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href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.br"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Lanv Atom evit Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:Kemmo%C3%B9Diwezha%C3%B1&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Gwer_liv rootpage-Gwer_liv skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Mont d’an endalc’had</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lec'hienn"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" 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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Meuziad pennañ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mont d’ar varrenn gostez</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">kuzhat</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Merdeiñ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Degemer" title="Diskouez ar Bajenn bennañ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Degemer</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dibar:Kemmo%C3%B9Diwezha%C3%B1" title="Roll ar c'hemmoù diwezhañ c'hoarvezet war ar wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Kemmoù diwezhañ</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dibar:DreZegouezh" title="Diskwel ur bajenn dre zegouezh [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Ur bajenn dre zegouezh</span></a></li><li id="n-Meneger-hollek" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dibar:AnHollBajenno%C3%B9"><span>Meneger hollek</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Kemer_perzh" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Kemer_perzh" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Kemer perzh </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Skoazell."><span>Skoazell</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Porched_ar_gumuniezh" title="Diwar-benn ar raktres, ar pezh a c'hallit ober, pelec'h kavout an traoù"><span>Porched ar gumuniezh</span></a></li><li id="n-Tavarn" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kumuniezh/An_davarn"><span>Tavarn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Degemer" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-br.svg" width="119" height="13" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Dibar:Klask" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Klaskit er wiki-mañ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Klask</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Klask e Wikipedia" aria-label="Klask e Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Klaskit er wiki-mañ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Dibar:Klask"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Klask</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Ostilhoù personel"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Neuz"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Neuz" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Neuz</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_br.wikipedia.org&uselang=br" class=""><span>Reiñ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:Kroui%C3%B1Kont&returnto=Gwer+%28liv%29" title="Erbedet eo deoc'h krouiñ ur gont ha kevreañ ; n'eo ket ret koulskoude." class=""><span>Krouiñ ur gont</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:Kevrea%C3%B1Implijer&returnto=Gwer+%28liv%29" title="Daoust ma n'eo ket ret, ec'h aliomp deoc'h kevreañ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Kevreañ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Muioc'h a zibaboù" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ostilhoù personel" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ostilhoù personel</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Lañser implijer" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_br.wikipedia.org&uselang=br"><span>Reiñ</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dibar:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Kemer perzh</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:Kroui%C3%B1Kont&returnto=Gwer+%28liv%29" title="Erbedet eo deoc'h krouiñ ur gont ha kevreañ ; n'eo ket ret koulskoude."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Krouiñ ur gont</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:Kevrea%C3%B1Implijer&returnto=Gwer+%28liv%29" title="Daoust ma n'eo ket ret, ec'h aliomp deoc'h kevreañ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Kevreañ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pajennoù evit implijerien digevreet <a href="/wiki/Skoazell:Introduction" aria-label="Gouzout hiroc’h a-zivout degas kemmoù"><span>gouzout hiroc'h</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dibar:MaC%27haozeadenno%C3%B9" title="Kaozeadennoù diwar-benn ar c'hemmoù graet adal ar chomlec'h-mañ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Kaozeal</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lec'hienn"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Taolenn" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Taolenn</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mont d’ar varrenn gostez</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">kuzhat</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Deroù</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Yezh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yezh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Yezh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yezh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-En_natur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#En_natur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>En natur</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-En_natur-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Diskwel/kuzhat isrann En natur</span> </button> <ul id="toc-En_natur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Plant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Plant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Loened" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Loened"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Loened</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Loened-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mein" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mein"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Mein</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mein-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fardañ_hag_implijout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fardañ_hag_implijout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fardañ hag implijout</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fardañ_hag_implijout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arlivioù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arlivioù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Arlivioù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arlivioù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Istor</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istor-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Diskwel/kuzhat isrann Istor</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Henamzer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Henamzer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Henamzer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Henamzer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Krennamzer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Krennamzer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Krennamzer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Krennamzer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amzer_arnevez" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amzer_arnevez"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Amzer arnevez</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amzer_arnevez-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bannieloù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bannieloù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bannieloù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bannieloù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-En_arzoù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#En_arzoù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>En arzoù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-En_arzoù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mammennoù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mammennoù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Mammennoù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mammennoù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liammoù_diavaez" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liammoù_diavaez"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Liammoù diavaez</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liammoù_diavaez-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pennadoù_kar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pennadoù_kar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Pennadoù kar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pennadoù_kar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notennoù" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notennoù"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notennoù</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notennoù-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Taolenn" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gwintañ an daolenn" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gwintañ an daolenn</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gwer (liv)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mont d’ur pennad en ur yezh all. 169 yezh a zo." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-169" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">169 yezh</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groen" title="Groen – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Groen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%A8%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%93%E1%8B%B4" title="አረንጓዴ – amhareg" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አረንጓዴ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verde" title="Verde – aragoneg" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Verde" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%93ne" title="Grēne – hensaozneg" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Grēne" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="hensaozneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="हरा – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="हरा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1" title="أخضر – arabeg" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أخضر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9D%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%A9%DC%90" title="ܝܪܘܩܐ – arameeg" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܝܪܘܩܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1_(%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86)" title="اخضر (لون) – arabeg Egipt" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اخضر (لون)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabeg Egipt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verde" title="Verde – asturianeg" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Verde" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D1%83%D1%80%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%BA%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80" title="ГӀурччинаб кьер – avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀурччинаб кьер" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0" title="हरेर – awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="हरेर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%27ux%C3%B1a" title="Ch'uxña – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ch'uxña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C5%9F%C4%B1l" title="Yaşıl – azerbaidjaneg" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yaşıl" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%84" title="یاشیل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یاشیل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%99%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Йәшел – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Йәшел" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijo" title="Ijo – balineg" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Ijo" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balineg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grea" title="Grea – bavarieg" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Grea" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDal%C4%97" title="Žalė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Žalė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Зялёны колер – belaruseg" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зялёны колер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Зялёны колер – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Зялёны колер" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%86%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Зелен цвят – bulgareg" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Зелен цвят" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijau" title="Hijau – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Hijau" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C" title="সবুজ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সবুজ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%97%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ལྗང་ཁུ། – tibetaneg" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལྗང་ཁུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelena" title="Zelena – bosneg" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zelena" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verd" title="Verd – katalaneg" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Verd" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C5%8Fh-s%C3%A1ik" title="Luŏh-sáik – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Luŏh-sáik" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Баьццара бос – tchetcheneg" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Баьццара бос" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tchetcheneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betde" title="Betde – chamorru" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Betde" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%88%D8%B2" title="سەوز – kurdeg sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەوز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdeg sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelen%C3%A1" title="Zelená – tchekeg" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zelená" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchekeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%81_%D1%82%C4%95%D1%81" title="Симĕс тĕс – tchouvatch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Симĕс тĕс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvatch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwyrdd" title="Gwyrdd – kembraeg" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gwyrdd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kembraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B8n" title="Grøn – daneg" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grøn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCn" title="Grün – alamaneg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grün" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alamaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="हरियो – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="हरियो" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Πράσινο – gresianeg" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πράσινο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green" title="Green – saozneg" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Green" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="saozneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdo" title="Verdo – esperanteg" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Verdo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verde" title="Verde – spagnoleg" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Verde" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnoleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roheline" title="Roheline – estoneg" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Roheline" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berde" title="Berde – euskareg" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Berde" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="euskareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdi" title="Verdi – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Verdi" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="سبز – perseg" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سبز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vihre%C3%A4" title="Vihreä – finneg" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vihreä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohilin%C3%B5" title="Rohilinõ – voroeg" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Rohilinõ" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="voroeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vert" title="Vert – galleg" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vert" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="galleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green" title="Green – frizeg an Norzh" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Green" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frizeg an Norzh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vert" title="Vert – frioulaneg" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Vert" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="frioulaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grien" title="Grien – frizeg ar Cʼhornôg" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Grien" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizeg ar Cʼhornôg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glas" title="Glas – iwerzhoneg" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Glas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iwerzhoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verde" title="Verde – galizeg" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Verde" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galizeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hovy%C5%A9" title="Hovyũ – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hovyũ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%8B" title="લીલો – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લીલો" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wuit%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Wuitüsü – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Wuitüsü" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wayuunaiki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kore" title="Kore – haousa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kore" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haousa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu%CC%8Dk-set" title="Liu̍k-set – sinaeg Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Liu̍k-set" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="sinaeg Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BB%C5%8Dma%CA%BBoma%CA%BBo" title="ʻōmaʻomaʻo – hawaieg" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻōmaʻomaʻo" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="hawaieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7" title="ירוק – hebraeg" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ירוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="हरा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हरा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelena" title="Zelena – kroateg" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zelena" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A8t" title="Vèt – haitieg" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Vèt" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%B6ld" title="Zöld – hungareg" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zöld" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungareg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B9" title="Կանաչ – armenianeg" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կանաչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B9_(%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%B5%D5%B6)" title="Կանաչ (գոյն) – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կանաչ (գոյն)" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadung" title="Gadung – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Gadung" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijau" title="Hijau – indonezeg" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Hijau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A6nn" title="Grænn – islandeg" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Grænn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verde" title="Verde – italianeg" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Verde" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B7%91" title="緑 – japaneg" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="緑" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijo" title="Ijo – javaneg" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ijo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AC%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="მწვანე – jorjianeg" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მწვანე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="jorjianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C9%A9%C5%8B_hat%CA%8A_tomna%C9%A3" title="Tɩŋ hatʊ tomnaɣ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tɩŋ hatʊ tomnaɣ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hujau" title="Hujau – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Hujau" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB_%D1%82%D2%AF%D1%81" title="Жасыл түс – kazak" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жасыл түс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%8C%E1%9E%94%E1%9F%83%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%84" title="ពណ៌បៃតង – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ពណ៌បៃតង" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B9%EC%83%89" title="녹색 – koreaneg" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="녹색" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8E%D8%A8%D9%95%D8%B2_(%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%9B%DA%AF)" title="سَبٕز (رنٛگ) – kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سَبٕز (رنٛگ)" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesk" title="Kesk – kurdeg" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kesk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viridis" title="Viridis – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Viridis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedre" title="Vedre – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Vedre" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9ng" title="Gréng – luksembourgeg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gréng" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksembourgeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A9%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Щюллисса – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Щюллисса" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verde" title="Verde – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Verde" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vert" title="Vert – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Vert" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verd" title="Verd – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Verd" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1ngi_la_mp%C9%94nd%C3%BA" title="Lángi la mpɔndú – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lángi la mpɔndú" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDalia" title="Žalia – lituaneg" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žalia" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Za%C4%BC%C4%81_kr%C4%81sa" title="Zaļā krāsa – latvieg" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zaļā krāsa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijo" title="Ijo – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Ijo" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8F" title="Сянгяря – moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Сянгяря" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%80_%D1%82%D3%B1%D1%81" title="Ужар тӱс – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Ужар тӱс" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Зелена боја – makedoneg" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зелена боја" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A" title="പച്ച – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പച്ച" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%AA%EA%AF%95" title="ꯑꯁꯪꯕ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯁꯪꯕ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="हिरवा – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हिरवा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijau" title="Hijau – malayseg" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hijau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C4%A7dar" title="Aħdar – malteg" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Aħdar" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berde" title="Berde – mirandeg" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Berde" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%85%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အစိမ်းရောင် – birmaneg" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အစိမ်းရောင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5_(%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%81)" title="Пиже (тюс) – erza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Пиже (тюс)" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2" title="سوز – mazanderaneg" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سوز" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9rd" title="Vérd – napolitaneg" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Vérd" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6%C3%B6n" title="Gröön – alamaneg izel" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gröön" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alamaneg izel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B" title="हरियो – nepaleg" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हरियो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81" title="वांगु – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="वांगु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groen_(kleur)" title="Groen (kleur) – nederlandeg" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Groen (kleur)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B8n" title="Grøn – norvegeg nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grøn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegeg nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nt" title="Grønt – norvegeg bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grønt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegeg bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A8rt" title="Vèrt – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Vèrt" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tala" title="Tala – sotho an Norzh" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Tala" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho an Norzh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verd" title="Verd – okitaneg" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Verd" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okitaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9C" title="ସବୁଜ – oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସବୁଜ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%B3%D1%85%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B7" title="Кæрдæгхуыз – oseteg" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кæрдæгхуыз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="oseteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE" title="ਹਰਾ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਰਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluntiang" title="Aluntiang – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Aluntiang" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vert" title="Vert – pikardeg" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Vert" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grie" title="Grie – alamaneg Pennsylvania" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Grie" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="alamaneg Pennsylvania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barwa_zielona" title="Barwa zielona – poloneg" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Barwa zielona" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="ہرا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہرا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86" title="زرغون – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="زرغون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verde" title="Verde – portugaleg" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Verde" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27umir" title="Q'umir – kechuaeg" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Q'umir" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kechuaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verde" title="Verde – roumaneg" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Verde" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veardi" title="Veardi – aroumaneg" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Veardi" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aroumaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Зелёный цвет – rusianeg" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зелёный цвет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusianeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%83" title="हरितः – sanskriteg" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="हरितः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskriteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D3%A9%D1%85_%D3%A9%D2%A5" title="От күөх өҥ – yakouteg" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="От күөх өҥ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="yakouteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virdi" title="Virdi – sikilieg" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Virdi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sikilieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green" title="Green – skoteg" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Green" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skoteg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%88" title="سائو – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="سائو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeleno" title="Zeleno – serb-kroateg" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zeleno" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serb-kroateg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9C%E0%B7%85_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A7" title="කොළ පාට – singhaleg" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කොළ පාට" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green" title="Green – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Green" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelen%C3%A1" title="Zelená – slovakeg" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zelená" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelena" title="Zelena – sloveneg" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zelena" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerere" title="Zerere – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Zerere" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagaar" title="Cagaar – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Cagaar" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Зелена боја – serbeg" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зелена боја" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9jo" title="Héjo – sundaneg" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Héjo" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="pennadoù mat"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6n" title="Grön – svedeg" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grön" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kijani" title="Kijani – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kijani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/langdaway" title="langdaway – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="langdaway" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88" title="பச்சை – tamileg" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பச்சை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamileg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9A" title="ఆకుపచ్చ – telougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆకుపచ్చ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B7" title="Сабз – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сабз" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7" title="สีเขียว – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สีเขียว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunti" title="Lunti – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lunti" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%C5%9Fil" title="Yeşil – turkeg" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yeşil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rihlaza" title="Rihlaza – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Rihlaza" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%81" title="Яшел төс – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Яшел төс" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%84_%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%AD" title="يېشىل رەڭ – ouigoureg" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يېشىل رەڭ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ouigoureg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%80" title="Зелений колір – ukraineg" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зелений колір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraineg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2" title="سبز – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سبز" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdo" title="Verdo – venezieg" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Verdo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venezieg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vihand_muju" title="Vihand muju – vepseg" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vihand muju" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepseg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanh_l%C3%A1_c%C3%A2y" title="Xanh lá cây – vietnameg" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Xanh lá cây" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vete" title="Vete – walloneg" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Vete" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="walloneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunghaw" title="Lunghaw – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lunghaw" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wert" title="Wert – wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Wert" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E8%89%B2" title="绿色 – sinaeg Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="绿色" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="sinaeg Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="წვანე – megreleg" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="წვანე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megreleg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9F" title="גרין – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גרין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saekloeg" title="Saekloeg – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Saekloeg" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E8%89%B2" title="綠色 – sinaeg" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="綠色" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="sinaeg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%A0" title="綠 – sinaeg lennegel" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="綠" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="sinaeg lennegel" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%CC%8Dk-sek" title="Le̍k-sek – sinaeg Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Le̍k-sek" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="sinaeg Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%A0" title="綠 – kantoneg" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="綠" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoneg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eluhlaza" title="Eluhlaza – zouloueg" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Eluhlaza" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zouloueg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3133#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Kemmañ al liammoù etreyezhel" class="wbc-editpage">Kemmañ al liammoù</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Esaouennoù anv"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gwer_(liv)" title="Gwelet ar pennad [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pajenn</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaozeal:Gwer_(liv)&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Kaozeadennoù diwar-benn ar pennad (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Kaozeadenn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Kemmañ adstumm yezh" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">brezhoneg</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Gweladennoù"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gwer_(liv)"><span>Lenn</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit" title="Kemmañ ar bajenn-mañ [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Kemmañ</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit" title="Kemmañ kod mammennoù ar bajenn-mañ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=history" title="Stummoù kozh ar bajenn-mañ gant an aozerien anezhi. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Gwelet an istor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ostilhoù evit ar pajennoù"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ostilhoù" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ostilhoù</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ostilhoù</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mont d’ar varrenn gostez</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">kuzhat</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Muioc'h a zibarzhioù" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Oberoù </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gwer_(liv)"><span>Lenn</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit" title="Kemmañ ar bajenn-mañ [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Kemmañ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit" title="Kemmañ kod mammennoù ar bajenn-mañ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=history"><span>Gwelet an istor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Hollek </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dibar:PetraGasBetekAma%C3%B1/Gwer_(liv)" title="Roll ar pajennoù liammet ouzh ar bajenn-mañ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pajennoù liammet</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dibar:Kemmo%C3%B9Kar/Gwer_(liv)" rel="nofollow" title="Roll ar c'hemmoù diwezhañ war ar pajennoù liammet ouzh ar bajenn-mañ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Heuliañ ar pajennoù liammet</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=br" title="Enporzhiañ ur skeudenn pe ur restr media war ar servijer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Kargañ war ar servijer</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Dibar:Pajenno%C3%B9Dibar" title="Roll an holl bajennoù dibar [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pajennoù dibar</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&oldid=2112838" title="Liamm padus war-du ar stumm-mañ eus ar bajenn-mañ"><span>Chomlec'h ar stumm-mañ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=info" title="Titouroù ouzhpenn a-zivout ar bajenn-mañ"><span>Titouroù ar bajenn</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:Menegi%C3%B1&page=Gwer_%28liv%29&id=2112838&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Titouroù war an doare da venegiñ ar bajenn-mañ"><span>Menegiñ ar pennad-mañ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGwer_%28liv%29"><span>Kaout URL berraet</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGwer_%28liv%29"><span>Pellgargañ kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Moullañ/ezporzhiañ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:Dastumad&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Gwer+%28liv%29"><span>Sevel ul levr</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dibar:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gwer_%28liv%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pellgargañ evel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&printable=yes" title="Stumm moulladus ar bajenn-mañ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Stumm da voullañ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> E raktresoù all </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Green" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3133" title="Liamm war-zu elfenn gevreet kavlec'h ar roadennoù [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elfenn Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ostilhoù evit ar pajennoù"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Neuz"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Neuz</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mont d’ar varrenn gostez</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">kuzhat</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Eus Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="br" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#080" style="font-size:2em; color:#fff;"><b>Gwer</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"> <figure class="noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Color_icon_green.svg/250px-Color_icon_green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Color_icon_green.svg/375px-Color_icon_green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Color_icon_green.svg/500px-Color_icon_green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" usemap="#ImageMap_a6cb87b824a760a6" resource="/wiki/Restr:Color_icon_green.svg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_a6cb87b824a760a6"><area href="#9dff89" shape="rect" coords="0,0,83,83" alt="#9dff89" title="#9dff89" /><area href="#00bc22" shape="rect" coords="83,0,167,83" alt="#00bc22" title="#00bc22" /><area href="#00e278" shape="rect" coords="167,0,250,83" alt="#00e278" title="#00e278" /><area href="#2caf1e" shape="rect" coords="0,83,83,167" alt="#2caf1e" title="#2caf1e" /><area href="#7ef482" shape="rect" coords="83,83,167,167" alt="#7ef482" title="#7ef482" /><area href="#76dc14" shape="rect" coords="167,83,250,167" alt="#76dc14" title="#76dc14" /><area href="#1cef5b" shape="rect" coords="0,167,83,250" alt="#1cef5b" title="#1cef5b" /><area href="#087829" shape="rect" coords="83,167,167,250" alt="#087829" title="#087829" /><area href="#3bd80d" shape="rect" coords="167,167,250,250" alt="#3bd80d" title="#3bd80d" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><b>Nav arliv gwer</b><br /><i>Bukit war pep liv da welout e god <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#080"><b>Skalfad tredanwarellek</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Trohed</b> </td> <td>570 – 495 <a href="/wiki/Metr" title="Metr">nm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div style="background-image:linear-gradient(to right, #177970, #c6d721); height:20px;"></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Talm</b> </td> <td>575 – 525 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">THz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" bgcolor="#080"><b>Bonekadur</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center">evit ar gwer glan <span style="color:#080; background-color:#080;"><kbd>0000</kbd></span> (450 nm) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a></b> </td> <td><kbd>#008000</kbd> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=SRGB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SRGB (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">sRGB</a></b> </td> <td><kbd>(0, 128, 0)</kbd> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/CMYK" title="CMYK">CMYK</a></b> </td> <td><kbd>(100, 0, 100, 50)</kbd> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=HSV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HSV (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">HSV</a></b> </td> <td><kbd>(120, 100, 50)</kbd> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Aurora_and_sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Aurora_and_sunset.jpg/250px-Aurora_and_sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Aurora_and_sunset.jpg/375px-Aurora_and_sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Aurora_and_sunset.jpg/500px-Aurora_and_sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center"><i>Un tarzh-gouloù boreel e <a href="/wiki/Norvegia" title="Norvegia">Norvegia</a></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Gwer</b> a reer eus al <a href="/wiki/Liv" title="Liv">liv</a> gweladus a zo etre <a href="/wiki/Melen_(liv)" title="Melen (liv)">melen</a> <span style="color:#ff0; background-color:#ff0; border:1px solid #a2a9b1;">0000</span> ha <a href="/wiki/Glas_(liv)" title="Glas (liv)">glas</a> <span style="color:#00f; background-color:#00f;">0000</span> er <a href="/wiki/Spektr_gwelus" title="Spektr gwelus">skalfad gwelus</a>, adalek an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trohed&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trohed (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">trohed</a> 570 <a href="/wiki/Metr" title="Metr">nm</a> betek an trohed 495 nm. Melen eo al liv diwezhañ a weler pa vez hiroc'h an trohed eget 570 nm, o tont eus an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Danruz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Danruz (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">danruz</a>, ha glas eo an hini kentañ war-du an <a href="/wiki/Uslimestra" title="Uslimestra">uslimestra</a>, pa vez an trohed berroc'h eget 495 nm. </p> <ul><li>"Gwer glan" a reer eus al liv gwer eo 450 nm e drohed : <span style="background-color:#080; color:#080; padding:2px;">0000</span>.</li></ul> <p>Dre gejañ pentur glas ha pentur melen e farder pentur gwer e liv. </p> <table align="center" style="font-size:1.2em; font-family:Georgia; font-variant:small-caps;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">ar skalfad gwelus </th></tr> <tr> <td><i><big>uslimestra</big></i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Spectrehorizontal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Spectrehorizontal.png/400px-Spectrehorizontal.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Spectrehorizontal.png 1.5x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></td> <td><i><big>danruz</big></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Gwer e vez ar geot, garoù ha delioù an darn vuiañ eus ar <a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">plant</a> en abeg d'ar c'hlorofil a zo enno. Petra bennak ma vez al liv gwer tro-dro da vab-den aba eo mab-den, diwezhat en e Istor en deus gouezet fardañ liv gwer, alese perzh dister al liv-se er c'hevredigezhioù.<br /> Nebeut a dud e plij ar gwer dezho er <a href="/wiki/Sevenadur" title="Sevenadur">sevenadurioù</a> <a href="/wiki/Korn%C3%B4g" title="Kornôg">kornaouegel</a> ; 16% hepken eus <a href="/wiki/Europa" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa">Europiz</a> a ziskleir ez eo o liv karetañ, ha 10% a embann en argazhiñ. Amjestr eo arouez ar gwer en hor <a href="/wiki/Sevenadur" title="Sevenadur">sevenadurioù</a> : ar vuhez, ar chañs hag ar goanag diouzh an eil tu, an dizurzh, ar pistri, an <a href="/wiki/Diaoul" title="Diaoul">diaoul</a> hag e zrouksperedoù diouzh an tu all.<br /> E <a href="/wiki/Sina" title="Sina">Sina</a> pergen hag en <a href="/wiki/Azia" title="Azia">Azia</a> dre vras e lakaer ar gwer da liv an eürusted hag ar frouezhusted.<br /> Liv broadel <a href="/wiki/Iwerzhon" title="Iwerzhon">Iwerzhon</a> eo, ha hini an <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> peogwir eo arouez <i>glasvez</i> ar <a href="/wiki/Baradoz" title="Baradoz">Baradoz</a>. </p><p>Liv ar vuhez eo ar gwer, hini nevezadur an natur ha, dre astenn, liv ar goanag hag an divarvelezh ; e lod sevenadurioù, en enep, ez eo ar gwer liv ar c'hleñved, ar marv hag an diaoul. E <a href="/wiki/Sina" title="Sina">Sina</a> ez eo liv ar <i><a href="/wiki/Yin_ha_yang" title="Yin ha yang">yin</a></i> (陰), ar bennaenn venel. Alies ivez e vez liammet al liv gwer ouzh an divarregezh dre yaouankiz hag ouzh ar warizi.<br /> Hengoun an <a href="/wiki/Alkimiezh" title="Alkimiezh">alkimiezh</a> e vez graet <q>leon gwer</q> eus <q>holen ar brederourien</q>, a zileizh an <a href="/wiki/Aour" title="Aour">aour</a>, peogwir eo trenk evel un dra ha n'eo ket azv<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Yezh">Yezh</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Yezh" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Yezh"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En un toullad yezhoù, evel ar <a href="/wiki/Japaneg" title="Japaneg">japaneg</a>, ar <a href="/wiki/Vietnameg" title="Vietnameg">vietnameg</a> hag ar <a href="/wiki/Yezho%C3%B9_keltiek" title="Yezhoù keltiek">yezhoù keltiek</a>, ne veze ket lakaet kemm etre al liv <a href="/wiki/Gris" title="Gris">louet</a>, al liv <a href="/wiki/Glas_(liv)" title="Glas (liv)">glas</a> hag al liv gwer hag e veze graet ingal gant "glas". Gwir eo c'hoazh kement-mañ evit liv an natur (glas e vez ar geot, ar gwez, ar glazarded...).<br /> E brezhoneg evel er yezhoù keltiek all e reer gant ar ger <i>glas</i> hepmuiken evit ober anv eus traoù glas o liv hag eus traoù gwer en natur, a reer <i>glasvez</i> anezho.<br /> Eus al <a href="/wiki/Latin#Latin_ar_Grennamzer" title="Latin">latin izel</a> <i>viridis</i> <q>gwer (liv)</q> e teu ar ger <i>gwer</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ; un adster zo : <q>yaouank</q>, <q>nerzhus</q><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.<br /> Meneget eo ar ger « guezr » er <i><a href="/wiki/Catholicon" title="Catholicon">C'hatholicon</a></i>, anezhañ ar geriadur kentañ e brezhoneg (<a href="/wiki/1464" title="1464">1464</a>), met « Guezr ha glas » eo ar pennger, ha « tout ung ; <i>ibi uide</i> » eo an termenadur ; n'eus meneg eeun ebet eus al liv. Bez' emañ ivez e <i><a href="/wiki/Nomenclator" title="Nomenclator">Nomenclator</a></i> Guillaume Quiquier de Roscoff (<a href="/wiki/1633" title="1633">1633</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <dl><dd><ul><li>Meur a c'her latin hag a denn da nerzh ar vuhez zo kar da <i>viridis</i> : <i>vivere</i> (bout nerzhus), <i>vis</i> (nerzh), <i>vir</i> (gour), <i>ver</i> (nevezamzer), <i>virga</i> (garenn) ; marteze ez eo <i>virtus</i> kar da <i>viridis</i> ivez.<br />Heñvel a gaver e <a href="/wiki/Saozneg" title="Saozneg">saozneg</a>, pa zeu <i>green</i> eus an hensaozneg (<a href="/wiki/1200" title="1200">1200</a>) <i>grene</i> ("hag a gresk", "hag a zo bev", "nerzhus") ha pelloc'h eus ur wrizienn rakindezeuropek *<i>ghre ("kreskiñ")<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</i></li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="En_natur">En natur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Kemmañ ar rann : En natur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: En natur"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plant</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loen" title="Loen">loened</a> ha <a href="/wiki/Maen" class="mw-disambig" title="Maen">mein</a> gwer zo en natur. Setu amañ un nebeud anezho. </p> <ul><li><small><i>Bukit war pep skeudenn a-benn gwelout he alc'hwez</i></small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plant">Plant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Plant" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Plant"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover" style="font-size:90%;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 302px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:BhurjungKhola-AK1981.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bhurjungkhola, Nepal"><img alt="Bhurjungkhola, Nepal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/BhurjungKhola-AK1981.jpg/450px-BhurjungKhola-AK1981.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/BhurjungKhola-AK1981.jpg/675px-BhurjungKhola-AK1981.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/BhurjungKhola-AK1981.jpg/900px-BhurjungKhola-AK1981.