Song Contest"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 12 January 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210222172139/https://eurovision.tv/about/faq">Archived</a> from the original on 22 February 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQ+%E2%80%93+Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2017-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fabout%2Ffaq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-EBUmembership-8"><a href="#cite_ref-EBUmembership_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebu.ch/about/members/admission">"EBU – Admission"</a>. ebu.ch. <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a>. 27 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210104044726/https://www.ebu.ch/about/members/admission">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2021. Retrieved 27 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ebu.ch&rft.atitle=EBU+%E2%80%93+Admission&rft.date=2018-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebu.ch%2Fabout%2Fmembers%2Fadmission&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Who_can_take_part-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Who_can_take_part_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170317083448/https://eurovision.tv/page/about/which-countries-can-take-part#Which%20countries?">"Which countries can take part?"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/page/about/which-countries-can-take-part#Which%20countries?">the original</a> on 17 March 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Which+countries+can+take+part%3F&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fpage%2Fabout%2Fwhich-countries-can-take-part%23Which%2520countries%3F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Organisers-10"><a href="#cite_ref-Organisers_10-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/about/organisers">"Eurovision Song Contest: Organisers"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 12 January 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Organisers&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2017-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fabout%2Forganisers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HoDs-11"><a href="#cite_ref-HoDs_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/about/organisers/heads-of-delegation/">"Eurovision Song Contest: Heads of Delegation"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 14 January 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Heads+of+Delegation&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2017-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fabout%2Forganisers%2Fheads-of-delegation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroot2019" class="citation web cs1">Groot, Evert (11 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/heads-of-delegation-meeting-2019-in-tel-aviv">"Lineup 2019 completed as Heads of Delegation gather in Tel Aviv"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lineup+2019+completed+as+Heads+of+Delegation+gather+in+Tel+Aviv&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2019-03-11&rft.aulast=Groot&rft.aufirst=Evert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fheads-of-delegation-meeting-2019-in-tel-aviv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Exec_Supervisor-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Exec_Supervisor_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Exec_Supervisor_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200529213300/https://eurovision.tv/about/organisers/executive-supervisor/">"Eurovision Song Contest: Executive Supervisor"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/about/organisers/executive-supervisor">the original</a> on 29 May 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Executive+Supervisor&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fabout%2Forganisers%2Fexecutive-supervisor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdessi2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Adessi, Antonio (2024-07-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurofestivalnews.com/2024/07/20/eurovision-2025-esc-director/">"Eurovision 2025: l'EBU cerca un ESC Director. Martin Österdahl resta Show Supervisor"</a> [Eurovision 2025: the EBU is looking for an ESC Director. Martin Österdahl remains Show Supervisor]. Eurofestival News (in Italian). Retrieved 2024-07-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurofestival+News&rft.atitle=Eurovision+2025%3A+l%27EBU+cerca+un+ESC+Director.+Martin+%C3%96sterdahl+resta+Show+Supervisor&rft.date=2024-07-20&rft.aulast=Adessi&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurofestivalnews.com%2F2024%2F07%2F20%2Feurovision-2025-esc-director%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2025director-15"><a href="#cite_ref-2025director_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebu.ch/news/2024/10/martin-green-joins-eurovision-song-contest-in-new-director-role">"Martin Green joins Eurovision Song Contest in new Director role"</a>. <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a> (EBU). 2024-10-15. Retrieved 2024-10-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Martin+Green+joins+Eurovision+Song+Contest+in+new+Director+role&rft.pub=European+Broadcasting+Union+%28EBU%29&rft.date=2024-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebu.ch%2Fnews%2F2024%2F10%2Fmartin-green-joins-eurovision-song-contest-in-new-director-role&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reference_Group-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reference_Group_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reference_Group_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/about/organisers/reference-group/">"Eurovision Song Contest: Reference Group"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 14 January 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Reference+Group&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2017-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fabout%2Forganisers%2Freference-group%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebu.ch/groups/eurovision-song-contest-reference">"Eurovision Song Contest Reference Group"</a>. ebu.ch. <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a>. 8 October 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ebu.ch&rft.atitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest+Reference+Group&rft.date=2014-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebu.ch%2Fgroups%2Feurovision-song-contest-reference&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/about/organisers">"The Organisers behind the Eurovision Song Contest"</a>. Eurovision.tv. <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a>. 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2023-09-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurovision.tv&rft.atitle=The+Organisers+behind+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2019-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fabout%2Forganisers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebu.ch/news/2023/06/srgs-bakel-walden-appointed-chair-of-eurovision-song-contest-reference-group">"SRG's Bakel Walden appointed Chair of Eurovision Song Contest Reference Group"</a>. ebu.ch. European Broadcasting Union. 2023-06-15. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ebu.ch&rft.atitle=SRG%27s+Bakel+Walden+appointed+Chair+of+Eurovision+Song+Contest+Reference+Group&rft.date=2023-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebu.ch%2Fnews%2F2023%2F06%2Fsrgs-bakel-walden-appointed-chair-of-eurovision-song-contest-reference-group&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGranger2023" class="citation web cs1">Granger, Anthony (2023-06-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovoix.com/2023/06/15/eurovision-2024-new-reference-group-head-members/">"Eurovision 2024: New Reference Group Head & Members Announced"</a>. Eurovoix. Retrieved 2023-06-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurovoix&rft.atitle=Eurovision+2024%3A+New+Reference+Group+Head+%26+Members+Announced&rft.date=2023-06-15&rft.aulast=Granger&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovoix.com%2F2023%2F06%2F15%2Feurovision-2024-new-reference-group-head-members%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.srgssr.ch/en/news-media/news/bakel-walden-is-leaving-srg-ssr">"Bakel Walden is leaving SRG SSR"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Swiss Broadcasting Corporation">Swiss Broadcasting Corporation</a> (SRG SSR). 2024-09-16. Retrieved 2024-09-16. <q>Bakel Walden will pursue his external mandates (member of the Mediapulse AG Board of Directors and Chairman of the Eurovision Song Contest Reference Group) until mid-2025 when these will be handed over according to the regular turnover process.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bakel+Walden+is+leaving+SRG+SSR&rft.pub=Swiss+Broadcasting+Corporation+%28SRG+SSR%29&rft.date=2024-09-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.srgssr.ch%2Fen%2Fnews-media%2Fnews%2Fbakel-walden-is-leaving-srg-ssr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012387–396-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012387–396_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012387–396_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012387–396_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012387–396_23-3">d</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoxburgh2012">Roxburgh 2012</a>, pp. 387–396. </li> <li id="cite_note-99_Rules-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-99_Rules_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-99_Rules_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-99_Rules_24-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-99_Rules_24-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurosong.net/archive/esc1999.pdf">"Rules of the 44th Eurovision Song Contest, 1999"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190418112958/http://www.eurosong.net/archive/esc1999.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 1 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rules+of+the+44th+Eurovision+Song+Contest%2C+1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurosong.net%2Farchive%2Fesc1999.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/frankfurt-1957">"Frankfurt 1957 - Eurovision Song Contest"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 22 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frankfurt+1957+-+Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Ffrankfurt-1957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winners-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Winners_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180512231240/https://eurovision.tv/winners">"Eurovision Song Contest: Winners"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/winners">the original</a> on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 3 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Winners&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fwinners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010120–123-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010120–123_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Connor2010">O'Connor 2010</a>, pp. 120–123. </li> <li id="cite_note-Lausanne_89-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Lausanne_89_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/lausanne-1989">"Eurovision Song Contest: Lausanne 1989"</a>. Eurovision.tv. