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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Operational history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Variants</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Soviet_Union_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soviet_Union_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Soviet Union variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soviet_Union_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Czechoslovak_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Czechoslovak_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Czechoslovak variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Czechoslovak_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chinese_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chinese_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Chinese variants</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chinese_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Operators</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operators-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operators subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Current</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Former</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications_(Il-28)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications_(Il-28)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Specifications (Il-28)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications_(Il-28)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iljoesjin_Il-28" title="Iljoesjin Il-28 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Iljoesjin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%86_%D8%A5%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%84-28" title="إليوشن إي أل-28 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إليوشن إي أل-28" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BB-28" title="Іл-28 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іл-28" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB-28" title="Ил-28 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ил-28" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliuixin_Il-28" title="Iliuixin Il-28 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Iliuixin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilju%C5%A1in_Il-28" title="Iljušin Il-28 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Iljušin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iljuschin_Il-28" title="Iljuschin Il-28 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Iljuschin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-28" title="Ilyushin Il-28 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ilyushin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-28" title="Ilyushin Il-28 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ilyushin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84-%DB%B2%DB%B8" title="ایلیوشین ایل-۲۸ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایلیوشین ایل-۲۸" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliouchine_Il-28" title="Iliouchine Il-28 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Iliouchine Il-28" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-28" title="Ilyushin Il-28 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ilyushin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%A5%98%EC%8B%A0_Il-28" title="일류신 Il-28 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일류신 Il-28" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilju%C5%A1in_Il-28" title="Iljušin Il-28 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Iljušin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-28" title="Ilyushin Il-28 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ilyushin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-28" title="Ilyushin Il-28 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ilyushin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9F_Il-28" title="איליושין Il-28 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איליושין Il-28" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/IL-28" title="IL-28 – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="IL-28" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il%E2%80%9328" title="Il–28 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Il–28" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iljoesjin_Il-28" title="Iljoesjin Il-28 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Iljoesjin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il-28_(%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E6%A9%9F)" title="Il-28 (航空機) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Il-28 (航空機)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iljusjin_Il-28" title="Iljusjin Il-28 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Iljusjin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C5%82-28" title="Ił-28 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ił-28" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-28" title="Ilyushin Il-28 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilyushin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BB-28" title="Ил-28 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ил-28" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-28" title="Ilyushin Il-28 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ilyushin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliu%C5%A1in_Il-28" title="Iliušin Il-28 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Iliušin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilju%C5%A1in_Il-28" title="Iljušin Il-28 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Iljušin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%99%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%98%D0%BB-28" title="Иљушин Ил-28 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Иљушин Ил-28" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilju%C5%A1in_Il-28" title="Iljušin Il-28 – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Iljušin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilju%C5%A1in_Il-28" title="Iljušin Il-28 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Iljušin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iljusjin_Il-28" title="Iljusjin Il-28 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Iljusjin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0lyu%C5%9Fin_%C4%B0l-28" title="İlyuşin İl-28 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İlyuşin İl-28" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BB-28" title="Іл-28 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Іл-28" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-28" title="Ilyushin Il-28 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ilyushin Il-28" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E7%88%BE-28%E8%BD%9F%E7%82%B8%E6%A9%9F" title="伊爾-28轟炸機 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊爾-28轟炸機" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Russian bomber aircraft family</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248642317">.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-above{line-height:1.6em;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-header{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;line-height:23px;background-color:#eee}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft-caption-left .infobox-label{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-label{width:30%;padding-right:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-aircraft .infobox-data{width:50%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-aircraft vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Il-28</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:I%C5%82_28_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/I%C5%82_28_%282%29.jpg/300px-I%C5%82_28_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/I%C5%82_28_%282%29.jpg/450px-I%C5%82_28_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/I%C5%82_28_%282%29.jpg/600px-I%C5%82_28_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1457" data-file-height="566" /></a></span> <div class="ib-aircraft-caption">Il-28 in <a href="/wiki/Polish_Air_Force" title="Polish Air Force">Polish Air Force</a> colours, with a man <a href="/wiki/Comparison" title="Comparison">for scale</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Medium_bomber" title="Medium bomber">Medium bomber</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">National origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_manufacturer" title="Aerospace manufacturer">Manufacturer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin" title="Ilyushin">Ilyushin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Aircraft_Manufacturing_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation">Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation</a> (H-5)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">In limited service with the <a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean People's Air Force">Korean People's Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Primary users</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Air Force">Soviet Air Force</a><div> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">People's Liberation Army Air Force</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Air_Force" title="Czechoslovak Air Force">Czechoslovak Air Force</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Polish_Air_Force" title="Polish Air Force">Polish Air Force</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Air_Force" title="Indonesian Air Force">Indonesian Air Force</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number built</th><td class="infobox-data">over 6,635</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduction date</th><td class="infobox-data">1950</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First flight</th><td class="infobox-data">8 July <a href="/wiki/1948_in_aviation" title="1948 in aviation">1948</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Retired</th><td class="infobox-data">1980s (Soviet Union)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed into</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-30" title="Ilyushin Il-30">Ilyushin Il-30</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Ilyushin Il-28</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Илью́шин Ил-28</span>; <a href="/wiki/NATO_reporting_name" title="NATO reporting name">NATO reporting name</a>: <b>Beagle</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Jet_aircraft" title="Jet aircraft">jet</a> <a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">bomber</a> of the immediate postwar period that was originally manufactured for the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Forces" title="Soviet Air Forces">Soviet Air Forces</a>. It was the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>'s first such aircraft to enter large-scale production. It was also <a href="/wiki/Licence-built" class="mw-redirect" title="Licence-built">licence-built</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> as the <b>Harbin H-5</b>. Total production in the USSR was 6,316 aircraft, and over 319 H-5s were built. Only 187 examples of the HJ-5 training variant were manufactured. The only H-5s in service currently are approximately 80 aircraft which operate with the <a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean People's Air Force">Korean People's Air Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Il-28 has the <a href="/wiki/USAF" class="mw-redirect" title="USAF">USAF</a>/DoD reporting name "Type 27"<sup id="cite_ref-designation-systems.net_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designation-systems.net-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/NATO_reporting_name" title="NATO reporting name">ASCC reporting name</a> "Beagle",<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <b>Il-28U</b> trainer variant has the USAF/DoD reporting name "Type 30"<sup id="cite_ref-designation-systems.net_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-designation-systems.net-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and NATO reporting name <b>Mascot</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gunston_Russ_pXXX-XXXI_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunston_Russ_pXXX-XXXI-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design_and_development">Design and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilyushin_Il-28&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After a number of attempts at a four-engined bomber (the <a href="/wiki/Lyulka_TR-1" title="Lyulka TR-1">Lyulka TR-1</a> powered <a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-22" title="Ilyushin Il-22">Ilyushin Il-22</a> and the unbuilt <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Derwent" title="Rolls-Royce Derwent">Rolls-Royce Derwent</a> powered Ilyushin Il-24), the Ilyushin <a href="/wiki/OKB" title="OKB">Design Bureau</a> began development of a new jet-powered tactical bomber in late 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Western intelligence focused on the four-engine developments while the twin-engine Ilyushin Il-28 was created to meet a requirement for a bomber to carry a 3,000 kilograms (6,600 lb) bombload at 800 kilometres per hour (500 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-AE36_p44_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE36_p44-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gunston_Russ_p417_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunston_Russ_p417-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new design took advantage of the sale of a number of <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Nene" title="Rolls-Royce Nene">Rolls-Royce Nene</a> jet engines by Great Britain to the Soviet Union, which allowed Soviet engineers to quickly produce an unlicensed copy of the Nene, the <a href="/wiki/Klimov_VK-1" title="Klimov VK-1">RD-45</a>, with Ilyushin designing the new bomber around two RD-45s.<sup id="cite_ref-AE36_p44_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE36_p44-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Il-28 was smaller than the previous designs and carried a crew of only three (pilot, navigator and gunner). It was also smaller than the competing design from the Tupolev design bureau, the three-engined (i.e. two Nenes and a <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Derwent" title="Rolls-Royce Derwent">Rolls-Royce Derwent</a>) <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-73" class="mw-redirect" title="Tupolev Tu-73">Tupolev Tu-73</a>, which had been started long before the Ilyushin project, and flew before the design of the Il-28 was approved.<sup id="cite_ref-AE36_p44_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE36_p44-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C01_152_Il_28,_Hecksch%C3%BCtzenstand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/C01_152_Il_28%2C_Hecksch%C3%BCtzenstand.jpg/220px-C01_152_Il_28%2C_Hecksch%C3%BCtzenstand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/C01_152_Il_28%2C_Hecksch%C3%BCtzenstand.jpg/330px-C01_152_Il_28%2C_Hecksch%C3%BCtzenstand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/C01_152_Il_28%2C_Hecksch%C3%BCtzenstand.jpg/440px-C01_152_Il_28%2C_Hecksch%C3%BCtzenstand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2664" /></a><figcaption>An Il-28 in <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Air_Force" title="Finnish Air Force">Finnish</a> colors, showing the tail mounted gun turret with a window for the rear gunner. This aircraft was configured as a <a href="/wiki/Target_tug" title="Target tug">target tug</a>; the device containing the orange target is the target-deploy mechanism</figcaption></figure> <p>The Il-28 design was conventional in layout, with high, unswept wings and a <a href="/wiki/Swept_wing" title="Swept wing">swept</a> horizontal tail and fin. The engines were carried in bulky nacelles slung directly under the wings. The nosewheel retracted rearwards, while the mainwheels retracted forwards into the engine nacelles. The crew of three were accommodated in separate, pressurised compartments. The navigator, who also acted as <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_(air_force)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier (air force)">bombardier</a>, was accommodated in the glazed nose compartment and was provided with an OPB-5 <a href="/wiki/Bombsight" title="Bombsight">bombsight</a> based on the American <a href="/wiki/Norden_bombsight" title="Norden bombsight">Norden bombsight</a> of the Second World War, while the pilot sat under a sideways opening <a href="/wiki/Bubble_canopy" title="Bubble canopy">bubble canopy</a> with an armoured windscreen. The gunner sat in a separate compartment at the rear of the fuselage, operating a power driven turret armed with two <a href="/wiki/Nudelman-Suranov_NS-23" title="Nudelman-Suranov NS-23">Nudelman-Suranov NS-23</a> 23 mm cannons with 250 rounds each. In service, the turret was sometimes removed as a weight saving measure.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_p._112_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_p._112-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the pilot and navigator sat on <a href="/wiki/Ejection_seat" title="Ejection seat">ejector seats</a>, the gunner had to parachute out of a hatch in the floor in the event of an emergency. Two more fixed, forward-firing 23 mm cannon with 100 rounds each were mounted under the nose and fired by the pilot, while a bomb bay was located in the fuselage, capable of holding four 100 kg (220 lb) bombs in individual containers, or single large bombs of up to 3,000 kg (6,600 lb) slung from a beam in the bomb bay.<sup id="cite_ref-AE36_p45-6_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE36_p45-6-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p140-4_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_Il_p140-4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Il-28_bomb_rack.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Il-28_bomb_rack.JPG/220px-Il-28_bomb_rack.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Il-28_bomb_rack.JPG/330px-Il-28_bomb_rack.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Il-28_bomb_rack.JPG/440px-Il-28_bomb_rack.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Il-28 bomb bay</figcaption></figure> <p>One unusual design feature of the Il-28 was that the wings and tail were split horizontally through the centre of the wing, while the fuselage was split vertically at the centreline, allowing the separate parts to be built individually and fitted out with systems before being bolted together to complete assembly of the aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_p._113_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_p._113-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This slightly increased the weight of the aircraft structure, but eased manufacture and proved to be more economical.<sup id="cite_ref-AE36_p45_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE36_p45-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gunston_Russ_p114_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunston_Russ_p114-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first prototype, powered by two imported Nenes, made its maiden flight on 8 July 1948, with <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Kokkinaki" title="Vladimir Kokkinaki">Vladimir Kokkinaki</a> at the controls. Testing was successful, with the Il-28 demonstrating good handling and reaching a speed of 833 km/h (518 mph). It was followed on 30 December 1948 by the second prototype, with Soviet built RD-45 engines replacing the Nenes.<sup id="cite_ref-AE_p46_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE_p46-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the completion of state tests in early 1949 the aircraft was ordered into large scale production on 14 May 1949, with the <a href="/wiki/Klimov_VK-1" title="Klimov VK-1">Klimov VK-1</a>, an improved version of the RD-45 to be used in order to improve the aircraft's performance.<sup id="cite_ref-Nemecek_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nemecek-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p117_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_Il_p117-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first pre-production aircraft with VK-1 engines flew on 8 August 1949, and featured reshaped engine nacelles to reduce drag, while the radome for the navigation radar was moved from the rear fuselage to just aft of the nosewheel. </p><p>Full production in three factories started in September 1949, with service deliveries starting in early 1950, allowing 25 Il-28s to be displayed at the Moscow May Day parade of 1950 (as ordered by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> when it was ordered into production in 1949).<sup id="cite_ref-AE36_p47-9_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE36_p47-9-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p118_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_Il_p118-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Il-28 soon became the standard tactical bomber in the Soviet forces and was widely exported.