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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Interwar period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interwar_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invasion_of_Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invasion_of_Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Invasion of Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invasion_of_Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occupation_of_France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occupation_of_France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Occupation of France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Occupation_of_France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Campaign_in_the_West_1944–45" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Campaign_in_the_West_1944–45"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Campaign in the West 1944–45</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Campaign_in_the_West_1944–45-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indictment_and_trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indictment_and_trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Indictment and trial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indictment_and_trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decorations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decorations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Decorations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decorations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Johannes Blaskowitz</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="يوهانس بلاسكوفيتز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="يوهانس بلاسكوفيتز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86" title="Яганес Бласкавіц – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Яганес Бласкавіц" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Йоханес Бласковиц – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йоханес Бласковиц" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_von_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes von Blaskowitz – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Johannes von Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%B2%CE%B9%CF%84%CF%82" title="Γιοχάνες Μπλάσκοβιτς – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γιοχάνες Μπλάσκοβιτς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="یوهانس بلاسکوویتس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="یوهانس بلاسکوویتس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%85%D5%B8%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BD_%D4%B2%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%AB%D6%81" title="Յոհաննես Բլասկովից – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Յոհաննես Բլասկովից" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%95%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A5" title="יוהנס בלסקוביץ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יוהנס בלסקוביץ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98" title="იოჰანეს ბლასკოვიცი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იოჰანეს ბლასკოვიცი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iohannes_Albrecht_Blaskowitz" title="Iohannes Albrecht Blaskowitz – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iohannes Albrecht Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B2" title="جوهانس بلاسكوفيتز – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جوهانس بلاسكوفيتز" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A8%E3%83%8F%E3%83%8D%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%84" title="ヨハネス・ブラスコヴィッツ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヨハネス・ブラスコヴィッツ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86,_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Бласковиц, Йоханнес – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бласковиц, Йоханнес" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86" title="Јоханес Бласковиц – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јоханес Бласковиц" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA_%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="โยฮันเนิส บลัสโควิทซ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โยฮันเนิส บลัสโควิทซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81_%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%86" title="Йоганес Бласковіц – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Йоганес Бласковіц" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Blaskowitz" title="Johannes Blaskowitz – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Johannes Blaskowitz" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E5%85%A7%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E7%B6%AD%E8%8C%A8" title="約翰內斯·布拉斯科維茨 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="約翰內斯·布拉斯科維茨" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q57234#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">German general (1883-1948)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Blaskowitz" redirects here. Not to be confused with <i>Wolfenstein</i> character, <a href="/wiki/B.J._Blazkowicz" title="B.J. Blazkowicz">B.J. Blazkowicz</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Johannes Blaskowitz</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Johannes_Blaskowitz_(-1939).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Johannes_Blaskowitz_%28-1939%29.jpg/220px-Johannes_Blaskowitz_%28-1939%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Johannes_Blaskowitz_%28-1939%29.jpg/330px-Johannes_Blaskowitz_%28-1939%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/Johannes_Blaskowitz_%28-1939%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="610" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Blaskowitz in the 1930s</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Birth name</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Johannes Albrecht Blaskowitz</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1883-07-10</span>)</span>10 July 1883<br /><a href="/wiki/Bolshaya_Polyana,_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Bolshaya Polyana, Kaliningrad Oblast">Paterswalde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">5 February 1948<span style="display:none">(1948-02-05)</span> (aged 64)<br /><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Allied-occupied Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%281867%E2%80%931918%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> (1901–1918) <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Germany_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a> (1918–1933) </p> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> (1933–1945)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-War_Ensign_of_Germany_%281938%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/German_Army_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="German Army (1935–1945)">German Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1901–1945</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Generaloberst" title="Generaloberst">Generaloberst</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/8th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="8th Army (Wehrmacht)">8th Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/9th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="9th Army (Wehrmacht)">9th Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/1st_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="1st Army (Wehrmacht)">1st Army</a>, <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_G" title="Army Group G">Army Group G</a>, <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_H" title="Army Group H">Army Group H</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wola_Cyrusowa" title="Battle of Wola Cyrusowa">Battle of Wola Cyrusowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bzura" title="Battle of the Bzura">Battle of the Bzura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Warsaw_(1939)" title="Siege of Warsaw (1939)">Siege of Warsaw (1939)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_Anton" title="Case Anton">Case Anton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scuttling_of_the_French_fleet_at_Toulon#Operation_Lila" title="Scuttling of the French fleet at Toulon">Operation Lila</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Operation Dragoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_Line_campaign" title="Siegfried Line campaign">Siegfried Line campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine Campaign">Lorraine Campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Nordwind" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Nordwind">Operation Nordwind</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross_with_Oak_Leaves_and_Swords" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Johannes Albrecht Blaskowitz</b> (10 July 1883 – 5 February 1948) was a German <i><a href="/wiki/Generaloberst" title="Generaloberst">Generaloberst</a></i> during World War II. He was a recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross_with_Oak_Leaves_and_Swords" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords</a>. After joining the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_German_Army" title="Imperial German Army">Imperial German Army</a> in 1901, Blaskowitz served throughout World War I, where he earned an <a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a> for bravery. </p><p>During WWII, Blaskowitz led the <a href="/wiki/8th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="8th Army (Wehrmacht)">8th Army</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a> and was the Commander in Chief of Occupied Poland from 1939 to 1940. He wrote several memoranda to the German high command speaking out against <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> atrocities, and he handed out death sentences to SS members for crimes against Polish civilians. Based upon these actions against the SS, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> personally limited Blaskowitz's future advancement. He commanded <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_G" title="Army Group G">Army Group G</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Allied invasion of Southern France</a> and <a href="/wiki/Operation_Nordwind" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Nordwind">Operation Nordwind</a>, the last major German offensive of World War II on the Western Front. Blaskowitz later commanded the remnants of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_H" title="Army Group H">Army Group H</a> as it withdrew to Northern Netherlands before surrendering to Allied forces. </p><p>After the war, he was charged with war crimes in the <a href="/wiki/High_Command_Trial" title="High Command Trial">High Command Trial</a> at Nuremberg. He died by suicide during the trial on 5 February 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010219_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010219-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Blaskowitz&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johannes Blaskowitz was born on 10 July 1883 in the village of Paterswalde, (<a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>), Germany (now <a href="/wiki/Bolshaya_Polyana,_Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Bolshaya Polyana, Kaliningrad Oblast">Bolshaya Polyana</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>). He was the son of a <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Germany" title="Protestantism in Germany">Protestant</a> pastor, Hermann Blaskowitz, and his wife Marie Blaskowitz, née Kuhn. In 1894, Blaskowitz joined cadet school at <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6slin" class="mw-redirect" title="Köslin">Köslin</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Koszalin" title="Koszalin">Koszalin</a>, Poland) and afterwards at <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Lichterfelde" class="mw-redirect" title="Berlin Lichterfelde">Berlin Lichterfelde</a>. In 1901, he started his military career as a supreme officer candidate<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Supreme candidate? (January 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> cadet in an <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Army" title="Prussian Army">East Prussian regiment</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3da" title="Ostróda">Osterode</a> (Polish: <a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3da" title="Ostróda">Ostróda</a>). </p><p>During World War I, Blaskowitz served on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">Eastern</a> and <a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Fronts</a> and was employed in the <a href="/wiki/German_General_Staff" title="German General Staff">General Staff</a>. He rose to command an infantry company by 1918, and was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a> for bravery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interwar_period">Interwar period</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Blaskowitz&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Interwar period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wizyta_g%C5%82%C3%B3wnodowodz%C4%85cego_armi%C4%85_niemieck%C4%85_w_Czechos%C5%82owacji_genera%C5%82a_Johannesa_Blaskowitza_w_Pradze_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Wizyta_g%C5%82%C3%B3wnodowodz%C4%85cego_armi%C4%85_niemieck%C4%85_w_Czechos%C5%82owacji_genera%C5%82a_Johannesa_Blaskowitza_w_Pradze_%283%29.jpg/220px-Wizyta_g%C5%82%C3%B3wnodowodz%C4%85cego_armi%C4%85_niemieck%C4%85_w_Czechos%C5%82owacji_genera%C5%82a_Johannesa_Blaskowitza_w_Pradze_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Wizyta_g%C5%82%C3%B3wnodowodz%C4%85cego_armi%C4%85_niemieck%C4%85_w_Czechos%C5%82owacji_genera%C5%82a_Johannesa_Blaskowitza_w_Pradze_%283%29.jpg/330px-Wizyta_g%C5%82%C3%B3wnodowodz%C4%85cego_armi%C4%85_niemieck%C4%85_w_Czechos%C5%82owacji_genera%C5%82a_Johannesa_Blaskowitza_w_Pradze_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Wizyta_g%C5%82%C3%B3wnodowodz%C4%85cego_armi%C4%85_niemieck%C4%85_w_Czechos%C5%82owacji_genera%C5%82a_Johannesa_Blaskowitza_w_Pradze_%283%29.jpg/440px-Wizyta_g%C5%82%C3%B3wnodowodz%C4%85cego_armi%C4%85_niemieck%C4%85_w_Czechos%C5%82owacji_genera%C5%82a_Johannesa_Blaskowitza_w_Pradze_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2644" /></a><figcaption>Blaskowitz visiting the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Prague with German and Czechoslovak officers, 27 March 1939</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rozkas_pro_Obyvatele.