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Shrub - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 109 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struik" title="Struik – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Struik" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%81%E1%8C%A5%E1%89%8B%E1%8C%A6" title="ቁጥቋጦ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቁጥቋጦ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="جنيبة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جنيبة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbusto" title="Arbusto – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Arbusto" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbustu" title="Arbustu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arbustu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kol" title="Kol – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kol" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE" title="গুল্ম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গুল্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D2%A1" title="Ҡыуаҡ – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡыуаҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82" title="Куст – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Куст" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA" title="Хмызьняк – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хмызьняк" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Храст – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Храст" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staud" title="Staud – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Staud" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDbun" title="Žbun – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Žbun" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbust" title="Arbust – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arbust" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95" title="Тĕмĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тĕмĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C5%99" title="Keř – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Keř" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwenzi" title="Gwenzi – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Gwenzi" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busk" title="Busk – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Busk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strauch" title="Strauch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Strauch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B5%C3%B5sas" title="Põõsas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Põõsas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Θάμνος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θάμνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbusto" title="Arbusto – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arbusto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbedo" title="Arbedo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arbedo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuhaixka" title="Zuhaixka – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zuhaixka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%AE%D8%AA%DA%86%D9%87" title="درختچه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درختچه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbrisseau" title="Arbrisseau – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Arbrisseau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strewel" title="Strewel – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Strewel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor" title="Tor – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Tor" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbusto" title="Arbusto – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arbusto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B4%80%EB%AA%A9" title="관목 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="관목" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA" title="क्षुप – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्षुप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grm" title="Grm – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Grm" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbusto" title="Arbusto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Arbusto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdu" title="Perdu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Perdu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D1%82%C3%A6%D1%80" title="Къутæр – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Къутæр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runni" title="Runni – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Runni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbusto" title="Arbusto – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arbusto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%97" title="שיח – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שיח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdu" title="Perdu – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Perdu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ಪೊದರು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೊದರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palungpung" title="Palungpung – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Palungpung" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98" title="ბუჩქი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბუჩქი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D2%B1%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Бұта – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бұта" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kichaka" title="Kichaka – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kichaka" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BCscia" title="Brüscia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Brüscia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frutex" title="Frutex – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Frutex" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C5%ABms" title="Krūms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Krūms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C5%ABmas" title="Krūmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Krūmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cserje" title="Cserje – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cserje" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Грмушка – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Грмушка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF" title="കുറ്റിച്ചെടി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കുറ്റിച്ചെടി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87" title="झुडुपे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="झुडुपे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%95%E1%83%98" title="ბართვი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბართვი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokok_renek" title="Pokok renek – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pokok renek" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯃꯣꯡꯁꯣꯡ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯣꯡꯁꯣꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Struik" title="Struik – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Struik" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="बुट्यान – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बुट्यान" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="स्वांमा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="स्वांमा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%8E%E6%9C%A8" title="低木 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="低木" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Арса – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Арса" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%BCk" title="Strük – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Strük" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busk" title="Busk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Busk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busk" title="Busk – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Busk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbust" title="Arbust – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Arbust" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8B%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Тыгыдер – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Тыгыдер" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buta" title="Buta – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Buta" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9D%E0%A8%BE%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%80" title="ਝਾੜੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਝਾੜੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DA%BE%D8%A7%DA%91%DB%8C" title="جھاڑی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جھاڑی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erborin" title="Erborin – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Erborin" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buschwark" title="Buschwark – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Buschwark" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krzew" title="Krzew – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Krzew" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbusto" title="Arbusto – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arbusto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbust" title="Arbust – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arbust" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thansa" title="Thansa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Thansa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Кустарник – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кустарник" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%BA" title="Сэппэрээк – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сэппэрээк" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B2" title="ᱜᱟᱡᱟᱲ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱟᱡᱟᱲ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buss" title="Buss – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Buss" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shkurrja" title="Shkurrja – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shkurrja" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troffa" title="Troffa – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Troffa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrub" title="Shrub – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Shrub" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ker" title="Ker – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ker" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grmovnica" title="Grmovnica – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Grmovnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95%D9%86" title="دەوەن – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەوەن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Жбун – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жбун" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grm" title="Grm – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Grm" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pensas" title="Pensas – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pensas" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buske" title="Buske – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Buske" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palumpong" title="Palumpong – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Palumpong" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="புதர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="புதர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamdikt" title="Tamdikt – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tamdikt" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Куак – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Куак" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%A6" title="పొద – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పొద" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1" title="ไม้พุ่ม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไม้พุ่ม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Бутта – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бутта" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%9A%E1%8F%A9%E1%8F%B1%E1%8F%A2" title="ᏚᏩᏱᏢ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏚᏩᏱᏢ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87al%C4%B1" title="Çalı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çalı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Куак – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Куак" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%89" title="Кущ – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кущ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faexcaz" title="Faexcaz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Faexcaz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbusto" title="Arbusto – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Arbusto" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A2y_b%E1%BB%A5i" title="Cây bụi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cây bụi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouxhon" title="Bouxhon – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Bouxhon" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ut" title="Ut – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Ut" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palungpuno" title="Palungpuno – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Palungpuno" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%9C%A8" title="灌木 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="灌木" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%9C%A8" title="灌木 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="灌木" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C5%ABms" title="Krūms – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Krūms" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%81%8C%E6%9C%A8" title="灌木 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="灌木" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42295#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Small- to medium-sized perennial wood plant</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the plant. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Shrub_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Shrub (disambiguation)">Shrub (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bushes" redirects here. For the American political family, see <a href="/wiki/Bush_family" title="Bush family">Bush family</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bush_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Bush (disambiguation)">Bush (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/60px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/120px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Shrub" title="Special:EditPage/Shrub">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Shrub%22">"Shrub"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Shrub%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Shrub%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Shrub%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Shrub%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Shrub%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cytisus_scoparius2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Cytisus_scoparius2.jpg/250px-Cytisus_scoparius2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Cytisus_scoparius2.jpg/500px-Cytisus_scoparius2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Cytisus_scoparius" title="Cytisus scoparius">broom</a> shrub in flower</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sheringham_Park_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sheringham_Park_1.JPG/250px-Sheringham_Park_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Sheringham_Park_1.JPG/500px-Sheringham_Park_1.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Rhododendron" title="Rhododendron">rhododendron</a> shrubbery in <a href="/wiki/Sheringham_Park" title="Sheringham Park">Sheringham Park</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>shrub</b> or <b>bush</b> is a small to medium-sized <a href="/wiki/Perennial" title="Perennial">perennial</a> <a href="/wiki/Woody_plant" title="Woody plant">woody plant</a>. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous_plant" title="Herbaceous plant">herbaceous plants</a>, shrubs have persistent woody stems above the ground. Shrubs can be either deciduous or evergreen. They are distinguished from <a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">trees</a> by their multiple <a href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">stems</a> and shorter <a href="/wiki/Height" title="Height">height</a>, less than 6–10&#160;m (20–33&#160;ft) tall.<sup id="cite_ref-LawrenceHawthorne2006_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LawrenceHawthorne2006-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Allaby2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allaby2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Small shrubs, less than 2 metres (6.6 feet) tall are sometimes termed as <a href="/wiki/Subshrub" title="Subshrub">subshrubs</a>. Many <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botanical groups</a> have species that are shrubs, and others that are trees and herbaceous plants instead. </p><p>Some define a shrub as less than 6&#160;m (20&#160;ft) and a tree as over 6 m. Others use 10&#160;m (33&#160;ft) as the cutoff point for classification.<sup id="cite_ref-Allaby2019_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allaby2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Many trees do not reach this mature height because of hostile, less than ideal growing conditions, and resemble shrub-sized plants. Others in such species have the potential to grow taller in ideal conditions. For longevity, most shrubs are classified between <a href="/wiki/Perennial_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Perennial plant">perennials</a> and trees. Some only last about five years in good conditions. Others, usually larger and more woody, live beyond 70. On average, they die after eight years.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Shrubland" title="Shrubland">Shrubland</a> is the natural landscape dominated by various shrubs; there are many distinct types around the world, including <a href="/wiki/Fynbos" title="Fynbos">fynbos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maquis_shrubland" title="Maquis shrubland">maquis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shrub-steppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrub-steppe">shrub-steppe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shrub_swamp" title="Shrub swamp">shrub swamp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moorland" title="Moorland">moorland</a>. In gardens and parks, an area largely dedicated to shrubs (now somewhat less fashionable than a century ago) is called a <a href="/wiki/Shrubbery" title="Shrubbery">shrubbery</a>, shrub border or shrub garden. There are many garden <a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a> of shrubs, bred for flowering, for example <a href="/wiki/Rhododendron" title="Rhododendron">rhododendrons</a>, and sometimes even leaf colour or shape. </p><p>Compared to trees and herbaceous plants, a small number of shrubs have culinary usage.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> Apart from the several <a href="/wiki/Berry" title="Berry">berry</a>-bearing species (using the culinary rather than botanical definition), few are eaten directly, and they are generally too small for much <a href="/wiki/Timber" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber">timber</a> use unlike trees. Those that are used include several perfumed species such as <a href="/wiki/Lavandula_angustifolia" title="Lavandula angustifolia">lavender</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">rose</a>, and a wide range of plants with medicinal uses. <a href="/wiki/Camellia_sinensis" title="Camellia sinensis">Tea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coffea" title="Coffea">coffee</a> are on the tree-shrub boundary;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> they are normally harvested from shrub-sized plants, but these would be large enough to become small trees if left to grow instead. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrub&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shrubs are perennial woody plants, and therefore have persistent woody <a href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">stems</a> above ground (compare with succulent stems of <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous_plant" title="Herbaceous plant">herbaceous plants</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Allaby2019_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allaby2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Usually, shrubs are distinguished from trees by their height and multiple stems. Some shrubs are <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Rhaphiolepis" title="Rhaphiolepis">hawthorn</a>) and others <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Holly" title="Holly">holly</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Allaby2019_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allaby2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greek</a> philosopher <a href="/wiki/Theophrastus" title="Theophrastus">Theophrastus</a> divided the plant world into trees, shrubs and herbs.<sup id="cite_ref-Bremness1994_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bremness1994-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> There is a type of shrub called a shrub of Ham which is very unique. Small, low shrubs, generally less than 2&#160;m (6.6&#160;ft) tall, such as <a href="/wiki/Lavender" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender">lavender</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vinca" title="Vinca">periwinkle</a> and most small garden varieties of <a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">rose</a>, are often termed as <a href="/wiki/Subshrub" title="Subshrub">subshrubs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer1990_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer1990-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most definitions characterize shrubs as possessing multiple stems with no main trunk below.