CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Safi al-Din al-Urmawi - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"b53f3206-43b9-447e-99b8-4de4c4c9029f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi","wgTitle":"Safi al-Din al-Urmawi","wgCurRevisionId":1255954058,"wgRevisionId":1255954058,"wgArticleId":16151168,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles with hCards","Articles containing Persian-language text","Oud players","1216 births","1294 deaths","Music theorists of the medieval Islamic world","People from Urmia","13th-century Iranian people","Iranian musicians","Iranian music theorists"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi", "wgRelevantArticleId":16151168,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q980179","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"], "GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%B5%D9%81%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1623"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%B5%D9%81%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1082"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%B5%D9%81%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg/640px-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%B5%D9%81%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="866"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Safi al-Din al-Urmawi - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi rootpage-Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Safi+al-Din+al-Urmawi" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Safi+al-Din+al-Urmawi" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Safi+al-Din+al-Urmawi" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Safi+al-Din+al-Urmawi" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background_and_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background_and_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background and life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background_and_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_and_music_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_music_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Music and music theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_music_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_modes_of_Urmawi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_modes_of_Urmawi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Musical modes of Urmawi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Musical_modes_of_Urmawi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Musical modes of Urmawi subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Musical_modes_of_Urmawi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parde" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parde"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Parde</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parde-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Āwāz_mode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Āwāz_mode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Āwāz mode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Āwāz_mode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Safi al-Din al-Urmawi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 14 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D9%8A" title="صفي الدين الأرموي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صفي الدين الأرموي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%99fi%C9%99ddin_Urm%C9%99vi" title="Səfiəddin Urməvi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Səfiəddin Urməvi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C" title="صفی‌الدین اورموی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="صفی‌الدین اورموی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safi_ad-Din_al-Urmawi" title="Safi ad-Din al-Urmawi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Safi ad-Din al-Urmawi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C" title="صفی‌الدین ارموی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صفی‌الدین ارموی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B9%A2af%C4%AB_al-D%C4%ABn_al-Urmaw%C4%AB" title="Ṣafī al-Dīn al-Urmawī – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ṣafī al-Dīn al-Urmawī" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi" title="Safi al-Din al-Urmawi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Safi al-Din al-Urmawi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sefiyed%C3%AEn%C3%AA_%C3%9Brmew%C3%AE" title="Sefiyedînê Ûrmewî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sefiyedînê Ûrmewî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi" title="Safi al-Din al-Urmawi – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Safi al-Din al-Urmawi" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi" title="Safi al-Din al-Urmawi – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Safi al-Din al-Urmawi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safiyuddin_Urmaviy" title="Safiyuddin Urmaviy – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Safiyuddin Urmaviy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Сафиаддин Урмави – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сафиаддин Урмави" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B2%D3%A3" title="Сафиюддини Урмавӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сафиюддини Урмавӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safiyy%C3%BCddin_Urmev%C3%AE" title="Safiyyüddin Urmevî – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Safiyyüddin Urmevî" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q980179#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&oldid=1255954058" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&id=1255954058&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSafi_al-Din_al-Urmawi"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSafi_al-Din_al-Urmawi"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q980179" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musician</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Siraj_al-Din_Urmavi" title="Siraj