<sup id="cite_ref-Nemecek_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nemecek-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilyushin_Il-28&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operational history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Polski_bombowiec_I%C5%81-28_l%C4%85duje_ze_spadochronem_hamuj%C4%85cym_-_1959_r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Polski_bombowiec_I%C5%81-28_l%C4%85duje_ze_spadochronem_hamuj%C4%85cym_-_1959_r.jpg/220px-Polski_bombowiec_I%C5%81-28_l%C4%85duje_ze_spadochronem_hamuj%C4%85cym_-_1959_r.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Polski_bombowiec_I%C5%81-28_l%C4%85duje_ze_spadochronem_hamuj%C4%85cym_-_1959_r.jpg/330px-Polski_bombowiec_I%C5%81-28_l%C4%85duje_ze_spadochronem_hamuj%C4%85cym_-_1959_r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Polski_bombowiec_I%C5%81-28_l%C4%85duje_ze_spadochronem_hamuj%C4%85cym_-_1959_r.jpg/440px-Polski_bombowiec_I%C5%81-28_l%C4%85duje_ze_spadochronem_hamuj%C4%85cym_-_1959_r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4857" data-file-height="2174" /></a><figcaption>Polish Il-28 landing, 1959</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EAF_IL-28_Attrition.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/EAF_IL-28_Attrition.jpg/220px-EAF_IL-28_Attrition.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/EAF_IL-28_Attrition.jpg/330px-EAF_IL-28_Attrition.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/EAF_IL-28_Attrition.jpg/440px-EAF_IL-28_Attrition.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1490" data-file-height="931" /></a><figcaption>Egyptian Il-28 strikes IDF positions in Sinai during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a> (1967).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_formation_of_five_brand-new_EAF_Il-28_bombers,_seen_at_low_level_over_Cairo_during_a_parade_in_September_1956._As_it_seems_the_EAF_Il-28s_were_initially_not_given_serials,_but_wore_code-letters,_like_E,_F,_N_etc._instead..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/A_formation_of_five_brand-new_EAF_Il-28_bombers%2C_seen_at_low_level_over_Cairo_during_a_parade_in_September_1956._As_it_seems_the_EAF_Il-28s_were_initially_not_given_serials%2C_but_wore_code-letters%2C_like_E%2C_F%2C_N_etc._instead..jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/A_formation_of_five_brand-new_EAF_Il-28_bombers%2C_seen_at_low_level_over_Cairo_during_a_parade_in_September_1956._As_it_seems_the_EAF_Il-28s_were_initially_not_given_serials%2C_but_wore_code-letters%2C_like_E%2C_F%2C_N_etc._instead..jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/A_formation_of_five_brand-new_EAF_Il-28_bombers%2C_seen_at_low_level_over_Cairo_during_a_parade_in_September_1956._As_it_seems_the_EAF_Il-28s_were_initially_not_given_serials%2C_but_wore_code-letters%2C_like_E%2C_F%2C_N_etc._instead..jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="669" data-file-height="226" /></a><figcaption>A formation of five brand-new EAF Il-28 bombers, seen at low level over Cairo during a parade in September 1956.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Il-28 was widely exported, serving in the air arms of some 20 nations ranging from the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> to various Middle-Eastern and African air forces. <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Air_Force" title="Egyptian Air Force">Egypt</a> was an early customer, and targeting Egyptian Il-28s on the ground was a priority for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> and later by the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a>. </p><p>Egyptian Il-28s also took part in the <a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yemen Civil War">North Yemen Civil War</a>, starting in 1963. In addition to attacks on the royalist forces, they also bombed the Saudi cities of <a href="/wiki/Jizan" title="Jizan">Jizan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Najran" title="Najran">Najran</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khamis_Mushait" title="Khamis Mushait">Khamis Mushait</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two Egyptian Il-28s may have been shot down near <a href="/wiki/Sanaa" title="Sanaa">Sanaa</a> by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Saudi_Air_Force" title="Royal Saudi Air Force">Royal Saudi Air Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hunter" title="Hawker Hunter">Hawker Hunters</a> flown by British pilots, in 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Soviet Union was in the process of providing the type for local assembly in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> when this was halted by the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a>, after which <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> agreed to remove them. The type also saw limited use in <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> and with the Afghan forces in <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a>. Four ex-Egyptian and two ex-Soviet Il-28s (all with Egyptian crews) were operated by the <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Air_Force" title="Nigerian Air Force">Nigerian Air Force</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Biafra_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Biafra Wars">Biafra Wars</a>. <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Air_Force" title="Finnish Air Force">Finland</a> also had four examples of this type delivered between 1961 and 1966 for target-towing duties. They remained in service until the 1980s. </p><p>The Soviet Union had relegated the Il-28 to second-line duties by the late-1950s. The supersonic <a href="/wiki/Yak-28" class="mw-redirect" title="Yak-28">Yak-28</a> was introduced in the early 1960s to take over the Beagle's low-level attack role; some Il-28 variants lingered in Soviet service into the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The last Soviet-built examples were still flying in Egypt into the 1990s. </p><p>The People's Republic of China received over 250 Soviet-built Il-28s from 1952,<sup id="cite_ref-AE71_p20_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE71_p20-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and when the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split" title="Sino-Soviet split">Sino-Soviet split</a> occurred in the late 1950s, it decided to place the Il-28 into production, despite no manufacturing license being obtained.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_China_p113_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_China_p113-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chinese-built aircraft differed from the original Soviet aircraft in that they have a redesigned wing structure, abandoning the horizontal manufacturing break, saving 110 kilograms (240 lb) at the cost of a more difficult construction. Chinese aircraft also used a different tail turret based on that of the <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-16" title="Tupolev Tu-16">Tupolev Tu-16</a>, and fitted with faster-firing <a href="/wiki/Afanasev_Makarov_AM-23" title="Afanasev Makarov AM-23">AM-23</a> cannons.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_China_p113-4_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_China_p113-4-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chinese-built Il-28s designated H-5 and built by <a href="/wiki/Harbin_Aircraft_Manufacturing_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbin Aircraft Manufacturing Corporation">HAMC</a> were still flying in the 1990s with several hundreds in China itself, and a smaller number in <a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean People's Air Force">North Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Air_Force" title="Romanian Air Force">Romania</a>. The three main Chinese versions are the <b>H-5</b> bomber, followed by the <b>HJ-5</b> trainer, and the <b>H-5R (HZ-5)</b> long range (in comparison to the reconnaissance version of the <a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-6" title="Shenyang J-6">Shenyang J-6</a>) reconnaissance aircraft, and later, the <b>HD-5</b> <a href="/wiki/Electronic_countermeasures" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic countermeasures">ECM</a>/<a href="/wiki/Electronic_warfare_support_measures" title="Electronic warfare support measures">ESM</a> version. The latter two types have been phased out. </p><p>The type is known to still be in active service with the North Korean Air Force, although little is known as to whether they are a mix of survivors from the batch of 24 Soviet-manufactured aircraft delivered in the 1960s and some of the newer Chinese-built H-5 variant, or are solely H-5s. Some of these are probably used for spares to maintain a small group of around a dozen serviceable aircraft.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> They give North Korea a means of bombing targets in South Korea and Western Japan, although they would be vulnerable to modern anti air missiles and interceptors. </p><p>Several Ilyushin Il-28s are preserved in museums and as monuments in Russia, Germany, Hungary and in other countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilyushin_Il-28&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soviet_Union_variants">Soviet Union variants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilyushin_Il-28&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Soviet Union variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Note: Order of variants determined chronologically by production/development dates. </p> <dl><dt>Il-28</dt> <dd>Basic three-seat bomber version, powered by two VK-1 engines.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p118-9_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_Il_p118-9-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_Il-28_Beagle.JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Egyptian_Il-28_Beagle.JPEG/220px-Egyptian_Il-28_Beagle.JPEG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Egyptian_Il-28_Beagle.JPEG/330px-Egyptian_Il-28_Beagle.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Egyptian_Il-28_Beagle.JPEG/440px-Egyptian_Il-28_Beagle.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="2830" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption>An Il-28U trainer of the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Air_Force" title="Egyptian Air Force">Egyptian Air Force</a> in 1981.