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 4 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurovision.tv&rft.atitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Lausanne+1989&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Flausanne-1989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bergen_86-29"><a href="#cite_ref-Bergen_86_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/bergen-1986">"Eurovision Song Contest: Bergen 1986"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 4 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Bergen+1986&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Fbergen-1986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010104–107-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010104–107_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Connor2010">O'Connor 2010</a>, pp. 104–107. </li> <li id="cite_note-Back_for_good-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Back_for_good_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Back_for_good_31-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Back_for_good_31-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/changes-announced-to-ensure-eurovision-comes-back-for-good">"Changes announced to ensure Eurovision comes 'back for good'"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 18 June 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Changes+announced+to+ensure+Eurovision+comes+%27back+for+good%27&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2020-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fchanges-announced-to-ensure-eurovision-comes-back-for-good&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010148–151-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010148–151_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010148–151_32-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Connor2010">O'Connor 2010</a>, pp. 148–151. </li> <li id="cite_note-Jerusalem_99-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jerusalem_99_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jerusalem_99_33-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jerusalem_99_33-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/jerusalem-1999">"Eurovision Song Contest: Jerusalem 1999"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 1 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Jerusalem+1999&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Fjerusalem-1999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010156–159-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010156–159_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010156–159_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010156–159_34-2">c</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Connor2010">O'Connor 2010</a>, pp. 156–159. </li> <li id="cite_note-15_Rules-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-15_Rules_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-15_Rules_35-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150430201605/http://www.eurovision.tv/upload/press-downloads/2015/2014-09-02_2015_ESC_rules_EN_PUBLIC_RULES.pdf">"Public Rules of the 60th Eurovision Song Contest"</a> (PDF). Eurovision Song Contest. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurovision.tv/upload/press-downloads/2015/2014-09-02_2015_ESC_rules_EN_PUBLIC_RULES.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 30 April 2015. Retrieved 4 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Rules+of+the+60th+Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurovision.tv%2Fupload%2Fpress-downloads%2F2015%2F2014-09-02_2015_ESC_rules_EN_PUBLIC_RULES.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatsoulakis2022" class="citation web cs1">Katsoulakis, Manos (2022-08-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovisionfun.com/en/2022/08/the-rules-of-eurovision-2023-are-released-pre-recorded-vocals-permitted-again/">"The rules of Eurovision 2023 are released: Pre-recorded backing vocals permitted again"</a>. EurovisionFun. Retrieved 2022-08-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EurovisionFun&rft.atitle=The+rules+of+Eurovision+2023+are+released%3A+Pre-recorded+backing+vocals+permitted+again&rft.date=2022-08-25&rft.aulast=Katsoulakis&rft.aufirst=Manos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovisionfun.com%2Fen%2F2022%2F08%2Fthe-rules-of-eurovision-2023-are-released-pre-recorded-vocals-permitted-again%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Naples_65-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Naples_65_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/naples-1965">"Eurovision Song Contest: Naples 1965"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 4 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Naples+1965&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Fnaples-1965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201028–29-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201028–29_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Connor2010">O'Connor 2010</a>, pp. 28–29. </li> <li id="cite_note-Luxembourg_66-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Luxembourg_66_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Luxembourg_66_39-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/luxembourg-1966">"Eurovision Song Contest: Luxembourg 1966"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 4 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Luxembourg+1966&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Fluxembourg-1966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201052–55-40"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201052–55_40-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Connor2010">O'Connor 2010</a>, pp. 52–55. </li> <li id="cite_note-Luxembourg_73-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Luxembourg_73_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/luxembourg-1973">"Eurovision Song Contest: Luxembourg 1973"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 4 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Luxembourg+1973&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Fluxembourg-1973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201068–71-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201068–71_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Connor2010">O'Connor 2010</a>, pp. 68–71. </li> <li id="cite_note-London_77-43"><a href="#cite_ref-London_77_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/london-1977">"Eurovision Song Contest: London 1977"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 4 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+London+1977&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Flondon-1977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliveira_e_SilvaHarris2018" class="citation web cs1">Oliveira e Silva, Antonio; Harris, Chris (10 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/2018/05/09/english-song-dominance-on-the-decline-at-eurovision-2018">"English song dominance on the decline at Eurovision 2018"</a>. euronews.com. <a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a>. Retrieved 4 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=euronews.com&rft.atitle=English+song+dominance+on+the+decline+at+Eurovision+2018&rft.date=2018-05-10&rft.aulast=Oliveira+e+Silva&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.au=Harris%2C+Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2018%2F05%2F09%2Fenglish-song-dominance-on-the-decline-at-eurovision-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEscudero2019" class="citation web cs1">Escudero, Victor M. (5 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/eurovision-class-of-2019-languages">"Eurovision Class of 2019: This year's languages"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 4 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Class+of+2019%3A+This+year%27s+languages&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2019-04-05&rft.aulast=Escudero&rft.aufirst=Victor+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Feurovision-class-of-2019-languages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/vital-statistics-2">"Vital Statistics 2: The Results"</a>. Eurovision.tv. 27 May 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurovision.tv&rft.atitle=Vital+Statistics+2%3A+The+Results&rft.date=2021-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fvital-statistics-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/ishtar-for-belgium-to-belgrade">"Ishtar for Belgium to Belgrade!"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 10 March 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ishtar+for+Belgium+to+Belgrade%21&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2008-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fishtar-for-belgium-to-belgrade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/participant/zoe">"Zoë – Austria – Stockholm 2016"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 4 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zo%C3%AB+%E2%80%93+Austria+%E2%80%93+Stockholm+2016&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fparticipant%2Fzoe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/participant/elina-nechayeva">"Elina Nechayeva] – Estonia – Lisbon 2018"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 4 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elina+Nechayeva%5D+%E2%80%93+Estonia+%E2%80%93+Lisbon+2018&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fparticipant%2Felina-nechayeva&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/running-order-malmoe-2013-to-be-determined-by-producers">"Running order Malmö 2013 to be determined by producers"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 7 November 2012. Retrieved 9 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Running+order+Malm%C3%B6+2013+to+be+determined+by+producers&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2012-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Frunning-order-malmoe-2013-to-be-determined-by-producers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZwartJordan2018" class="citation web cs1">Zwart, Josianne; Jordan, Paul (29 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/results-of-the-semi-final-allocation-draw-2018">"Which countries will perform in which Semi-Final at Eurovision 2018?"