al-Din Urmavi">Siraj al-Din Urmavi</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Safi al-Din al-Urmawi</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%B5%D9%81%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%B5%D9%81%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg/220px-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%B5%D9%81%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%B5%D9%81%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg/330px-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%B5%D9%81%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%B5%D9%81%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg/440px-%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%B5%D9%81%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="757" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Safi al-Din al-Urmawi, drawn by <a href="/wiki/Hossein_Behzad" title="Hossein Behzad">Hossein Behzad</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1216<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">28 January 1294<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Persian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Musician, Writer on the theory of music</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Kitab al-Adwār, Risālah al-Sharafiyyah fi 'l-nisab al-taʾlifiyyah</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Al-Urmawi.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Al-Urmawi.JPG/240px-Al-Urmawi.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Al-Urmawi.JPG/360px-Al-Urmawi.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Al-Urmawi.JPG/480px-Al-Urmawi.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3776" data-file-height="2624" /></a><figcaption>A manuscript copy of Risalah al-Sharafiyah fi al-Nisab al-Ta'lifiyyah, one of al-Urmawi's 2 famous works, 16th century, Adilnor Collection</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Safi al-Din al-Urmawi al-Baghdadi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">صفی الدین اورموی</span>) or <b>Safi al-Din Abd al-Mu'min ibn Yusuf ibn al-Fakhir al-Urmawi al-Baghdadi</b> (born c. 1216 AD in <a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a>, died in 1294 AD in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>) was a renowned musician and writer on the <a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">theory of music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background_and_life">Background and life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background and life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Safi al-Din Abd al-Muʾmin ibn Yusof ibn Fakhir al-Ormawi al-Baghdadi (Sufi al-Dīn in some <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> sources), renowned musician and writer on the <a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">theory of music</a>, was born c. 613 <a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">AH</a> (1216 AD), probably in Urmiya (Iran). He died in <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> on 28 Ṣafar 693 AH (28 January 1294 AD), at the age of about 80. According to the <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia of Islam">Encyclopedia of Islam</a><sup id="cite_ref-Encislam_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encislam-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The sources are silent about the ethnic origin of his family. He may have been of <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persian</a> descent <a href="/wiki/Qutb_al-Din_al-Shirazi" title="Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi">Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi</a> calls him afdal-i Īrān (A sage of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>)". Based on its <a href="/wiki/Terminology" title="Terminology">terminology</a>, Al-Urmawi's 'international' <a href="/wiki/Mode_(music)" title="Mode (music)">modal system</a> was intended to represent the predominant Arab and Persian local traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his youth, he went to Baghdad and was educated in the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic language</a>, literature, <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penmanship" title="Penmanship">penmanship</a>. He made a name for himself as an excellent <a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligrapher</a> and was appointed <a href="/wiki/Copyist" title="Copyist">copyist</a> at the new library built by the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Musta%27sim" title="Al-Musta'sim">al-Mustaṣim</a>. </p><p>He had also studied <a href="/wiki/Shafii" class="mw-redirect" title="Shafii">Shafii</a> law <sup id="cite_ref-Encislam_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encislam-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Comparative_law" title="Comparative law">comparative law</a> (Khilaf <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Fiqh</a>) at the Mustansiriyya Madrasa which opened in 631 AH (1234 AD). This qualified him to assume a post in al-Mustaʿsim's juridical administration and, after 656 AH (1258), to head the supervision of the foundations (naẓariyyat al-waqf) in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> until 665 AH (1267), when <a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_Tusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasir al-Din Tusi">Nasir al-Din Tusi</a> took over. </p><p>al-Urmawi became known as a musician and excellent <a href="/wiki/Lute" title="Lute">lute</a> (‘<a href="/wiki/Oud" title="Oud">Ud</a>) player and accepted as a member of the private circle of boon companions, thanks to one of his music students, the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate" title="Caliphate">caliph</a>'s favoured <a href="/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">songstress</a> Luḥaẓ. His musical talent made him survive the fall of <a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a>, by generously accommodating one of Hulagu’s