<sup id="cite_ref-Allaby2019_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allaby2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This is because the stems have branched below ground level. There are exceptions to this, with some shrubs having main trunks, but these tend to be very short and divide into multiple stems close to ground level without a reasonable length beforehand. Many trees can grow in multiple stemmed forms also while being tall enough to be trees, such as <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ash_(tree)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash (tree)">ash</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allaby2019_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allaby2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_gardens_and_parks">Use in gardens and parks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrub&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Use in gardens and parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An area of <a href="/wiki/Plant_cultivation" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant cultivation">cultivated</a> shrubs in a <a href="/wiki/Park" title="Park">park</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Garden" title="Garden">garden</a> is known as a <a href="/wiki/Shrubbery" title="Shrubbery">shrubbery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Whitefield2002_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Whitefield2002-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> When clipped as <a href="/wiki/Topiary" title="Topiary">topiary</a>, suitable species or varieties of shrubs develop dense <a href="/wiki/Foliage" class="mw-redirect" title="Foliage">foliage</a> and many small leafy <a href="/wiki/Branch" title="Branch">branches</a> growing close together.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Many shrubs respond well to renewal <a href="/wiki/Pruning" title="Pruning">pruning</a>, in which hard cutting back to a "<a href="/wiki/Living_stump" title="Living stump">stool</a>", removes everything but vital parts of the plant, resulting in long new stems known as "canes".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Other shrubs respond better to selective pruning to dead or unhealthy, or otherwise unattractive parts to reveal their structure and character.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shrubs in common garden practice are generally considered <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">broad-leaved plants</a>, though some smaller <a href="/wiki/Pinophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinophyta">conifers</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Mountain_pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain pine">mountain pine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_juniper" class="mw-redirect" title="Common juniper">common juniper</a> are also shrubby in structure. Species that grow into a shrubby habit may be either <a href="/wiki/Deciduous" title="Deciduous">deciduous</a> or <a href="/wiki/Evergreen" title="Evergreen">evergreen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Botanical_structure">Botanical structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrub&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Botanical structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Shrubland" title="Shrubland">Shrubland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scrub_brush_vegetation_in_south_TX_IMG_6069.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Scrub_brush_vegetation_in_south_TX_IMG_6069.JPG/220px-Scrub_brush_vegetation_in_south_TX_IMG_6069.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Scrub_brush_vegetation_in_south_TX_IMG_6069.JPG/330px-Scrub_brush_vegetation_in_south_TX_IMG_6069.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Scrub_brush_vegetation_in_south_TX_IMG_6069.JPG/440px-Scrub_brush_vegetation_in_south_TX_IMG_6069.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Shrub vegetation (with some <a href="/wiki/Cactus" title="Cactus">cactus</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Webb_County,_Texas" title="Webb County, Texas">Webb County</a>, Texas.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schlehenbusch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Schlehenbusch.jpg/250px-Schlehenbusch.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Schlehenbusch.jpg/330px-Schlehenbusch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Schlehenbusch.jpg/500px-Schlehenbusch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prunus_spinosa" title="Prunus spinosa">Blackthorn shrub</a> (<i>Prunus spinosa</i>) in the <a href="/wiki/Vogelsberg_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Vogelsberg Mountains">Vogelsberg</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hortensie,_blau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Hortensie%2C_blau.jpg/250px-Hortensie%2C_blau.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Hortensie%2C_blau.jpg/330px-Hortensie%2C_blau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Hortensie%2C_blau.jpg/500px-Hortensie%2C_blau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Hydrangea_macrophylla" title="Hydrangea macrophylla">Hydrangea macrophylla</a></i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zaubernuss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Zaubernuss.jpg/250px-Zaubernuss.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Zaubernuss.jpg/330px-Zaubernuss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Zaubernuss.jpg/500px-Zaubernuss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5526" data-file-height="3684" /></a><figcaption>Winter-flowering <a href="/wiki/Witch-hazel" title="Witch-hazel">Witch-hazel</a> (<i>Hamamelis</i>)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Senecio_angulatus_by_the_coast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Senecio_angulatus_by_the_coast.jpg/250px-Senecio_angulatus_by_the_coast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Senecio_angulatus_by_the_coast.jpg/330px-Senecio_angulatus_by_the_coast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Senecio_angulatus_by_the_coast.jpg/500px-Senecio_angulatus_by_the_coast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Senecio_angulatus" title="Senecio angulatus">Senecio angulatus</a></i>, a scrambling shrub by the sea (yellow-flowered).</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">ecology</a>, a shrub is more specifically used to describe the particular <a href="/wiki/Canopy_(biology)" title="Canopy (biology)">physical canopy structure</a> or <a href="/wiki/Plant_life-form" title="Plant life-form">plant life-form</a> of woody plants which are less than 8 metres (26&#160;ft) high and usually multiple stems arising at or near the surface of the ground. For example, a descriptive system widely adopted in <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> is based on structural characteristics based on life-form, plus the height and amount of foliage cover of the tallest layer or <a href="/wiki/Dominance_(ecology)" title="Dominance (ecology)">dominant</a> <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>For shrubs that are 2–8 metres (6.6–26.2&#160;ft) high, the following structural forms are categorized: </p> <ul><li>dense foliage cover (70–100%) — <b>closed-shrubs</b></li> <li>mid-dense foliage cover (30–70%) — <b>open-shrubs</b></li> <li>sparse foliage cover (10–30%) — <b>tall shrubland</b></li> <li>very sparse foliage cover (&lt;10%) — <b>tall open shrubland</b></li></ul> <p>For shrubs less than 2 metres (6.6&#160;ft) high, the following structural forms are categorized: </p> <ul><li>dense foliage cover (70–100%) — <b>closed-<a href="/wiki/Heath_(habitat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heath (habitat)">heath</a></b> or <b>closed low shrubland</b>—(<i>North America</i>)</li> <li>mid-dense foliage cover (30–70%) — <b>open-heath</b> or <b>mid-dense low shrubland</b>—(<i>North America</i>)</li> <li>sparse foliage cover (10–30%) — <b>low shrubland</b></li> <li>very sparse foliage cover (&lt;10%) — <b>low open shrubland</b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List">List</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrub&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: List"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Those marked with * can also develop into tree form if in ideal conditions. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <dl><dt>A</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abelia" title="Abelia">Abelia</a></i> (Abelia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acer_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Acer (plant)">Acer</a></i> (Maple) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Actinidia" title="Actinidia">Actinidia</a></i> (Actinidia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aloe" title="Aloe">Aloe</a></i> (Aloe)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aralia" title="Aralia">Aralia</a></i> (Angelica Tree, <a href="/wiki/Aralia_spinosa" title="Aralia spinosa">Hercules' Club</a>) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arctostaphylos" title="Arctostaphylos">Arctostaphylos</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Bearberry" title="Bearberry">Bearberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manzanita" title="Manzanita">Manzanita</a>) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aronia" title="Aronia">Aronia</a></i> (Chokeberry)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemisia_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemisia (genus)">Artemisia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sagebrush" title="Sagebrush">Sagebrush</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aucuba" title="Aucuba">Aucuba</a></i> (Aucuba)</li></ul> <dl><dt>B</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Berberis" title="Berberis">Berberis</a></i> (Barberry)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bougainvillea" title="Bougainvillea">Bougainvillea</a></i> (Bougainvillea)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brugmansia" title="Brugmansia">Brugmansia</a></i> (Angel's trumpet)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buddleja" title="Buddleja">Buddleja</a></i> (Butterfly bush)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buxus" title="Buxus">Buxus</a></i> (Box) *</li></ul> <dl><dt>C</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Calia" class="mw-redirect" title="Calia">Calia</a></i> (Mescalbean)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Callicarpa" title="Callicarpa">Callicarpa</a></i> (Beautyberry) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Callistemon" title="Callistemon">Callistemon</a></i> (Bottlebrush) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calluna" title="Calluna">Calluna</a></i> (Heather)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calycanthus" title="Calycanthus">Calycanthus</a></i> (Sweetshrub)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Camellia" title="Camellia">Camellia</a></i> (Camellia, <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">Tea</a>) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caragana" title="Caragana">Caragana</a></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pea-tree&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pea-tree (page does not