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 9 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Which+countries+will+perform+in+which+Semi-Final+at+Eurovision+2018%3F&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2018-01-29&rft.aulast=Zwart&rft.aufirst=Josianne&rft.au=Jordan%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fresults-of-the-semi-final-allocation-draw-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2013_semi_order-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2013_semi_order_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2013_semi_order_52-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/eurovision-2013-semi-final-running-order-revealed">"Eurovision 2013: Semi-Final running order revealed"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 28 March 2013. Retrieved 9 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+2013%3A+Semi-Final+running+order+revealed&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2013-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Feurovision-2013-semi-final-running-order-revealed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroot2018" class="citation web cs1">Groot, Evert (6 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/portugal-france-spain-italy-united-kingdom-second-rehearsal-2018">"Portugal and 'Big Five' rehearse for the second time"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 9 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portugal+and+%27Big+Five%27+rehearse+for+the+second+time&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2018-05-06&rft.aulast=Groot&rft.aufirst=Evert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fportugal-france-spain-italy-united-kingdom-second-rehearsal-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/malmo-2024-producers-choice-running-order">"Malmö 2024: Producers to get more "choice" in deciding Grand Final running order"</a>. Eurovision.tv. EBU. 2024-04-16. Retrieved 2024-04-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurovision.tv&rft.atitle=Malm%C3%B6+2024%3A+Producers+to+get+more+%22choice%22+in+deciding+Grand+Final+running+order&rft.date=2024-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fmalmo-2024-producers-choice-running-order&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/exclusive-running-order-producers-decide-2017">"How is the Running Order being decided?"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 12 May 2017. Retrieved 9 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+is+the+Running+Order+being+decided%3F&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2017-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fexclusive-running-order-producers-decide-2017&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRepo2012" class="citation web cs1">Repo, Juha (8 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esctoday.com/?p=38497">"Mixed feelings about Eurovision rule change"</a>. esctoday.com. Retrieved 9 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=esctoday.com&rft.atitle=Mixed+feelings+about+Eurovision+rule+change&rft.date=2012-11-08&rft.aulast=Repo&rft.aufirst=Juha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesctoday.com%2F%3Fp%3D38497&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntipovPokryshevskaya2017" class="citation journal cs1">Antipov, Evgeny A.; Pokryshevskaya, Elena B. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journal.sjdm.org/16/16121/jdm16121.html">"Order effects in the results of song contests: Evidence from the Eurovision and the New Wave"</a>. Judgement and Decision Making. 12 (4). Retrieved 9 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Judgement+and+Decision+Making&rft.atitle=Order+effects+in+the+results+of+song+contests%3A+Evidence+from+the+Eurovision+and+the+New+Wave&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Antipov&rft.aufirst=Evgeny+A.&rft.au=Pokryshevskaya%2C+Elena+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournal.sjdm.org%2F16%2F16121%2Fjdm16121.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2019" class="citation web cs1">Kelly, Emma (17 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://metro.co.uk/2019/05/17/eurovision-running-order-stats-affect-michael-rices-chances-winning-uk-9584421/">"How do the Eurovision running order stats affect Michael Rice's chances of winning for the UK?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metro_(British_newspaper)" title="Metro (British newspaper)">Metro</a>. Retrieved 9 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+do+the+Eurovision+running+order+stats+affect+Michael+Rice%27s+chances+of+winning+for+the+UK%3F&rft.pub=Metro&rft.date=2019-05-17&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmetro.co.uk%2F2019%2F05%2F17%2Feurovision-running-order-stats-affect-michael-rices-chances-winning-uk-9584421%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/things-you-might-not-know-about-eurovision">"Things you might not know about the Eurovision Song Contest"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 28 April 2020. Retrieved 9 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Things+you+might+not+know+about+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2020-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fthings-you-might-not-know-about-eurovision&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jury_semi_scrapped-60"><a href="#cite_ref-jury_semi_scrapped_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-63716398">"Eurovision scraps jury voting in semi-finals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. 22 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221122131409/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-63716398">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+scraps+jury+voting+in+semi-finals&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2022-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-63716398&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voting-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Voting_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voting_61-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voting_61-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voting_61-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voting_61-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voting_61-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Voting_61-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/about/voting">"Eurovision Song Contest: Voting"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 3 May 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Voting&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2017-05-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fabout%2Fvoting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/voting-changes-2023-faq">"Voting changes (2023) FAQ"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 22 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221122133421/https://eurovision.tv/voting-changes-2023-faq">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Voting+changes+%282023%29+FAQ&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2022-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fvoting-changes-2023-faq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovisionworld.com/esc/eurovision-2023-votes-from-144-countries">"Eurovision 2023: Votes from 144 countries"</a>. Eurovisionworld. 2023-05-25. Retrieved 2023-05-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurovisionworld&rft.atitle=Eurovision+2023%3A+Votes+from+144+countries&rft.date=2023-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovisionworld.com%2Fesc%2Feurovision-2023-votes-from-144-countries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frankfurt_57-64"><a href="#cite_ref-Frankfurt_57_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/frankfurt-1957">"Eurovision Song Contest: Frankfurt 1957"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Frankfurt+1957&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Ffrankfurt-1957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dublin_97-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Dublin_97_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/dublin-1997">"Eurovision Song Contest: Dublin 1997"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 1 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Dublin+1997&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Fdublin-1997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-04_voting_fault-66"><a href="#cite_ref-04_voting_fault_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/3712029.stm">"Voting fault hits Eurovision heat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. BBC. 13 May 2014. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Voting+fault+hits+Eurovision+heat&rft.date=2014-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fentertainment%2Fmusic%2F3712029.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Decade_Kyiv_05-67"><a href="#cite_ref-Decade_Kyiv_05_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/the-end-of-a-decade-kyiv-2005">"The end of a decade: Kyiv 2005"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 27 December 2009. Retrieved 29 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+end+of+a+decade%3A+Kyiv+2005&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2009-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fthe-end-of-a-decade-kyiv-2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jury_09_final-68"><a href="#cite_ref-Jury_09_final_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/televoting-jury-mix-in-2009-final-voting">"Televoting/jury mix in 2009 Final voting"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 14 September 2008. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Televoting%2Fjury+mix+in+2009+Final+voting&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2008-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Ftelevoting-jury-mix-in-2009-final-voting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010_jury_semis-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2010_jury_semis_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010_jury_semis_69-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/juries-also-get-50-stake-in-semi-final-result">"Juries also get 50% stake in Semi-Final result"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 11 October 2009. Retrieved 2 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Juries+also+get+50%25+stake+in+Semi-Final+result&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2009-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fjuries-also-get-50-stake-in-semi-final-result&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Change_to_voting-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Change_to_voting_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Change_to_voting_70-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Change_to_voting_70-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan2016" class="citation web cs1">Jordan, Paul (18 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/biggest-change-to-eurovision-song-contest-voting-since-1975">"Biggest change to Eurovision Song Contest voting since 1975"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biggest+change+to+Eurovision+Song+Contest+voting+since+1975&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2016-02-18&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fbiggest-change-to-eurovision-song-contest-voting-since-1975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2016_spokespersons-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2016_spokespersons_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-2016_spokespersons_71-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoxburgh2016" class="citation web cs1">Roxburgh, Gordon (14 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/the-42-spokespersons-for-the-2016-grand-final">"The 42 spokespersons for the 2016 Grand Final"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+42+spokespersons+for+the+2016+Grand+Final&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2016-05-14&rft.aulast=Roxburgh&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fthe-42-spokespersons-for-the-2016-grand-final&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dublin_94-72"><a href="#cite_ref-Dublin_94_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/dublin-1994">"Eurovision Song Contest: Dublin 1994"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 1 