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 280px"><div class="gallerytext">Bhurjungkhola, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Leeks_(1350125029).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pour"><img alt="Pour" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Leeks_%281350125029%29.jpg/225px-Leeks_%281350125029%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Leeks_%281350125029%29.jpg/337px-Leeks_%281350125029%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Leeks_%281350125029%29.jpg/450px-Leeks_%281350125029%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 130px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pour" title="Pour">Pour</a></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Helleborus_odorus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Helleborus odorus"><img alt="Helleborus odorus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Helleborus_odorus.jpg/400px-Helleborus_odorus.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Helleborus_odorus.jpg/600px-Helleborus_odorus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Helleborus_odorus.jpg/800px-Helleborus_odorus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 247px"><div class="gallerytext"><i>Helleborus odorus</i></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 150.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 148.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Cortinarius_austrovenetus_45928.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cortinarius austrovenetus"><img alt="Cortinarius austrovenetus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cortinarius_austrovenetus_45928.jpg/223px-Cortinarius_austrovenetus_45928.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cortinarius_austrovenetus_45928.jpg/335px-Cortinarius_austrovenetus_45928.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Cortinarius_austrovenetus_45928.jpg/446px-Cortinarius_austrovenetus_45928.jpg 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 129px"><div class="gallerytext"><i>Cortinarius austrovenetus</i></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 268.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 266.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Roses_vertes_Wimbledon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roz gwer Wimbledon"><img alt="Roz gwer Wimbledon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Roses_vertes_Wimbledon.jpg/400px-Roses_vertes_Wimbledon.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Roses_vertes_Wimbledon.jpg/600px-Roses_vertes_Wimbledon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Roses_vertes_Wimbledon.jpg/800px-Roses_vertes_Wimbledon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 247px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Roz_(plant)" title="Roz (plant)">Roz</a> gwer Wimbledon</div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Loened">Loened</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Loened" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Loened"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover" style="font-size:90%;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 306px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 304px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Litoria_caerulea.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Litoria caerulea"><img alt="Litoria caerulea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Litoria_caerulea.jpg/456px-Litoria_caerulea.jpg" decoding="async" width="304" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Litoria_caerulea.jpg/683px-Litoria_caerulea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Litoria_caerulea.jpg/911px-Litoria_caerulea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="1153" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 284px"><div class="gallerytext"><i>Litoria caerulea</i></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 166px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 164px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Micrommata_virescens_(Arcugnano).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Micrommata virescens"><img alt="Micrommata virescens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Micrommata_virescens_%28Arcugnano%29.jpg/246px-Micrommata_virescens_%28Arcugnano%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Micrommata_virescens_%28Arcugnano%29.jpg/369px-Micrommata_virescens_%28Arcugnano%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Micrommata_virescens_%28Arcugnano%29.jpg/493px-Micrommata_virescens_%28Arcugnano%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="841" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 144px"><div class="gallerytext"><i>Micrommata virescens</i></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 314.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 312.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Aulacorhynchus_atrogularis_cyanolaemus_-_NBII.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aulacorhynchus atrogularis cyanolaemus"><img alt="Aulacorhynchus atrogularis cyanolaemus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Aulacorhynchus_atrogularis_cyanolaemus_-_NBII.jpg/469px-Aulacorhynchus_atrogularis_cyanolaemus_-_NBII.jpg" decoding="async" width="313" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Aulacorhynchus_atrogularis_cyanolaemus_-_NBII.jpg/703px-Aulacorhynchus_atrogularis_cyanolaemus_-_NBII.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Aulacorhynchus_atrogularis_cyanolaemus_-_NBII.jpg/937px-Aulacorhynchus_atrogularis_cyanolaemus_-_NBII.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2305" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 293px"><div class="gallerytext"><i>Aulacorhynchus atrogularis cyanolaemus</i></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 134.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 132.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Green_day_gecko_(7387914362).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Phelsuma dubia"><img alt="Phelsuma dubia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Green_day_gecko_%287387914362%29.jpg/199px-Green_day_gecko_%287387914362%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Green_day_gecko_%287387914362%29.jpg/298px-Green_day_gecko_%287387914362%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Green_day_gecko_%287387914362%29.jpg/397px-Green_day_gecko_%287387914362%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4928" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 113px"><div class="gallerytext"><i>Phelsuma dubia</i></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 262px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 260px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Congrogadus_subducens_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Congrogadus subducens"><img alt="Congrogadus subducens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Congrogadus_subducens_1.jpg/390px-Congrogadus_subducens_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Congrogadus_subducens_1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="381" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 240px"><div class="gallerytext"><i>Congrogadus subducens</i></div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mein">Mein</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Mein" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Mein"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover" style="font-size:90%;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 231.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 229.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Antlerite-480741.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Antlerit"><img alt="Antlerit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Antlerite-480741.jpg/344px-Antlerite-480741.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Antlerite-480741.jpg/517px-Antlerite-480741.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Antlerite-480741.jpg/689px-Antlerite-480741.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2769" data-file-height="2412" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 210px"><div class="gallerytext">Antlerit</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 228px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 226px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Beryl-27323.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beril (emrodezenn)"><img alt="Beril (emrodezenn)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Beryl-27323.jpg/339px-Beryl-27323.jpg" decoding="async" width="226" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Beryl-27323.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="310" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 206px"><div class="gallerytext">Beril (emrodezenn)</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 132px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 130px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Quartz-Muscovite-224148.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fuschsit"><img alt="Fuschsit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Quartz-Muscovite-224148.jpg/195px-Quartz-Muscovite-224148.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Quartz-Muscovite-224148.jpg/293px-Quartz-Muscovite-224148.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Quartz-Muscovite-224148.jpg/390px-Quartz-Muscovite-224148.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="705" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 110px"><div class="gallerytext">Fuschsit</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Green_serpentinite.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marmor gwer"><img alt="Marmor gwer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/67/Green_serpentinite.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="234" data-file-height="234" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 180px"><div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Marmor" class="mw-redirect" title="Marmor">Marmor</a> gwer</div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 183.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 181.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Peridot2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Olivin"><img alt="Olivin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Peridot2.jpg/272px-Peridot2.jpg" decoding="async" width="182" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Peridot2.jpg/408px-Peridot2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Peridot2.jpg/544px-Peridot2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1190" data-file-height="1312" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 162px"><div class="gallerytext">Olivin</div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fardañ_hag_implijout"><span id="Farda.C3.B1_hag_implijout"></span>Fardañ hag implijout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Fardañ hag implijout" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Fardañ hag implijout"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background-color:#080; padding-top:5px;"><div style="float:right; padding-right:5px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:BKChem48.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/BKChem48.svg/32px-BKChem48.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/BKChem48.svg/48px-BKChem48.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/BKChem48.svg/64px-BKChem48.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div> <span style="font-size:1.5em;">Kimiezh al livegennoù</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom">Krom</a></td> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Krom" title="Krom">Cr</a><sub>2</sub><a href="/wiki/Oksigen" title="Oksigen">O</a><sub>3</sub></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kadmiom" title="Kadmiom">Kadmiom</a></td> <td><small>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + <a href="/wiki/Kadmiom" title="Kadmiom">Cd</a><a href="/wiki/Soufr" class="mw-redirect" title="Soufr">S</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Viridian</td> <td><small>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> + <a href="/wiki/Hidrogen" title="Hidrogen">H</a><sub>2</sub>O (an <a href="/wiki/Dour" title="Dour">dour</a>)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Douar</td> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Potasiom" title="Potasiom">K</a>(<a href="/wiki/Aluminiom" title="Aluminiom">Al</a>,<a href="/wiki/Houarn" title="Houarn">FeIII</a>),(FeII,<a href="/wiki/Magneziom" title="Magneziom">Mg)</a>(Al<a href="/wiki/Silikiom" title="Silikiom">Si</a><sub>3</sub>,Si<sub>4</sub>)O<sub>10</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gwer emrodez</td> <td><small><a href="/wiki/Kouevr" title="Kouevr">Cu</a><sub>2</sub>(CH3COO)<sub>2</sub> · 3 Cu(<a href="/wiki/Arsenik" title="Arsenik">AsO</a>2)2</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gwer Scheele</td> <td><small>Cu<sub>2</sub>HAsO<sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Malakit</td> <td><small>Cu<sub>2</sub><a href="/wiki/Karbon" title="Karbon">CO</a><sub>3</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mergl kouevr</td> <td><small>Cu<sub>2</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>(s)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rousin kouevr</td> <td><small>Cu<sub>2</sub>(C<sub>19</sub>H<sub>29</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Cr2o3_gruener_farbstoff.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cr2o3_gruener_farbstoff.jpg/270px-Cr2o3_gruener_farbstoff.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cr2o3_gruener_farbstoff.jpg/405px-Cr2o3_gruener_farbstoff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cr2o3_gruener_farbstoff.jpg/540px-Cr2o3_gruener_farbstoff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="2420" /></a></span><br />Livegennoù gwer krom </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Ne c'heller ket fardañ liv gwer padus diwar plant pe loened, rak buan e tro da <a href="/wiki/Gell" title="Gell">c'hell</a> <span style="background-color:#993300; color:#993300;">GELL</span> abalamour da zispeuradur ar <a href="/wiki/Kellig" title="Kellig">c'helligoù</a> organel.<br /> E <a href="/wiki/Skandinavia" title="Skandinavia">Skandinavia</a> e veze graet meur a arliv gwer diwar linad, raden, stlañvesk, delioù an onn ha rusk ar bezv. Arouez ar goanag, an eürusted hag ar finborte e oa e sevenadur ar Vikinged, alies e vezent gwisket e gwer. Erc'h ha skorn a gavas <a href="/wiki/Erik_ar_Ruz" title="Erik ar Ruz">Eirik Raude</a> en douar nevez a dizhas er <a href="/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_980" title="Bloavezhioù 980">bloavezhioù 980</a>, met <i><a href="/wiki/Greunland" title="Greunland">Grønland</a></i> ("Daouar gwer") a reas anezhañ abalamour ma oa un tiriad a c'hoanag. </p><p>Pa ouie kouerien Europa ar <a href="/wiki/Krennamzer" title="Krennamzer">Grennamzer</a> fardañ liv gwer dibad diwar plant, kêriz a rae dre soubañ ar gwiadoù en ur veoliad glaz ha goude en unan velen. E dibenn ar mare avat e voe kemmet an traoù, evit daou abeg : an dud e fellas dezho kaout livioù flamm ha padus, ha reolennoù korf-micher al livadennerien a verzas meskañ glaz ha melen. Renket e voe ar stalioù-labour dre zanvez ha dre liv ; neb en devoa gwir da livañ gloan e ruz e oa berzet dezhañ livañ lien e glas. Dic'hallus neuze e oa meskañ glaz ha melen, pa veze disrannet ar beoliadoù an eil re diouzh ar re all. Nebeut-ha-nebeut neuze e troas al livadennerien war-du ar mein, <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metaloù</a> en holl anezho.