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Rozkas_pro_Obyvatele.gif/220px-Rozkas_pro_Obyvatele.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Rozkas_pro_Obyvatele.gif/330px-Rozkas_pro_Obyvatele.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Rozkas_pro_Obyvatele.gif/440px-Rozkas_pro_Obyvatele.gif 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Decree written in poor Czech</figcaption></figure> <p>Blaskowitz's war service secured him a place in the small postwar <a href="/wiki/Reichswehr" title="Reichswehr">Reichswehr</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar Republic</a>, through whose ranks he rose to the rank of General. His attitude towards the <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazis</a>' seizure of power in 1933 was reportedly indifferent because he believed that the armed forces should be "politically neutral". </p><p>In early 1939 he commanded the German forces that <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">occupied Czechoslovakia</a>, and was promoted to General of Infantry and given command of the <a href="/wiki/8th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="8th Army (Wehrmacht)">8th Army</a> just prior to the outbreak of World War II. He was mocked because of the poor Czech language used in the first decree as the occupation commander. It was immediately replaced by the corrected version of the decree.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invasion_of_Poland">Invasion of Poland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Blaskowitz&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Invasion of Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Tadeusz_Kutrzeba_arriving_to_negotiate_the_surrender_of_Warsaw_with_General_Johannes_Blaskowitz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/General_Tadeusz_Kutrzeba_arriving_to_negotiate_the_surrender_of_Warsaw_with_General_Johannes_Blaskowitz.jpg/220px-General_Tadeusz_Kutrzeba_arriving_to_negotiate_the_surrender_of_Warsaw_with_General_Johannes_Blaskowitz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/General_Tadeusz_Kutrzeba_arriving_to_negotiate_the_surrender_of_Warsaw_with_General_Johannes_Blaskowitz.jpg/330px-General_Tadeusz_Kutrzeba_arriving_to_negotiate_the_surrender_of_Warsaw_with_General_Johannes_Blaskowitz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/General_Tadeusz_Kutrzeba_arriving_to_negotiate_the_surrender_of_Warsaw_with_General_Johannes_Blaskowitz.jpg/440px-General_Tadeusz_Kutrzeba_arriving_to_negotiate_the_surrender_of_Warsaw_with_General_Johannes_Blaskowitz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="562" /></a><figcaption>Tadeusz Kutrzeba surrenders the Polish capital of Warsaw to Blaskowitz (left), 27 September 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">invasion of Poland</a>, the 8th Army under Blaskowitz's command was responsible for the northern part of the front under <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_South" title="Army Group South">Army Group South</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Gerd_von_Rundstedt" title="Gerd von Rundstedt">Gerd von Rundstedt</a>. The 8th Army saw heavy combat during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bzura" title="Battle of the Bzura">Battle of the Bzura</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Warsaw_(1939)" title="Siege of Warsaw (1939)">besieged the Polish capital of Warsaw</a>. On 28 September 1939, Blaskowitz accepted the surrender of General <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Kutrzeba" title="Tadeusz Kutrzeba">Tadeusz Kutrzeba</a> and the Polish forces in Warsaw. After the campaign, he was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross</a>, promoted to <a href="/wiki/Generaloberst" title="Generaloberst">Generaloberst</a> and appointed as Commander-in-Chief East in Poland on 20 October 1939. </p><p>As a traditional soldier, Blaskowitz kept firm control on the men under his command in their dealings with civilians and was opposed to <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="German Army (1935–1945)">Army</a> participation in war crimes by the <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> and <i><a href="/wiki/Einsatzgruppen" title="Einsatzgruppen">Einsatzgruppen</a></i>. He handed out death sentences to members of the SS for crimes against the civilian population, which were rescinded by <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansenNeugebauerBusch2007365_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansenNeugebauerBusch2007365-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between November 1939 and February 1940 he wrote several memoranda to higher military officials, in which he detailed SS atrocities in Poland, their negative effects on Wehrmacht soldiers, the insolent attitude of the SS toward the army and warned that the SS "might later turn against their own people in the same way."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, his protests failed to produce results, and merely earned him the enmity of Hitler, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Hans Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a>, while Chief of Staff <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jodl" title="Alfred Jodl">Alfred Jodl</a> dismissed them as naive and "uncalled for".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKane2002161_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKane2002161-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200157–58_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200157–58-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0102-505,_Warschau,_Johannes_Blaskowitz,_Gerd_v._Rundstedt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0102-505%2C_Warschau%2C_Johannes_Blaskowitz%2C_Gerd_v._Rundstedt.jpg/170px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0102-505%2C_Warschau%2C_Johannes_Blaskowitz%2C_Gerd_v._Rundstedt.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0102-505%2C_Warschau%2C_Johannes_Blaskowitz%2C_Gerd_v._Rundstedt.jpg/255px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0102-505%2C_Warschau%2C_Johannes_Blaskowitz%2C_Gerd_v._Rundstedt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0102-505%2C_Warschau%2C_Johannes_Blaskowitz%2C_Gerd_v._Rundstedt.jpg/340px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0102-505%2C_Warschau%2C_Johannes_Blaskowitz%2C_Gerd_v._Rundstedt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="794" /></a><figcaption>Blaskowitz (right) with Rundstedt during the victory parade in Warsaw, 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>Commander-in-Chief <a href="/wiki/Walther_von_Brauchitsch" title="Walther von Brauchitsch">Walther von Brauchitsch</a> forwarded Blaskowitz's first memorandum to Hitler on 18 November, who launched a tirade against Blaskowitz, denouncing his concerns about due process as "childish" and poured scorn on his "<a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a> attitude."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKitchen2008247_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKitchen2008247-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1940, Blaskowitz prepared a list of 33 complaints against the SS. Among his complaints were strip searches and rape of Jewish women, a whipping orgy in <a href="/wiki/Nasielsk" title="Nasielsk">Nasielsk</a> affecting 1,600 Jews, and a clear case of <a href="/wiki/Rassenschande" title="Rassenschande">race mixing</a> committed by a junior SS officer. Blaskowitz concluded that "It is a mistake to massacre some 10,000 Jews and Poles, as is being done at present; for—so far as the mass of the population is concerned—this will not eradicate the idea of a Polish state, nor will the Jews be exterminated."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHilberg2003191_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHilberg2003191-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blaskowitz was relieved of his command on 29 May 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERabinbachGilman2013722_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERabinbachGilman2013722-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having thus encountered Hitler's wrath, Blaskowitz was the only Generaloberst at that time who was not promoted to Generalfeldmarschall in summer 1940 after the fall of France.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinemann2004780_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinemann2004780-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occupation_of_France">Occupation of France</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Blaskowitz&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Occupation of France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Fall of France">Fall of France</a> in May 1940, Blaskowitz was initially slated to command the <a href="/wiki/9th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="9th Army (Wehrmacht)">9th Army</a> for occupation duties, but the appointment was blocked by Hitler and instead he was appointed to a relatively minor position as Military Governor of Northern France, a position he held until October 1940, when he was transferred to the command of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Army_(Wehrmacht)#Combat_Chronicle" title="1st Army (Wehrmacht)">1st Army</a>, on the southwest coast between <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFest1997380_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFest1997380-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 November 1942, the 1st and <a href="/wiki/7th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="7th Army (Wehrmacht)">7th Army</a> under Blaskowitz's command launched <i><a href="/wiki/Case_Anton" title="Case Anton">Case Anton</a></i>, the military occupation of <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a>. The 1st Army advanced from the Atlantic coast, parallel to the <a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Spain_border" title="France–Spain border">Spanish border</a>, while the 7th Army advanced from central France towards <a href="/wiki/Vichy" title="Vichy">Vichy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a>. The 50,000-strong <a href="/wiki/Armistice_Army" title="Armistice Army">Vichy French Army</a> took defensive positions around Toulon, but when confronted by German demands to disband, it did so since it lacked the military capability to resist. By the evening of 11 November, German tanks had reached the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> coast. <i>Anton</i> marked the end of the Vichy regime as a nominally independent state. However, Blaskowitz's forces failed to secure the <a href="/wiki/Scuttling_of_the_French_fleet_in_Toulon" class="mw-redirect" title="Scuttling of the French fleet in Toulon">Vichy French fleet at Toulon</a>, which was scuttled by the French. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-719-0247-17A,_Paris,_Generale_Blaskowitz,_Rommel,_Rundstedt.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-719-0247-17A%2C_Paris%2C_Generale_Blaskowitz%2C_Rommel%2C_Rundstedt.jpg/170px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-719-0247-17A%2C_Paris%2C_Generale_Blaskowitz%2C_Rommel%2C_Rundstedt.