officer. <a href="/wiki/Hulagu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulagu">Hulagu</a> the Mongol ruler was impressed by al-Urmawi and doubled his income relative to the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> era. </p><p>His musical career, however, seems to have been supported mainly by the <a href="/wiki/Juvayni_family" title="Juvayni family">Juvayni family</a>, especially by <a href="/wiki/Shams_al-Din_Juvayni" title="Shams al-Din Juvayni">Shams al-Din Juvayni</a> and his son <a href="/wiki/Sharaf_al-Din_Harun_Juvayni" title="Sharaf al-Din Harun Juvayni">Sharaf al-Din Harun Juvayni</a> who was put to death in 685 AH (1285). After the demise of his patrons, he fell into oblivion and poverty. He was placed under arrest on account of a debt of 300 <a href="/wiki/Dinar" title="Dinar">dinars</a>. He died in the Shafi'i Madrasat al-Khalil in Baghdad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music_and_music_theory">Music and music theory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Music and music theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composer</a>, al-Urmawi cultivated the vocal forms of <i><a href="/wiki/Sawt_(music)" title="Sawt (music)">ṣawt</a></i>, <i>qawl</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Andalusi_nubah" title="Andalusi nubah">nawba</a></i>. In the anonymous Persian <i>Kanz al-tuḥaf</i> of the 8th century AH (14th century AD), he is also credited with the invention of two stringed musical instruments, the <i>nuzha</i> and the mughnī.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Urmawi's most important work are two books in <a href="/wiki/Arabic_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic Language">Arabic Language</a> on music theory, the Kitab al-Adwār<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Risālah al-Sharafiyyah fi 'l-nisab al-taʾlifiyyah. The first book was written while he still worked in the library of <a href="/wiki/Al-Mustasim" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mustasim">al-Mustasim</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> caliph was well known for his addiction to music. The second book was dedicated to Sharaf al-Din Harun Juvayni who ordered him to compile it. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Safi_al-Din_lute.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Safi_al-Din_lute.png/220px-Safi_al-Din_lute.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Safi_al-Din_lute.png/330px-Safi_al-Din_lute.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Safi_al-Din_lute.png/440px-Safi_al-Din_lute.png 2x" data-file-width="866" data-file-height="1318" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of a lute by Safi al-Din from a 1333 copy of his book, <i>Kitab al-Adwār</i>. The oldest copy dates to 1296.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Kitab al-Adwār is the first extant work on scientific music theory after the writings on music of <a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Encislam_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encislam-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It contains valuable information on the practice and theory of music in the Perso-ʿIraqi<sup id="cite_ref-Encislam_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encislam-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> area, such as the factual establishment of the five-stringed lute (still an exception in <a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a>’s time), the final stage in the division of the <a href="/wiki/Octave" title="Octave">octave</a> into 17 steps, the complete nomenclature and definition of the <a href="/wiki/Scale_(music)" title="Scale (music)">scales</a> constituting the system of the twelve <a href="/wiki/Arabic_maqam" title="Arabic maqam">Makams</a> (called shudūd) and the six Awāz modes.<sup id="cite_ref-Encislam_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encislam-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also contains precise depictions of contemporary musical <a href="/wiki/Metre_(music)" title="Metre (music)">metres</a>, and the use of letters and numbers for the notation of melodies. It is the first time that this occurs in history, making it a unique work of greatest value.<sup id="cite_ref-Encislam_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encislam-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Urmawi's 'international' modal system was intended to represent the predominant Arab and Persian local musical traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By its conciseness it became the most popular and influential book on music for centuries. No other Arabic (Persian or Ottoman Turkish) music treatise was so often copied, commented upon and translated into Oriental (and Western) languages.<sup id="cite_ref-Encislam_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encislam-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kitab al-Adwār was conceived as a compendium (mukhtasar) of the standard musical knowledge of its time. </p><p>The Kitab al-Adwār was translated several times into <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a> and there also exists an <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Turkish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Turkish language">Ottoman Turkish</a> translation.<sup id="cite_ref-Encislam_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encislam-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Urmawi’s second book, Risāla al-Sharafiyya, was written around 665 AH (1267 AD).<sup id="cite_ref-Encislam_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encislam-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is dedicated to his student and later patron, Sharaf al-Din Harun Juvayni (Juvayn is a town in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Khorasan" title="Greater Khorasan">Khorasan</a>). He was part of the scientific, literary and artistic circle of the Juvayni family. Through these gatherings, al-Urmawi was in contact with the Persian scholar <a href="/wiki/Nasir_al-Din_Tusi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasir al-Din Tusi">Nasir al-Din Tusi</a>. Nasir al-Din Tusi, who left a short treatise on the proportions of musical intervals perceivable in the pulse may have stimulated al-Urmawī's interest in Greek science and music theory.