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Dublin+1994&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Fdublin-1994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012152-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012152_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoxburgh2012">Roxburgh 2012</a>, p. 152. </li> <li id="cite_note-Dublin_88-74"><a href="#cite_ref-Dublin_88_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/dublin-1988">"Eurovision Song Contest: Dublin 1988"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Dublin+1988&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Fdublin-1988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/milestone-moments-1988-when-celine-was-crowned-queen">"Milestone Moments: 1988 – When Celine was crowned Queen"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 12 September 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Milestone+Moments%3A+1988+%E2%80%93+When+Celine+was+crowned+Queen&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2016-09-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fmilestone-moments-1988-when-celine-was-crowned-queen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Countdown_Athens_06-76"><a href="#cite_ref-Countdown_Athens_06_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/countdown-to-baku-athens-2006">"Countdown to Baku – Athens 2006"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 27 December 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Countdown+to+Baku+%E2%80%93+Athens+2006&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2011-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fcountdown-to-baku-athens-2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Athens_06-77"><a href="#cite_ref-Athens_06_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/athens-2006">"Eurovision Song Contest: Athens 2016"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Athens+2016&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Fathens-2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brighton_74-78"><a href="#cite_ref-Brighton_74_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/brighton-1974">"Eurovision Song Contest: 1974"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 3 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+1974&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Fbrighton-1974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012318–333-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012318–333_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoxburgh2012">Roxburgh 2012</a>, pp. 318–333. </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050507155415/http://www.eurovision.tv/archive_2004/english/1098.htm">"Eurovision 2004: Voting Briefing"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 12 May 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurovision.tv/archive_2004/english/1098.htm">the original</a> on 7 May 2005. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+2004%3A+Voting+Briefing&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2004-05-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurovision.tv%2Farchive_2004%2Fenglish%2F1098.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010180–183-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010180–183_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Connor2010">O'Connor 2010</a>, pp. 180–183. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060527003915/http://www.eurovision.tv/english/2038.htm">"Eurovision 2006: Results from the draw"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 21 March 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurovision.tv/english/2038.htm">the original</a> on 27 May 2006. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+2006%3A+Results+from+the+draw&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2006-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurovision.tv%2Fenglish%2F2038.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/the-2011-eurovision-song-contest-grand-final">"The 2011 Eurovision Song Contest Grand Final!"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 14 May 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+2011+Eurovision+Song+Contest+Grand+Final%21&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2011-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fthe-2011-eurovision-song-contest-grand-final&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/milestone-moments-1969-the-four-way-tie">"Milestone Moments: 1969 – The Four-Way Tie"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 1 September 2016. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Milestone+Moments%3A+1969+%E2%80%93+The+Four-Way+Tie&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2016-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fmilestone-moments-1969-the-four-way-tie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Facts_&_Figures-85"><a href="#cite_ref-Facts_&_Figures_85-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/about/facts-and-figures">"Eurovision Song Contest: Facts & Figures"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 12 January 2017. Retrieved 27 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Facts+%26+Figures&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2017-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fabout%2Ffacts-and-figures&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amsterdam_70-86"><a href="#cite_ref-Amsterdam_70_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/amsterdam-1970">"Eurovision Song Contest: Amsterdam 1970"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 3 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Amsterdam+1970&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Famsterdam-1970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201040–43-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201040–43_87-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Connor2010">O'Connor 2010</a>, pp. 40–43. </li> <li id="cite_note-Madrid_69-88"><a href="#cite_ref-Madrid_69_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/madrid-1969">"Eurovision Song Contest: Madrid 1969"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 30 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Madrid+1969&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Fmadrid-1969&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010124–127-89"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connor2010124–127_89-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Connor2010">O'Connor 2010</a>, pp. 124–127. </li> <li id="cite_note-Rome_91-90"><a href="#cite_ref-Rome_91_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/rome-1991">"Eurovision Song Contest: Rome 1991"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Rome+1991&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Frome-1991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myledbury.co.uk/eurovision/pdf/esc2000.pdf">"Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest 2000"</a> (PDF). Myledbury.co.uk. Retrieved 26 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Myledbury.co.uk&rft.atitle=Rules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest+2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myledbury.co.uk%2Feurovision%2Fpdf%2Fesc2000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myledbury.co.uk/eurovision/pdf/esc2002.pdf">"Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest 2002"</a> (PDF). Myledbury.co.uk. Retrieved 26 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Myledbury.co.uk&rft.atitle=Rules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest+2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myledbury.co.uk%2Feurovision%2Fpdf%2Fesc2002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myledbury.co.uk/eurovision/pdf/esc2003.pdf">"Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest 2003"</a> (PDF). Myledbury.co.uk. Retrieved 26 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Myledbury.co.uk&rft.atitle=Rules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest+2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myledbury.co.uk%2Feurovision%2Fpdf%2Fesc2003.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Helsinki_07-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Helsinki_07_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Helsinki_07_94-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esckaz.com/2007/rules.htm">"Main rules of Eurovision Song Contest (as of 2007 edition)"</a>. esckaz. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Main+rules+of+Eurovision+Song+Contest+%28as+of+2007+edition%29&rft.pub=esckaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesckaz.com%2F2007%2Frules.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Belgrade_08-95"><a href="#cite_ref-Belgrade_08_95-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esckaz.com/2008/rules.htm">"Main rules of Eurovision Song Contest (as of 2008 edition)"</a>. esckaz. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Main+rules+of+Eurovision+Song+Contest+%28as+of+2008+edition%29&rft.pub=esckaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesckaz.com%2F2008%2Frules.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fairness-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fairness_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fairness_96-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fairness_96-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/about/in-depth/fairness/">"Eurovision Song Contest: Fairness"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 12 January 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Fairness&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2017-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fabout%2Fin-depth%2Ffairness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19_juries-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-19_juries_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-19_juries_97-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroot2019" class="citation web cs1">Groot, Evert (30 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/exclusive-eurovision-2019-juries">"Exclusive: These are the judges who will vote in Eurovision 2019!"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exclusive%3A+These+are+the+judges+who+will+vote+in+Eurovision+2019%21&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2019-04-30&rft.aulast=Groot&rft.aufirst=Evert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fexclusive-eurovision-2019-juries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://once.net/our-work/eurovision">"Our work - Eurovision"</a>. Once.net. Retrieved 2024-10-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Once.net&rft.atitle=Our+work+-+Eurovision&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonce.net%2Four-work%2Feurovision&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.sap.com/netherlands/2021/05/ey-contributes-to-a-safe-eurovision-song-contest/">"EY contributes to a safe Eurovision Song Contest"</a>. SAP Nederland Nieuws (in Dutch). 