<br /> Setu amañ al livegenn bennañ zo. </p> <dl><dt>Gwer douar</dt></dl> <p>Anvet eo <q>gwer <a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a></q> ivez. Abaoe an <a href="/wiki/Henamzer" title="Henamzer">Henamzer</a> e vez arveret rak daoust dezhi bout gwan a-fed kuzhat al livioù all ez eo padus-kenañ ouzh ar gouloù hag an danvezioù kimiek. En <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> ar Grennamzer e servije da wiskad kentañ liv kroc'hen an tudennoù diskouezet en amheol. </p> <dl><dt>Gwer emrodez</dt></dl> <p>Pistrius-kenañ eo al livegenn-se, pa'z eus <a href="/wiki/Arsenik" title="Arsenik">arsenik</a> enni. Fardet e voe e <a href="/wiki/1808" title="1808">1808</a> diwar mergl <a href="/wiki/Kouevr" title="Kouevr">kouevr</a> evit erlerc'hiañ ouzh gwer Scheele (a zo arsenik enni ivez) ha lakaet war ar marc'had <a href="/wiki/Alamagn" title="Alamagn">alaman</a> gant William Sattler e Schweinfurt (<a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>) e <a href="/wiki/1814" title="1814">1814</a>. Eus glas-gwer skedus da wer eo skalfad he arlivioù, ha mat e c'holo al livioù all. Met distabil eo ouzhpenn bezañ pistrius, setu e voe dilezet e deroù an <a href="/wiki/XIXvet_kantved" title="XIXvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XIX</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a>. Dre ma oa marc'had-mat he fardañ e voe arveret al livegenn gant an arzourien, ha da voullañ <a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">paper</a>-moger a-vil-vern. E <a href="/wiki/Rouantelezh-Unanet" title="Rouantelezh-Unanet">Rouantelezh-Unanet</a> ar <a href="/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1860" title="Bloavezhioù 1860">bloavezhioù 1860</a> e voe savet evezh a-zivout bugale o vervel diwar an arsenik a zeue eus paper-moger o c'hambroù mouest. Hep mar e c'hoarvezas heñvel gant <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Ia%C3%B1" title="Napoleon Iañ">Napoleon Iañ</a> en e harlu e <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena_(enezenn)" title="Saint Helena (enezenn)">Saint Helena</a>. En dilhad gwer e veze kavet stank ivez. </p><p>En Henroma e veze drailhet <a href="/wiki/Emrodez" title="Emrodez">emrodez</a> da fardañ bazalmoù evit pareañ daoulagadoù an dud ; tamm-ha-tamm, a-dreuz ar c'hantvedoù, e teuas ar gwer da aroueziañ ar <a href="/wiki/Mezegiezh" title="Mezegiezh">vezegiezh</a> hag an apotikerezh evel ma ra hiziv. </p> <dl><dt>Gwer kobalt</dt></dl> <p>E <a href="/wiki/1780" title="1780">1780</a> e voe kavet al liv-se gant ar c'himiour <a href="/wiki/Sveden" title="Sveden">svedat</a> Sven Rinman (<a href="/wiki/1720" title="1720">1720</a>-<a href="/wiki/1792" title="1792">1792</a>) dre veskañ oksidenn <a href="/wiki/Kobalt" title="Kobalt">kobalt</a> hag oksidenn <a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink">zink</a>. Biskoazh ne voe boutin implij ar gwer kobalt el <a href="/wiki/Livouriezh" title="Livouriezh">livouriezh</a> en abeg d'he friz uhel-uhel ; ouzhpenn, n'eo ket gwall vat evit goleiñ livioù all. Diouzh ar c'hementadoù zink ha kobalt e c'hall al liv bout forzh pelec'h etre gwer teñval ha <a href="/wiki/Roz_(liv)" title="Roz (liv)">roz</a>. <br /> Daoust da gement-se e vo pouezus arver ar gwer kobalt en dekvloavezhioù da zont marteze, peogwir ez eus bet kavet perzhioù tredanwarellek dezhi ; mar befe savet memorioù urzhiataerioù diwarni e vefe gouest an ardivinkoù da enkargañ ha loc'hañ o <a href="/wiki/Reizhiad_korvoi%C3%B1" title="Reizhiad korvoiñ">reizhiad korvoiñ</a> en ul lajadig, kement-se en ur lonkañ nebeut-tre a energiezh. </p> <dl><dt>Gwer krom</dt></dl> <p>E <a href="/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz">Pariz</a> e voe lakaet e gwerzh gant ar gimiourien Pannetier ha Binet e <a href="/wiki/1838" title="1838">1838</a>. Ganto e oa bet fardet, hogen kavet e vez en natur, er mein anvet <i>eskolait</i>. Kalz e vez arveret dre m'eo stabil-tre, da fardañ pentur, liv evit ar <a href="/wiki/Moulla%C3%B1" title="Moullañ">moullañ</a> ha traezoù e <a href="/wiki/Gwer" title="Gwer">gwer</a> ; diwarni e farder al livegenn anvet <i>viridian</i>. Talvezout a ra ivez da levnañ kontilli, aotennoù, ferennoù gwer, hag all. </p> <dl><dt>Malakit</dt></dl> <p>Al livegenn wer koshañ anavezet eo ar malakit, pa'z eo bet kavet e bezioù <a href="/wiki/Henegipt" title="Henegipt">Henegipt</a>. Gant an <a href="/wiki/Henc%27hres" title="Henc'hres">henc'hresianed</a> e voe goveliet he anv abalamour d'he liv par da hini ar c'haol-malv (<a href="/wiki/Genad" title="Genad">genad</a> Malva), a zo <i>malachē</i> (μαλάχη) en o yezh. Karbonat kouevr naturel eo, a zo kizidik ouzh ar gor hag an trenkennoù. Er <a href="/wiki/XVvet_kantved" title="XVvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XV</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a> hag er <a href="/wiki/XVIvet_kantved" title="XVIvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XVI</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a> e voe implijet stank gant al livourien en <a href="/wiki/Europa" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa">Europa</a>. </p> <dl><dt>Mergl kouevr</dt></dl> <p>Aketat kouevr eo, brudet evit e liv a denn diouzh ar glaz hag a zo distabil ha treuzwelus ; a-gozh eo anavezet, pa voe implijet adalek an Henamzer betek diwezh ar mare barok en <a href="/wiki/XVIIIvet_kantved" title="XVIIIvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XVIII</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a> da livañ gweledvaoù ha dilhad gwer. Ne vez mui gwerzhet hiziv en abeg ma'z eo pistrius. Da c'hell teñval pe da zu e tro pa vez kozh. </p> <dl><dt>Rousin kouevr</dt></dl> <p>Abaoe ar XVvet kantved e vez graet diwar dileizhañ kouevr e rousin strilhet an <a href="/wiki/Tourmantin" class="mw-disambig" title="Tourmantin">tourmantin</a> <i>(Larix decidua)</i>, a anver « tourmantin <a href="/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia">Venezia</a> ». Arveret e veze ar meskaj evit klerañ ha peurvec'hiañ ar gwer viridian, evel ma veze graet alies-tre en Italia ar XVvet kantved evit livañ glasvez. </p> <dl><dt>Viridian</dt></dl> <p>Stabil-kenañ eo al livegenn wer zibistri-se, a voe breouet e <a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a> gant an ao. Guignet e Pariz. Ken mat e voe degemeret gant ar c'hreantourien hag an dourlivourien ma voe dilezet ar gwer emrodez, a zo pistrius. Gouest e vefe ar gwer viridian da erlerc'hiañ ouzh forzh peseurt livegenn all, ha pa vefe hengounel pe arnevez. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arlivioù"><span id="Arlivio.C3.B9"></span>Arlivioù</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Arlivioù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Arlivioù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="center" style="font-size:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4" style="color:#008000;"><b>• <i>Bukit war pep liv da welout e anv</i></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><b>#004953</b></td> <td style="color:#004953; background-color:#004953;"><abbr title="Midnight green (Eagle green)">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#00563b</b></td> <td style="color:#00563b; background-color:#00563b;"><abbr title="Castleton Green">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#006400</b></td> <td style="color:#006400; background-color:#006400;"><abbr title="Christmas Green">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#00644e</b></td> <td style="color:#00644e; background-color:#00644e;"><abbr title="Boutailh">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#006600</b></td> <td style="color:#006600; background-color:#006600;"><abbr title="Pakistan">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#00693e</b></td> <td style="color:#00693e; background-color:#00693e;"><abbr title="Dartmouth Green">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#006b3c</b></td> <td style="color:#006b3c; background-color:#006b3c;"><abbr title="Kadmiom">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#007000</b></td> <td style="color:#007000; background-color:#007000;"><abbr title="Smaragd 0">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#007f5c</b></td> <td style="color:#007f5c; background-color:#007f5c;"><abbr title="Spagnol 1">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#008000</b></td> <td style="color:#008000; 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background-color:#388738;"><abbr title="Rousin kouevr">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#39ff14</b></td> <td style="color:#39ff14; background-color:#39ff14;"><abbr title="Neon">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#3fff00</b></td> <td style="color:#3fff00; background-color:#3fff00;"><abbr title="Harlequin">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#40826d</b></td> <td style="color:#40826d; background-color:#40826d;"><abbr title="Viridian">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#43b3ae</b></td> <td style="color:#43b3ae; background-color:#43b3ae;"><abbr title="Mergl kouevr">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#444c38</b></td> <td style="color:#444c38; background-color:#444c38;"><abbr title="Rifle Green">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#49796b</b></td> <td style="color:#49796b; background-color:#49796b;"><abbr title="Hooker's Green">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#49b675</b></td> <td style="color:#49b675; background-color:#49b675;"><abbr title="Chrysler">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#4a5d23</b></td> <td style="color:#4a5d23; background-color:#4a5d23;"><abbr title="Man teñval">000000</abbr> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><b>#4b5320</b></td> <td style="color:#4b5320; background-color:#4b5320;"><abbr title="Milourel">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>4b6f44</b></td> <td style="color:#4b6f44; background-color:#4b6f44;"><abbr title="Artichoke (Pantone)">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#4cbb17</b></td> <td style="color:#4cbb17; background-color:#4cbb17;"><abbr title="Kelly Green">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#4d5d53</b></td> <td style="color:#4d5d53; background-color:#4d5d53;"><abbr title="Feldgrau">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#4f7942</b></td> <td style="color:#4f7942; background-color:#4f7942;"><abbr title="Raden kozh">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#4fffb0</b></td> <td style="color:#4fffb0; background-color:#4fffb0;"><abbr title="Bent skedus">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#50c878</b></td> <td style="color:#50c878; background-color:#50c878;"><abbr title="Paris">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#55dd33</b></td> <td style="color:#55dd33; background-color:#55dd33;"><abbr title="Busoù Singapour">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#568203</b></td> <td style="color:#568203; background-color:#568203;"><abbr title="Avoukez">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#5e8d61</b></td> <td style="color:#5e8d61; background-color:#5e8d61;"><abbr title="Kobalt">000000</abbr> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><b>#5f8e62</b></td> <td style="color:#5f8e62; background-color:#5f8e62;"><abbr title="Krom">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#61cb27</b></td> <td style="color:#5f8e62; background-color:#5f8e62;"><abbr title="Tokyo Ink">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#66ff00</b></td> <td style="color:#66ff00; background-color:#66ff00;"><abbr title="Gwer skedus">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#679267</b></td> <td style="color:#679267; background-color:#679267;"><abbr title="Rusat">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#6c7c59</b></td> <td style="color:#6c7c59; background-color:#6c7c59;"><abbr title="Rezeda">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#71bc78</b></td> <td style="color:#71bc78; background-color:#71bc78;"><abbr title="Raden yaouank">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#74c365</b></td> <td style="color:#74c365; background-color:#74c365;"><abbr title="Leanegan">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#76ff7a</b></td> <td style="color:#76ff7a; background-color:#76ff7a;"><abbr title="Screamin' Green">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#808000</b></td> <td style="color:#808000; background-color:#808000;"><abbr title="Olivez">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#87a96b</b></td> <td style="color:#87a96b; background-color:#87a96b;"><abbr title="Asperjez">000000</abbr> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><b>#8a9a5b</b></td> <td style="color:#8a9a5b; background-color:#8a9a5b;"><abbr title="Man">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#8f9779</b></td> <td style="color:#8f9779; background-color:#8f9779;"><abbr title="Artichaod">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#90ee90</b></td> <td style="color:#90ee90; background-color:#90ee90;"><abbr title="Gwer splann">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#98fb98</b></td> <td style="color:#98fb98; background-color:#98fb98;"><abbr title="Pale Green">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#9ac48f</b></td> <td style="color:#9ac48f; background-color:#9ac48f;"><abbr title="Douar">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#a9ba9d</b></td> <td style="color:#a9ba9d; background-color:#a9ba9d;"><abbr title="Lore">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#ace1af</b></td> <td style="color:#ace1af; background-color:#ace1af;"><abbr title="Céladon">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#adff2f</b></td> <td style="color:#adff2f; background-color:#adff2f;"><abbr title="Gwer-melen">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#d0f0c0</b></td> <td style="color:#d0f0c0; background-color:#d0f0c0;"><abbr title="Te">000000</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>#dadd98</b></td> <td style="color:#dadd98; background-color:#dadd98;"><abbr title="Green Earth (Derwent)">000000</abbr> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istor">Istor</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Istor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Istor"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Standing_Osiris_edit1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Standing_Osiris_edit1.svg/170px-Standing_Osiris_edit1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="369" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Standing_Osiris_edit1.svg/255px-Standing_Osiris_edit1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Standing_Osiris_edit1.svg/340px-Standing_Osiris_edit1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption>#308d57 e oa liv Osiris !</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Henamzer">Henamzer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Henamzer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Henamzer"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ne gaver na liv glas na liv gwer en <a href="/wiki/Arz" title="Arz">arz</a> ar <a href="/wiki/Ragistor" title="Ragistor">Ragistor</a>, p'emañ an du, ar gell, ar gwenn hag ar ruz. Mil bloaz diwezhatoc'h e oa peuzheñvel an traoù p'en doa desket mab-den livañ gwiadoù : ne ouie ket c'hoazh fardañ glaz pe wer.<br /> En <a href="/wiki/Henegipt" title="Henegipt">Henegipt</a> e veze fardet livegennoù gwer, ha puilh e veze implijet al liv war ar gwiadoù hag an dilhad ; sakr e oa al loened "gwer" evel <a href="/wiki/Krokodil" title="Krokodil">krokodiled</a> ar stêr <a href="/wiki/Nil" title="Nil">Nil</a>. Ar glaz hag ar gwer a oa livioù mat da argas an drouksperedoù ha gwareziñ ar re varv er bed all ; liv <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doue" title="Doue">doue</a> ar vuhez, ar marv hag ar strujusted, eo ar gwer. </p><p>Ne voe ket gwall bouezus perzh ar gwer en <a href="/wiki/Henroma" title="Henroma">Henroma</a> e-kichen ar gell, ar gwenn, ar melen hag ar ruz ; e gwirionez ne ouie ket ar Romaned meskañ ar glaz hag ar melen da gaout gwer, ha dre blantennoù ne zeu nemet livioù damlouet disked. Ne gaved al liv gwer nemet er prierezh hag e greanterezh ar gwer.<br /> Adal an Impalaeriezh (<a href="/wiki/-31" title="-31">-31</a>), dindan levezon ar <a href="/wiki/Kelted" title="Kelted">Gelted</a> hag ar <a href="/wiki/Germaned" title="Germaned">C'hermaned</a>, e voe fardet dilhad gwer evit ar merc'hed, petra bennak ma veze lakaet al liv-se da <a href="/wiki/Barbared" title="Barbared">varbar</a> gant ar re gozh. Ar gwer e oa liv karetañ an impalaer <a href="/wiki/Neron" title="Neron">Nero</a> (<a href="/wiki/37" title="37">37</a>–<a href="/wiki/68" title="68">68</a>).<br /> Liv ar goanag e voe ar gwer en Henroma ivez ; a-wechoù e vez paket ar vugale nevez-vet e lien gwer evit ma vije hir o buhez. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Codex_Manesse_Burkart_von_Hohenfels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Codex_Manesse_Burkart_von_Hohenfels.jpg/220px-Codex_Manesse_Burkart_von_Hohenfels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Codex_Manesse_Burkart_von_Hohenfels.jpg/330px-Codex_Manesse_Burkart_von_Hohenfels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Codex_Manesse_Burkart_von_Hohenfels.jpg/440px-Codex_Manesse_Burkart_von_Hohenfels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1006" data-file-height="1454" /></a><figcaption><i>Codex Manesse</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>, <i>c</i>. <a href="/wiki/1310" title="1310">1310</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Krennamzer">Krennamzer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Krennamzer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Krennamzer"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mare ar glaz e voe ar <a href="/wiki/Krennamzer" title="Krennamzer">Grennamzer</a>, met pouezusoc'h-pouezusañ e voe ar gwer er vuhez pemdez hag en arzoù.<br /> Digemm e voe statud al liv gwer e-pad tremen 700 vloaz goude diskar an Impalaeriezh roman e <a href="/wiki/476" title="476">476</a> hag enkrog an <a href="/wiki/Iliz_katolik_roman" title="Iliz katolik roman">Iliz katolik roman</a> war <a href="/wiki/Europa" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa">Europa</a> ar Grennamzer, rak er <a href="/wiki/Bibl" title="Bibl">Bibl</a> eo ar gwer liv ar glasvez hepken. An impalaer <a href="/wiki/Karl_Veur" title="Karl Veur">Karl Veur</a> (<a href="/wiki/742" title="742">742</a>–<a href="/wiki/814" title="814">814</a>) hag e warlerc'hidi a wiskas dilhad roman o stumm ha german o liv gwer, kevret gant ruz ar galloud.<br /> Er bloaz <a href="/wiki/1195" title="1195">1195</a> ez embannas ar <a href="/wiki/Kardinal" title="Kardinal">c'hardinal</a> Lothaire de Segni, a voe ar <a href="/wiki/Pab" title="Pab">pab</a> <a href="/wiki/Inosant_III" title="Inosant III">Inosant III</a> diwezhatoc'h, e zornlevr <i>De sacro sancti altari mysterio</i> ma tisklêrias daou dra bouezus : liv ar goanag er vuhez peurbadel eo ar gwer, ret eo dezhañ bezañ dibabet evit an deizioù hag al lidoù ordinal rak re al lidoù meur eo al livioù all. Dre se e teuas <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> al liv gwer an hini implijetañ a-hed ar bloaz<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Liv an islam ivez eo ar gwer. Er <a href="/wiki/Koran" title="Koran">C'horan</a> ez eo liv an nevezamzer, an <a href="/wiki/Ne%C3%B1v" title="Neñv">neñv</a> hag ar <a href="/wiki/Baradoz" title="Baradoz">Baradoz</a>. War-dro ar bloaz <a href="/wiki/1000" title="1000">1000</a> e oa ar gwer liv ofisiel diskennidi ar profed <a href="/wiki/Mahomed" title="Mahomed">Mahomed</a>. Adalek an <a href="/wiki/XIIvet_kantved" title="XIIvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XII</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a> e troas da hini an islam, gwisket e veze gant ar pennadurezhioù ha ne voe mui gwiadet en tapisoù rak arabat eo kerzhout war ul liv nevet. Marteze e c'hoarias ar <a href="/wiki/Kroaziadego%C3%B9" title="Kroaziadegoù">c'hroaziadegoù</a> ur perzh bennak e kement-se, pa oa ar gwer liv an diaoul er <a href="/wiki/Kristeniezh" title="Kristeniezh">gristeniezh</a>. </p><p>Adalek ar <a href="/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1100" title="Bloavezhioù 1100">bloavezhioù 1100</a> e teuas ar gwer en arzoù europat, er bed germanek pergen. El lennegezh e oa liv ar yaouankiz hag ar garantez, troioù-kaer ha stourmadennoù ar varc'heien war al lisoù, met ne veze ket gwelet gwall alies war ar skoedoù rak a-boan ganet e oa an <a href="/wiki/Ardamezouriezh" title="Ardamezouriezh">ardamezouriezh</a>.