<sup id="cite_ref-Encislam_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encislam-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These two major books have become the foundation of academic discourse on Arabic music, most notably modern works by Briton Owen Wright.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Commentaries on these theoretical works were written as early as the 1370s.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Musical_modes_of_Urmawi">Musical modes of Urmawi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Musical modes of Urmawi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The list of the modes and āwaz (singing) modes are taken from (E. Neubaer, "Music in the Islamic Environment" in Clifford Edmund Bosworth, M.S.Asimov, "History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 4, Part 2", ilal Banarsidass Publ., 2003 - 745 pages. pg 597.).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of the modes have Iranian/Persian names and the rest have Arabic names (some with Persian suffix 'i'). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parde">Parde</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Parde"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>'Ushshāq (Arabic name)</li> <li>nawā (Iranian name)</li> <li>busalik (also called AbuSalik)</li> <li>rāst (Iranian name)</li> <li>'irāq (Arabic name)</li> <li>isfahān (Iranian name)</li> <li>zirāfkand (Iranian name)</li> <li>buzurk (buzurg) (Iranian name)</li> <li>zankulā (zangulā) (Iranian name)</li> <li>rāhawi (rāhavi) (Iranian name)</li> <li>husayni (Arabic name with Iranian suffix i)</li> <li>hejazi (Arabic name with Iranian suffix i)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Āwāz_mode"><span id=".C4.80w.C4.81z_mode"></span>Āwāz mode</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Āwāz mode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>kardāniye (gardāniye) (Iranian name)</li> <li>kawāsht (gawāsht) (Iranian name)</li> <li>nawruz (Iranian name)</li> <li>māya (Iranian name)</li> <li>shahnāz (Iranian name)</li> <li>salmak (Iranian name)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persian_traditional_music" title="Persian traditional music">Persian traditional music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_music" title="Arabic music">Arabic music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dastgah" class="mw-redirect" title="Dastgah">Dastgah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic Literature">Arabic Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugni" title="Mugni">Mugni</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBosworth1995" class="citation book cs1">Bosworth, C.E., ed. (1995). <i>Ṣanʻaʼ - Ṣawtiyya</i> (New ed.). Leiden [u.a.]: Brill [u.a.] p. 805. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004098343" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004098343"><bdi>978-9004098343</bdi></a>. <q>He may have been of Persian descent (Kutb al-Din Shirazi [q.v.] calls him afdal-i Iran)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E1%B9%A2an%CA%BBa%CA%BC+-+%E1%B9%A2awtiyya&rft.place=Leiden+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pages=805&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=Brill+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-9004098343&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafi+al-Din+al-Urmawi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Gelder2012" class="citation journal cs1">van Gelder, Geert Jan (1 January 2012). "SING ME TO SLEEP: ṢAFĪ AL-DĪN AL-URMAWĪ, HÜLEGÜ, AND THE POWER OF MUSIC". <i>Quaderni di Studi Arabi</i>. <b>7</b>: 1–9. <q>His ethnic origin is uncertain; he may have been of Persian descent.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quaderni+di+Studi+Arabi&rft.atitle=SING+ME+TO+SLEEP%3A+%E1%B9%A2AF%C4%AA+AL-D%C4%AAN+AL-URMAW%C4%AA%2C+H%C3%9CLEG%C3%9C%2C+AND+THE+POWER+OF+MUSIC&rft.volume=7&rft.pages=1-9&rft.date=2012-01-01&rft.aulast=van+Gelder&rft.aufirst=Geert+Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafi+al-Din+al-Urmawi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encislam-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encislam_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encislam_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encislam_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encislam_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encislam_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encislam_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encislam_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encislam_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encislam_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encislam_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE." class="citation news cs1">E., Neubauer. "ṢAFĪ al-DĪN al-URMAWĪ". Brill. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_sim_6447">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_sim_6447</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%E1%B9%A2AF%C4%AA+al-D%C4%AAN+al-URMAW%C4%AA&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_sim_6447&rft.aulast=E.&rft.aufirst=Neubauer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafi+al-Din+al-Urmawi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Neubaer, "Music in the Islamic World", in Clifford Edmund Bosworth, M.S.Asimov, "History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 4, Part 2", pg 596. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ELrRr0L8UOsC&dq=urmawi+persian+music&pg=PA596">[1]</a>. excerpt: "To judge from its terminology, al-Urmawi's international modal system was intended to represent the predominant Arab and Persian local traditions.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See H. G. Farmer, <i>Studies in oriental <a href="/wiki/Musical_instrument" title="Musical instrument">musical instruments</a></i>, First Series, London 1931.