exist)">Pea-tree</a>) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carpenteria" title="Carpenteria">Carpenteria</a></i> (Carpenteria)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caryopteris" title="Caryopteris">Caryopteris</a></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Blue_Spiraea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Blue Spiraea (page does not exist)">Blue Spiraea</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cassiope" title="Cassiope">Cassiope</a></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Moss-heather&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Moss-heather (page does not exist)">Moss-heather</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ceanothus" title="Ceanothus">Ceanothus</a></i> (Ceanothus) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Celastrus" title="Celastrus">Celastrus</a></i> (Staff vine) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ceratostigma" title="Ceratostigma">Ceratostigma</a></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardy_Plumbago&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Hardy Plumbago (page does not exist)">Hardy Plumbago</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cercocarpus" title="Cercocarpus">Cercocarpus</a></i> (Mountain-mahogany) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chaenomeles" title="Chaenomeles">Chaenomeles</a></i> (Japanese Quince)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chamaebatiaria" title="Chamaebatiaria">Chamaebatiaria</a></i> (Fernbush)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chamaedaphne" title="Chamaedaphne">Chamaedaphne</a></i> (Leatherleaf)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chimonanthus" title="Chimonanthus">Chimonanthus</a></i> (Wintersweet)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chionanthus" title="Chionanthus">Chionanthus</a></i> (Fringe-tree) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Choisya" title="Choisya">Choisya</a></i> (Mexican-orange Blossom) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cistus" title="Cistus">Cistus</a></i> (Rockrose)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clerodendrum" title="Clerodendrum">Clerodendrum</a></i> (Clerodendrum)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clethra" title="Clethra">Clethra</a></i> (Summersweet, Pepperbush) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clianthus" title="Clianthus">Clianthus</a></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Glory_Pea&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Glory Pea (page does not exist)">Glory Pea</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colletia" title="Colletia">Colletia</a></i> (Colletia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colutea" title="Colutea">Colutea</a></i> (Bladder Senna)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comptonia_(plant)" title="Comptonia (plant)">Comptonia</a></i> (Sweetfern)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dogwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogwood">Cornus</a></i> (Dogwood) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Corylopsis" title="Corylopsis">Corylopsis</a></i> (Winter-hazel) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cotinus" title="Cotinus">Cotinus</a></i> (Smoketree) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cotoneaster" title="Cotoneaster">Cotoneaster</a></i> (Cotoneaster) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cowania_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cowania (plant)">Cowania</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Cliffrose" class="mw-redirect" title="Cliffrose">Cliffrose</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crataegus" title="Crataegus">Crataegus</a></i> (Hawthorn) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crinodendron" title="Crinodendron">Crinodendron</a></i> (Crinodendron) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cytisus" title="Cytisus">Cytisus</a></i> and allied genera (<a href="/wiki/Broom_(shrub)" class="mw-redirect" title="Broom (shrub)">Broom</a>) *</li></ul> <dl><dt>D</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Daboecia" title="Daboecia">Daboecia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Heath" title="Heath">Heath</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Danae_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Danae (plant)">Danae</a></i> (Alexandrian laurel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Daphne_(plant)" title="Daphne (plant)">Daphne</a></i> (Daphne)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Decaisnea" title="Decaisnea">Decaisnea</a></i> (Decaisnea)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dasiphora" title="Dasiphora">Dasiphora</a></i> (Shrubby Cinquefoil)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dendromecon" title="Dendromecon">Dendromecon</a></i> (Tree poppy)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Desfontainea" class="mw-redirect" title="Desfontainea">Desfontainea</a></i> (Desfontainea)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutzia" title="Deutzia">Deutzia</a></i> (Deutzia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Diervilla" title="Diervilla">Diervilla</a></i> (Bush honeysuckle)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dipelta" title="Dipelta">Dipelta</a></i> (Dipelta)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dirca" title="Dirca">Dirca</a></i> (Leatherwood)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dracaena_(plant)" title="Dracaena (plant)">Dracaena</a></i> (Dragon tree) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Drimys" title="Drimys">Drimys</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Winter%27s_Bark" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter&#39;s Bark">Winter's Bark</a>) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dryas_(plant)" title="Dryas (plant)">Dryas</a></i> (Mountain Avens)</li></ul> <dl><dt>E</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Edgeworthia" title="Edgeworthia">Edgeworthia</a></i> (Paper Bush) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elaeagnus" title="Elaeagnus">Elaeagnus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Elaeagnus" title="Elaeagnus">Elaeagnus</a>) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Embothrium" title="Embothrium">Embothrium</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Chilean_Firebush" class="mw-redirect" title="Chilean Firebush">Chilean Firebush</a>) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Empetrum" title="Empetrum">Empetrum</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Crowberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Crowberry">Crowberry</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Enkianthus" title="Enkianthus">Enkianthus</a></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pagoda_Bush&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pagoda Bush (page does not exist)">Pagoda Bush</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ephedra_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephedra (genus)">Ephedra</a></i> (Ephedra)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epigaea" title="Epigaea">Epigaea</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Trailing_Arbutus" class="mw-redirect" title="Trailing Arbutus">Trailing Arbutus</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erica_(plant)" title="Erica (plant)">Erica</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Heath" title="Heath">Heath</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eriobotrya" title="Eriobotrya">Eriobotrya</a></i> (Loquat) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Escallonia" title="Escallonia">Escallonia</a></i> (Escallonia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eucryphia" title="Eucryphia">Eucryphia</a></i> (Eucryphia) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Euonymus" title="Euonymus">Euonymus</a></i> (Spindle) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exochorda" title="Exochorda">Exochorda</a></i> (Pearl Bush)</li></ul> <dl><dt>F</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fabiana_(plant)" title="Fabiana (plant)">Fabiana</a></i> (Fabiana)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fallugia" title="Fallugia">Fallugia</a></i> (Apache Plume)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fatsia" title="Fatsia">Fatsia</a></i> (Fatsia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Forsythia" title="Forsythia">Forsythia</a></i> (Forsythia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fothergilla" title="Fothergilla">Fothergilla</a></i> (Fothergilla)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Franklinia" title="Franklinia">Franklinia</a></i> (Franklinia) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fremontodendron" title="Fremontodendron">Fremontodendron</a></i> (Flannelbush)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fuchsia" title="Fuchsia">Fuchsia</a></i> (Fuchsia) *</li></ul> <dl><dt>G</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Garrya" title="Garrya">Garrya</a></i> (Silk-tassel) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaultheria" title="Gaultheria">Gaultheria</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Salal" class="mw-redirect" title="Salal">Salal</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gaylussacia" title="Gaylussacia">Gaylussacia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Huckleberry" title="Huckleberry">Huckleberry</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genista" title="Genista">Genista</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Broom_(shrub)" class="mw-redirect" title="Broom (shrub)">Broom</a>) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordonia_(plant)" title="Gordonia (plant)">Gordonia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Loblolly-bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Loblolly-bay">Loblolly-bay</a>) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grevillea" title="Grevillea">Grevillea</a></i> (Grevillea)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Griselinia" title="Griselinia">Griselinia</a></i> (Griselinia) *</li></ul> <dl><dt>H</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hakea" title="Hakea">Hakea</a></i> (Hakea) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Halesia" title="Halesia">Halesia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Silverbell" class="mw-redirect" title="Silverbell">Silverbell</a>) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Halimium" class="mw-redirect" title="Halimium">Halimium</a></i> (Rockrose)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamamelis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamamelis">Hamamelis</a></i> (Witch-hazel) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hebe_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebe (plant)">Hebe</a></i> (Hebe)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hedera" title="Hedera">Hedera</a></i> (Ivy)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Helianthemum" title="Helianthemum">Helianthemum</a></i> (Rockrose)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hibiscus" title="Hibiscus">Hibiscus</a></i> (Hibiscus) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hippophae" title="Hippophae">Hippophae</a></i> (Sea-buckthorn) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hoheria" title="Hoheria">Hoheria</a></i> (Lacebark) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Holodiscus" title="Holodiscus">Holodiscus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Creambush" class="mw-redirect" title="Creambush">Creambush</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudsonia" title="Hudsonia">Hudsonia</a></i> (Hudsonia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hydrangea" title="Hydrangea">Hydrangea</a></i> (Hydrangea)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hypericum" title="Hypericum">Hypericum</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hypericum_calycinum" title="Hypericum