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-719-0247-17A%2C_Paris%2C_Generale_Blaskowitz%2C_Rommel%2C_Rundstedt.jpg/255px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-719-0247-17A%2C_Paris%2C_Generale_Blaskowitz%2C_Rommel%2C_Rundstedt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-719-0247-17A%2C_Paris%2C_Generale_Blaskowitz%2C_Rommel%2C_Rundstedt.jpg/340px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-719-0247-17A%2C_Paris%2C_Generale_Blaskowitz%2C_Rommel%2C_Rundstedt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="505" data-file-height="794" /></a><figcaption>Blaskowitz (left) at a briefing in Paris with Field Marshals <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Rommel</a> and von Rundstedt, May 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>In May 1944, following the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Gerd_von_Rundstedt" title="Gerd von Rundstedt">Gerd von Rundstedt</a> as Commander-in-Chief in the West, Blaskowitz was appointed the head of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_G" title="Army Group G">Army Group G</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200158_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200158-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This comparatively small command, consisting of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="1st Army (Wehrmacht)">1st Army</a> and the <a href="/wiki/19th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="19th Army (Wehrmacht)">19th Army</a>, was given the task of defending <a href="/wiki/Southern_France" title="Southern France">southern France</a> from the imminent Allied invasion. When in <a href="/wiki/Normandy" title="Normandy">Normandy</a>, he managed to convince Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Rommel" title="Erwin Rommel">Erwin Rommel</a> that the "rumours" Rommel had heard about atrocities on the Eastern Front were actually true.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGiziowski1997262_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiziowski1997262-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to historian <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Clark" title="Christopher Clark">Christopher Clark</a>, in France, Blaskowitz tried to "build a constructive relationship with the local population", even though the conditions for him to do so were worse than in Poland. He encouraged the troops deployed to support French agriculture to act "selflessly". On the one hand, he tried to ensure that German counterinsurgency would be conducted in accordance with international norms as far as possible. He publicly distanced himself from units that committed the <a href="/wiki/Oradour-sur-Glane_massacre" title="Oradour-sur-Glane massacre">Oradour-sur-Glane massacre</a>. On the other hand, when the prefects in <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> complained about crimes against civilians in "<a href="/wiki/Counter-terrorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-terrorism">counter-terrorism</a>" procedures conducted by the SS, Blaskowitz defended the right of the German army to defend itself, even though he admitted sometimes innocent people were harmed: "..He recommended that the French authorities be told that "it is imperative that innocent people sometimes fall victim to the bullet [...]. Against such a struggle [namely on the part of the partisans of the Resistance], the Wehrmacht must and will defend itself under all the means of power at its disposal." After the <a href="/wiki/20_July_Plot" class="mw-redirect" title="20 July Plot">July Bomb Plot</a>, he sent a note that proclaimed loyalty to Hitler. Clark speculates that he might have feared that he was suspected. There was no evidence that suggests Blaskowitz ever protested the <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_France" title="The Holocaust in France">deportation of Jews from France</a>. Although army appraisal forms, compiled by Rundstedt, described him as a National Socialist, Christopher Clark opines that Blaskowitz likely never had any ideological attachment to Nazism. According to Clark, professionalism enabled Blaskowitz to follow his own principles even against the political Zeitgeist, but the same professionalism made him unsuitable for political resistance. After a visit in October 1943, <a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">German resistance</a> member <a href="/wiki/Ulrich_von_Hassell" title="Ulrich von Hassell">Ulrich von Hassell</a> lamented that it was not fruitful to discuss with Blaskowitz who saw everything from a military point-of-view. From this "very bounded standpoint", whatever one thought about the regime's moral character became overshadowed by duty to his superiors and his troops, as well as the people whose fate "now hung in balance."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaratieriEdeleFinaldi2013Christopher_Clark,_"The_Life_and_Death_of_Colonel-General_Blaskowitz),_p._39_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaratieriEdeleFinaldi2013Christopher_Clark,_"The_Life_and_Death_of_Colonel-General_Blaskowitz),_p._39-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaign_in_the_West_1944–45"><span id="Campaign_in_the_West_1944.E2.80.9345"></span>Campaign in the West 1944–45</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Blaskowitz&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Campaign in the West 1944–45"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J27018,_Frankreich,_Johannes_Blaskowitz_bei_Inspektion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J27018%2C_Frankreich%2C_Johannes_Blaskowitz_bei_Inspektion.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J27018%2C_Frankreich%2C_Johannes_Blaskowitz_bei_Inspektion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J27018%2C_Frankreich%2C_Johannes_Blaskowitz_bei_Inspektion.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J27018%2C_Frankreich%2C_Johannes_Blaskowitz_bei_Inspektion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J27018%2C_Frankreich%2C_Johannes_Blaskowitz_bei_Inspektion.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J27018%2C_Frankreich%2C_Johannes_Blaskowitz_bei_Inspektion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="584" /></a><figcaption>Blaskowitz as commander of Army Group G, inspecting German defenses in France, June 1944</figcaption></figure> <p>The invasion of southern France commenced on 15 August 1944, with <a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Operation Dragoon</a>, when Allied forces landed on the <a href="/wiki/French_Riviera" title="French Riviera">Riviera</a> between <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a>. Blaskowitz's forces had been weakened by the relocation of its divisions to other fronts and the replacement of its soldiers with third-rate <i><a href="/wiki/Ostlegionen" title="Ostlegionen">Ostlegionen</a></i> outfitted with obsolete equipment. Although badly outnumbered and lacking air defence, Blaskowitz brought up troops, stabilized the front, and led a fighting withdrawal to the north to avoid encirclement. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> units pursued Blaskowitz's forces up through the <a href="/wiki/Vosges_mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Vosges mountains">Vosges mountains</a> before pausing to regroup and refuel in early September. There, Blaskowitz's troops were reinforced by the <a href="/wiki/5th_Panzer_Army" title="5th Panzer Army">5th Panzer Army</a> under <a href="/wiki/Hasso_von_Manteuffel" title="Hasso von Manteuffel">Hasso von Manteuffel</a>. Blaskowitz was in overall command of German forces <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nancy_(1944)" title="Battle of Nancy (1944)">defending Nancy</a>, although the city was encircled and fell on 15 September 1944, most of the German forces escaped encirclement. </p><p>By September 1944, Army Group G was pushed back to the <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a> region, near the German border. Blaskowitz wanted to entrench his forces, but Hitler ordered him to immediately counterattack <a href="/wiki/George_S._Patton" title="George S. Patton">George S. Patton</a>'s <a href="/wiki/U.S._Third_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Third Army">U.S. Third Army</a>. Both Manteuffel and Blaskowitz realized the futility of such an action, but obeyed orders. <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arracourt" title="Battle of Arracourt">Their attack near Arracourt</a> caught U.S. forces in disarray and pushed them back to near <a href="/wiki/Lun%C3%A9ville" title="Lunéville">Lunéville</a> on 18–20 September, at which point resistance stiffened and the attack was suspended. As a result, Hitler summarily relieved Blaskowitz, replacing him with <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Balck" title="Hermann Balck">Hermann Balck</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200158_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200158-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The halt of the Third Army in September allowed Blaskowitz's forces to strengthen the fortress of Metz. Patton's forces first reached the fortress at Metz on 5 September 1944, forcing a German surrender on 21 November 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGabel1985_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGabel1985-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Metz" title="Battle of Metz">battle of Metz</a> took over 10 weeks, with both sides suffering heavy casualties. An attempt by Third Army to <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Driant" title="Battle of Fort Driant">seize Fort Driant</a> just south of Metz was also defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECole1950_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECole1950-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blaskowitz reviewed Patton's decision to launch a headlong attack straight into the fortifications of Metz by saying: "A direct attack on Metz was unnecessary. The Metz fortress area could have been masked. In contrast a swerve northward in the direction of Luxemburg and Bitburg would have met with greater success and caused our 1st Army's right flank collapse followed by the breakdown of our 7th Army."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiddell_Hart1948356_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddell_Hart1948356-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Balck was unable to stop the Third Army's advance, and in late December he was relieved of command of Army Group G, Blaskowitz was recalled to his previous command and ordered to attack in <a href="/wiki/Alsace-Lorraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Alsace-Lorraine">Alsace-Lorraine</a> in support of the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Ardennes_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardennes offensive">Ardennes offensive</a>. The goal of the offensive was to destroy the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_United_States_Army" title="Seventh United States Army">Seventh United States Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/1st_Army_(France)" title="1st Army (France)">French First Army</a>, as well as seize <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarkeSmith1993_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarkeSmith1993-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 January 1945, in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Northwind_(1944)" title="Operation Northwind (1944)">Operation Nordwind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_G" title="Army Group G">Army Group G</a> attacked the Seventh Army, forcing them to withdraw.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200158_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200158-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Germans were halted near <a href="/wiki/Haguenau" title="Haguenau">Haguenau</a> in late January and failed to achieve its main objectives.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200158_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200158-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Blaskowitz was subsequently transferred to the Netherlands on 30 January, where he succeeded <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Student" title="Kurt Student">Kurt Student</a> as commander of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_H" title="Army Group H">Army Group H</a>. For the following three months he conducted a fighting withdrawal against the <a href="/wiki/British_2nd_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="British 2nd Army">British 2nd Army</a>, and was awarded the Swords to his Knight's Cross. This command was redesignated in early April 1945 and Blaskowitz became commander-in-chief of the northern (still occupied) part of the Netherlands. During the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_famine_of_1944%E2%80%9345" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch famine of 1944–45">Dutch famine of 1944–45</a>, Blaskowitz allowed air corridors for <a href="/wiki/Operations_Manna_and_Chowhound" title="Operations Manna and Chowhound">Allied airdrops of food and medicine</a> to the Dutch civilian population.