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>Il-28U</dt> <dd>Unarmed training version fitted with new nose housing cockpit for instructor, while the trainee sat in the normal cockpit. First flown 18 March 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-AE71_p11_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE71_p11-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Il-28R</dt> <dd>Three-seat tactical photo reconnaissance version, with extra fuel in bomb bay and tip-tanks, and with one forward firing cannon removed. Fitted with revised undercarriage to deal with heavier weights. First flew 19 April 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-AI36_p49_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AI36_p49-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AE71_p14_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE71_p14-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Il-28RTR</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/ELINT" class="mw-redirect" title="ELINT">ELINT</a> version of Il-28R.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p122_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_Il_p122-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Il-28REB</dt> <dd>Electronic warfare, electronic jamming version, fitted with wingtip electronic pods housed in the former wing tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-Winchester_p._112_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winchester_p._112-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p122_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_Il_p122-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Il-28T</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_bomber" title="Torpedo bomber">Torpedo bomber</a> version for the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Naval_Aviation" title="Soviet Naval Aviation">Soviet Naval Aviation</a> able to accommodate two small or one large torpedo (including RAT-52 rocket propelled torpedoes) in a lengthened weapons bay.<sup id="cite_ref-AE71_p14-6_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE71_p14-6-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Il-28N</dt> <dd>Nuclear bomber for the Soviet Air Force with modified bomb-bay and revised avionics. (N - <i>Nositel</i> - carrier, also known as Il-28A - <i>Atomnyy</i> - atomic).<sup id="cite_ref-AE71_p17_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE71_p17-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Il-28P</dt> <dd>Unarmed civil conversion for <a href="/wiki/Aeroflot" title="Aeroflot">Aeroflot</a>, used as jet conversion trainer and to carry high priority cargo (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Matrix_(printing)" title="Matrix (printing)">newspaper matrices</a> to allow simultaneous printing of <i><a href="/wiki/Pravda" title="Pravda">Pravda</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Izvestia" title="Izvestia">Izvestia</a></i> in Moscow, <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Sverdlovsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a>). Also designated Ilyushin Il-20.<sup id="cite_ref-Gunston_Russ_p115_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gunston_Russ_p115-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stroud_p126-7_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stroud_p126-7-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Il-28S</dt> <dd>Proposed swept-wing version with more powerful <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klimov_VK-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klimov VK-5 (page does not exist)">Klimov VK-5</a> engines. Unbuilt.<sup id="cite_ref-AE71_p17_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE71_p17-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Il-28RM</dt> <dd>Modified Il-28R with VK-5 engine. One prototype built plus two similarly converted bombers (which carried no special designation) but no production.<sup id="cite_ref-AE71_p17_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE71_p17-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Il-28TM</dt> <dd>Il-28T with VK-5. One converted, no production.<sup id="cite_ref-AE71_p17_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE71_p17-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Il-28PL</dt> <dd>High-speed anti-submarine conversion of Il-28 bomber or Il-28T torpedo bomber. Capable of carrying dropping sonobuoys or acoustic homing torpedoes on direction of other anti-submarine assets.<sup id="cite_ref-AE71_p18_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE71_p18-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Il-28Sh</dt> <dd>Ground attack (<i>Shturmovik</i>) conversion of Il-28 with 12 underwing pylons for rocket pods. Small number converted which saw limited service.<sup id="cite_ref-AE71_p18_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE71_p18-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p128_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_Il_p128-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Il-28ZA</dt> <dd>Atmospheric sampling version.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p128_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_Il_p128-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Il-28M</dt> <dd>Target drone conversion of Il-28. Also known as <b>M-28</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-AE71_p18_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE71_p18-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Czechoslovak_variants">Czechoslovak variants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilyushin_Il-28&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Czechoslovak variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>B-228</dt> <dd>Czechoslovak designation of Soviet built Il-28s.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p136_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_Il_p136-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>CB-228</dt> <dd>Czechoslovak designation of Soviet built Il-28Us.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p136_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_Il_p136-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chinese_variants">Chinese variants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilyushin_Il-28&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Chinese variants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>H-5</dt> <dd>(<i>Hongzhaji</i> - bomber) - Standard three-seat tactical bomber.<sup id="cite_ref-JAWA82_p36-7_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAWA82_p36-7-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The structure of the two halves of the Soviet Union's IL-28 aircraft was changed to a common structure. The engine uses WP-5. The tail turret using H-6s caused some changes in the tail structure.</dd> <dt>H-5A</dt> <dd>Speculative designation of for nuclear capable H-5 variant.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_China_p115_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_China_p115-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>HD-5</dt> <dd></dd> <dd>(<i>Hongzhaji Dian</i> - bomber/electronic reconnaissance) Chinese ECM jammer version.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_China_p117_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_China_p117-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>HJ-5</dt> <dd>(<i>Hongzhaji Jiaolianji</i> - bomber trainer) Chinese trainer version with similar layout to Il-28U.<sup id="cite_ref-JAWA82_p36-7_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAWA82_p36-7-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_China_p115-6_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_China_p115-6-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>HZ-5</dt> <dd>(<i>Hongzhaji Zhenchaji</i> - bomber/reconnaissance) Tactical reconnaissance aircraft. Fitted with underwing drop tanks instead of tip tanks of Il-28R.<sup id="cite_ref-JAWA82_p36-7_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAWA82_p36-7-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_China_p117_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_China_p117-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>B-5</dt> <dd>Export designation of the H-5.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_China_p115_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_China_p115-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>B-5R</dt> <dd>Export version of HZ-5.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_China_p117_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_China_p117-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>BT-5</dt> <dd>Export version of the HJ-5.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_China_p117_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_China_p117-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>H-5 Ying</dt> <dd>(<i>Ying</i> - eagle) Avionics testbed for <a href="/wiki/Xian_JH-7" class="mw-redirect" title="Xian JH-7">Xian JH-7</a> programme.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_China_p118_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_China_p118-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>H-5B</dt> <dd>Speculative designation for unflown H-5 testbed for <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chinese_aircraft_engines#Turbofan_engines" title="List of Chinese aircraft engines">WS-5</a> turbofan engines.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_China_p118_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_China_p118-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilyushin_Il-28&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Operators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_operators_of_the_Il-28.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/World_operators_of_the_Il-28.png/220px-World_operators_of_the_Il-28.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/World_operators_of_the_Il-28.png/330px-World_operators_of_the_Il-28.