calycinum">Rose of Sharon</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyssopus_(plant)" title="Hyssopus (plant)">Hyssopus</a></i> (Hyssop)</li></ul> <dl><dt>I</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ilex" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilex">Ilex</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Holly" title="Holly">Holly</a>) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Illicium" title="Illicium">Illicium</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Star_Anise" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Anise">Star Anise</a>) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indigofera" title="Indigofera">Indigofera</a></i> (Indigo)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Itea_(plant)" title="Itea (plant)">Itea</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sweetspire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweetspire">Sweetspire</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>J</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jamesia" title="Jamesia">Jamesia</a></i> (Cliffbush)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jasminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Jasminum">Jasminum</a></i> (Jasmine)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Juniperus" class="mw-redirect" title="Juniperus">Juniperus</a></i> (Juniper) *</li></ul> <dl><dt>K</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalmia" title="Kalmia">Kalmia</a></i> (Mountain-laurel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kerria_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerria (plant)">Kerria</a></i> (Kerria)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kolkwitzia" title="Kolkwitzia">Kolkwitzia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Beautybush" class="mw-redirect" title="Beautybush">Beauty-bush</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>L</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lagerstroemia" title="Lagerstroemia">Lagerstroemia</a></i> (Crape-myrtle) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lapageria" title="Lapageria">Lapageria</a></i> (Copihue)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lantana" title="Lantana">Lantana</a></i> (Lantana)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lavandula" title="Lavandula">Lavandula</a></i> (Lavender)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lavatera" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavatera">Lavatera</a></i> (Tree Mallow)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ledum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ledum">Ledum</a></i> (Ledum)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leitneria" title="Leitneria">Leitneria</a></i> (Corkwood) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lespedeza" title="Lespedeza">Lespedeza</a></i> (Bush Clover) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leptospermum" title="Leptospermum">Leptospermum</a></i> (Manuka) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leucothoe_(plant)" title="Leucothoe (plant)">Leucothoe</a></i> (Doghobble)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leycesteria" title="Leycesteria">Leycesteria</a></i> (Leycesteria)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ligustrum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligustrum">Ligustrum</a></i> (Privet) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lindera" title="Lindera">Lindera</a></i> (Spicebush) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Linnaea" title="Linnaea">Linnaea</a></i> (Twinflower)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lonicera" class="mw-redirect" title="Lonicera">Lonicera</a></i> (Honeysuckle)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lupinus" title="Lupinus">Lupinus</a></i> (Tree Lupin)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lycium" title="Lycium">Lycium</a></i> (Boxthorn)</li></ul> <dl><dt>M</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Magnolia" title="Magnolia">Magnolia</a></i> (Magnolia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mahonia" title="Mahonia">Mahonia</a></i> (Mahonia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malpighia" title="Malpighia">Malpighia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Acerola" class="mw-redirect" title="Acerola">Acerola</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Menispermum" title="Menispermum">Menispermum</a></i> (Moonseed)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Menziesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Menziesia">Menziesia</a></i> (Menziesia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mespilus" title="Mespilus">Mespilus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Medlar" class="mw-redirect" title="Medlar">Medlar</a>) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microcachrys" title="Microcachrys">Microcachrys</a></i> (Microcachrys)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myrica" title="Myrica">Myrica</a></i> (Bayberry) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myricaria" title="Myricaria">Myricaria</a></i> (Myricaria)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myrtus" title="Myrtus">Myrtus</a></i> and allied genera (Myrtle) *</li></ul> <dl><dt>N</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Neillia" title="Neillia">Neillia</a></i> (Neillia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nerium" title="Nerium">Nerium</a></i> (Oleander)</li></ul> <dl><dt>O</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Olearia" title="Olearia">Olearia</a></i> (Daisy bush) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Osmanthus" title="Osmanthus">Osmanthus</a></i> (Osmanthus)</li></ul> <dl><dt>P</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pachysandra" title="Pachysandra">Pachysandra</a></i> (Pachysandra)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peony" title="Peony">Paeonia</a></i> (Tree-peony)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Persoonia" title="Persoonia">Persoonia</a></i> (Geebungs)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philadelphus" title="Philadelphus">Philadelphus</a></i> (Mock orange) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phlomis" title="Phlomis">Phlomis</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Sage" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Sage">Jerusalem Sage</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Photinia" title="Photinia">Photinia</a></i> (Photinia) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Physocarpus" title="Physocarpus">Physocarpus</a></i> (Ninebark) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pieris_(plant)" title="Pieris (plant)">Pieris</a></i> (Pieris)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pistacia" title="Pistacia">Pistacia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">Pistachio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pistacia_lentiscus" title="Pistacia lentiscus">Mastic</a>) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pittosporum" title="Pittosporum">Pittosporum</a></i> (Pittosporum) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plumbago" title="Plumbago">Plumbago</a></i> (Leadwort)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polygala" title="Polygala">Polygala</a></i> (Milkwort)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poncirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Poncirus">Poncirus</a></i> *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prunus" title="Prunus">Prunus</a></i> (Cherry) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purshia" title="Purshia">Purshia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Antelope_Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="Antelope Bush">Antelope Bush</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pyracantha" title="Pyracantha">Pyracantha</a></i> (Firethorn)</li></ul> <dl><dt>Q</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Quassia" title="Quassia">Quassia</a></i> (Quassia) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">Quercus</a></i> (Oak) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quillaja" title="Quillaja">Quillaja</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Quillay" class="mw-redirect" title="Quillay">Quillay</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quintinia" title="Quintinia">Quintinia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Tawheowheo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tawheowheo">Tawheowheo</a>) *</li></ul> <dl><dt>R</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Buckthorn" class="mw-redirect" title="Buckthorn">Rhamnus</a></i> (Buckthorn) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhododendron" title="Rhododendron">Rhododendron</a></i> (Rhododendron, <a href="/wiki/Azalea" title="Azalea">Azalea</a>) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhus">Rhus</a></i> (Sumac) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ribes" title="Ribes">Ribes</a></i> (Currant, Gooseberry)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romneya" title="Romneya">Romneya</a></i> (Tree poppy)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rose" title="Rose">Rosa</a></i> (Rose)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosmarinus" title="Rosmarinus">Rosmarinus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">Rosemary</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rubus" title="Rubus">Rubus</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Bramble" class="mw-redirect" title="Bramble">Bramble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">Raspberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salmonberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmonberry">Salmonberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rubus_phoenicolasius" title="Rubus phoenicolasius">Wineberry</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ruta" title="Ruta">Ruta</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Rue" class="mw-redirect" title="Rue">Rue</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>S</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sabia_(plant)" title="Sabia (plant)">Sabia</a></i> *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salix" class="mw-redirect" title="Salix">Salix</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Willow" title="Willow">Willow</a>) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salvia" title="Salvia">Salvia</a></i> (Sage)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sambucus" title="Sambucus">Sambucus</a></i> (Elder) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Santolina" title="Santolina">Santolina</a></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lavender_Cotton&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lavender Cotton (page does not exist)">Lavender