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200159_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200159-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johannes_Blaskowitz_surrenders_in_Holland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Johannes_Blaskowitz_surrenders_in_Holland.jpg/250px-Johannes_Blaskowitz_surrenders_in_Holland.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Johannes_Blaskowitz_surrenders_in_Holland.jpg/375px-Johannes_Blaskowitz_surrenders_in_Holland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Johannes_Blaskowitz_surrenders_in_Holland.jpg/500px-Johannes_Blaskowitz_surrenders_in_Holland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1357" data-file-height="1061" /></a><figcaption>Blaskowitz <small> (<i>second from right</i>)</small> surrenders German forces in the Netherlands to Canadian officers.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 5 May Blaskowitz was summoned to the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_de_Wereld" title="Hotel de Wereld">Hotel de Wereld</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wageningen" title="Wageningen">Wageningen</a> by <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant-general_(Canada)" title="Lieutenant-general (Canada)">Lieutenant-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Foulkes_(Canadian_Army_officer)" title="Charles Foulkes (Canadian Army officer)">Charles Foulkes</a>, (commander of <a href="/wiki/I_Canadian_Corps" title="I Canadian Corps">I Canadian Corps</a>), to discuss the surrender of the German forces in the Netherlands. <a href="/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands">Prince Bernhard</a>, acting as commander-in-chief of the Dutch Interior Forces, attended the meeting.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoddard2005209_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard2005209-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blaskowitz agreed with all proposals by Foulkes. However, nowhere in the building – some sources say nowhere in the whole town – could a typewriter be found. Thus, the surrender document could not be typed. The next day, both parties returned and, in the presence of both Foulkes and Prince Bernhard, Blaskowitz signed the surrender document, which in the meantime had been typed.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Indictment_and_trial">Indictment and trial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Blaskowitz&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Indictment and trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Blaskowitz was tried for war crimes at the <a href="/wiki/High_Command_Trial" title="High Command Trial">High Command Trial</a> (Case No. 12), one of the <a href="/wiki/Subsequent_Nuremberg_trials" title="Subsequent Nuremberg trials">subsequent Nuremberg trials</a>. In one notorious case he was accused of ordering the execution of two deserters after the German surrender. He died by suicide on 5 February 1948. After breaking away from his guards, he jumped off a balcony into the inner courtyard of the court building.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFest1997380_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFest1997380-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Nuremberg trials, Blaskowitz and <a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Blomberg" title="Werner von Blomberg">Werner von Blomberg</a>, Minister of War during the years leading to World War II, signed affidavits declaring that:<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The whole group of German staff and front officers believed that the question of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Corridor" title="Polish Corridor">Polish Corridor</a> would have to be settled some day, if necessary by force of arms.<br />A war to wipe out the political and economic losses resulting from the creation of the Polish Corridor was regarded as a sacred duty though a sad necessity.<br />Before 1938-39, the German generals were not opposed to Hitler.<br />Hitler produced the results which all of us warmly desired.</p></blockquote><p>Both the indictment and the suicide have since been considered an enigma by scholars because Blaskowitz likely would have been acquitted on all counts and had been told by his defence to expect to be acquitted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZabecki2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidrCWMBQAAQBAJqblaskowitz22acquittedonall22pgPA42_42]_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZabecki2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidrCWMBQAAQBAJqblaskowitz22acquittedonall22pgPA42_42]-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaratieriEdeleFinaldi2013[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidgcFEAQAAQBAJqblaskowitzexpect22acquitted22pgPA57_57]_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaratieriEdeleFinaldi2013[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidgcFEAQAAQBAJqblaskowitzexpect22acquitted22pgPA57_57]-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMettraux2008475_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMettraux2008475-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Hans_Laternser" title="Hans Laternser">Hans Laternser</a>, the defence counsel for the lead defendant, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Leeb" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilhelm von Leeb">Wilhelm von Leeb</a>, the prosecution told him, "Blaskowitz did not need to do that as he would certainly have been acquitted". That led to Laternser questioning the indictment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller2008See_url_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller2008See_url-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Clark, Blaskowitz could have counted on an acquittal.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarkSmelserSyring199528–49_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarkSmelserSyring199528–49-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historian Jen Scholten states in <a href="/wiki/Norbert_Frei" title="Norbert Frei">Norbert Frei</a>'s book on the elites of Nazi Germany, that the Nuremberg judges expressly saw Blaskowitz as a positive example of how Wehrmacht officers could have behaved.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreiScholten2002134_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreiScholten2002134-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decorations">Decorations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Blaskowitz&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Decorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a> 2nd Class (27 September 1914)<sup id="cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BArch_PERS_6/20-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Iron Cross 1st Class (2 March 1915)<sup id="cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BArch_PERS_6/20-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Royal <a href="/wiki/House_Order_of_Hohenzollern" title="House Order of Hohenzollern">House Order of Hohenzollern</a>, Knight's Cross with Swords (1 September 1917)<sup id="cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BArch_PERS_6/20-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wound_Badge" title="Wound Badge">Wound Badge</a> in Black (1918)<sup id="cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BArch_PERS_6/20-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a>: <a href="/wiki/Military_Merit_Order_(Bavaria)" title="Military Merit Order (Bavaria)">Military Merit Order</a> 4th Class with Swords (15 May 1916)<sup id="cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BArch_PERS_6/20-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Baden" title="Grand Duchy of Baden">Grand Duchy of Baden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Z%C3%A4hringer_Lion" title="Order of the Zähringer Lion">Order of the Zähringer Lion</a>, Knight's Cross 2nd Class with Swords (1915)<sup id="cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BArch_PERS_6/20-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brunswick" title="Duchy of Brunswick">Duchy of Brunswick</a>: <a href="/wiki/War_Merit_Cross_(Brunswick)" title="War Merit Cross (Brunswick)">War Merit Cross (Brunswick)</a> 2nd Class (4 June 1916)<sup id="cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BArch_PERS_6/20-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Oldenburg" title="Grand Duchy of Oldenburg">Grand Duchy of Oldenburg</a>: <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_August_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Friedrich August Cross">Friedrich August Cross</a> 2nd and 1st Classes (26 May 1916)<sup id="cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BArch_PERS_6/20-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>: <a href="/wiki/Military_Merit_Cross_(Austria-Hungary)" title="Military Merit Cross (Austria-Hungary)">Military Merit Cross</a> 3rd Class with the War Decoration (10 February 1916)<sup id="cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BArch_PERS_6/20-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_Star" title="Gallipoli Star">War Medal</a> (11 July 1917)<sup id="cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BArch_PERS_6/20-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honour_Cross_of_the_World_War_1914/1918" class="mw-redirect" title="Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918">Honour Cross of the World War 1914/1918</a> (10 November 1934)<sup id="cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BArch_PERS_6/20-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anschluss_Medal" title="Anschluss Medal">Anschluss Medal</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudetenland_Medal" title="Sudetenland Medal">Sudetenland Medal</a> with the Prague Castle bar (1939)</li> <li>1939 <a href="/wiki/Clasp_to_the_Iron_Cross" title="Clasp to the Iron Cross">Clasp to the Iron Cross</a> 2nd Class (11 September 1939)<sup id="cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BArch_PERS_6/20-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1939 <a href="/wiki/Clasp_to_the_Iron_Cross" title="Clasp to the Iron Cross">Clasp to the Iron Cross</a> 1st Class (21 September 1939)<sup id="cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BArch_PERS_6/20-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Cross" title="German Cross">German Cross</a> in Silver on 30 October 1943 as <i>Generaloberst</i> and commander-in-chief of the 1. Armee<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatzwallScherzer2001537_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatzwallScherzer2001537-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knight%27s_Cross_of_the_Iron_Cross_with_Oak_Leaves_and_Swords" class="mw-redirect" title="Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords">Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords</a> <ul><li>Knight's Cross on 30 September 1939 and <i>General der Infanterie</i> and commander-in-chief of the 8. Armee<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007224_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007224-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel2000134,_487_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel2000134,_487-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>640th Oak Leaves on 29 October 1944 as <i>Generaloberst</i> and commander-in-chief of the Heeresgruppe G<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007224_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007224-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel200091_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel200091-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>146th Swords on 25 April 1945 as <i>Generaloberst</i> and commander-in-chief of the Netherlands<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007224_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007224-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel200048_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel200048-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a>: <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Crown_of_Italy" title="Order of the Crown of Italy">Order of the Crown of Italy</a>, Grand Cross (27 August 1940)<sup id="cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BArch_PERS_6/20-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Blaskowitz&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHebert2010219-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHebert2010219_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHebert2010">Hebert 2010</a>, p. 