20 May 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SAP+Nederland+Nieuws&rft.atitle=EY+contributes+to+a+safe+Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2021-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.sap.com%2Fnetherlands%2F2021%2F05%2Fey-contributes-to-a-safe-eurovision-song-contest%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiemeier2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Niemeier, Timo (2023-05-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dwdl.de/magazin/92802/wie_ein_deutsches_unternehmen_den_esc_entscheidend_praegt/">"Wie ein deutsches Unternehmen den ESC entscheidend prägt"</a> [How a German company is having a decisive influence on the ESC]. DWDL.de (in German). Retrieved 2024-10-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DWDL.de&rft.atitle=Wie+ein+deutsches+Unternehmen+den+ESC+entscheidend+pr%C3%A4gt&rft.date=2023-05-13&rft.aulast=Niemeier&rft.aufirst=Timo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwdl.de%2Fmagazin%2F92802%2Fwie_ein_deutsches_unternehmen_den_esc_entscheidend_praegt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stockholm_2000-101"><a href="#cite_ref-Stockholm_2000_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/stockholm-2000">"Eurovision Song Contest: Stockholm 2000"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Stockholm+2000&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Fstockholm-2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Decade_Stockholm_2000-102"><a href="#cite_ref-Decade_Stockholm_2000_102-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/the-end-of-a-decade-stockholm-2000">"The end of a decade: Stockholm 2000"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 21 December 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+end+of+a+decade%3A+Stockholm+2000&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2009-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fthe-end-of-a-decade-stockholm-2000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/albania-to-broadcast-tonight-s-semi-final-deferred">"Albania to broadcast tonight's Semi-Final deferred"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 22 May 2012. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Albania+to+broadcast+tonight%27s+Semi-Final+deferred&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2012-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Falbania-to-broadcast-tonight-s-semi-final-deferred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyston2009" class="citation web cs1">Royston, Benny (15 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esctoday.com/14060/spain_to_face_sanctions_over_late_broadcast/">"Spain to face sanctions over late broadcast"</a>. esctoday.com. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=esctoday.com&rft.atitle=Spain+to+face+sanctions+over+late+broadcast&rft.date=2009-05-15&rft.aulast=Royston&rft.aufirst=Benny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesctoday.com%2F14060%2Fspain_to_face_sanctions_over_late_broadcast%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEscartín2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Escartín, Javier (15 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.es/play/abci-problemas-soraya-eurovision-200905150300-92916354130_noticia.html">"Los problemas de Soraya en Eurovisión"</a> [Soraya's problems at Eurovision]. <a href="/wiki/ABC_(newspaper)" title="ABC (newspaper)">ABC</a> (in Spanish). Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC&rft.atitle=Los+problemas+de+Soraya+en+Eurovisi%C3%B3n&rft.date=2009-05-15&rft.aulast=Escart%C3%ADn&rft.aufirst=Javier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.es%2Fplay%2Fabci-problemas-soraya-eurovision-200905150300-92916354130_noticia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-London_68-106"><a href="#cite_ref-London_68_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/london-1968">"Eurovision Song Contest: London 1968"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+London+1968&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Flondon-1968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolishchuk2005" class="citation web cs1">Polishchuk, Tetiana (17 May 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://day.kyiv.ua/en/article/culture/eurovision-be-broadcast-widescreen-new-hosts">"Eurovision to Be Broadcast in Widescreen, With New Hosts"</a>. day.kyiv.ua. <a href="/wiki/The_Day_(Kyiv)" title="The Day (Kyiv)">The Day</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122170009/https://day.kyiv.ua/en/article/culture/eurovision-be-broadcast-widescreen-new-hosts">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=day.kyiv.ua&rft.atitle=Eurovision+to+Be+Broadcast+in+Widescreen%2C+With+New+Hosts&rft.date=2005-05-17&rft.aulast=Polishchuk&rft.aufirst=Tetiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fday.kyiv.ua%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fculture%2Feurovision-be-broadcast-widescreen-new-hosts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-108"><a href="#cite_ref-:9_108-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCafarelli2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Cafarelli, Donato (2022-04-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurofestivalnews.com/2022/04/23/eurovision-song-contest-2022-rai-4k/">"Eurovision Song Contest 2022: la Rai trasmetterà l'evento per la prima volta in 4K"</a> [Eurovision Song Contest 2022: Rai will broadcast the event for the first time in 4K]. Eurofestival News (in Italian). Retrieved 2022-04-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurofestival+News&rft.atitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest+2022%3A+la+Rai+trasmetter%C3%A0+l%27evento+per+la+prima+volta+in+4K&rft.date=2022-04-23&rft.aulast=Cafarelli&rft.aufirst=Donato&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurofestivalnews.com%2F2022%2F04%2F23%2Feurovision-song-contest-2022-rai-4k%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/ebu-starts-eurovision-archive-project">"EBU starts Eurovision archive project"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 8 October 2011. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EBU+starts+Eurovision+archive+project&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2011-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Febu-starts-eurovision-archive-project&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eurovision_Again_BtS-110"><a href="#cite_ref-Eurovision_Again_BtS_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/how-eurovisionagain-was-brought-to-your-screens">"How Eurovision Again came to your screens"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 27 June 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Eurovision+Again+came+to+your+screens&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2020-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fhow-eurovisionagain-was-brought-to-your-screens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor20108–9-111"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connor20108–9_111-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Connor2010">O'Connor 2010</a>, pp. 8–9. </li> <li id="cite_note-Lugano_56-112"><a href="#cite_ref-Lugano_56_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/lugano-1956">"Eurovision Song Contest: Lugano 1956"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Lugano+1956&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Flugano-1956&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012348–358-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoxburgh2012348–358_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRoxburgh2012">Roxburgh 2012</a>, pp. 348–358. </li> <li id="cite_note-Copenhagen_64-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Copenhagen_64_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Copenhagen_64_114-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/copenhagen-1964">"Eurovision Song Contest: Copenhagen 1964"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Copenhagen+1964&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Fcopenhagen-1964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrønbech2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Grønbech, Jens (2 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bt.dk/melodi-grand-prix/bt-afsloerer-her-er-drs-stoerste-grandprix-broeler">"BT afslører: Her er DRs største grandprix-brøler"</a> [BT reveals: DR's biggest Eurovision groan]. bt.dk (in Danish). <a href="/wiki/B.T._(tabloid)" title="B.T. (tabloid)">B.T.</a> Retrieved 6 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bt.dk&rft.atitle=BT+afsl%C3%B8rer%3A+Her+er+DRs+st%C3%B8rste+grandprix-br%C3%B8ler&rft.date=2014-05-02&rft.aulast=Gr%C3%B8nbech&rft.aufirst=Jens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bt.dk%2Fmelodi-grand-prix%2Fbt-afsloerer-her-er-drs-stoerste-grandprix-broeler&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDohrman2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dohrman, Jan (20 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dr.dk/om-dr/nyheder/billeder-i-denne-uge-er-det-55-aar-siden-danmark-holdt-sit-foerste-eurovision-i-tivoli">"Billeder: I denne uge er det 55 år siden, Danmark holdt sit første Eurovision i Tivoli"</a> [Pictures: This week marks 55 years since Denmark held its first Eurovision at Tivoli]. dr.dk (in Danish). <a href="/wiki/DR_(broadcaster)" title="DR (broadcaster)">DR</a>. Retrieved 6 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dr.dk&rft.atitle=Billeder%3A+I+denne+uge+er+det+55+%C3%A5r+siden%2C+Danmark+holdt+sit+f%C3%B8rste+Eurovision+i+Tivoli&rft.date=2019-03-20&rft.aulast=Dohrman&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dr.dk%2Fom-dr%2Fnyheder%2Fbilleder-i-denne-uge-er-det-55-aar-siden-danmark-holdt-sit-foerste-eurovision-i-tivoli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201024–25-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEO'Connor201024–25_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFO'Connor2010">O'Connor 2010</a>, pp. 24–25. </li> <li id="cite_note-Broadcasting_Rights-118"><a href="#cite_ref-Broadcasting_Rights_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/about/broadcasting-rights">"Eurovision Song Contest: Broadcasting Rights"</a>. Eurovision Song Contest. 12 January 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+Broadcasting+Rights&rft.pub=Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.date=2017-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fabout%2Fbroadcasting-rights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_119-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_119-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_119-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160620231134/http://www.eurovision.tv/upload/history/1956/56_rules.pdf">"Règlement du Grand Prix Eurovision 1956 de la Chanson Européenne (version définitive)"</a> [Rules of the Grand Prix of the Eurovision Song Competition 1956 (final version)] (PDF) (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurovision.tv/upload/history/1956/56_rules.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2016-06-20. Retrieved 2024-01-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A8glement+du+Grand+Prix+Eurovision+1956+de+la+Chanson+Europ%C3%A9enne+%28version+d%C3%A9finitive%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurovision.tv%2Fupload%2Fhistory%2F1956%2F56_rules.