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/World_operators_of_the_Il-28.png/440px-World_operators_of_the_Il-28.png 2x" data-file-width="1427" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>Il-28 operators</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current">Current</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilyushin_Il-28&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Current"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_North_Korea.svg/46px-Flag_of_North_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_People%27s_Army_Air_Force" title="Korean People's Army Air Force">Korean People's Army Air Force</a> - 80 Il-28 and H-5 as of 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former">Former</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilyushin_Il-28&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Former"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281980%E2%80%931987%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281980%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281980%E2%80%931987%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281980%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281980%E2%80%931987%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Afghanistan_%281980%E2%80%931987%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Air_Force" title="Afghan Air Force">Afghan Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>54 aircraft acquired (including four Il-28U examples) from 1957. Only trainers were retained beyond 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-vector_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vector-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All grounded during the civil war in the 1990s. Some were displayed during military parades such as the one in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg/21px-Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg/32px-Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg/42px-Flag_of_Albania_%281946%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Air_Force" title="Albanian Air Force">Albanian Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Aviation_Regiment_4020" title="Albanian Aviation Regiment 4020">Aviation Regiment 4020</a> operated one Il-28 acquired in 1957 attached to <i>2 Skuadrilja</i> (2nd Squadron). This aircraft was traded for an H-5, the Chinese version of the Soviet Il-28, in 1971 and retired from service in 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Air_Force" title="Algerian Air Force">Algerian Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Fourteen Il-28s were ordered from the USSR in 1965-1966. At least twelve of them were donated to Egypt following the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria_%281971%E2%80%931990%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Air_Force" title="Bulgarian Air Force">Bulgarian Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>14 Il-28Rs and one Il-28U received in 1955 and retired in 1974.</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:038_Harbin_H-5_PLAAF_(3223304620).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/038_Harbin_H-5_PLAAF_%283223304620%29.jpg/220px-038_Harbin_H-5_PLAAF_%283223304620%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/038_Harbin_H-5_PLAAF_%283223304620%29.jpg/330px-038_Harbin_H-5_PLAAF_%283223304620%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/038_Harbin_H-5_PLAAF_%283223304620%29.jpg/440px-038_Harbin_H-5_PLAAF_%283223304620%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>This is a Russian Ilyushin Il-28 'Beagle' bomber licence built in China as the Harbin (where the factory is) H-5.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Hundreds of these aircraft were operated by the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Air_Force" title="People's Liberation Army Air Force">People's Liberation Army Air Force</a> and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army_Navy_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Liberation Army Navy Air Force">People's Liberation Army Navy Air Force</a>. Originally equipped with Soviet-built aircraft, the Chinese began full production of the H-5 by 1965. All Il-28s are retired as of 2011.</li> <li>Second Aviation School<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/46px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Air Force">Cuban Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>A total of 42 were received in 1962, but soon returned to the Soviet Union as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AE71_p21_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE71_p21-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a></dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilyushin_Il-28RT_Beagle_2404_(8128775993).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ilyushin_Il-28RT_Beagle_2404_%288128775993%29.jpg/220px-Ilyushin_Il-28RT_Beagle_2404_%288128775993%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ilyushin_Il-28RT_Beagle_2404_%288128775993%29.jpg/330px-Ilyushin_Il-28RT_Beagle_2404_%288128775993%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ilyushin_Il-28RT_Beagle_2404_%288128775993%29.jpg/440px-Ilyushin_Il-28RT_Beagle_2404_%288128775993%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3009" data-file-height="2006" /></a><figcaption>This is a recce variant, with tip tanks for extra fuel. msn 52404. Vyskov Museum, Czech Republic. 06-10-2012</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Il-28R_47_pzlp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Il-28R_47_pzlp.jpg/220px-Il-28R_47_pzlp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Il-28R_47_pzlp.jpg/330px-Il-28R_47_pzlp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Il-28R_47_pzlp.jpg/440px-Il-28R_47_pzlp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2476" data-file-height="907" /></a><figcaption>Ilyushin Il-28R, LZ-32, of the 47th Reconnaissance Air Regiment of the Czechoslovak Air Force, spring 1957</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Air_Force" title="Czechoslovak Air Force">Czechoslovak Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Il-28 and Il-28Us locally designated B-228 and CB-228 which operated from 1954 until 1973. 90 Il-28s, 30 Il-28RTs and an unknown number of Il-28Us were delivered.</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Flag_of_East_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_East_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Forces_of_the_National_People%27s_Army" title="Air Forces of the National People's Army">East German Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Operated 12 Il-28s and one Il-28U aircraft, primarily on <a href="/wiki/Target_tug" title="Target tug">target tug</a> and engine testing duties between 1954 and 1982.</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/23px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/35px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Egypt.svg/45px-Flag_of_Egypt.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Air_Force" title="Egyptian Air Force">Egyptian Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Received 70 Czechoslovakian-built Il-28s in 1956, shortly before the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">IDF</a> rated the Il-28 as a high priority target during the Six-Day War.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Air_Force" title="Finnish Air Force">Finnish Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Received four aircraft (one IL-28 and three Il-28Rs), coded NH-1..4, in the 1960s. The aircraft were used as target tugs and for maritime reconnaissance and patrolling as well as aerial mapping until 1981. The code letters of the type (NH) originated from Neuvostoliittolainen Hinauskone (Soviet towplane) but since they also matched initials of the Soviet leader <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Khrushchev" title="Nikita Khrushchev">Nikita Khrushchev</a> (spelled Hruštšov in Finnish), their usual nickname was <i>Nikita</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%3B_1-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%3B_1-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%3B_1-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%3B_1-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%3B_1-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary_%281949-1956%3B_1-2_aspect_ratio%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_People%27s_Republic" title="Hungarian People's Republic">Hungarian People's Republic</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Air_Force" title="Hungarian Air Force">Hungarian People's Army Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Air_Force" title="Indonesian Air Force">Indonesian Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skadron_Udara_21" class="extiw" title="id:Skadron Udara 21">21st Air Squadron</a> based at <a href="/wiki/Kemayoran_Airport" title="Kemayoran Airport">Kemayoran Air Force Base</a>, Jakarta received 12 Il-28s acquired in 1961. Aircraft were used during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Trikora" title="Operation Trikora">Operation Trikora</a> in 1962 (the conquest of <a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Western New Guinea</a>). All of the aircraft were grounded in 1969 and retired in 1970.</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Navy" title="Indonesian Navy">Indonesian Navy</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Received more than 30 Il-28T torpedo-bombers and six Il-28U trainers in 1961. They were based at <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a>, in what is now <a href="/wiki/Juanda_International_Airport" title="Juanda International Airport">Juanda International Airport</a>. The last one was retired in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-AE71_p23_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE71_p23-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:II-28_Beagle_Iraq_2.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/II-28_Beagle_Iraq_2.jpeg/220px-II-28_Beagle_Iraq_2.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/II-28_Beagle_Iraq_2.jpeg/330px-II-28_Beagle_Iraq_2.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/II-28_Beagle_Iraq_2.jpeg/440px-II-28_Beagle_Iraq_2.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="506" /></a><figcaption>An Iraqi Il-28 bomber abandoned at <a href="/wiki/Al_Taqaddum" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Taqaddum">Al Taqaddum</a>, Iraq.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Iraq_%281963%E2%80%931991%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Air_Force" title="Iraqi Air Force">Iraqi Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Received twelve Il-28s, two Il-28Us and two Il-28BM target tugs starting in January 1959. Some additional aircraft may have been acquired from Egypt in the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All destroyed or grounded after <a href="/wiki/Desert_Storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Desert Storm">Desert Storm</a>.