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.vhu.cz/exhibit/vyhlaska-gen-blaskowitze-15-brezen-1939/">https://www.vhu.cz/exhibit/vyhlaska-gen-blaskowitze-15-brezen-1939/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansenNeugebauerBusch2007365-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHansenNeugebauerBusch2007365_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHansenNeugebauerBusch2007">Hansen, Neugebauer & Busch 2007</a>, p. 365.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/johannes-blaskowitz">"Johannes Blaskowitz"</a>. Jewish Virtual Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Johannes+Blaskowitz&rft.pub=Jewish+Virtual+Library&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjohannes-blaskowitz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKane2002161-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKane2002161_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKane2002">Kane 2002</a>, p. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200157–58-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200157–58_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFredriksen2001">Fredriksen 2001</a>, pp. 57–58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKitchen2008247-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKitchen2008247_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKitchen2008">Kitchen 2008</a>, p. 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHilberg2003191-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHilberg2003191_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHilberg2003">Hilberg 2003</a>, p. 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERabinbachGilman2013722-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERabinbachGilman2013722_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRabinbachGilman2013">Rabinbach & Gilman 2013</a>, p. 722.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeinemann2004780-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeinemann2004780_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeinemann2004">Heinemann 2004</a>, p. 780.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFest1997380-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFest1997380_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFest1997380_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFest1997">Fest 1997</a>, p. 380.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200158-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200158_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200158_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200158_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200158_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFredriksen2001">Fredriksen 2001</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiziowski1997262-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGiziowski1997262_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGiziowski1997">Giziowski 1997</a>, p. 262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaratieriEdeleFinaldi2013Christopher_Clark,_"The_Life_and_Death_of_Colonel-General_Blaskowitz),_p._39-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaratieriEdeleFinaldi2013Christopher_Clark,_"The_Life_and_Death_of_Colonel-General_Blaskowitz),_p._39_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaratieriEdeleFinaldi2013">Baratieri, Edele & Finaldi 2013</a>, Christopher Clark, "The Life and Death of Colonel-General Blaskowitz), p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGabel1985-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGabel1985_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGabel1985">Gabel 1985</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECole1950-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECole1950_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCole1950">Cole 1950</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELiddell_Hart1948356-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELiddell_Hart1948356_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLiddell_Hart1948">Liddell Hart 1948</a>, p. 356.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarkeSmith1993-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarkeSmith1993_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClarkeSmith1993">Clarke & Smith 1993</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200159-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFredriksen200159_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFredriksen2001">Fredriksen 2001</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoddard2005209-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoddard2005209_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoddard2005">Goddard 2005</a>, p. 209.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040711144633/http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/world/CanadaEuropa/monument/nl(ge(wageningen2-en.asp">"Wageningen, monument in Hotel De Wereld"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/world/CanadaEuropa/monument/nl(ge(wageningen2-en.asp">the original</a> on 2004-07-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2004-07-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wageningen%2C+monument+in+Hotel+De+Wereld&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dfait-maeci.gc.ca%2Fworld%2FCanadaEuropa%2Fmonument%2Fnl%28ge%28wageningen2-en.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/chap15_part07.asp">"Avalon Project : Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression - Volume 2 Chapter XV Part 7"</a>. <i>Avalon Project, Yale Law School, Lillian Goldman Law Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Avalon+Project%2C+Yale+Law+School%2C+Lillian+Goldman+Law+Library&rft.atitle=Avalon+Project+%3A+Nazi+Conspiracy+and+Aggression+-+Volume+2+Chapter+XV+Part+7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Favalon.law.yale.edu%2Fimt%2Fchap15_part07.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZabecki2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidrCWMBQAAQBAJqblaskowitz22acquittedonall22pgPA42_42]-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZabecki2014[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidrCWMBQAAQBAJqblaskowitz22acquittedonall22pgPA42_42]_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZabecki2014">Zabecki 2014</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rCWMBQAAQBAJ&q=blaskowitz+%22acquitted+on+all%22&pg=PA42">42</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaratieriEdeleFinaldi2013[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidgcFEAQAAQBAJqblaskowitzexpect22acquitted22pgPA57_57]-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaratieriEdeleFinaldi2013[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidgcFEAQAAQBAJqblaskowitzexpect22acquitted22pgPA57_57]_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaratieriEdeleFinaldi2013">Baratieri, Edele & Finaldi 2013</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gcFEAQAAQBAJ&q=blaskowitz+expect+%22acquitted%22&pg=PA57">57</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMettraux2008475-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMettraux2008475_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMettraux2008">Mettraux 2008</a>, p. 475.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeller2008See_url-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeller2008See_url_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeller2008">Heller 2008</a>, p. See url.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClarkSmelserSyring199528–49-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClarkSmelserSyring199528–49_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClarkSmelserSyring1995">Clark, Smelser & Syring 1995</a>, pp. 28–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFreiScholten2002134-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFreiScholten2002134_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFreiScholten2002">Frei & Scholten 2002</a>, p. 134.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BArch_PERS_6/20-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BArch_PERS_6/20_29-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">German Federal Archives (<i>Bundesarchiv</i>), Personalakte von Johannes Blaskowitz, BArch PERS 6/20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPatzwallScherzer2001537-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPatzwallScherzer2001537_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPatzwallScherzer2001">Patzwall & Scherzer 2001</a>, p. 537.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007224-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007224_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007224_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScherzer2007224_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScherzer2007">Scherzer 2007</a>, p. 224.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel2000134,_487-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel2000134,_487_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFellgiebel2000">Fellgiebel 2000</a>, pp. 134, 487.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel200091-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel200091_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFellgiebel2000">Fellgiebel 2000</a>, p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel200048-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFellgiebel200048_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFellgiebel2000">Fellgiebel 2000</a>, p. 48.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Blaskowitz, Johannes - <i>German reaction to the invasion of southern France</i> - (ASIN B0007K469O) - Historical Division, Headquarters, United States Army, Europe, Foreign Military Studies Branch, 1945</li> <li>Blaskowitz, Johannes - <i>Answers to questions directed to General Blaskowitz</i> - (ASIN B0007K46JY) - Historical Division, Headquarters, United States Army, Europe, Foreign Military Studies Branch, 1945</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaratieriEdeleFinaldi2013" class="citation 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Routledge. pp. 54–56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-135-04397-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-135-04397-1"><bdi>978-1-135-04397-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Washington, DC: Center of Military History, United States Army. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/007/7-10-1/CMH_Pub_7-10-1.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Riviera+to+the+Rhine+%28CMH+Pub+7%E2%80%9310%29&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Center+of+Military+History%2C+United+States+Army&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+J.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Robert+Ross&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fbooks%2F007%2F7-10-1%2FCMH_Pub_7-10-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarkSmelserSyring1995" class="citation book cs1">Clark, Christopher; <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Smelser" title="Ronald Smelser">Smelser, Ronald M.</a>; Syring, Enrico (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/34751583"><i>Die Militärelite des Dritten Reiches : 27 biographische Skizzen</i></a>. Berlin: Ullstein. pp. 28–49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-550-07080-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-550-07080-8"><bdi>978-3-550-07080-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/34751583">34751583</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Milit%C3%A4relite+des+Dritten+Reiches+%3A+27+biographische+Skizzen&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=28-49&rft.pub=Ullstein&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F34751583&rft.isbn=978-3-550-07080-8&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Smelser%2C+Ronald+M.&rft.au=Syring%2C+Enrico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F34751583&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole1950" class="citation book cs1">Cole, Hugh M. (1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.army.mil/html/books/007/7-6-1/CMH_Pub_7-6-1.pdf"><i>The Lorraine Campaign</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Historical Division, United States Army. p. 448.