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1956contest-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1956contest_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1956contest_120-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/lugano-1956">"Lugano 1956"</a>. EBU. Retrieved 1 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lugano+1956&rft.pub=EBU&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Flugano-1956&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1956duration-121">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1956duration_121-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1956duration_121-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/lugano-1956">"Lugano 1956"</a>. EBU. Retrieved 1 December 2021. <q>The songs of the contest were not to exceed three and a half minutes</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lugano+1956&rft.pub=EBU&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Flugano-1956&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090620124912/http://www.eurovision.am/eng/?sub=history">"Eurovision Song Contest - Armenia"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurovision.am/eng/?sub=history">the original</a> on 20 June 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest+-+Armenia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurovision.am%2Feng%2F%3Fsub%3Dhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1965contest-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1965contest_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1965contest_123-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/naples-1965">"Naples 1965"</a>. EBU. Retrieved 1 December 2021. <q>Swedish participant Ingvar Wixell performed his song -originally called Annorstädes Vals - in English instead of Swedish while all the other participants sang in their native languages. This incident led to a rule change meaning that all participants would have to perform their songs in their respective national languages.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Naples+1965&rft.pub=EBU&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Fnaples-1965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/event/dublin-1971">"Dublin 1971"</a>. Eurovision.tv. European Broadcasting Union. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220208114920/https://eurovision.tv/event/dublin-1971">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-02-08. Retrieved 2022-02-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurovision.tv&rft.atitle=Dublin+1971&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fevent%2Fdublin-1971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22participants-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-22participants_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-22participants_125-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy_O'Connor2007" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy O'Connor, John (2007). The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History. UK: Carlton Books. pp. 108–111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84442-994-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84442-994-3"><bdi>978-1-84442-994-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+The+Official+History&rft.place=UK&rft.pages=108-111&rft.pub=Carlton+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-84442-994-3&rft.aulast=Kennedy+O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23participants-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-23participants_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-23participants_126-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040605150137/http://www.eurovision.tv/english/611.htm">"Historical Milestones"</a>. 5 June 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurovision.tv/english/611.htm">the original</a> on 2004-06-05. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+Milestones&rft.date=2004-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurovision.tv%2Fenglish%2F611.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24participants-127">^ <a href="#cite_ref-24participants_127-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-24participants_127-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020802010048/http://www.eurovision.tv/">"Eurovision Song Contest 2003"</a>. 2 August 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurovision.tv/">the original</a> on 2002-08-02. Retrieved 11 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest+2003&rft.date=2002-08-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurovision.tv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian-aus15-128"><a href="#cite_ref-guardian-aus15_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/feb/10/eurovision-song-contest-invites-australia-to-join-worlds-biggest-party">"Eurovision Song Contest invites Australia to join 'world's biggest party'"</a>. The Guardian. 11 February 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Eurovision+Song+Contest+invites+Australia+to+join+%27world%27s+biggest+party%27&rft.date=2015-02-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2015%2Ffeb%2F10%2Feurovision-song-contest-invites-australia-to-join-worlds-biggest-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Australia_participate-129"><a href="#cite_ref-Australia_participate_129-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurovision.tv/page/news?id=australia_to_participate_in_the_2015_eurovision_song_contest">"Australia participate in the 60th Eurovision"</a>. Eurovision.tv. EBU. 11 February 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurovision.tv&rft.atitle=Australia+participate+in+the+60th+Eurovision&rft.date=2015-02-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurovision.tv%2Fpage%2Fnews%3Fid%3Daustralia_to_participate_in_the_2015_eurovision_song_contest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.svt.se/melodifestivalen/svt-bakom-historisk-forandring-infor-eurovision-song-contest-i-stockholm-2016">SVT Article, 20 Feb 2016 (Swedish)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurovision.tv/page/news?id=australia_to_return_to_the_eurovision_song_contest">"Australia To Return To The Eurovision Song Contest"</a>. EBU. Retrieved 17 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australia+To+Return+To+The+Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.pub=EBU&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurovision.tv%2Fpage%2Fnews%3Fid%3Daustralia_to_return_to_the_eurovision_song_contest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/subtle-significant-ebu-changes-weight-individual-jury-rankings#:~:text=This%20is%20also%20called%20the%20'exponential%20weight%20model'.,8%20points%20and%20so%20on.">"Subtle but significant: EBU changes weight of individual jury rankings"</a>. 27 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Subtle+but+significant%3A+EBU+changes+weight+of+individual+jury+rankings&rft.date=2018-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fsubtle-significant-ebu-changes-weight-individual-jury-rankings%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThis%2520is%2520also%2520called%2520the%2520%27exponential%2520weight%2520model%27.%2C8%2520points%2520and%2520so%2520on.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AQinSF-133"><a href="#cite_ref-AQinSF_133-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/big-five-sweden-perform-semi-finals">"Major changes for Malmö: Big Five & Sweden perform LIVE in Semi-Finals and you can vote for longer"</a>. Eurovision.tv. EBU. Retrieved 2024-03-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eurovision.tv&rft.atitle=Major+changes+for+Malm%C3%B6%3A+Big+Five+%26+Sweden+perform+LIVE+in+Semi-Finals+and+you+can+vote+for+longer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fbig-five-sweden-perform-semi-finals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-vocals-147"><a href="#cite_ref-vocals_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eurovision.tv/story/changes-announced-to-ensure-eurovision-comes-back-for-good">"Changes announced to ensure eurovision comes "back for good""</a>. EBU. 18 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Changes+announced+to+ensure+eurovision+comes+%22back+for+good%22&rft.pub=EBU&rft.date=2020-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feurovision.tv%2Fstory%2Fchanges-announced-to-ensure-eurovision-comes-back-for-good&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connor2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Kennedy_O%27Connor" title="John Kennedy O'Connor">O'Connor, John Kennedy</a> (2010). The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History (2nd ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Carlton_Publishing_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlton Publishing Group">Carlton Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84732-521-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84732-521-1"><bdi>978-1-84732-521-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Eurovision+Song+Contest%3A+The+Official+History&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Carlton+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84732-521-1&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+Kennedy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoxburgh2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Roxburgh, Gordon (2012). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. One: The 1950s and 1960s. Prestatyn: Telos Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84583-065-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84583-065-6"><bdi>978-1-84583-065-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Songs+for+Europe%3A+The+United+Kingdom+at+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest&rft.place=Prestatyn&rft.pub=Telos+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-84583-065-6&rft.aulast=Roxburgh&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARules+of+the+Eurovision+Song+Contest" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Eurovision_Song_Contest" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Template:Eurovision Song Contest"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Template talk:Eurovision Song Contest"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Eurovision Song Contest"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Eurovision_Song_Contest" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_entries_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest entries (disambiguation)">Entries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_entries_(1956%E2%80%932003)" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest entries (1956–2003)">1956–2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_entries_(2004%E2%80%93present)" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest entries (2004–present)">2004–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="History of the Eurovision Song Contest">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_host_cities" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest host cities">Host cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_languages_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="List of languages in the Eurovision Song Contest">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_visibility_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="LGBT visibility in the Eurovision Song Contest">LGBT visibility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_participants_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="List of LGBT participants in the Eurovision Song Contest">LGBT participants</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_controversies_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" class="mw-redirect" title="Political controversies in the Eurovision Song Contest">Political controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_presenters" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest presenters">Presenters</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_at_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Voting