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://colenda.library.upenn.edu/catalog/81431-p3kg6c">"Kitāb al-Adwār fī al-mūsīqá.; Adwār fī al-mūsīqá - Colenda Digital Repository"</a>. <i>colenda.library.upenn.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=colenda.library.upenn.edu&rft.atitle=Kit%C4%81b+al-Adw%C4%81r+f%C4%AB+al-m%C5%ABs%C4%ABq%C3%A1.%3B+Adw%C4%81r+f%C4%AB+al-m%C5%ABs%C4%ABq%C3%A1+-+Colenda+Digital+Repository&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcolenda.library.upenn.edu%2Fcatalog%2F81431-p3kg6c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafi+al-Din+al-Urmawi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"History of Civilizations of Central Asia", Contributor Clifford Edmund Bosworth, M.S. Asimov,.Motilal Banarsidass Publ, 2002. pg 596</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1995" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, O. (1 January 1995). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Abd al-Qādir al-Marāghī and 'Alī b. Muḥammad Binā'ī: Two Fifteenth-Century Examples of Notation Part 2: Commentary". <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London</i>. <b>58</b> (1): 17–39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0041977x00011836">10.1017/s0041977x00011836</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/619996">619996</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies%2C+University+of+London&rft.atitle=%27Abd+al-Q%C4%81dir+al-Mar%C4%81gh%C4%AB+and+%27Al%C4%AB+b.+Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+Bin%C4%81%27%C4%AB%3A+Two+Fifteenth-Century+Examples+of+Notation+Part+2%3A+Commentary&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=17-39&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0041977x00011836&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F619996%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafi+al-Din+al-Urmawi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1995" class="citation journal cs1">Wright, O. (1 January 1995). "A Preliminary Version of the "kitāb al-Adwār"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London</i>. <b>58</b> (3): 455–478. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0041977x00012908">10.1017/s0041977x00012908</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/620103">620103</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+School+of+Oriental+and+African+Studies%2C+University+of+London&rft.atitle=A+Preliminary+Version+of+the+%22kit%C4%81b+al-Adw%C4%81r%22&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=455-478&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0041977x00012908&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F620103%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafi+al-Din+al-Urmawi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Commentaire anonyme du Kitāb al-adwār : édition critique, traduction et présentation des lectures arabes de l’oeuvre de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anas.ghrab.tn/static/web/fichiers/2009_these.pdf">Ṣafī al-Dīn al-Urmawī</a>" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anas.ghrab.tn/en/">Anas GHRAB</a>, 2009, thèse de doctorat, Université Paris-Sorbonne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://anas.ghrab.tn/static/web/fichiers/2009_these.pdf">http://anas.ghrab.tn/static/web/fichiers/2009_these.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeldman1990" class="citation journal cs1">Feldman, Walter (1 January 1990). "Cultural Authority and Authenticity in the Turkish Repertoire". <i>Asian Music</i>. <b>22</b> (1): 73–111. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F834291">10.2307/834291</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/834291">834291</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Music&rft.atitle=Cultural+Authority+and+Authenticity+in+the+Turkish+Repertoire&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=73-111&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F834291&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F834291%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Feldman&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASafi+al-Din+al-Urmawi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E. Neubaer, "Music in the Islamic Environment" in Clifford Edmund Bosworth, M.S.Asimov, "History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 4, Part 2", ilal Banarsidass Publ., 2003 - 745 pages. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ELrRr0L8UOsC&dq=urmawi+main+modes&pg=PA596">page 597)</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicologie.org/Biographies/u/urmawi.html">musicologie.org</a> – Full score (French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/israphil/sets/72157625594390093/">al-Urmawi's manuscript, Adilnor Collection</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medieval_Perso-Arab_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Medieval_Perso-Arab_music" title="Template:Medieval Perso-Arab music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Medieval_Perso-Arab_music" title="Template talk:Medieval Perso-Arab music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval_Perso-Arab_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval Perso-Arab music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medieval_Perso-Arab_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Medieval Perso-Arab music</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab music">Arab music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_traditional_music" title="Persian traditional music">Persian traditional music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Origins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Achaemenid" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_music" title="Achaemenid music">Achaemenid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karnay" title="Karnay">Karnay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parthian_music" title="Parthian