</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Moroccan_Air_Force" title="Royal Moroccan Air Force">Royal Moroccan Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Morocco operated two Il-28s.<sup id="cite_ref-AE71_p23_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE71_p23-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Air_Force" title="Nigerian Air Force">Nigerian Air Force</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_North_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_North_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_North_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_North_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_North_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_North_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Yemen_Arab_Republic" title="Yemen Arab Republic">North Yemen</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Air_Force" title="Yemeni Air Force">Yemen Arab Republic Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Four Il-28s donated by <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a> in October 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani Air Force">Pakistani Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Operated a number of H-5s under the designation B-56. These aircraft served alongside American-built Martin B-57s. The H-5s were not popular with Pakistani pilots, and they were eventually traded back to China in exchange for more Shenyang F-6s.</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilyushin_Il-28R,_Poland_-_Air_Force_AN2202871.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ilyushin_Il-28R%2C_Poland_-_Air_Force_AN2202871.jpg/220px-Ilyushin_Il-28R%2C_Poland_-_Air_Force_AN2202871.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ilyushin_Il-28R%2C_Poland_-_Air_Force_AN2202871.jpg/330px-Ilyushin_Il-28R%2C_Poland_-_Air_Force_AN2202871.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Ilyushin_Il-28R%2C_Poland_-_Air_Force_AN2202871.jpg/440px-Ilyushin_Il-28R%2C_Poland_-_Air_Force_AN2202871.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Ilyushin Il-28R</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Air_Force" title="Polish Air Force">Polish Air Force</a>: Received 72 Il-28s, 15 Il-28Rs and 16 Il-28Us. The first aircraft arrived in 1952, last was retired in 1977. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_7th_Bomb_Reconnaissance_Regiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish 7th Bomb Reconnaissance Regiment (page does not exist)">7 <i>Pułk Lotnictwa Bombowo-Rozpoznawczego</i></a> was based in <a href="/wiki/Powidz" class="mw-redirect" title="Powidz">Powidz</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_21st_Tactical_Reconnaissance_Regiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish 21st Tactical Reconnaissance Regiment (page does not exist)">21 <i>Pułk Rozpoznania Taktycznego</i></a> operated Il-28R variant and was based in <a href="/wiki/Sochaczew" title="Sochaczew">Sochaczew</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polish_33rd_Bomb_Regiment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polish 33rd Bomb Regiment (page does not exist)">33 <i>Pułk Lotnictwa Bombowego</i></a> was based in <a href="/wiki/Modlin_Fortress" title="Modlin Fortress">Modlin</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Navy" title="Polish Navy">Polish Navy</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Air_Force" title="Romanian Air Force">Romanian Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>About 22 Il-28s, three Il-28Rs and eight Il-28Us, both Soviet- and Chinese-built, operated from 1955. All remaining Il-28s were retired from service by June 2001.</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Somalia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Somalia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Somali_Air_Force" title="Somali Air Force">Somali Air Force</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 4 units prior to 1977.</li></ul> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Yemen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/South_Yemen" title="South Yemen">South Yemen</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_Air_Force" title="Yemeni Air Force">People's Democratic Republic of Yemen Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Received a single Il-28, one Il-28R and two Il-28Us from the USSR around 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Airplane_monument.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Airplane_monument.jpg/220px-Airplane_monument.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Airplane_monument.jpg/330px-Airplane_monument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Airplane_monument.jpg/440px-Airplane_monument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Soviet Il-28 bomber monument in <a href="/wiki/Tokmok" title="Tokmok">Tokmok</a> (Chüy Region, Kyrgyzstan)</figcaption></figure> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></dt> <dd>About 1,500 served with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Forces" title="Soviet Air Forces">Soviet Air Forces</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Navy" title="Soviet Navy">Soviet Navy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Soviet_Naval_Aviation" title="Soviet Naval Aviation">Soviet Naval Aviation</a>), with operations beginning in 1950. Front line operations continued through the 1950s, with a few examples remaining into the 1980s. A small number of demilitarized aircraft were provided to <a href="/wiki/Aeroflot" title="Aeroflot">Aeroflot</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vector_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vector-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Flag_of_Syria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Syria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Air_Force" title="Syrian Air Force">Syrian Air Force</a></li></ul> <dl><dd>Syria operated six Il-28s. Two were destroyed during the Six-Day War. The other four were dumped<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in airbases around Syria.<sup id="cite_ref-AE71_p24_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AE71_p24-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Replaced in 1980s by <a href="/wiki/Su-24" class="mw-redirect" title="Su-24">Su-24</a></dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/23px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/35px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Vietnam.svg/45px-Flag_of_Vietnam.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Air_Force" title="Vietnam People's Air Force">Vietnam People's Air Force</a> Retired.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(Il-28)"><span id="Specifications_.28Il-28.29"></span>Specifications (Il-28)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilyushin_Il-28&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Specifications (Il-28)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iljusin_Il-28.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Iljusin_Il-28.svg/220px-Iljusin_Il-28.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Iljusin_Il-28.svg/330px-Iljusin_Il-28.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Iljusin_Il-28.svg/440px-Iljusin_Il-28.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1514" data-file-height="1524" /></a><figcaption>Ilyushin Il-28 3-view drawing</figcaption></figure> <p style="font-size: 90%; margin:0;"><i>Data from</i> <i>Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982–83</i><sup id="cite_ref-JAWA82_p36-7_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JAWA82_p36-7-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>General characteristics</b></span> </p><ul><li><b>Crew:</b> 3</li> <li><b>Length:</b> 17.65 m (57 ft 11 in)</li> <li><b>Wingspan:</b> 21.45 m (70 ft 4 in)</li> <li><b>Height:</b> 6.7 m (22 ft 0 in)</li> <li><b>Wing area:</b> 60 m<sup>2</sup> (650 sq ft)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">Airfoil</a>:</b> TsAGI SR-5S (12%)<sup id="cite_ref-Selig_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Selig-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Empty weight:</b> 12,890 kg (28,418 lb)</li> <li><b>Gross weight:</b> 18,400 kg (40,565 lb)</li> <li><b>Max takeoff weight:</b> 21,200 kg (46,738 lb)</li> <li><b>Powerplant:</b> 2 × <a href="/wiki/Klimov_VK-1A" class="mw-redirect" title="Klimov VK-1A">Klimov VK-1A</a> centrifugal-flow <a href="/wiki/Turbojet" title="Turbojet">turbojet</a> engines, 26.5 kN (6,000 lbf) thrust each</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Performance</b></span> </p> <ul><li><b>Maximum speed:</b> 902 km/h (560 mph, 487 kn) at 4,500 m (14,800 ft)</li> <li><b>Cruise speed:</b> 770 km/h (480 mph, 420 kn) at 10,000 m (33,000 ft)</li> <li><b>Range:</b> 2,180 km (1,350 mi, 1,180 nmi)</li> <li><b>Service ceiling:</b> 12,300 m (40,400 ft)</li> <li><b>Rate of climb:</b> 15 m/s (3,000 ft/min)</li></ul> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>Armament</b></span><br /> </p> <ul><li><b>Guns:</b> 4 × <a href="/wiki/Nudelman-Rikhter_NR-23" title="Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23">Nudelman-Rikhter NR-23</a> cannons (2 in nose and 2 in tail <a href="/wiki/Barbette" title="Barbette">barbette</a>)</li> <li><b>Bombs:</b> 3,000 kg (6,600 lb) of bombs in internal bay (1,000 kg (2,200 lb) normal)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilyushin_Il-28&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/28px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/42px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/56px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation portal</a></span></li></ul> <p> <b>Related development</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-30" title="Ilyushin Il-30">Ilyushin Il-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-46" title="Ilyushin Il-46">Ilyushin Il-46</a></li></ul> <p><b>Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">English Electric Canberra</a>/<a href="/wiki/Martin_B-57_Canberra" title="Martin B-57 Canberra">Martin B-57 Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-45_Tornado" title="North American B-45 Tornado">North American B-45 Tornado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sud_Aviation_Vautour" title="Sud Aviation Vautour">Sud Aviation Vautour 2B </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-14" title="Tupolev Tu-14">Tupolev Tu-14</a></li></ul> <p> <b>Related lists</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aircraft_of_the_Soviet_Union_and_the_CIS" title="List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS">List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bomber_aircraft" title="List of bomber aircraft">List of bomber aircraft</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilyushin_Il-28&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilyushin_Il-28&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stratfor.com/analysis/derailing-nuclear-program-force">"Derailing a Nuclear Program by Force"</a>. <i>Stratfor</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170423215623/https://www.stratfor.com/analysis/derailing-nuclear-program-force">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-04-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stratfor&rft.atitle=Derailing+a+Nuclear+Program+by+Force&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stratfor.com%2Fanalysis%2Fderailing-nuclear-program-force&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlyushin+Il-28" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-designation-systems.net-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-designation-systems.net_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-designation-systems.net_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Parsch, Andreas and Aleksey V. Martynov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.designation-systems.net/non-us/soviet.html#_DOD_Type">"Designations of Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft and Missiles."