at the Eurovision Song Contest">Voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Eurovision_Song_Contest_winners" title="List of Eurovision Song Contest winners">Winners</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_winners_discography" title="Eurovision Song Contest winners discography">Discography</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1956" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1956">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1957" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1957">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1958" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1958">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1959" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1959">1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1960" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1960">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1961" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1961">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1962" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1962">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1963" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1963">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1964" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1964">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1965" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1965">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1966" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1966">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1967" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1967">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1968" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1968">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1969" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1969">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1970" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1970">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1971" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1971">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1972" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1972">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1973" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1973">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1974" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1974">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1975" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1975">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1976" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1976">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1977" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1977">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1978" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1978">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1979" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1979">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1980" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1980">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1981" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1981">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1982" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1982">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1983" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1983">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1984" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1984">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1985" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1985">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1986" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1986">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1987" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1987">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1988" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1988">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1989" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1989">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1990" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1990">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1991" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1991">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1992" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1992">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1993" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1993">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1994" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1994">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1995" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1995">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1996" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1996">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1997" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1997">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1998" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1998">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1999" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1999">1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2000" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2000">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2001" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2001">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2002" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2002">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2003" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2003">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2004" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2004">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2005" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2005">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2006" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2006">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2007" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2007">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2008" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2008">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2009" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2009">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2010" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2010">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2011" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2011">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2012" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2012">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2013" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2013">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2014" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2015" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2016" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2016">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2017" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2017">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2018" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2018">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2019" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2019">2019</a></li> <li><s><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2020" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2020">2020</a></s></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2021" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2021">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2023">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2024">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2025" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2025">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Albania in the Eurovision Song Contest">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Armenia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Australia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Azerbaijan in the Eurovision Song Contest">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Czech Republic in the Eurovision Song Contest">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="France in the Eurovision Song Contest">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Georgia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ireland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Latvia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Lithuania in the Eurovision Song Contest">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Moldova in the Eurovision Song Contest">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Montenegro in the Eurovision Song Contest">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="San Marino in the Eurovision Song Contest">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Serbia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inactive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andorra_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Andorra in the Eurovision Song Contest">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Eurovision Song Contest">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Bulgaria in the Eurovision Song Contest">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Monaco in the Eurovision Song Contest">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Morocco in the Eurovision Song Contest">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="North Macedonia in the Eurovision Song Contest">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Romania in the Eurovision Song Contest">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Slovakia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ineligible</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Belarus in the Eurovision Song Contest">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Russia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Serbia and Montenegro in the Eurovision Song Contest">Serbia and Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debut attempts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Lebanon in the Eurovision Song Contest">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtenstein in the Eurovision Song Contest">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunisia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93Azerbaijan_relations_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Armenia–Azerbaijan relations in the Eurovision Song Contest">Armenia–Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Russia–Ukraine relations in the Eurovision Song Contest">Russia–Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National selections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festivali_i_K%C3%ABng%C3%ABs" title="Festivali i Këngës">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dansk_Melodi_Grand_Prix" title="Dansk Melodi Grand Prix">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Laul" title="Eesti Laul">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uuden_Musiikin_Kilpailu" title="Uuden Musiikin