music">Parthian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gusans" title="Gusans">gōsān</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhoptron" title="Rhoptron">Rhoptron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_music" title="Sasanian music">Sasanian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamshad" title="Bamshad">Bamshad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbad" title="Barbad">Barbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagisa_(harpist)" title="Nagisa (harpist)">Nagisa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umayyad</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E1%B9%ACuways" title="Ṭuways">Ṭuways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashit" title="Nashit">Nashit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27ib_Khathir" title="Sa'ib Khathir">Sa'ib Khathir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Misja%E1%B8%A5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Misjaḥ (page does not exist)">Ibn Misjaḥ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Gharid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Gharid (page does not exist)">al-Gharid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunain_al-Hiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunain al-Hiri (page does not exist)">Hunain al-Hiri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Algharid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Algharid (page does not exist)">Algharid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Surayj&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Surayj (page does not exist)">Ibn Surayj</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%27bad_(musician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ma'bad (musician) (page does not exist)">Ma'bad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yunus_al-Katib_al-Mughanni" title="Yunus al-Katib al-Mughanni">Yunus al-Katib al-Mughanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Muhriz" title="Ibn Muhriz">Ibn Muhriz</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malik_al-Ta%27i&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malik al-Ta'i (page does not exist)">Malik al-Ta'i</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Qiyan" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Qiyan" title="Qiyan">Qiyan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atika_bint_Shuhda" title="Atika bint Shuhda">Atika bint Shuhda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azza_al-Mayla" title="Azza al-Mayla">Azza al-Mayla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djamila_(singer)" title="Djamila (singer)">Djamila/Jamila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hababah_(slave)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hababah (slave)">Hababah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubayda" title="Ubayda">Ubayda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Abbasid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siyat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siyat (page does not exist)">Siyat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Jami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Jami (page does not exist)">Ibn Jami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Mawsili" title="Ibrahim al-Mawsili">Ibrahim al-Mawsili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulayya_bint_al-Mahdi" title="Ulayya bint al-Mahdi">Ulayya bint al-Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ya%E1%B8%A5ya_al-Makki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaḥya al-Makki (page does not exist)">Yaḥya al-Makki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_ibn_al-Mahdi" title="Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi">Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansour_Zalzal" title="Mansour Zalzal">Mansour Zalzal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukhariq" title="Mukhariq">Mukhariq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishaq_al-Mawsili" title="Ishaq al-Mawsili">Ishaq al-Mawsili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allawayh_al-Asar" title="Allawayh al-Asar">Allawayh al-Asar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amr_ibn_Banah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amr ibn Banah (page does not exist)">Amr ibn Banah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jahzah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jahzah (page does not exist)">Jahzah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_al-Tahhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn al-Tahhan (page does not exist)">Ibn al-Tahhan</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Qiyan" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Qiyan" title="Qiyan">Qiyan</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irfan_(singer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Irfan (singer) (page does not exist)">Irfan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mahbubah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mahbubah (page does not exist)">Mahbubah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milh_Al-Attara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milh Al-Attara (page does not exist)">Milh Al-Attara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inan_bint_Abdallah" title="Inan bint Abdallah">Inan bint Abdallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C4%81riyah" title="Shāriyah">Shāriyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fa%E1%B8%8Dl_al-Sh%C4%81%CA%BBirah" class="mw-redirect" title="Faḍl al-Shāʻirah">Faḍl al-Shāʻirah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arib_al-Ma%27muniyya" title="Arib al-Ma'muniyya">Arib al-Ma'muniyya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarirah_al-Ra%E2%80%99iqiyya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarirah al-Ra’iqiyya (page does not exist)">Sarirah al-Ra’iqiyya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Andalusian-Arab</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ziryab" title="Ziryab">Ziryab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avempace" title="Avempace">Avempace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Majd_ibn_Abi_al-Hakam" title="Abu