<br /> En <a href="/wiki/XIIIvet_kantved" title="XIIIvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XIII</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Doueoniezh" title="Doueoniezh">doueoniour</a> Guillaume d'Auvergne (<a href="/wiki/1190" title="1190">1190</a>–<a href="/wiki/1249" title="1249">1249</a>) a embannas e oa brav ar gwer peogwir e oa ul liv kerreizh, kempouez, dereat hag a ziskuizh an daoulagad. Boas e veze ar skrivagnerien da skrivañ war tablezennoù gwer e-lec'h gwenn pe zu.<br /> Er Grennamzer ivez e voed krog da sevel gwerjezioù (eus al latin <i>viridarium</i>, deveret diouzh <i>viridis</i>) a oa liorzhoù karrez ha kloz ma kaved kalz gwez, ur <a href="/wiki/Vitis_vinifera" title="Vitis vinifera">winieg</a> tro-dro d'ur bradenn. Diwezhatoc'h hepken e talvezas <q>gwerjez</q> kement ha <q>frouezheg</q>. </p><p>Adalek deroù an <a href="/wiki/XIIvet_kantved" title="XIIvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XII</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a> ha betek eil hantervezh an <a href="/wiki/XIIvet_kantved" title="XIIvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XII</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a> e voe mesket buhez al lezioù ha hini ar varc'heien ; ar ruz hag ar gwer e voe al livioù trec'hel, betek ma voe reoliet implij al livioù gant an ardamezouriezh e dibenn ar mare-se. En eil hantervezh an <abbr title="12vet"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XII</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small></abbr> kantved e voe meneg el lennegezh eus <q>marc'heien wer</q>, anezho tud yaouank herrus hag a laka an dizurzh ; er romant gallek <i>Li Hauz Livres du Graal</i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (a-raok <a href="/wiki/1250" title="1250">1250</a>) e vez Perlesvaus (a zo <i>Perceval le Gallois</i> e galleg, <i>Sir Percivale de Galis</i> e <a href="/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur_/_6vet_istor" title="Le Morte d'Arthur / 6vet istor">levrenn XIV</a> ar c'helc'hiad <a href="/wiki/Le_Morte_d%27Arthur" title="Le Morte d'Arthur">Le Morte d'Arthur</a>, <a href="/wiki/1470" title="1470">1470</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gant e vreur yaouankoc'h Glaouin le Vert hag a ra hervez giz an amzer : degas trubuilh.<br /> Marc'heien wer wirion zo bet, evel ar c'hont Amédée VI Savoia (<a href="/wiki/1334" title="1334">1334</a>–<a href="/wiki/1383" title="1383">1383</a>), lesanvet <q><i>le comte vert</i></q> abalamour ma veze gwer liv e hobregon a-c'houde un tournamant e <a href="/wiki/Chamb%C3%A9ry" title="Chambéry">Chambéry</a> e <a href="/wiki/1353" title="1353">1353</a> m'en dougas en enor d'ur vaouez a oa he milgin gantañ. Chomet eo al liamm etre ar vilgin wer hag ar garantez betek ar ganaouenn <i><a href="/wiki/Greensleeves" title="Greensleeves">Greensleeves</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1580" title="1580">1580</a>). </p><p>E pep lec'h e vez liv gwer war an dornskridoù enlivet ma lider an nevezamzer, evel en <i>Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry</i> e deroù ar <a href="/wiki/XIVvet_kantved" title="XIVvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XIV</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a>. E dibenn ar Grennamzer e teuas ar gwer da vezañ liv ar merc'hed en gortoz da zimeziñ ha, dreist-holl, hini ar re vrazez. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed-hover" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:25px; margin-bottom:25px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 348.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 346.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Fr%C3%A8res_Limbourg_-_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_-_mois_de_mai_-_Google_Art_Project_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry : miz Mae Ar Vreudeur Limbourg, c. 1416"><img alt="Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry : miz Mae Ar Vreudeur Limbourg, c. 1416" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Fr%C3%A8res_Limbourg_-_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_-_mois_de_mai_-_Google_Art_Project_cropped.jpg/520px-Fr%C3%A8res_Limbourg_-_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_-_mois_de_mai_-_Google_Art_Project_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="347" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Fr%C3%A8res_Limbourg_-_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_-_mois_de_mai_-_Google_Art_Project_cropped.jpg/780px-Fr%C3%A8res_Limbourg_-_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_-_mois_de_mai_-_Google_Art_Project_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Fr%C3%A8res_Limbourg_-_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_-_mois_de_mai_-_Google_Art_Project_cropped.jpg/1040px-Fr%C3%A8res_Limbourg_-_Tr%C3%A8s_Riches_Heures_du_duc_de_Berry_-_mois_de_mai_-_Google_Art_Project_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3640" data-file-height="3676" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 327px"><div class="gallerytext"><small><i>Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry</i> : miz Mae</small><br /><small>Ar Vreudeur Limbourg, <i>c</i>. <a href="/wiki/1416" title="1416">1416</a></small></div> </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 258px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 256px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Van_Eyck_-_Arnolfini_Portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ar priedoù Arnolfini – Jan van Eyck, 1434 Brazez eo ar wreg"><img alt="Ar priedoù Arnolfini – Jan van Eyck, 1434 Brazez eo ar wreg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Van_Eyck_-_Arnolfini_Portrait.jpg/384px-Van_Eyck_-_Arnolfini_Portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Van_Eyck_-_Arnolfini_Portrait.jpg/576px-Van_Eyck_-_Arnolfini_Portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Van_Eyck_-_Arnolfini_Portrait.jpg/767px-Van_Eyck_-_Arnolfini_Portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4386" data-file-height="6000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytextwrapper" style="width: 236px"><div class="gallerytext"><small><i>Ar priedoù Arnolfini</i> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Eyck" title="Jan van Eyck">Jan van Eyck</a>, <a href="/wiki/1434" title="1434">1434</a></small><br /><small>Brazez eo ar wreg</small></div> </div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Hb-tristain.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ardamezeg Hiérosme de Bara, 1578"><img alt="Ardamezeg Hiérosme de Bara, 1578" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Hb-tristain.jpg/130px-Hb-tristain.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Hb-tristain.jpg/195px-Hb-tristain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Hb-tristain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="208" data-file-height="292" /></a><figcaption>Ardamezeg Hiérosme de Bara, 1578</figcaption></figure> <p>Evitañ da vezañ hollvezant el lezioù, war al lisoù hag el lennegezh, ne weler ket al liv gwer gwall alies war an ardamezioù a veze diskouezet en emgannoù hag en tournamantoù adalek an XIIvet kantved (5%, pa vez tremen 50% a ruz, 45% a wenn hag a velen, 25% a c'hlaz hag a zu). Reoliet strizh eo arver al livioù an ardamezouriezh, nepred ne vez ezvezant ar gwer, met den ne oar resis perak e veze implijet ken dibaot a wech ; daou abeg zo bet goulakaet : diaes-bras e veze fardañ al liv, ha displann e oa ar ster anezhañ. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tristan_(haroz)" title="Tristan (haroz)">Tristan</a> e voe haroz karetañ ar Grennamzer, ha gwer e oa e skoed : er romant disin <i>Tristan en prose</i> (<i>c.</i> <a href="/wiki/1232" title="1232">1232</a>) a liamm istor <i>Tristan hag Izold</i> ouzh mojenn ar <a href="/wiki/Roue_Arzhur" title="Roue Arzhur">Roue Arzhur</a> e teskriver ardamezioù ar marc'heg yaouank evel-henn : <i>e gwer e leon en aour armet ha teodet en gul</i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Adalek embann ar skrid-se betek kreiz ar <a href="/wiki/XVIIvet_kantved" title="XVIIvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XVII</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a> e voe displeget ha skeudennet e skoed gant al liv-se e garskeudennoù, livadurioù ha pallennoù moger, ardamezegoù, danevelloù tournamantoù, gouelioù hag abadennoù a denn da vojenn Arzhur. Ouzhpenn bezañ arouez ar garantez hag ar yaouankiz, evel dleet, dre vojenn Tristan ez eo aet al liv gwer da arouez an hemolc'h, ar goadeg, ar sonerezh, ar follentez, an dizurzh, torridigezh al lezenn ha, dreist-holl, hini an dic'hoanag hag ar wallblanedenn. Peogwir e oa distabil al liv gwer a farded d'ar mare-se e veze liammet ivez ouzh ar chañs hag ar blanedenn. Kement-se a c'heller liammat ouzh Fortuna, doueez ar chañs hag an tonkadur er relijion roman, a veze gwer he dilhad e skeudennoù ar Grennamzer<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.<br /> E dibenn ar XIVvet kantved e voe skrivet e <a href="/wiki/Krennsaozneg" title="Krennsaozneg">krennsaozneg</a> ur romant arzhuriek all, <i>Sir Gawayn and þe Grene Knyȝt</i> ("An aotrou Gawayn hag ar Marc'heg Gwer") ma'z eus ur marc'heg gwer, ur chapel wer hag ur gouriz gwer. A-hed an istor ez eo liammet al liv gwer ouzh an tonkadur hag ar marv<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Evit an abegoù-se end-eeun e voe er-maez a c'hiz al liv gwer e dibenn ar Grennamzer. Pa voe termenet livioù "onest" ha reoù all "dizereat" gant pennadurezhioù keodedel ha relijiel e voe lakaet ar gwer da fall rak liv an diaoul ha darn eus e loenedva (<a href="/wiki/Aerouant" title="Aerouant">erevent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kokatris" title="Kokatris">kokatrised</a>, krokodiled, <a href="/wiki/Morganez" title="Morganez">morwragez</a>, naered, <a href="/wiki/Touseg_boutin" title="Touseg boutin">tousegi</a> hag all) e oa<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Ur perzh boutin d'al loened-se eo e tarempredont an dour, a veze lakaet da wer er Grennamzer ; ken diwezhat hag ar <a href="/wiki/XVIIvet_kantved" title="XVIIvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XVII</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a> e voe livet an dourioù e glas war kartennoù an <a href="/wiki/Douaroniezh" title="Douaroniezh">douaroniezh</a>. E-kichen al loened-se e veze lakaet boudoù mojennel an natur (arc'houereed, boudiged, elfed, koboled, korriganed, lutuned, trolled hag all) da wer dre o c'horf pe o dilhad, peogwir e vevent er glasvez en ur bed iskis etre an natur hag an dreistnatur ; en XIXvet kantved e voe ijinet boudoù faltazius all : boulomigoù gwer <a href="/wiki/Meurzh_(planedenn)" title="Meurzh (planedenn)">Meurzh</a>.<br /> Fall da vat e oa al liv gwer pa veze lakaet da hini ar sorserezed e dibenn ar Grennamzer, ha dreist-holl en amzer arnevez adalek <a href="/wiki/1550" title="1550">1550</a> betek diwezh an XVIIIvet kantved : gwer e oa o daoulagad hag o dent, gwer ivez o dilhad, gwer c'hoazh o drammoù hag an hanter eus o loened (du e oa an hanter all). En Henroma dija e veze brudet fall tud o daoulagad gwer, pa vezent lakaet da drubard, gwidreüs ha gadal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amzer_arnevez">Amzer arnevez</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Amzer arnevez" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Amzer arnevez"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Khizr.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Khizr.JPG/220px-Khizr.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/Khizr.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption>Al-Khiḍr (<i>c</i>. 1650)</figcaption></figure> <p>Adalek ar XVIvet kantved hag an <a href="/wiki/Disivoud_protestant" title="Disivoud protestant">Disivoud protestant</a> e voe dispriziet al liv gwer muioc'h c'hoazh, war-bouez hini an Natur peogwir e vije bet krouet gant Doue. Er XVIIvet kantved e ouied renk an dud er gevredigezhioù europat dre al livioù a zougent, hag e pep lec'h e oa ar gwer liv ar re bartapl hag ar gouerien.<br /> Brizhkredennoù kozh a badas betek an oadvezh arnevez, ha betek hiziv an deiz zoken. Da skouer, a-gozh e vez <i>tabou</i> al liv gwer e bed ar <a href="/wiki/Arz_ar_c%27hoariva" title="Arz ar c'hoariva">c'hoariva</a> ; den ne oar perak resis : abalamour d'ar gouleier hag a lakae al liv da c'hris, pe d'al livegennoù pistrius a lazhas meur a c'hoarier. E-pad pell ez eo bet <i>tabou</i> war ar bigi ivez, pa greded e tesache an arnev hag an tan-foeltr ; Breizh eo bet ar vro ziwezhañ en Europa ma oa bev ar vrizhkredenn-se<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En enep, en <a href="/wiki/Alamagn" title="Alamagn">Alamagn</a> hag en <a href="/wiki/Aostria" title="Aostria">Aostria</a> e vez livet e gwer dorioù ar c'hrevier-saout evit o gwareziñ diouzh an tan-foeltr, ar sorserien hag an drouksperedoù ; e <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bro-Skos" title="Bro-Skos">Bro-Skos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a> ha <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> ez eo goulaouennoù-koar gwer a ra al labour-se.<br /> N'eo ket en Europa hepken e kreded e boudoùigoù gwer an Natur, pa'z eus en hengoun islamek un dudenn anvet Al-Khiḍr (<big><b>الخضر</b></big> "an Hini Gwer") hag a zo meneget er C'horan (18:65-82) evel un arc'houere madoberus hag a warez ar veajourien, a bella ar c'horventennoù, al lazh an tanioù-gwall, a savete an dud a zo o veuziñ, a argas an naeron hag an drouksperedoù. </p><p>Lavaret e vez ez eo eurvezh diwezhañ an noz an hini zuañ a-raok tarzh-an-deiz ; pa voe ar XVIIvet kantved unan kañvaouus alies ha du-pod a-wechoù e voe an XVIIIvet kantved, <a href="/wiki/Kantved_ar_Skl%C3%AArijenn" title="Kantved ar Sklêrijenn">Kantved ar Sklêrijenn</a>, unan skedus, livet-flamm ha leun a c'houloù rak brasaet e voe digoroù an tiez ha gwellaet ar goulaouiñ. Muioc'h a bled a voe taolet ouzh al livioù dre ma vezent gwelet gwelloc'h ; buan ez eas ar fardañ livegennoù war-raok, en ur gas gantañ greanterezh al livadennerezh hag an ijinerezh gwiadel ; aloubet e voe ar skiantoù, an arzoù, ar c'hizioù hag ar gevredigezh dre vras gant al livventerezh. Met kement-se a lakaas ar glaz war-raok hag a lezas ar gwer war vord an hent, ar glaz a zidronas ar ruz e kalon an darn vuiañ eus Europiz ; hiziv c'hoazh ez eo o liv karetañ, pell dirak ar re all. Fallvrudet e voe al liv gwer abalamour ma ne glotje ket gant ar glaz – <i>Blau oder Grün muss man wählen</i> eme an <a href="/wiki/Alamagn" title="Alamagn">Alamaned</a>, <q>Glaz pe wer, ret eo d'an den dibad</q>, hag ar <a href="/wiki/Bro-Saoz" title="Bro-Saoz">Saozon</a> da gadarnaat : <i>Blue with green should never be seen</i> <q>Glaz gant gwer a rankfe na vezañ gwelet morse</q>.<br /> E dibenn ar c'hantved e voe didamallet ar gwer un tamm a-drugarez da berzh mat al livegennoù teñval, a blijas muioc'h d'ar vourc'hizien eget d'an noblañsoù. Kement-se a lenner c'hoazh e <i>Zur Farbenlehre</i> ("Dornlevr al livioù) <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethe</a>, bet embannet e <a href="/wiki/1810" title="1810">1810</a>, ma laka ar gwer da liv ar vourc'hizien hag ar varc'hadourien, ar ruz da hini an noblañs, an du d'ar gloer, ar glaz d'an artizaned ha d'ar vicherourien (hiziv c'hoazh ez eo ar glaz liv an dilhad-labour). </p><p>E deroù an XIXvet kantved e voe ar gwer liv ar frankiz, goude bezañ bet hini an distabilded hag an dorridigezh ; liv ar <a href="/wiki/Dispac%27h_gall" class="mw-redirect" title="Dispac'h gall">dispac'h</a> e oa bet er <a href="/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1790" title="Bloavezhioù 1790">bloavezhioù 1790</a>, diwar e berzh evel arouez ar goanag ha peogwir e oa bet lakaet da eneb ar ruz, a zo liv ar berz.<br /> War-dro ar bloaz <a href="/wiki/1770" title="1770">1770</a>, ar gwer a oa bet dibabet evit aotren hag ar ruz evit berzañ an diraez da lod porzhioù <a href="/wiki/Mor_an_Hanternoz" title="Mor an Hanternoz">Mor an Hanternoz</a> hag ar <a href="/wiki/Mor_Baltel" title="Mor Baltel">Mor Baltel</a>. A-hed hantervezh kentañ an XIXvet kantved e voe hollekaet ar reizhiad el live etrebroadel. Buan e voe lakaet e pleustr war an <a href="/wiki/Hent-houarn" title="Hent-houarn">hentoù-houarn</a>, hag e miz Kerzu <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a> e voe ar gouleier-straed kentañ e <a href="/wiki/Londrez" title="Londrez">Londrez</a> (e <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a> e <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_(Ohio)" title="Cleveland (Ohio)">Cleveland</a> e <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New York</a> e <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pariz" title="Pariz">Pariz</a> e <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a> ha <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> e <a href="/wiki/1924" title="1924">1924</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Brunhoff_%E2%80%93_Histoire_de_Babar,_le_petit_%C3%A9l%C3%A9phant_(1931)_(page_40_crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Brunhoff_%E2%80%93_Histoire_de_Babar%2C_le_petit_%C3%A9l%C3%A9phant_%281931%29_%28page_40_crop%29.jpg/220px-Brunhoff_%E2%80%93_Histoire_de_Babar%2C_le_petit_%C3%A9l%C3%A9phant_%281931%29_%28page_40_crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Brunhoff_%E2%80%93_Histoire_de_Babar%2C_le_petit_%C3%A9l%C3%A9phant_%281931%29_%28page_40_crop%29.jpg/330px-Brunhoff_%E2%80%93_Histoire_de_Babar%2C_le_petit_%C3%A9l%C3%A9phant_%281931%29_%28page_40_crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Brunhoff_%E2%80%93_Histoire_de_Babar%2C_le_petit_%C3%A9l%C3%A9phant_%281931%29_%28page_40_crop%29.jpg/440px-Brunhoff_%E2%80%93_Histoire_de_Babar%2C_le_petit_%C3%A9l%C3%A9phant_%281931%29_%28page_40_crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7831" data-file-height="7916" /></a><figcaption><i>Babar</i> e 1931</figcaption></figure> <p>En eil hantervezh an XIXvet kantved ez eas stad al liv gwer war wellaat a-nebeudoù rak mui-ouzh-mui a dud a yeas da vevañ e kêrioù hag a voe dedennet gant ar maezioù. En <a href="/wiki/XXvet_kantved" title="XXvet kantved"><span style="text-transform:lowercase;font-variant:small-caps">XX</span><small><sup>vet</sup></small> kantved</a> e voe liv ar yec'hed hag ar vakañsoù ; krouet e voe <q>takadoù gwer</q> er c'hêrioù, <q>klasoù gwer</q> er skolioù, <q>vakañsoù gwer</q>, <q>bouedoù gwer</q> hag all.