Kilpailu">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Voice_Georgia" title="The Voice Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B6ngvakeppnin" title="Söngvakeppnin">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Late_Late_Show_(Irish_talk_show)" title="The Late Late Show (Irish talk show)">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_(Israeli_TV_series)" title="Rising Star (Israeli TV series)">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanremo_Music_Festival" title="Sanremo Music Festival">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernova_(Latvian_TV_series)" title="Supernova (Latvian TV series)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodi_Grand_Prix" title="Melodi Grand Prix">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festival_da_Can%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Festival da Canção">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesma_za_Evroviziju" title="Pesma za Evroviziju">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benidorm_Fest" title="Benidorm Fest">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melodifestivalen" title="Melodifestivalen">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidbir" title="Vidbir">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Depi_Evratesil" title="Depi Evratesil">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_%E2%80%93_Australia_Decides" title="Eurovision – Australia Decides">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geostar" title="Geostar">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellinik%C3%B3s_Telik%C3%B3s" title="Ellinikós Telikós">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Dal" title="A Dal">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/You%27re_a_Star" title="You're a Star">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canzonissima" title="Canzonissima">Italy</a></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Song_Festival" title="Israel Song Festival">Israel Song Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kdam_Eurovision" title="Kdam Eurovision">Kdam Eurovision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_X_Factor_Israel" title="The X Factor Israel">The X Factor Israel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X_Factor_Malta" title="X Factor Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationaal_Songfestival" title="Nationaal Songfestival">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skopje_Fest" title="Skopje Fest">North Macedonia</a></li> <li>Poland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krajowe_Eliminacje" title="Krajowe Eliminacje">Krajowe Eliminacje</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szansa_na_Sukces" title="Szansa na Sukces">Szansa na Sukces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evrovidenie" title="Evrovidenie">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evropesma" title="Evropesma">Serbia and Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beovizija" title="Beovizija">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratislavsk%C3%A1_l%C3%BDra" title="Bratislavská lýra">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Triunfo_(Spanish_TV_series)" title="Operación Triunfo (Spanish TV series)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_national_selection_for_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="UK national selection for the Eurovision Song Contest">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jugovizija" title="Jugovizija">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Bezen%C3%A7on_Awards" title="Marcel Bezençon Awards">Marcel Bezençon Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGAE" title="OGAE">OGAE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OGAE_Second_Chance_Contest" title="OGAE Second Chance Contest">OGAE Second Chance Contest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Dex_Award" title="Barbara Dex Award">Barbara Dex Award</a> (1997–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You%27re_a_Vision_Award" title="You're a Vision Award">You're a Vision Award</a> (2022–)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special shows</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">EBU</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_Previews" title="Eurovision Song Contest Previews">Eurovision Song Contest Previews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songs_of_Europe_(1981_concert)" title="Songs of Europe (1981 concert)">Songs of Europe</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvalifikacija_za_Millstreet" title="Kvalifikacija za Millstreet">Kvalifikacija za Millstreet</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congratulations:_50_Years_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest">Congratulations: 50 Years of the Eurovision Song Contest</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest%27s_Greatest_Hits" title="Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits">Eurovision Song Contest's Greatest Hits</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EurovisionAgain" title="EurovisionAgain">EurovisionAgain</a> (2020–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision:_Europe_Shine_a_Light" title="Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light">Eurovision: Europe Shine a Light</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Die_Grand_Prix_Hitliste" title="Die Grand Prix Hitliste">Die Grand Prix Hitliste</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Het_Grote_Songfestivalfeest" title="Het Grote Songfestivalfeest">Het Grote Songfestivalfeest</a> (2019, 2022–)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Der_kleine_Song_Contest" title="Der kleine Song Contest">Der kleine Song Contest</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2020_%E2%80%93_das_deutsche_Finale" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2020 – das deutsche Finale">ESC 2020 – das deutsche Finale</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurovision:_Come_Together" title="Eurovision: Come Together">Eurovision: Come Together</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_12:a" title="Sveriges 12:a">Sveriges 12:a</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Category:Eurovision Song Contest">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&oldid=1252815199">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&oldid=1252815199</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Category:Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_generic_name" title="Category:CS1 errors: generic name">CS1 errors: generic name</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Danish-language_sources_(da)" title="Category:CS1 Danish-language sources (da)">CS1 Danish-language sources (da)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2024">Articles containing potentially dated statements from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hebrew-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hebrew-language text">Articles containing Hebrew-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Polish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Polish-language text">Articles containing Polish-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 October 2024, at 01:49 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6d94db5ff4-8845m","wgBackendResponseTime":2058,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.685","walltime":"1.882","ppvisitednodes":{"value":16819,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":291475,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8465,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":501551,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1657.961 1 -total"," 43.30% 717.878 2 Template:Reflist"," 34.95% 579.473 112 Template:Cite_web"," 11.75% 194.826 4 Template:Navbox"," 9.89% 164.051 1 Template:Eurovision_years"," 9.08% 150.564 22 Template:Sfn"," 7.94% 131.682 1 Template:Langx"," 7.73% 128.190 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.42% 89.836 69 Template:Vert_header"," 3.76% 62.320 30 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.002","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15803348,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAdessi2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAntipovPokryshevskaya2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCafarelli2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDohrman2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEscartín2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEscudero2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGranger2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGroot2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGroot2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFGrønbech2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJordan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatsoulakis2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelly2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKennedy_O\u0026#039;Connor2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaFleur2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNiemeier2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Connor2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOliveira_e_SilvaHarris2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPolishchuk2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRepo2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoxburgh2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoxburgh2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoyston2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatersonAllegrettieditor2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZwartJordan2018\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Abbr\"] = 5,\n [\"As of\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 112,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Rules Of The Eurovision Song Contest\"] = 1,\n [\"Duration\"] = 3,\n [\"Efn\"] = 16,\n [\"Esccnty\"] = 18,\n [\"Escyr\"] = 94,\n [\"Eurovision years\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 2,\n [\"Ill\"] = 2,\n [\"Langx\"] = 1,\n [\"N/A\"] = 1,\n [\"N/a\"] = 6,\n [\"Noteslist\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 22,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Vert header\"] = 69,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","280","24.1"],["?","160","13.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","100","8.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","6.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","80","6.9"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","60","5.2"],["gsub","40","3.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::formatDate","40","3.4"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","40","3.4"],["makeCheckSelfFunction \u003ClibraryUtil.lua:59\u003E","40","3.4"],["[others]","240","20.7"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6d94db5ff4-8845m","timestamp":"20241128205445","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Rules of the Eurovision Song Contest","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rules_of_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3038735","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q3038735","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-05-08T13:26:59Z","dateModified":"2024-10-23T01:49:59Z","headline":"Rules and obligations used in the Eurovision Song Contest"}</script> </body> </html>