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lorraine+Campaign&rft.pages=448&rft.pub=Historical+Division%2C+United+States+Army&rft.date=1950&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Hugh+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.army.mil%2Fhtml%2Fbooks%2F007%2F7-6-1%2FCMH_Pub_7-6-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFellgiebel2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-interwiki-linked-name cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walther-Peer_Fellgiebel" class="extiw" title="de:Walther-Peer Fellgiebel">Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer</a> <span class="cs1-format">[in German]</span> (2000) [1986]. <i>Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile</i> [<i>The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches</i>] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7909-0284-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7909-0284-6"><bdi>978-3-7909-0284-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Tr%C3%A4ger+des+Ritterkreuzes+des+Eisernen+Kreuzes+1939%E2%80%931945+%E2%80%94+Die+Inhaber+der+h%C3%B6chsten+Auszeichnung+des+Zweiten+Weltkrieges+aller+Wehrmachtteile&rft.place=Friedberg%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Podzun-Pallas&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-3-7909-0284-6&rft.aulast=Fellgiebel&rft.aufirst=Walther-Peer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFest1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Fest" title="Joachim Fest">Fest, Joachim</a> (1997). <i>Plotting Hitler's Death</i>. London: Phoenix House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85799-917-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85799-917-4"><bdi>978-1-85799-917-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Plotting+Hitler%27s+Death&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Phoenix+House&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-85799-917-4&rft.aulast=Fest&rft.aufirst=Joachim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFredriksen2001" class="citation book cs1">Fredriksen, John C. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJlm7AQK-T4C&q=blaskowitz+%22old+school%22&pg=PA57"><i>America's Military Adversaries: From Colonial Times to the Present</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-Clio" title="ABC-Clio">ABC-Clio</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-603-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-603-3"><bdi>978-1-57607-603-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%27s+Military+Adversaries%3A+From+Colonial+Times+to+the+Present&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-603-3&rft.aulast=Fredriksen&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZJlm7AQK-T4C%26q%3Dblaskowitz%2B%2522old%2Bschool%2522%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreiScholten2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Frei, Norbert; Scholten, Jens (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/1015508869"><i>Karrieren im Zwielicht : Hitlers Eliten nach 1945</i></a> (in German). Campus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-593-36790-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-593-36790-3"><bdi>978-3-593-36790-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1015508869">1015508869</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Karrieren+im+Zwielicht+%3A+Hitlers+Eliten+nach+1945&rft.pub=Campus&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1015508869&rft.isbn=978-3-593-36790-3&rft.aulast=Frei&rft.aufirst=Norbert&rft.au=Scholten%2C+Jens&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1015508869&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGabel1985" class="citation report cs1">Gabel, Christopher R. (1985-02-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada211668">The Lorraine Campaign: An Overview, September-December 1944</a> (Report). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21236%2Fada211668">10.21236/ada211668</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Lorraine+Campaign%3A+An+Overview%2C+September-December+1944&rft.place=Fort+Belvoir%2C+VA&rft.pub=Defense+Technical+Information+Center&rft.date=1985-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21236%2Fada211668&rft.aulast=Gabel&rft.aufirst=Christopher+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.21236%2Fada211668&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiziowski1997" class="citation book cs1">Giziowski, Richard John (1997). <i>The Enigma of General Blaskowitz</i>. Leo Cooper. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7818-0503-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7818-0503-2"><bdi>978-0-7818-0503-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Enigma+of+General+Blaskowitz&rft.pub=Leo+Cooper&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7818-0503-2&rft.aulast=Giziowski&rft.aufirst=Richard+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoddard2005" class="citation book cs1">Goddard, Lance (May 1, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LobF3GOd8_8C&q=Blaskowitz+Hotel+de+Wereld&pg=PA209"><i>Canada and the Liberation of the Netherlands, May 1945</i></a>. Dundurn. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-1253-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-1253-9"><bdi>978-1-4597-1253-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canada+and+the+Liberation+of+the+Netherlands%2C+May+1945&rft.pub=Dundurn&rft.date=2005-05-01&rft.isbn=978-1-4597-1253-9&rft.aulast=Goddard&rft.aufirst=Lance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLobF3GOd8_8C%26q%3DBlaskowitz%2BHotel%2Bde%2BWereld%26pg%3DPA209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeinemann2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Heinemann, Winfried (2004). "Der militärische Widerstand und der Krieg". In Echternkamp, Jörg (ed.). <i>Die deutsche Kriegsgesellschaft 1939 bis 1945. Erster Halbband: Politisierung, Vernichtung, Überleben</i>. Das Deutsche Reich und der Zweite Weltkrieg (Militärgeschichtliches Forschungsamt) (in German). Vol. 9–1. München: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt. p. 780. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89678-727-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89678-727-9"><bdi>978-3-89678-727-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Der+milit%C3%A4rische+Widerstand+und+der+Krieg&rft.btitle=Die+deutsche+Kriegsgesellschaft+1939+bis+1945.+Erster+Halbband%3A+Politisierung%2C+Vernichtung%2C+%C3%9Cberleben&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen&rft.series=Das+Deutsche+Reich+und+der+Zweite+Weltkrieg+%28Milit%C3%A4rgeschichtliches+Forschungsamt%29&rft.pages=780&rft.pub=Deutsche+Verlags-Anstalt&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-3-89678-727-9&rft.aulast=Heinemann&rft.aufirst=Winfried&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeller2008" class="citation book cs1">Heller, Kevin Jon (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UajoIHEUKw4C&dq=Blaskowitz+%22acquitted%22&pg=PT111"><i>The Nuremberg Military Tribunals and the Origins of International Criminal Law</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923233-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923233-8"><bdi>978-0-19-923233-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nuremberg+Military+Tribunals+and+the+Origins+of+International+Criminal+Law&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-923233-8&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Kevin+Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUajoIHEUKw4C%26dq%3DBlaskowitz%2B%2522acquitted%2522%26pg%3DPT111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHilberg2003" class="citation book cs1">Hilberg, Raul (2003). <i>The destruction of the European Jews</i> (3rd ed.). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09557-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09557-9"><bdi>978-0-300-09557-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+destruction+of+the+European+Jews&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-300-09557-9&rft.aulast=Hilberg&rft.aufirst=Raul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKane2002" class="citation book cs1">Kane, Robert B. (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/disobediencecons00kane"><i>Disobedience and conspiracy in the German Army, 1918-1945</i></a></span>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-1104-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-1104-X"><bdi>0-7864-1104-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Disobedience+and+conspiracy+in+the+German+Army%2C+1918-1945&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7864-1104-X&rft.aulast=Kane&rft.aufirst=Robert+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdisobediencecons00kane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiddell_Hart1948" class="citation book cs1">Liddell Hart, Basil Henry (1948). <i>Other Side of the Hill: Germany's Generals, Their Rise and Fall, with Their Own Account of Military Events, 1939-45</i> (1999 Pan Grand Strategy edition). 9780330373241: Pan Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Other+Side+of+the+Hill%3A+Germany%27s+Generals%2C+Their+Rise+and+Fall%2C+with+Their+Own+Account+of+Military+Events%2C+1939-45&rft.place=9780330373241&rft.pub=Pan+Books&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Liddell+Hart&rft.aufirst=Basil+Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location" title="Category:CS1 maint: location">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHebert2010" class="citation book cs1">Hebert, Valerie (2010). <a href="/wiki/Hitler%27s_Generals_on_Trial" title="Hitler's Generals on Trial"><i>Hitler's Generals on Trial: The Last War Crimes Tribunal at Nuremberg</i></a>. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1698-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7006-1698-5"><bdi>978-0-7006-1698-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Generals+on+Trial%3A+The+Last+War+Crimes+Tribunal+at+Nuremberg&rft.place=Lawrence%2C+Kansas&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kansas&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7006-1698-5&rft.aulast=Hebert&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kemp_(historian)" title="Anthony Kemp (historian)">Kemp, Anthony</a> (1990 reprint). <i>German Commanders of World War II</i> (#124 Men-At-Arms series). Osprey Pub., London. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85045-433-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-85045-433-6">0-85045-433-6</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKitchen2008" class="citation book cs1">Kitchen, Martin (2008). <i>The Third Reich: Charisma and Community</i>. Pearson Education. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-0169-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-0169-0"><bdi>978-1-4058-0169-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich%3A+Charisma+and+Community&rft.pub=Pearson+Education&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4058-0169-0&rft.aulast=Kitchen&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Information on his death - <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, February 6, 1948, p. 13</li> <li>Information on his death - <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, February 8, 1948, p. 3</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMettraux2008" class="citation book cs1">Mettraux, Guénaël (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CcFqLfRDRjkC&q=blaskowitz+%22acquitted%22&pg=PA475"><i>The Nuremberg Military Tribunals and the Origins of International Criminal Law</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923233-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-923233-8"><bdi>978-0-19-923233-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nuremberg+Military+Tribunals+and+the+Origins+of+International+Criminal+Law&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-923233-8&rft.aulast=Mettraux&rft.aufirst=Gu%C3%A9na%C3%ABl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCcFqLfRDRjkC%26q%3Dblaskowitz%2B%2522acquitted%2522%26pg%3DPA475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatzwallScherzer2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). <i>Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II</i> [<i>The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2</i>] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-931533-45-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-931533-45-8"><bdi>978-3-931533-45-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Deutsche+Kreuz+1941+%E2%80%93+1945+Geschichte+und+Inhaber+Band+II&rft.place=Norderstedt%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Verlag+Klaus+D.+Patzwall&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-931533-45-8&rft.aulast=Patzwall&rft.aufirst=Klaus+D.&rft.au=Scherzer%2C+Veit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabinbachGilman2013" class="citation book cs1">Rabinbach, Anson; Gilman, Sander L. (Jul 10, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XhDakMp55i0C&q=Blaskowitz+was+relieved+of+his+command+on+29+May+1940.&pg=PA722"><i>The Third Reich Sourcebook</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-95514-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-95514-1"><bdi>978-0-520-95514-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich+Sourcebook&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2013-07-10&rft.isbn=978-0-520-95514-1&rft.aulast=Rabinbach&rft.aufirst=Anson&rft.au=Gilman%2C+Sander+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXhDakMp55i0C%26q%3DBlaskowitz%2Bwas%2Brelieved%2Bof%2Bhis%2Bcommand%2Bon%2B29%2BMay%2B1940.