Cotton</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sapindus" title="Sapindus">Sapindus</a></i> (Soapberry) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senecio" title="Senecio">Senecio</a></i> (Senecio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jojoba" title="Jojoba">Simmondsia</a></i> (Jojoba)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skimmia" title="Skimmia">Skimmia</a></i> (Skimmia)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Smilax" title="Smilax">Smilax</a></i> (Smilax)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sophora" title="Sophora">Sophora</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dwhai" title="Kōwhai">Kōwhai</a>) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sorbaria" title="Sorbaria">Sorbaria</a></i> (Sorbaria)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spartium" title="Spartium">Spartium</a></i> (Spanish Broom)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spiraea" title="Spiraea">Spiraea</a></i> (Spiraea) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Staphylea" title="Staphylea">Staphylea</a></i> (Bladdernut) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stephanandra" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephanandra">Stephanandra</a></i> (Stephanandra)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Styrax" title="Styrax">Styrax</a></i> *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Symphoricarpos" title="Symphoricarpos">Symphoricarpos</a></i> (Snowberry)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Syringa" title="Syringa">Syringa</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Lilac" class="mw-redirect" title="Lilac">Lilac</a>) *</li></ul> <dl><dt>T</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tamarix" title="Tamarix">Tamarix</a></i> (Tamarix) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taxus" title="Taxus">Taxus</a></i> (Yew) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Waratah" title="Waratah">Telopea</a></i> (Waratah) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thuja" title="Thuja">Thuja</a></i> cvs. (Arborvitae) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thymelaea" title="Thymelaea">Thymelaea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thymus</a></i> (Thyme)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trochodendron" title="Trochodendron">Trochodendron</a></i> *</li></ul> <dl><dt>U</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ulex" title="Ulex">Ulex</a></i> (Gorse)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ulmus_pumila_celer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ulmus pumila celer (page does not exist)">Ulmus pumila celer</a></i> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Turkestan_elm_%E2%80%93_Wonder_Hedge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Turkestan elm – Wonder Hedge (page does not exist)">Turkestan elm – Wonder Hedge</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ungnadia" title="Ungnadia">Ungnadia</a></i> (Mexican Buckeye)</li></ul> <dl><dt>V</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Vaccinium" title="Vaccinium">Vaccinium</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Bilberry" title="Bilberry">Bilberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blueberry" title="Blueberry">Blueberry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cranberry" title="Cranberry">Cranberry</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Verbesina_centroboyacana" title="Verbesina centroboyacana">Verbesina centroboyacana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vervain" class="mw-redirect" title="Vervain">Verbena</a></i> (Vervain)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viburnum" title="Viburnum">Viburnum</a></i> (Viburnum) *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vinca" title="Vinca">Vinca</a></i> (Periwinkle)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viscum" title="Viscum">Viscum</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Mistletoe" title="Mistletoe">Mistletoe</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt>W</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Weigela" title="Weigela">Weigela</a></i> (Weigela)</li></ul> <dl><dt>X</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Xanthoceras" title="Xanthoceras">Xanthoceras</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xanthorhiza" title="Xanthorhiza">Xanthorhiza</a></i> (Yellowroot)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xylosma" title="Xylosma">Xylosma</a></i></li></ul> <dl><dt>Y</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yucca" title="Yucca">Yucca</a></i> (Yucca, <a href="/wiki/Yucca_brevifolia" title="Yucca brevifolia">Joshua tree</a>) *</li></ul> <dl><dt>Z</dt></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum" title="Zanthoxylum">Zanthoxylum</a></i> *</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zauschneria" class="mw-redirect" title="Zauschneria">Zauschneria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zenobia_(plant)" title="Zenobia (plant)">Zenobia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ziziphus" title="Ziziphus">Ziziphus</a></i> *</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shrub&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LawrenceHawthorne2006-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LawrenceHawthorne2006_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLawrenceHawthorne2006" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Anna; Hawthorne, William (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rHEpVBM5-eIC&amp;pg=PA138"><i>Plant Identification: Creating User-friendly Field Guides for Biodiversity Management</i></a>. Routledge. pp.&#160;138–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84407-079-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84407-079-4"><bdi>978-1-84407-079-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Plant+Identification%3A+Creating+User-friendly+Field+Guides+for+Biodiversity+Management&amp;rft.pages=138-&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84407-079-4&amp;rft.aulast=Lawrence&amp;rft.aufirst=Anna&amp;rft.au=Hawthorne%2C+William&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrHEpVBM5-eIC%26pg%3DPA138&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShrub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allaby2019-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Allaby2019_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allaby2019_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allaby2019_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allaby2019_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allaby2019_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allaby2019_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllaby2019" class="citation book cs1">Allaby, Michael (2019). <i>A dictionary of plant sciences</i>. Oxford Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198833338" title="Special:BookSources/9780198833338"><bdi>9780198833338</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1097073225">1097073225</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+dictionary+of+plant+sciences&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1097073225&amp;rft.isbn=9780198833338&amp;rft.aulast=Allaby&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShrub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://temeculalandscapeconstruction.com/life-spans-of-small-trees-and-shrubs/">"Life Spans of Small Trees and Shrubs"</a>. <i>McCabe's Landscape Construction</i>. 2014-02-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=McCabe%27s+Landscape+Construction&amp;rft.atitle=Life+Spans+of+Small+Trees+and+Shrubs&amp;rft.date=2014-02-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftemeculalandscapeconstruction.com%2Flife-spans-of-small-trees-and-shrubs%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShrub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClayton2021" class="citation web cs1">Clayton, Liz (20 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sprudge.com/is-the-coffee-plant-a-tree-bush-or-shrub-181869.html">"Is The Coffee Plant A Tree, Bush, Or Shrub?"</a>. <i>sprudge.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=sprudge.com&amp;rft.atitle=Is+The+Coffee+Plant+A+Tree%2C+Bush%2C+Or+Shrub%3F&amp;rft.date=2021-10-20&amp;rft.aulast=Clayton&amp;rft.aufirst=Liz&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsprudge.com%2Fis-the-coffee-plant-a-tree-bush-or-shrub-181869.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShrub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bremness1994-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bremness1994_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBremness1994" class="citation book cs1">Bremness, Lesley (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VqfnrH-W2kwC"><i>The complete book of herbs</i></a>. Viking Studio Books. p.&#160;8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780140238020" title="Special:BookSources/9780140238020"><bdi>9780140238020</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+complete+book+of+herbs&amp;rft.pages=8&amp;rft.pub=Viking+Studio+Books&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=9780140238020&amp;rft.aulast=Bremness&amp;rft.aufirst=Lesley&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVqfnrH-W2kwC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShrub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer1990-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fischer1990_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFischer1990" class="citation book cs1">Fischer, Peggy (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QuLtawHEsJMC"><i>Essential shrubs: the 100 best for design and cultivation</i></a>. Friedman/Fairfax Publishers. pp.&#160;9–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56799-319-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56799-319-6"><bdi>978-1-56799-319-6</bdi></a>. <q>... Examples of subshrubs include candytuft, lavender, and rosemary. These broad definitions are ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Essential+shrubs%3A+the+100+best+for+design+and+cultivation&amp;rft.pages=9-&amp;rft.pub=Friedman%2FFairfax+Publishers&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-56799-319-6&amp;rft.aulast=Fischer&amp;rft.aufirst=Peggy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQuLtawHEsJMC&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShrub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldoffloweringplants.com/subshrub/">"What is a Subshrub?"</a>. <i>World of Flowering Plants</i>. 2017-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=World+of+Flowering+Plants&amp;rft.atitle=What+is+a+Subshrub%3F&amp;rft.date=2017-05-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldoffloweringplants.com%2Fsubshrub%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShrub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whitefield2002-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Whitefield2002_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhitefield2002" class="citation book cs1">Whitefield, Patrick (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3rd3e69BnC8C&amp;pg=PA113"><i>How to Make a Forest Garden</i></a>. Permanent Publications. pp.