<br /> Liv ar vugale e voe ivez, a-drugarez da droioù-kaer an <a href="/wiki/Olifant" title="Olifant">olifant</a> <i>Babar</i> e zilhad gwer, bet ijinet gant Cécile Sabouraud ha skeudennaouet gant he fried Jean de Brunhoff e <a href="/wiki/1931" title="1931">1931</a>. </p><p>Da heul ar Raj breizhveurat (Lu an Indez) o dibabas da gentañ e dibenn an XIXvet kantved, holl armeoù ar C'hornaoueg a yeas war al livioù arwer <i>kaki</i> <span style="color:#f0e68c; background-color:#f0e68c;">0000</span> ha <i>dark kaki</i> <span style="color:#bdb76b; background-color:#bdb76b;">0000</span> evit o unwiskoù abalamour ma'z int diaes da verzout. Diouzh e du, al lu alaman a zibabas ar gwer <i>Feldgrau</i> <span style="color:#4d5d53; background-color:#4d5d53;">0000</span> na reas ket berzh abalamour d'an daou vrezel-bed ha d'ar gwer "melestradurel" rak ar gwer-se e oa arouez ar vurevveliezh abaoe ar bloaz <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a>. </p><p>Hiziv an deiz ez eo ar gwer liv an <a href="/wiki/Ekologiezh" title="Ekologiezh">ekologiezh</a> er bed a-bezh, abaoe krouidigezh an aozadur <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> e <a href="/wiki/1971" title="1971">1971</a>. Kalz aozadurioù tro-dro da hennezh zo o stourm evit ma vefe degemeret ar <i>green attitude</i> war kement tachenn a zo, ar pezh a gas lod embregerezhioù ha gouarnamantoù da ober <i>grennwashing</i>, da lavarout eo lakaat da grediñ ez int a-du padal n'int ket. </p><p>Muioc'h eget biskoazh e lakaer ar gwer da liv an natur hag ar goanag war ur blanedenn saotret, warni <a href="/wiki/Spesad" title="Spesad">spesadoù</a> a zo gourdrouzet gant kemmadur an <a href="/wiki/Hin" title="Hin">hin</a>, mab-den en o zouez. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bannieloù"><span id="Bannielo.C3.B9"></span>Bannieloù</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Bannieloù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Bannieloù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A-c'houde an Dispac'h gall, <a href="/wiki/Kanton_Vaud" title="Kanton Vaud">Kanton Vaud</a> a embannas e zizalc'hiezh d'ar <a href="/wiki/24_a_viz_Genver" class="mw-redirect" title="24 a viz Genver">24 a viz Genver</a> <a href="/wiki/1798" title="1798">1798</a> hag a zibabas ur <a href="/wiki/Banniel" title="Banniel">banniel</a> gwer ha gwenn, gant ar <a href="/wiki/Sturienn" title="Sturienn">sturienn</a> <i>Liberté et patrie</i>. Meur a Stad hag a vro o deus dibabet al liv gwer evit o banniel, en abeg d'o dizalc'hiezh ha d'o frankiz, d'o c'hoadegi ha d'ar pinvidigezhioù a dennont diouto, pe en enor d'an islam. Ar gwer, ar melen hag ar ruz eo livioù <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> ; war banniel <a href="/wiki/Iwerzhon" title="Iwerzhon">Iwerzhon</a>, liv ar <a href="/wiki/Katoligiezh" title="Katoligiezh">gatoligiezh</a> eo ar gwer, hini ar brotestantiezh eo an orañjez, hag arouez ar <a href="/wiki/Peoc%27h" title="Peoc'h">peoc'h</a> etrezo eo ar gwenn. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="background-color:#e0e0e0; margin-top:25px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Algeria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aljeria"><img alt="Aljeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/180px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/270px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/360px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Aljeria" title="Aljeria">Aljeria</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Andalouzia"><img alt="Andalouzia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/180px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/270px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg/360px-Flag_of_Andaluc%C3%ADa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Andalouzia" title="Andalouzia">Andalouzia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aod an Olifant"><img alt="Aod an Olifant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/180px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/270px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg/360px-Flag_of_C%C3%B4te_d%27Ivoire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Aod_an_Olifant" title="Aod an Olifant">Aod an Olifant</a></div> </li> <li 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href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bangladesh"><img alt="Bangladesh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/200px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="134" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/300px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/400px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Benin.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Benin"><img alt="Benin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Benin.svg/180px-Flag_of_Benin.svg.png" 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href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 116.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 114.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Brazil.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/172px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/257px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/343px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Burkina Faso"><img alt="Burkina Faso" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/180px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/270px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg/360px-Flag_of_Burkina_Faso.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 145.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 143.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Euskal Herria"><img alt="Euskal Herria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/215px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png" decoding="async" width="144" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/322px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg/429px-Flag_of_the_Basque_Country.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Euskal_Herria" title="Euskal Herria">Euskal Herria</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 108.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 106.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Gabon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gabon"><img alt="Gabon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/160px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="107" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/240px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Gabon.svg/320px-Flag_of_Gabon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Franco-Ontarian_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gallegerien Ontario"><img alt="Gallegerien Ontario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Franco-Ontarian_flag.svg/240px-Franco-Ontarian_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Franco-Ontarian_flag.svg/360px-Franco-Ontarian_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Franco-Ontarian_flag.svg/480px-Franco-Ontarian_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gallegerien <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Ghana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ghana"><img alt="Ghana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/180px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/270px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/360px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Guyana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guyana"><img alt="Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/200px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="134" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/300px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/400px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hungaria"><img alt="Hungaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/240px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/360px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/480px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hungaria" title="Hungaria">Hungaria</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/210px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/315px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/420px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Italia"><img alt="Italia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/180px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/270px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/360px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Jamaica.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jamaika"><img alt="Jamaika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/240px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/360px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/480px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jamaika" title="Jamaika">Jamaika</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Cameroon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kameroun"><img alt="Kameroun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/180px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/270px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_Cameroon.svg/360px-Flag_of_Cameroon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kameroun" title="Kameroun">Kameroun</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 81.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 79.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Canton_of_Vaud.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kanton Vaud"><img alt="Kanton Vaud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Canton_of_Vaud.svg/119px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Vaud.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Canton_of_Vaud.svg/179px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Vaud.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Flag_of_Canton_of_Vaud.svg/239px-Flag_of_Canton_of_Vaud.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="472" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kanton_Vaud" title="Kanton Vaud">Kanton Vaud</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Lebanon.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Liban"><img alt="Liban" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/180px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/270px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/360px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Liban" title="Liban">Liban</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Libya_(1977%E2%80%932011).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Libia (1977-2011)"><img alt="Libia (1977-2011)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/240px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/360px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg/480px-Flag_of_Libya_%281977%E2%80%932011%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a> (<a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>-<a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Libya.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Libia (adalek 2011)"><img alt="Libia (adalek 2011)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/240px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/360px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Libya.svg/480px-Flag_of_Libya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Libia" title="Libia">Libia</a> (adalek 2011)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lituania"><img alt="Lituania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/200px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="134" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/300px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Flag_of_Lithuania.svg/400px-Flag_of_Lithuania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lituania" title="Lituania">Lituania</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Lombardy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lombardia"><img alt="Lombardia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/180px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/270px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/360px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lombardia" title="Lombardia">Lombardia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Madagascar.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Madagaskar"><img alt="Madagaskar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/180px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/270px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Madagascar.svg/360px-Flag_of_Madagascar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Maldives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maldivez"><img alt="Maldivez" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/180px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/270px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Maldives.svg/360px-Flag_of_Maldives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maldivez" title="Maldivez">Maldivez</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Mali.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mali"><img alt="Mali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/180px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/270px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/360px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Mauritania.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maouritania"><img alt="Maouritania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/180px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/270px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Flag_of_Mauritania.svg/360px-Flag_of_Mauritania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Maouritania" title="Maouritania">Maouritania</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Mexico.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mec'hiko"><img alt="Mec'hiko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/210px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/315px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/420px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mec%27hiko" title="Mec'hiko">Mec'hiko</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nigeria"><img alt="Nigeria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/240px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/360px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/480px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/180px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/270px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/360px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Portugal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portugal"><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/180px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/270px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/360px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Republik Iwerzhon"><img alt="Republik Iwerzhon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/240px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/360px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Ireland.svg/480px-Flag_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Republik_Iwerzhon" title="Republik Iwerzhon">Republik Iwerzhon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 141.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 139.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Naval_Jack_of_Ireland.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lu Republik Iwerzhon"><img alt="Lu Republik Iwerzhon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Naval_Jack_of_Ireland.svg/209px-Naval_Jack_of_Ireland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Naval_Jack_of_Ireland.svg/313px-Naval_Jack_of_Ireland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Naval_Jack_of_Ireland.svg/417px-Naval_Jack_of_Ireland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="830" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/An_tSeirbh%C3%ADs_Chabhlaigh" title="An tSeirbhís Chabhlaigh">Lu Republik Iwerzhon</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Senegal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Senegal"><img alt="Senegal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/180px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/270px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_Senegal.svg/360px-Flag_of_Senegal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Suriname.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Surinam"><img alt="Surinam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/180px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/270px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/360px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Surinam" title="Surinam">Surinam</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Togo_(3-2).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Togo"><img alt="Togo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/270px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg/360px-Flag_of_Togo_%283-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Turkmenistan"><img alt="Turkmenistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/180px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/270px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/360px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Flag_of_Zaire_(1971%E2%80%931997).