al-Majd ibn Abi al-Hakam">Abu al-Majd ibn Abi al-Hakam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theorists‎</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi">Al-Kindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_al-Tayyib_al-Sarakhsi" title="Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi">Al-Sarakhsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Al-Farabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziryab" title="Ziryab">Ziryab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Faraj_al-Isfahani" title="Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani">Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avempace" title="Avempace">Avempace</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Safi al-Din al-Urmawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qutb_al-Din_al-Shirazi" title="Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi">Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Kurr" title="Ibn Kurr">Ibn Kurr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Ahmad_Monajjem" title="Abu Ahmad Monajjem">Abu Ahmad Monajjem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Aghani" title="Kitab al-Aghani">Kitab al-Aghani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kitab_al-Musiqa_al-Kabir" title="Kitab al-Musiqa al-Kabir">Kitab al-Musiqa al-Kabir</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Golden_Age" title="Islamic Golden Age">Islamic Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hind_bint_Utba" title="Hind bint Utba">Hind bint Utba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980179#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980179#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980179#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081217164">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/42492777">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1855164/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJmdyb7wwfC43HpBbxH6Kd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/112566731">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81100831">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb144833269">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb144833269">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074303074">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/sq461kzb30pzdd4">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007303351505171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/15432781">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA19522125?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/067409377">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6w13920">SNAC</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/safiyyuddin-el-urmevi">İslâm Ansiklopedisi</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&oldid=1255954058">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&oldid=1255954058</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oud_players" title="Category:Oud players">Oud players</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1216_births" title="Category:1216 births">1216 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1294_deaths" title="Category:1294 deaths">1294 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_theorists_of_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Category:Music theorists of the medieval Islamic world">Music theorists of the medieval Islamic world</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:People_from_Urmia" title="Category:People from Urmia">People from Urmia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:13th-century_Iranian_people" title="Category:13th-century Iranian people">13th-century Iranian people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Iranian_musicians" title="Category:Iranian musicians">Iranian musicians</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Iranian_music_theorists" title="Category:Iranian music theorists">Iranian music theorists</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Persian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Persian-language text">Articles containing Persian-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 November 2024, at 12:57<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-74pff","wgBackendResponseTime":194,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.499","walltime":"1.174","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2239,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":46943,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":1111,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":10,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":45007,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 552.911 1 -total"," 24.11% 133.319 1 Template:Reflist"," 19.45% 107.560 1 Template:Langx"," 17.89% 98.904 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 16.66% 92.110 7 Template:Navbox"," 16.26% 89.925 1 Template:Medieval_Perso-Arab_music"," 15.76% 87.135 1 Template:Cite_book"," 11.10% 61.394 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.58% 36.382 2 Template:Pagetype"," 5.31% 29.364 16 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.329","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":17221292,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-5c59558b9d-6clq7","timestamp":"20241130125647","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Safi al-Din al-Urmawi","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Safi_al-Din_al-Urmawi","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q980179","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q980179","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2008-03-07T04:14:21Z","dateModified":"2024-11-07T12:57:01Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d9\/%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%B5%D9%81%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF.jpg","headline":"musician"}</script> </body> </html>