&#160;113–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85623-008-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85623-008-7"><bdi>978-1-85623-008-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=How+to+Make+a+Forest+Garden&amp;rft.pages=113-&amp;rft.pub=Permanent+Publications&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-85623-008-7&amp;rft.aulast=Whitefield&amp;rft.aufirst=Patrick&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3rd3e69BnC8C%26pg%3DPA113&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShrub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVarkulevicius2010" class="citation book cs1">Varkulevicius, Jane (17 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a93TcRVsqLwC&amp;q=topiary+pruning+dense+foliage&amp;pg=PA100"><i>Pruning for Flowers and Fruit</i></a>. Csiro Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780643101975" title="Special:BookSources/9780643101975"><bdi>9780643101975</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2017</span> &#8211; via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Pruning+for+Flowers+and+Fruit&amp;rft.pub=Csiro+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2010-05-17&amp;rft.isbn=9780643101975&amp;rft.aulast=Varkulevicius&amp;rft.aufirst=Jane&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da93TcRVsqLwC%26q%3Dtopiary%2Bpruning%2Bdense%2Bfoliage%26pg%3DPA100&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShrub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://organicplantcarellc.com/rejuvenation-or-renewal-pruning-to-restore-overgrown-shrubs/">"Rejuvenation or Renewal Pruning to Restore Overgrown Shrubs"</a>. <i>Organic Plant Care LLC | Organic Lawn &amp; Plant Health Service in Hunterdon, Morris, Somerset &amp; Union Counties, NJ and Bucks County, PA</i>. 2019-02-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Organic+Plant+Care+LLC+%7C+Organic+Lawn+%26+Plant+Health+Service+in+Hunterdon%2C+Morris%2C+Somerset+%26+Union+Counties%2C+NJ+and+Bucks+County%2C+PA&amp;rft.atitle=Rejuvenation+or+Renewal+Pruning+to+Restore+Overgrown+Shrubs&amp;rft.date=2019-02-21&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forganicplantcarellc.com%2Frejuvenation-or-renewal-pruning-to-restore-overgrown-shrubs%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShrub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTurpin2018" class="citation web cs1">Turpin, Jason (2018-08-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.turpinlandscapedesign.com/what-is-selective-tree-and-shrub-pruning-landscape-experts-answer-your-questions/">"What is Selective Tree and Shrub Pruning-How to Prune Correctly!"</a>. <i>Turpin Landscape Design/Build</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Turpin+Landscape+Design%2FBuild&amp;rft.atitle=What+is+Selective+Tree+and+Shrub+Pruning-How+to+Prune+Correctly%21&amp;rft.date=2018-08-29&amp;rft.aulast=Turpin&amp;rft.aufirst=Jason&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.turpinlandscapedesign.com%2Fwhat-is-selective-tree-and-shrub-pruning-landscape-experts-answer-your-questions%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShrub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElliott2008" class="citation book cs1">Elliott, Franklin Reuben (1 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vlDxSBGB0cYC&amp;q=shrub+deciduous+or+evergreen"><i>Popular Deciduous and Evergreen Trees and Shrubs</i></a>. Applewood Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781429012904" title="Special:BookSources/9781429012904"><bdi>9781429012904</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2017</span> &#8211; via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Popular+Deciduous+and+Evergreen+Trees+and+Shrubs&amp;rft.pub=Applewood+Books&amp;rft.date=2008-11-01&amp;rft.isbn=9781429012904&amp;rft.aulast=Elliott&amp;rft.aufirst=Franklin+Reuben&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvlDxSBGB0cYC%26q%3Dshrub%2Bdeciduous%2Bor%2Bevergreen&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShrub" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chris Paul (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shrubradar.com/best-evergreen-shrubs-for-the-front-of-your-house">The Best Evergreen Shrubs for Front Yards</a>. Shrubs Radar, a website all about shrubs.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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title="Astrobotany">Astrobotany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryology" title="Bryology">Bryology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dendrology" title="Dendrology">Dendrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnobotany" title="Ethnobotany">Ethnobotany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleobotany" title="Paleobotany">Paleobotany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phycology" title="Phycology">Phycology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytochemistry" title="Phytochemistry">Phytochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytogeography" title="Phytogeography">Phytogeography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geobotanical_prospecting" title="Geobotanical prospecting">Geobotany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_anatomy" title="Plant anatomy">Plant anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_ecology" title="Plant ecology">Plant ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_intelligence" title="Plant intelligence">Plant intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_pathology" title="Plant pathology">Plant pathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_physiology" title="Plant physiology">Plant physiology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plant</a> groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algae" title="Algae">Algae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeplastida" title="Archaeplastida">Archaeplastida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryophyte" title="Bryophyte">Bryophyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-vascular_plant" title="Non-vascular plant">Non-vascular plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Vascular plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fern" title="Fern">Fern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycophyte" title="Lycophyte">Lycophyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spermatophyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Spermatophyte">Spermatophytes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">Gymnosperm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_anatomy" title="Plant anatomy">Plant anatomy</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_morphology" title="Plant morphology">Plant morphology</a><br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_plant_morphology" title="Glossary of plant morphology">glossary</a>)</span></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_cell" title="Plant cell">Plant cells</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cell_wall" title="Cell wall">Cell wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phragmoplast" title="Phragmoplast">Phragmoplast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastid" title="Plastid">Plastid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasmodesma" title="Plasmodesma">Plasmodesma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuole" title="Vacuole">Vacuole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tissue_(biology)" title="Tissue (biology)">Tissues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_cambium" title="Cork cambium">Cork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ground_tissue" title="Ground tissue">Ground tissue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaf#Mesophyll" title="Leaf">Mesophyll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meristem" title="Meristem">Meristem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_organ" title="Storage organ">Storage organs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_tissue" title="Vascular tissue">Vascular tissue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_bundle" title="Vascular bundle">Vascular bundle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood" title="Wood">Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%">Vegetative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulb" title="Bulb">Bulb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root" title="Root">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizoid" title="Rhizoid">Rhizoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhizome" title="Rhizome">Rhizome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoot_(botany)" title="Shoot (botany)">Shoot</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bud" title="Bud">Bud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaf" title="Leaf">Leaf</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cataphyll" title="Cataphyll">Cataphyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petiole_(botany)" title="Petiole (botany)">Petiole</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sessility_(botany)" title="Sessility (botany)">Sessility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_stem" title="Plant stem">Stem</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_reproductive_morphology" title="Plant reproductive morphology">Reproductive</a><br />(incl. Flower)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archegonium" title="Archegonium">Archegonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antheridium" title="Antheridium">Antheridium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">Androecium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pollen" title="Pollen">Pollen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">Stamen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anther" class="mw-redirect" title="Anther">Anther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stamen#Morphology_and_terminology" title="Stamen">Filament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staminode" title="Staminode">Staminode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapetum_(botany)" title="Tapetum (botany)">Tapetum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">Flower</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aestivation_(botany)" title="Aestivation (botany)">Aestivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_model_of_flower_development" title="ABC model of flower development">Flower development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_diagram" title="Floral diagram">Floral diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_formula" title="Floral formula">Floral formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floral_symmetry" title="Floral symmetry">Floral symmetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whorl_(botany)" title="Whorl (botany)">Whorl</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">Fruit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruit anatomy">Anatomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_(botany)" title="Berry (botany)">Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsule_(fruit)" title="Capsule (fruit)">Capsule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrena" title="Pyrena">Pyrena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">Seed</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seed_dispersal" title="Seed dispersal">Dispersal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endosperm" title="Endosperm">Endosperm</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gametophyte" title="Gametophyte">Gametophyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_(botany)" title="Column (botany)">Gynandrium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynoecium" title="Gynoecium">Gynoecium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carpel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpel">Carpel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ovary_(botany)" title="Ovary (botany)">Ovary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Locule" title="Locule">Locule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovule" title="Ovule">Ovule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stigma_(botany)" title="Stigma (botany)">Stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Style_(botany)" title="Style (botany)">Style</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypanthium" title="Hypanthium">Hypanthium (Floral cup)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">Inflorescence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bract" title="Bract">Bract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedicel_(botany)" title="Pedicel (botany)">Pedicellate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raceme" title="Raceme">Raceme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbel" title="Umbel">Umbel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perianth" title="Perianth">Perianth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tepal" title="Tepal">Tepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petal" title="Petal">Petal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepal" title="Sepal">Sepal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryo#Plant_embryos" title="Embryo">Plant embryo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Receptacle_(botany)" title="Receptacle (botany)">Receptacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporophyll" title="Sporophyll">Sporophyll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporophyte" title="Sporophyte">Sporophyte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #D4EED4;;width:1%">Surface structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_cuticle" title="Plant cuticle">Cuticle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epicuticular_wax" title="Epicuticular wax">Epicuticular wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidermis_(botany)" title="Epidermis (botany)">Epidermis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectar" title="Nectar">Nectar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoma" title="Stoma">Stoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorns,_spines,_and_prickles" title="Thorns, spines, and prickles">Thorns, spines, and prickles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trichome" title="Trichome">Trichome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_physiology" title="Plant physiology">Plant physiology</a><br />Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aleurone" title="Aleurone">Aleurone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apical_dominance" title="Apical dominance">Apical dominance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulk_movement" title="Bulk movement">Bulk flow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellulose" title="Cellulose">Cellulose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_nutrition" title="Plant nutrition">Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photosynthesis" title="Photosynthesis">Photosynthesis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chlorophyll" title="Chlorophyll">Chlorophyll</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytomelanin" title="Phytomelanin">Phytomelanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_hormone" title="Plant hormone">Plant hormones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_system#Plants" title="Respiratory system">Respiration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gas_exchange#Plants" title="Gas exchange">Gas Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_respiration" title="Cellular respiration">Cellular respiration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sap" title="Sap">Sap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starch" title="Starch">Starch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transpiration" title="Transpiration">Transpiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turgor_pressure" title="Turgor pressure">Turgor pressure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%">Plant growth<br />and habit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Habit_(biology)#Structure" title="Habit (biology)">Habit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cushion_plant" title="Cushion plant">Cushion plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosette_(botany)" title="Rosette (botany)">Rosettes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shrubs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prostrate_shrub" title="Prostrate shrub">Prostrate shrubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subshrub" title="Subshrub">Subshrubs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succulent_plant" title="Succulent plant">Succulent plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree" title="Tree">Trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vine" title="Vine">Vines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liana" title="Liana">Lianas</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbaceous_plant" title="Herbaceous plant">Herbaceous plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_growth" title="Secondary growth">Secondary growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_plant" title="Woody plant">Woody plants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_reproduction" title="Plant reproduction">Reproduction</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_evolution" title="Plant evolution">Evolution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Plant_ecology" title="Plant ecology">Ecology</a></li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternation_of_generations" title="Alternation of generations">Alternation of generations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_fertilization" title="Double fertilization">Double fertilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_evolutionary_developmental_biology" title="Plant evolutionary developmental biology">Evolutionary development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_history_of_plants" title="Evolutionary history of plants">Evolutionary history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_plant_evolution" title="Timeline of plant evolution">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora" title="Flora">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germination" title="Germination">Germination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollination" title="Pollination">Pollination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_pollination" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial pollination">Artificial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollinator" title="Pollinator">Pollinators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pollen_tube" title="Pollen tube">Pollen tube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-pollination" title="Self-pollination">Self</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporangium" title="Sporangium">Sporangium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsporangia" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsporangia">Microsporangia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microspore" title="Microspore">Microspore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sporangium" title="Sporangium">Megasporangium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Megaspore" title="Megaspore">Megaspore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spore" title="Spore">Spore</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plant_taxonomy" title="Plant taxonomy">Plant taxonomy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Biological classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_nomenclature" title="Botanical nomenclature">Botanical nomenclature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_name" title="Botanical name">Botanical name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correct_name" title="Correct name">Correct name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Author_citation_(botany)" title="Author citation (botany)">Author citation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae,_fungi,_and_plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants">International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_Cultivated_Plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants">ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultivated_plant_taxonomy" title="Cultivated plant taxonomy">Cultivated plant taxonomy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_taxonomy" title="Citrus taxonomy">Citrus taxonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultigen" title="Cultigen">Cultigen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">Cultivar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultivar_group" title="Cultivar group">Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grex_(horticulture)" title="Grex (horticulture)">Grex</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_plant_systematics" title="History of plant systematics">History of plant systematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbarium" title="Herbarium">Herbarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Plant_Taxonomy" title="International Association for Plant Taxonomy">International Association for Plant Taxonomy</a> (IAPT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_systems_of_plant_taxonomy" title="List of systems of plant taxonomy">Plant taxonomy systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomic_rank" title="Taxonomic rank">Taxonomic rank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%">Practice</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agronomy" title="Agronomy">Agronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriculture" title="Floriculture">Floriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">Horticulture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytochemical" title="Phytochemical">Phytochemical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C3EEC3;;width:1%"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Lists</li><li>Related topics</li></ul></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_botanical_terms" title="Glossary of botanical terms">Botanical terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanists" title="List of botanists">Botanists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanists_by_author_abbreviation_(W%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of botanists by author abbreviation (W–Z)">by author abbreviation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_expeditions" title="Botanical expeditions">Botanical expeditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_individual_trees" title="List of individual trees">Individual trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_plants" title="Lists of plants">Plants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #C3EEC3;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" 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data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>109 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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