%26pg%3DPA722&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScherzer2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Scherzer, Veit (2007). <i>Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives</i> [<i>The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives</i>] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-938845-17-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-938845-17-2"><bdi>978-3-938845-17-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Ritterkreuztr%C3%A4ger+1939%E2%80%931945+Die+Inhaber+des+Ritterkreuzes+des+Eisernen+Kreuzes+1939+von+Heer%2C+Luftwaffe%2C+Kriegsmarine%2C+Waffen-SS%2C+Volkssturm+sowie+mit+Deutschland+verb%C3%BCndeter+Streitkr%C3%A4fte+nach+den+Unterlagen+des+Bundesarchives&rft.place=Jena%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Scherzers+Militaer-Verlag&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-938845-17-2&rft.aulast=Scherzer&rft.aufirst=Veit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas1997" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thomas, Franz (1997). <i>Die Eichenlaubträger 1939–1945 Band 1: A–K</i> [<i>The Oak Leaves Bearers 1939–1945 Volume 1: A–K</i>] (in German). Osnabrück, Germany: Biblio-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7648-2299-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7648-2299-6"><bdi>978-3-7648-2299-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Eichenlaubtr%C3%A4ger+1939%E2%80%931945+Band+1%3A+A%E2%80%93K&rft.place=Osnabr%C3%BCck%2C+Germany&rft.pub=Biblio-Verlag&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-3-7648-2299-6&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Franz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUeberschär2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Gerd_R._Uebersch%C3%A4r" title="Gerd R. Ueberschär">Ueberschär, Gerd R.</a> (2011). "Generaloberst Johannes Blaskowitz". In Friedrich-Christian, Stahl (ed.). <i>Hitlers militärische Elite</i> (in German). Primus Verlag. pp. 20–27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89678-727-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89678-727-9"><bdi>978-3-89678-727-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Generaloberst+Johannes+Blaskowitz&rft.btitle=Hitlers+milit%C3%A4rische+Elite&rft.pages=20-27&rft.pub=Primus+Verlag&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3-89678-727-9&rft.aulast=Uebersch%C3%A4r&rft.aufirst=Gerd+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLieb2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Lieb" title="Peter Lieb">Lieb, Peter</a> (2007). "Generaloberst Johannes Blaskowitz". <i>Konventioneller Krieg oder NS-Weltanschauungskrieg? Kriegführung und Partisanenbekämpfung in Frankreich 1943/44</i> (in German). Universität München. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-486-57992-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-486-57992-5"><bdi>978-3-486-57992-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Generaloberst+Johannes+Blaskowitz&rft.btitle=Konventioneller+Krieg+oder+NS-Weltanschauungskrieg%3F+Kriegf%C3%BChrung+und+Partisanenbek%C3%A4mpfung+in+Frankreich+1943%2F44.&rft.pub=Universit%C3%A4t+M%C3%BCnchen&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-3-486-57992-5&rft.aulast=Lieb&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansenNeugebauerBusch2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hansen, Willi; Neugebauer, Karl-Volker; Busch, Michael (2007). <i>Das Zeitalter der Weltkriege – Völker in Waffen</i> (in German). R. Oldenbourg Verlag.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Zeitalter+der+Weltkriege+%E2%80%93+V%C3%B6lker+in+Waffen&rft.pub=R.+Oldenbourg+Verlag&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Willi&rft.au=Neugebauer%2C+Karl-Volker&rft.au=Busch%2C+Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZabecki2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_T._Zabecki" title="David T. Zabecki">Zabecki, David T.</a>, ed. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rCWMBQAAQBAJ&q=blaskowitz+%22acquitted+on+all%22&pg=PA42"><i>Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History</i></a>. Santa Barbara, California: <a href="/wiki/ABC-Clio" title="ABC-Clio">ABC-Clio</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-981-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-981-3"><bdi>978-1-59884-981-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Germany+at+War%3A+400+Years+of+Military+History&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pub=ABC-Clio&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-981-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrCWMBQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dblaskowitz%2B%2522acquitted%2Bon%2Ball%2522%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohannes+Blaskowitz" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #bebebe;">Government offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">none</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia-Moravia" class="mw-redirect" title="Protectorate of Bohemia-Moravia">Supreme commander of German armies in the Protectorate</a> </b><br />15 March 1939–18 March 1939 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Freiherr_von_Neurath" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath">Konstantin Freiherr von Neurath</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">none</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Commander of <a href="/wiki/8th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="8th Army (Wehrmacht)">8. Armee</a> </b><br />1 September 1939–20 October 1939 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i>General der Infanterie</i> <a href="/wiki/Otto_W%C3%B6hler" title="Otto Wöhler">Otto Wöhler</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">none</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Commander of <a href="/wiki/9th_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="9th Army (Wehrmacht)">9. Armee</a> </b><br />15 May 1940–29 May 1940 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i>General der Infanterie</i> <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Strauss_(general)" title="Adolf Strauss (general)">Adolf Strauß</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">General <a href="/wiki/Erwin_von_Witzleben" title="Erwin von Witzleben">Erwin von Witzleben</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Commander of <a href="/wiki/1st_Army_(Wehrmacht)" title="1st Army (Wehrmacht)">1. Armee</a> </b><br />24 October 1940–2 May 1944 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">General <a href="/wiki/Joachim_Lemelsen" title="Joachim Lemelsen">Joachim Lemelsen</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">none</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Commander of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_G" title="Army Group G">Heeresgruppe G</a> </b><br />8 May 1944–20 September 1944 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">General <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Balck" title="Hermann Balck">Hermann Balck</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold">General <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Balck" title="Hermann Balck">Hermann Balck</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Commander of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_G" title="Army Group G">Heeresgruppe G</a> </b><br />24 December 1944–29 January 1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold">General <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hausser" title="Paul Hausser">Paul Hausser</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i>Generaloberst</i> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Student" title="Kurt Student">Kurt Student</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Commander of <a href="/wiki/Army_Group_H" title="Army Group H">Heeresgruppe H</a> </b><br />30 January 1945–15 April 1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i>Generalfeldmarschall</i> <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Busch_(field_marshal)" title="Ernst Busch (field marshal)">Ernst Busch</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> 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this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_office-holders_in_the_Nazi_German_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia&#124;link=Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_political_office-holders_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Lists of political office-holders in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Political office-holders</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi German</a> <a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia"><img alt="Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government of the Protectorate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">State President</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emil_H%C3%A1cha" title="Emil Hácha">Emil Hácha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Prime Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Beran" title="Rudolf Beran">Rudolf Beran</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alois_Eli%C3%A1%C5%A1" title="Alois Eliáš">Alois Eliáš</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaroslav_Krej%C4%8D%C3%AD" title="Jaroslav Krejčí">Jaroslav Krejčí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Bienert" title="Richard Bienert">Richard Bienert</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">German representatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Supreme Commander<br />of the Wehrmacht</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johannes Blaskowitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Reich Protectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">Konstantin von Neurath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reinhard_Heydrich" title="Reinhard Heydrich">Reinhard Heydrich</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Daluege" title="Kurt Daluege">Kurt Daluege</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Wilhelm Frick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">State Minister</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hermann_Frank" title="Karl Hermann Frank">Karl Hermann Frank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>*Acting</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="German_Colonel_Generals_and_General_Admirals_of_Nazi_Germany" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Generaloberst_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Template:Generaloberst of Nazi Germany"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Generaloberst_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Template talk:Generaloberst of Nazi Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Generaloberst_of_Nazi_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Generaloberst of Nazi Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="German_Colonel_Generals_and_General_Admirals_of_Nazi_Germany" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">German <a href="/wiki/Colonel_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel General">Colonel Generals</a> and <a href="/wiki/General_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="General Admiral">General Admirals</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Colonel_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel General">Colonel General</a><br />(<i>Generaloberst</i>)<br />of the <a href="/wiki/German_Army_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="German Army (1935–1945)">Army</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Adam_(general)" title="Wilhelm Adam (general)">Wilhelm Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-J%C3%BCrgen_von_Arnim" title="Hans-Jürgen von Arnim">Hans-Jürgen von Arnim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Beck" title="Ludwig Beck">Ludwig Beck</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johannes Blaskowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Dietl" title="Eduard Dietl">Eduard Dietl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Dollmann" title="Friedrich Dollmann">Friedrich Dollmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_von_Falkenhorst" title="Nikolaus von Falkenhorst">Nikolaus von Falkenhorst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Frie%C3%9Fner" title="Johannes Frießner">Johannes Frießner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Fritsch" title="Werner von Fritsch">Werner von Fritsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Fromm" title="Friedrich Fromm">Friedrich Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Guderian" title="Heinz Guderian">Heinz Guderian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curt_Haase" title="Curt Haase">Curt Haase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Halder" title="Franz Halder">Franz