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zair"><img alt="Zair" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_Zaire_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.svg/180px-Flag_of_Zaire_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_Zaire_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.svg/271px-Flag_of_Zaire_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_Zaire_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.svg/361px-Flag_of_Zaire_%281971%E2%80%931997%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Zair" title="Zair">Zair</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="En_arzoù"><span id="En_arzo.C3.B9"></span>En arzoù</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Kemmañ ar rann : En arzoù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: En arzoù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Prisma.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Prisma.gif/220px-Prisma.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Prisma.gif/330px-Prisma.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Prisma.gif/440px-Prisma.gif 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Kengereg ar gouloù</figcaption></figure> <p>Enliverien dornskridoù dibenn ar XIVvet kantved a veske glaz ha melen a-benn kaout un arliv gwer, dre wiskañ an eil gant egile pe dre gejañ livegennoù : div a orin maenat (azurit ha melen <a href="/wiki/Staen" title="Staen">staen</a>, da skouer), div a orin struzhel (<i>Isatis tinctoria</i> ha <i>Reseda luteola</i>) pe c'hoazh unan vaenat hag unan struzhel (lapis lazuli hag orpimant As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>).<br /> Den ne oar pegoulz e krogas al livourien da fardañ liv gwer dre veskañ glaz ha melen. E kreiz an XVIIIvet kentved c'hoazh e oa lod anezho o tispriziout ar re a rae e-lec'h ober gant al livegennoù hengounel evel ar malakit pe ar mergl kouevr. Ar pezh a ouzer eo e rae al livourien o meskaj pell a-raok <a href="/wiki/1704" title="1704">1704</a>, ar bloaz ma embannas <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> e labour diwar-benn ar <a href="/wiki/Goulo%C3%B9" title="Gouloù">gouloù</a> gwenn, a dorras gant ur <a href="/wiki/Kengereg" title="Kengereg">c'hengereg</a>.<br /> Dre zielfennañ taolennoù al livourien italian <a href="/wiki/Giorgione" title="Giorgione">Giorgione</a> (<a href="/wiki/1477" title="1477">1477</a>-<a href="/wiki/1510" title="1510">1510</a>) ha <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Bellini" title="Giovanni Bellini">Giovanni Bellini</a> (~ <a href="/wiki/1433" title="1433">1433</a>-<a href="/wiki/1516" title="1516">1516</a>) e ouzer e veskent glaz ha melen dija. Ar vistri <a href="/wiki/Flandrez" title="Flandrez">flandrezat</a> ne raent ket.<br /> Ne gemmas ket an traoù betek embannadur <i>Experiments and Considerations Touching Colours</i> ar <a href="/wiki/Fizik" title="Fizik">fizikour</a> ha <a href="/wiki/Kimiezh" title="Kimiezh">kimiour</a> <a href="/wiki/Iwerzhon" title="Iwerzhon">Iwerzhonat</a> Robert Boyle (<a href="/wiki/1627" title="1627">1627</a>–<a href="/wiki/1691" title="1691">1691</a>) e <a href="/wiki/1664" title="1664">1664</a>, ma skrivas e oa trawalc'h ober gant gwenn, du, glaz, melen ha ruz evit kaout an holl livioù a c'heller gwelout<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Techet e vezer da lakaat ar gwer da liv ar romantelouriezh (<i>c</i>. <a href="/wiki/1775" title="1775">1775</a>–<i>c</i>. <a href="/wiki/1850" title="1850">1850</a>) en abeg d'ar glasvez, hogen pouezusoc'h eo bet glaz an dour ha du an noz. Glas eo bet prantad kentañ al luskad, a-c'houde embannadur <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Leiden_des_jungen_Werthers" title="Die Leiden des jungen Werthers">Die Leiden des jungen Werthers</a></i> Goethe e <a href="/wiki/1774" title="1774">1774</a>, ha du an eil prantad evel er <a href="/wiki/Barzhoniezh" title="Barzhoniezh">varzhoneg</a> <i>El Desdichado</i> gant <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_de_Nerval" title="Gérard de Nerval">Gérard de Nerval</a> (<a href="/wiki/1854" title="1854">1854</a>). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="padding-top:25px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:CarminaBurana_wheel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rod Fortuna, dornskrid Carmina Burana, c. 1230"><img alt="Rod Fortuna, dornskrid Carmina Burana, c. 1230" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/CarminaBurana_wheel.jpg/186px-CarminaBurana_wheel.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/CarminaBurana_wheel.jpg/279px-CarminaBurana_wheel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/CarminaBurana_wheel.jpg/372px-CarminaBurana_wheel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2674" data-file-height="3885" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Rod Fortuna</i>, dornskrid <i>Carmina Burana</i>, <i>c</i>. <a href="/wiki/1230" title="1230">1230</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 272px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 270px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:El_mar_Mediterr%C3%A1neo_en_el_Atlas_catal%C3%A1n_de_Cresques_Abraham.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gwer eo ar morioù war kartenn Europa Abraham Cresques, 1375"><img alt="Gwer eo ar morioù war kartenn Europa Abraham Cresques, 1375" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/El_mar_Mediterr%C3%A1neo_en_el_Atlas_catal%C3%A1n_de_Cresques_Abraham.jpg/405px-El_mar_Mediterr%C3%A1neo_en_el_Atlas_catal%C3%A1n_de_Cresques_Abraham.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/El_mar_Mediterr%C3%A1neo_en_el_Atlas_catal%C3%A1n_de_Cresques_Abraham.jpg/608px-El_mar_Mediterr%C3%A1neo_en_el_Atlas_catal%C3%A1n_de_Cresques_Abraham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/El_mar_Mediterr%C3%A1neo_en_el_Atlas_catal%C3%A1n_de_Cresques_Abraham.jpg/810px-El_mar_Mediterr%C3%A1neo_en_el_Atlas_catal%C3%A1n_de_Cresques_Abraham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12956" data-file-height="8637" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Gwer eo ar morioù war kartenn Europa Abraham Cresques, <a href="/wiki/1375" title="1375">1375</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 144px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 142px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dornskrid Sir Gawayn and þe Grene Knyȝt"><img alt="Dornskrid Sir Gawayn and þe Grene Knyȝt" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight.jpg/213px-Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight.jpg/319px-Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight.jpg/426px-Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1313" data-file-height="1664" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dornskrid<br /><i>Sir Gawayn and þe Grene Knyȝt</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Giorgione_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_-_National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Azeul ar vêsaerien Giorgione (~ 1510)"><img alt="Azeul ar vêsaerien Giorgione (~ 1510)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Giorgione_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_-_National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg/330px-Giorgione_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_-_National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Giorgione_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_-_National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg/495px-Giorgione_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_-_National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Giorgione_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_-_National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg/660px-Giorgione_-_Adoration_of_the_Shepherds_-_National_Gallery_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4613" data-file-height="3773" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Azeul ar vêsaerien</i><br />Giorgione (~ 1510)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Restr:Giovanni_Bellini,_Ritratto_di_giovane,_1470._Bergamo,_Accademia_Carrara.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Poltred ur gwaz yaouank Bellini (~ 1516)"><img alt="Poltred ur gwaz yaouank Bellini (~ 1516)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Giovanni_Bellini%2C_Ritratto_di_giovane%2C_1470._Bergamo%2C_Accademia_Carrara.jpg/217px-Giovanni_Bellini%2C_Ritratto_di_giovane%2C_1470._Bergamo%2C_Accademia_Carrara.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Giovanni_Bellini%2C_Ritratto_di_giovane%2C_1470._Bergamo%2C_Accademia_Carrara.jpg/326px-Giovanni_Bellini%2C_Ritratto_di_giovane%2C_1470._Bergamo%2C_Accademia_Carrara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Giovanni_Bellini%2C_Ritratto_di_giovane%2C_1470._Bergamo%2C_Accademia_Carrara.jpg/434px-Giovanni_Bellini%2C_Ritratto_di_giovane%2C_1470._Bergamo%2C_Accademia_Carrara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="797" data-file-height="991" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Poltred ur gwaz yaouank</i><br />Bellini (~ 1516)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mammennoù"><span id="Mammenno.C3.B9"></span>Mammennoù</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Mammennoù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Mammennoù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span> Heller, Eva : <i>Psychologie de la couleur : effets et symbolique</i>, Éditions Pyramyd, 2009, <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782350171562" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-35017-156-2</a>)</small></li> <li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span> Moore, Christopher : <i>Sacré Bleu</i>, Équateurs, 2015, <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782849903858" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-84990-385-8</a>)</small></li> <li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span> Pastoureau, Michel : <i>Bleu – Histoire d'une couleur</i>, Seuil, 2000, <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782757840016" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-7578-4001-6</a>)</small></li> <li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span> Pastoureau, Michel & Simonnet, Dominique : <i>Le petit livre des couleurs</i>, Éditions du Panama, 2005, <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782757841532" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-7578-4153-2</a>)</small></li> <li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span> Pastoureau, Michel : <i>Une histoire symbolique du Moyen-Âge oocidental</i>, Points, 2014, <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782757841068" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-7578-4106-8</a>)</small></li> <li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span> Varichon, Anne : <i>Couleurs – Pigments et teintures dans les mains des peuples</i>, Le Seuil, 2005 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782020846974" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-02-084697-4</a>)</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liammoù_diavaez"><span id="Liammo.C3.B9_diavaez"></span>Liammoù diavaez</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Liammoù diavaez" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: Liammoù diavaez"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encycolorpedia.com/"><i>Encycolorpedia</i></a> <small>— Tizhet 24/03/2019</small></li> <li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.color.org/index.xalter"><i>International Color Consortium</i></a> <small>— Tizhet 24/03/2019</small></li> <li><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130730002605/http://www.webexhibits.org/pigments/"><i>Pigments through the Ages</i></a> <small>— Tizhet 24/03/2019</small></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pennadoù_kar"><span id="Pennado.C3.B9_kar"></span>Pennadoù kar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Pennadoù kar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Pennadoù kar"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dishe%C3%B1velout_gwer_diouzh_glas_er_yezho%C3%B9" title="Disheñvelout gwer diouzh glas er yezhoù">Disheñvelout gwer diouzh glas er yezhoù</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notennoù"><span id="Notenno.C3.B9"></span>Notennoù</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Kemmañ ar rann : Notennoù" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>kemmañ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gwer_(liv)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Notennoù"><span>kemmañ ar vammenn</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small" style="column-count:2; -moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://misraim3.free.fr/alchimie/dictionnaire_philosophie_alchimique.pdf"><i>Dictionnaire alchimique</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Henry" title="Victor Henry">Victor Henry</a> : <i>Lexique étymologique du breton moderne</i>, Rennes, 1900, p. 152 — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/LexiqueEtymologiqueBreton#page/n187/mode/2up">Lenn en-linenn</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lexilogos.com/latin/gaffiot.php?q=viridis">Geriadur Gaffiot (1934)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://devri.bzh/dictionnaire/g/gwer-1/">Devri</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/word/green#etymonline_v_11950"><i>Online Etymology Dictionary</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span> Pastoureau, Michel : <i>Le temps mis en couleurs</i>, Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes, 1999, levrenn 157, niverenn 1, p. 117 – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.persee.fr/doc/bec_0373-6237_1999_num_157_1_450962">Lenn en-linenn</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : galleg">(fr)</span> <i>Le Haut Livre du Graal</i>, Le Livre de Poche, 2007 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782253082248" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-253-08224-8</a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">N'eo ket <a href="/wiki/Peredur_fab_Efrawg" title="Peredur fab Efrawg">Peredur fab Efrawg</a> ar <a href="/wiki/Mabinogi" title="Mabinogi">Mabinogi</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Löseth, Eilert : <i>Le Roman en Prose de Tristan</i>, Forgotten Books, 2017 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9780243996315" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-243-99631-5</a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gwer ha melen eo sae Fortuna ha gwer liv ar chañsoù en dornskrid <i>Le Livre dela Mutation de Fortune</i> (<a href="/wiki/1403" title="1403">1403</a>) gant Christine de Pisan (<a href="/wiki/1364" title="1364">1364</a>–<a href="/wiki/1430" title="1430">1430</a>) — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84514805/f1.item.zoom">Lenn en-linenn</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Un droidigezh zo bet graet e brezhoneg eeun gant <a href="/wiki/Roparz_Hemon" title="Roparz Hemon">Roparz Hemon</a> e <a href="/wiki/1949" title="1949">1949</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330233805/http://bibliotheque.idbe-bzh.org/data/cle_fevrier_2016/Gaovan_hag_an_den_gwer_.pdf">Lenn en-linenn</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Daoust d'an tousegi bezañ gris ; kontet e veze e wiskent dilhad gwer evit touellañ an dud e sabat ar sorserien. Gwelout Berlioz, Jacques : <i>L'animal exemplaire au Moyen-Âge</i>, Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2000, pp. 267-288 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782868474353" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-86847-435-3</a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pastoureau, Michel (2010) : <i>Les couleurs de nos souvenirs</i>, Points, 2015 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Dibar:Mammenno%C3%B9Levr/9782757854471" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-2-7578-5447-1</a>)</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:monospace;font-weight:bold;font-size:11px;cursor:help;" title="Yezh : saozneg">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14504/14504-h/14504-h.htm">Lenn en-linenn</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <table align="right"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td><br style="clear: both" /> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin:0 auto; border-top:1px solid Grey; border-right:4px solid Grey; border-bottom: 4px solid Grey; border-left: 1px solid Grey;" align="center"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#fafafa;"> <td width="540px" align="center"> <p><big><b><a href="/wiki/Liv" title="Liv">Livioù</a></b></big> | <big><b><a href="/wiki/Skoazell:Livio%C3%B9" title="Skoazell:Livioù">Roll al livioù</a></b></big> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <table border="0" cellpadding="6" cellspacing="4" style="font-family:Palatino;"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" style="border: 1px solid #000000; padding: 4px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Gwenn_(liv)" title="Gwenn (liv)">Gwenn</a></b><br />#ffffff </td> <td align="center" style="border: 5px solid #c0c0c0; padding: 4px;"><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arc%27hant_(liv)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arc'hant (liv) (n'eus ket eus ar bajenn-mañ)">Arc'hant</a></b><br />#c0c0c0 </td> <td align="center" style="border: 5px solid #808080; padding: 4px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Gris" title="Gris">Gris</a></b><br />#808080 </td> <td align="center" style="border: 5px solid #000000; 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