Halder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_von_Hammerstein-Equord" title="Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord">Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josef_Harpe" title="Josef Harpe">Josef Harpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotthard_Heinrici" title="Gotthard Heinrici">Gotthard Heinrici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Heitz" title="Walter Heitz">Walter Heitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Hilpert" title="Carl Hilpert">Carl Hilpert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Hoepner" title="Erich Hoepner">Erich Hoepner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl-Adolf_Hollidt" title="Karl-Adolf Hollidt">Karl-Adolf Hollidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hoth" title="Hermann Hoth">Hermann Hoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Valentin_Hube" title="Hans-Valentin Hube">Hans-Valentin Hube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erwin_Jaenecke" title="Erwin Jaenecke">Erwin Jaenecke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jodl" title="Alfred Jodl">Alfred Jodl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_Lindemann" title="Georg Lindemann">Georg Lindemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eberhard_von_Mackensen" title="Eberhard von Mackensen">Eberhard von Mackensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erhard_Raus" title="Erhard Raus">Erhard Raus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg-Hans_Reinhardt" title="Georg-Hans Reinhardt">Georg-Hans Reinhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothar_Rendulic" title="Lothar Rendulic">Lothar Rendulic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ruoff" title="Richard Ruoff">Richard Ruoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Salmuth" title="Hans von Salmuth">Hans von Salmuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Schmidt" title="Rudolf Schmidt">Rudolf Schmidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugen_Ritter_von_Schobert" title="Eugen Ritter von Schobert">Eugen Ritter von Schobert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Strauss_(general)" title="Adolf Strauss (general)">Adolf Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Strecker" title="Karl Strecker">Karl Strecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_von_Vietinghoff" title="Heinrich von Vietinghoff">Heinrich von Vietinghoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Wei%C3%9F" title="Walter Weiß">Walter Weiß</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Zeitzler" title="Kurt Zeitzler">Kurt Zeitzler</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WMacht_H_OF9_GenOberst_h_1935-1945.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/WMacht_H_OF9_GenOberst_h_1935-1945.svg/50px-WMacht_H_OF9_GenOberst_h_1935-1945.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/WMacht_H_OF9_GenOberst_h_1935-1945.svg/75px-WMacht_H_OF9_GenOberst_h_1935-1945.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/WMacht_H_OF9_GenOberst_h_1935-1945.svg/100px-WMacht_H_OF9_GenOberst_h_1935-1945.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="274" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg/50px-WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg/75px-WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg/100px-WMacht_Lw_OF9_GenOberst_h_1945.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="274" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kriegsmarine_epaulette_Generaladmiral.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kriegsmarine_epaulette_Generaladmiral.svg/50px-Kriegsmarine_epaulette_Generaladmiral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kriegsmarine_epaulette_Generaladmiral.svg/75px-Kriegsmarine_epaulette_Generaladmiral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Kriegsmarine_epaulette_Generaladmiral.svg/100px-Kriegsmarine_epaulette_Generaladmiral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="274" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SS_Oberst-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/SS_Oberst-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/50px-SS_Oberst-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/SS_Oberst-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/75px-SS_Oberst-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/SS_Oberst-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg/100px-SS_Oberst-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer_h.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="223" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Colonel_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonel General">Colonel General</a><br />(<i>Generaloberst</i>)<br />of the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_De%C3%9Floch" title="Otto Deßloch">Otto Deßloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulrich_Grauert" title="Ulrich Grauert">Ulrich Grauert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Jeschonnek" title="Hans Jeschonnek">Hans Jeschonnek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Keller" title="Alfred Keller">Alfred Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Korten" title="Günther Korten">Günther Korten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Loerzer" title="Bruno Loerzer">Bruno Loerzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_L%C3%B6hr" title="Alexander Löhr">Alexander Löhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_R%C3%BCdel" title="Günther Rüdel">Günther Rüdel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Student" title="Kurt Student">Kurt Student</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-J%C3%BCrgen_Stumpff" title="Hans-Jürgen Stumpff">Hans-Jürgen Stumpff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Udet" title="Ernst Udet">Ernst Udet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Weise" title="Hubert Weise">Hubert Weise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/General_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="General Admiral">General Admiral</a><br />(<i>Generaladmiral</i>)<br />of the <a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Albrecht" title="Conrad Albrecht">Conrad Albrecht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Boehm_(admiral)" title="Hermann Boehm (admiral)">Hermann Boehm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolf_Carls" title="Rolf Carls">Rolf Carls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Georg_von_Friedeburg" title="Hans-Georg von Friedeburg">Hans-Georg von Friedeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Kummetz" title="Oskar Kummetz">Oskar Kummetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Marschall" title="Wilhelm Marschall">Wilhelm Marschall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Saalw%C3%A4chter" title="Alfred Saalwächter">Alfred Saalwächter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Schniewind" title="Otto Schniewind">Otto Schniewind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Schultze" title="Otto Schultze">Otto Schultze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Warzecha" title="Walter Warzecha">Walter Warzecha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Witzell" title="Karl Witzell">Karl Witzell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><i><a href="/wiki/SS-Oberst-Gruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="SS-Oberst-Gruppenführer">Oberst-Gruppenführer</a></i><br />of the <a href="/wiki/Waffen-SS" title="Waffen-SS">Waffen-SS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sepp_Dietrich" title="Sepp Dietrich">Sepp Dietrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hausser" title="Paul Hausser">Paul Hausser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="High_Command_Trial" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:High_Command_Trial" title="Template:High Command Trial"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:High_Command_Trial" title="Template talk:High Command Trial"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:High_Command_Trial" title="Special:EditPage/Template:High Command Trial"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="High_Command_Trial" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/High_Command_Trial" title="High Command Trial">High Command Trial</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Judges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_C._Young_(judge)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John C. Young (judge) (page does not exist)">John C. Young</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Lawyers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telford_Taylor" title="Telford Taylor">Telford Taylor</a> (Chief Counsel for the Prosecution)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Laternser" title="Hans Laternser">Hans Laternser</a> (Lead Defence Counsel)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Charges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">Crimes against humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimes against peace">Crimes against peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_conspiracy" title="Criminal conspiracy">Criminal conspiracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">War crimes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Defendants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Convicted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl-Adolf_Hollidt" title="Karl-Adolf Hollidt">Karl-Adolf Hollidt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Hoth" title="Hermann Hoth">Hermann Hoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_von_K%C3%BCchler" title="Georg von Küchler">Georg von Küchler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ritter_von_Leeb" title="Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb">Wilhelm von Leeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Lehmann_(military_judge)" title="Rudolf Lehmann (military judge)">Rudolf Lehmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Reinecke" title="Hermann Reinecke">Hermann Reinecke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg-Hans_Reinhardt" title="Georg-Hans Reinhardt">Georg-Hans Reinhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_von_Roques" title="Karl von Roques">Karl von Roques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_von_Salmuth" title="Hans von Salmuth">Hans von Salmuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Warlimont" title="Walter Warlimont">Walter Warlimont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_W%C3%B6hler" title="Otto Wöhler">Otto Wöhler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Acquitted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Schniewind" title="Otto Schniewind">Otto Schniewind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Sperrle" title="Hugo Sperrle">Hugo Sperrle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">No decision</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Johannes Blaskowitz</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subsequent_Nuremberg_trials" title="Subsequent Nuremberg trials">Subsequent Nuremberg trials</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hostages_trial" class="mw-redirect" title="Hostages trial">Hostages trial</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Wehrmacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Clean Wehrmacht">Clean Wehrmacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Command_responsibility" title="Command responsibility">Command responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_orders" title="Superior orders">Superior orders</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Historiography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hitler%27s_Generals_on_Trial" title="Hitler's Generals on Trial">Hitler's Generals on Trial: The Last War Crimes Tribunal at Nuremberg</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Wehrmacht:_History,_Myth,_Reality" title="The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality">The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Committed suicide</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57234#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57234#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57234#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000055363694">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/3273087">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/223032/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtmxQJKvWpKGkcPvrGPwC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119093480">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://www.idref.fr/035370203">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6sb44h9">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header"><b>Johannes Blaskowitz</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects" style="white-space:nowrap;">sister projects</span></a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><span 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