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011201653/http://www.designation-systems.net/non-us/soviet.html#_DOD_Type">Archived</a> 2017-10-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>designation-systems.net,</i> 2008. Retrieved: 22 August 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parsch, Andreas and Aleksey V. Martynov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.designation-systems.net/non-us/soviet.html#_Listings_Bomber">"Bomber designations."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011201653/http://www.designation-systems.net/non-us/soviet.html#_Listings_Bomber">Archived</a> 2017-10-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>designation-systems.net,</i> 2008. Retrieved: 22 August 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Parsch, Andreas and Aleksey V. Martynov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.designation-systems.net/non-us/soviet.html#_Listings_Misc">"Listings: Miscellaneous."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171011201653/http://www.designation-systems.net/non-us/soviet.html#_Listings_Misc">Archived</a> 2017-10-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>designation-systems.net,</i> 2008. Retrieved: 22 August 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gunston_Russ_pXXX-XXXI-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gunston_Russ_pXXX-XXXI_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gunston 1995, pp. XXX–XXXI.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sweetman and Gunston 1978, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AE36_p44-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AE36_p44_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AE36_p44_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AE36_p44_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Green and Swanborough 1988, p. 44.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gunston_Russ_p417-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gunston_Russ_p417_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gunston 1995, p. 417.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_p._112-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_p._112_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_p._112_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2006, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AE36_p45-6-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AE36_p45-6_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green and Swanborough 1988, pp. 45–46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_Il_p140-4-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p140-4_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2004, pp. 140–144.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winchester_p._113-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Winchester_p._113_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winchester 2006, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AE36_p45-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AE36_p45_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green and Swanborough 1988, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gunston_Russ_p114-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gunston_Russ_p114_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gunston 1995, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AE_p46-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AE_p46_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green and Swanborough 1988, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nemecek-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nemecek_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nemecek_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nemecek 1986, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_Il_p117-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p117_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2004, p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AE36_p47-9-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AE36_p47-9_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green and Swanborough 1988, pp. 47–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_Il_p118-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p118_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2004, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper2017">Cooper 2017</a>, pp. 17–18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper2017">Cooper 2017</a>, p. 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airvectors.net/avil28.html#m5">The Ilyushin Il-28 "Beagle"</a>. <i>Air Vectors.net</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airvectors.net/avyak25.html#m7">The Yakovlev Yak-25 & Yak-28</a>. <i>Air Vectors.net.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AE71_p20-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AE71_p20_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon and Komissarov 1997, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_China_p113-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_China_p113_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon and Komissarov 2008, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_China_p113-4-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_China_p113-4_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon and Komissarov 2008, pp. 113–114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_Il_p118-9-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p118-9_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2004, pp. 118–119.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AE71_p11-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AE71_p11_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon and Komissarov 1997, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AI36_p49-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AI36_p49_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green and Swanborough 1988, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AE71_p14-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AE71_p14_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon and Komissarov 1997, p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_Il_p122-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p122_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p122_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2004, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AE71_p14-6-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AE71_p14-6_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon and Komissarov 1997, p. 14–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AE71_p17-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AE71_p17_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AE71_p17_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AE71_p17_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AE71_p17_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon and Komissarov 1997, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gunston_Russ_p115-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gunston_Russ_p115_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gunston 1995, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stroud_p126-7-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stroud_p126-7_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stroud 1968, pp. 126–127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AE71_p18-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AE71_p18_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AE71_p18_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AE71_p18_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon and Komissarov 1997, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_Il_p128-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p128_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p128_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2004, p. 128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_Il_p136-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p136_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_Il_p136_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon, Komissarov and Komissarov 2004, p. 136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JAWA82_p36-7-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JAWA82_p36-7_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JAWA82_p36-7_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JAWA82_p36-7_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JAWA82_p36-7_39-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Taylor 1982, pp. 36–37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_China_p115-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_China_p115_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_China_p115_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon and Komissarov 2008, p. 115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_China_p117-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_China_p117_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_China_p117_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_China_p117_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_China_p117_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon and Komissarov 2008, p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_China_p115-6-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_China_p115-6_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon and Komissarov 2008, pp. 115–116</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_China_p118-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_China_p118_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_China_p118_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon and Komissarov 2008, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStudies_(IISS)2023" class="citation book cs1">Studies (IISS), The International Institute for Strategic (15 February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cyquEAAAQBAJ"><i>The Military Balance 2023</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 262−265. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-91070-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-91070-4"><bdi>978-1-000-91070-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Military+Balance+2023&rft.pages=262%E2%88%92265&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2023-02-15&rft.isbn=978-1-000-91070-4&rft.aulast=Studies+%28IISS%29&rft.aufirst=The+International+Institute+for+Strategic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcyquEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlyushin+Il-28" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vector-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-vector_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-vector_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Goebel, Greg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vectorsite.net/avil28.html">"Ilyushin Il-28 'Beagle'."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060221135857/http://www.vectorsite.net/avil28.html">Archived</a> 2006-02-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Air Vectors</i>. Retrieved: 22 August 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldairforces.com/Countries/afghanistan/afg.html">"Afghanistan (AFG), World Air Forces - Historical Listings."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070115115045/http://worldairforces.com/Countries/afghanistan/afg.html">Archived</a> 2007-01-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>worldairforces.com.</i> Retrieved: 22 August 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1mtDv5HHoAY">"Afghan Military Show in 1980s Babrak Karmal era - YouTube"</a>. <i>www.youtube.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-12-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.youtube.com&rft.atitle=Afghan+Military+Show+in+1980s+Babrak+Karmal+era+-+YouTube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D1mtDv5HHoAY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlyushin+Il-28" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/albania/af/units/4020.htm">" Albania Air Force: AviatioSkuadronnt 4020 (7594 Regiment)."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110611145921/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/albania/af/units/4020.htm">Archived</a> 2011-06-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>aeroflight.co.</i> Retrieved: 22 August 2011.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooperGrandolini2018" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Tom; Grandolini, Albert (2018). <i>Showdown in Western Sahara, Volume 1: Air Warfare over the Last African Colony, 1945-1975</i>. Warwick, UK: Helion & Company Publishing. pp. 48–49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-912390-35-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-912390-35-9"><bdi>978-1-912390-35-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Showdown+in+Western+Sahara%2C+Volume+1%3A+Air+Warfare+over+the+Last+African+Colony%2C+1945-1975&rft.place=Warwick%2C+UK&rft.pages=48-49&rft.pub=Helion+%26+Company+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-912390-35-9&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Grandolini%2C+Albert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlyushin+Il-28" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1991/plaaf-appe.htm">"People's Republic of China People's Liberation Army Air Force"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090218190914/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/1991/plaaf-appe.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-02-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=People%27s+Republic+of+China+People%27s+Liberation+Army+Air+Force&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalsecurity.org%2Fmilitary%2Flibrary%2Freport%2F1991%2Fplaaf-appe.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlyushin+Il-28" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AE71_p21-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AE71_p21_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon and Komissarov 1997, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordan, Yefim, and Dmitry Komissarov. "Egypt Pg.8-68." Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft in the Middle East. N.p.: Hikoki, 2013. 164-65. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaukkanen2008" class="citation book cs1">Laukkanen, Jyrki (2008). <i>Iljushin IL-28 in Finnish Air Force</i>. Apali. pp. 85, 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-952-5026-79-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-952-5026-79-5"><bdi>978-952-5026-79-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iljushin+IL-28+in+Finnish+Air+Force&rft.pages=85%2C+99&rft.pub=Apali&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-952-5026-79-5&rft.aulast=Laukkanen&rft.aufirst=Jyrki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlyushin+Il-28" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AE71_p23-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AE71_p23_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AE71_p23_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon and Komissarov 1997, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiposCooper2020" class="citation book cs1">Sipos, Milos; Cooper, Tom (2020). <i>Wings of Iraq, Volume 1: The Iraqi Air Force, 1931-1970</i>. Warwick, UK: Helion & Company Publishing. pp. 48, V. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-913118-74-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-913118-74-7"><bdi>978-1-913118-74-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wings+of+Iraq%2C+Volume+1%3A+The+Iraqi+Air+Force%2C+1931-1970&rft.place=Warwick%2C+UK&rft.pages=48%2C+V&rft.pub=Helion+%26+Company+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-913118-74-7&rft.aulast=Sipos&rft.aufirst=Milos&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlyushin+Il-28" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooperWeinertHinzLepko2011">Cooper et al. 2011</a>, p. 87</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Tom. <i>Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 1</i>. p. 34.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hot+Skies+Over+Yemen%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=34&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlyushin+Il-28" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooperWeinertHinzLepko2011">Cooper et al. 2011</a>, p. 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Tom. <i>Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 1</i>. p. 35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hot+Skies+Over+Yemen%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=35&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlyushin+Il-28" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordan, Yefim, and Dmitry Komissarov. "Syria Pg.164." Soviet and Russian Military Aircraft in the Middle East. N.p.: Hikoki, 2013. 164-65. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AE71_p24-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AE71_p24_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon and Komissarov 1997, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Selig-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Selig_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLednicer" class="citation web cs1">Lednicer, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m-selig.ae.illinois.edu/ads/aircraft.html">"The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage"</a>. <i>m-selig.ae.illinois.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=m-selig.ae.illinois.edu&rft.atitle=The+Incomplete+Guide+to+Airfoil+Usage&rft.aulast=Lednicer&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fm-selig.ae.illinois.edu%2Fads%2Faircraft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlyushin+Il-28" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilyushin_Il-28&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bernád, Dénes. "Rumanian 'Beagles': The Ilyushin Il-28 in Rumanian Service". <i>Air Enthusiast</i>, No. 78, November/December 1998, pp. 68–72. ISSN 0143-5450.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2017" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Tom (2017). <i>Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 1: Aerial Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1962-1994</i>. Solihull, UK: Helion & Company Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-912174-23-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-912174-23-2"><bdi>978-1-912174-23-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hot+Skies+Over+Yemen%2C+Volume+1%3A+Aerial+Warfare+Over+the+South+Arabian+Peninsula%2C+1962-1994&rft.place=Solihull%2C+UK&rft.pub=Helion+%26+Company+Publishing&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-912174-23-2&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlyushin+Il-28" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooperWeinertHinzLepko2011" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Tom; Weinert, Peter; Hinz, Fabian; Lepko, Mark (2011). <i>African MiGs, Volume 2: Madagascar to Zimbabwe</i>. Houston: Harpia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9825539-8-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9825539-8-5"><bdi>978-0-9825539-8-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+MiGs%2C+Volume+2%3A+Madagascar+to+Zimbabwe&rft.place=Houston&rft.pub=Harpia+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-9825539-8-5&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Weinert%2C+Peter&rft.au=Hinz%2C+Fabian&rft.au=Lepko%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlyushin+Il-28" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Gordon, Yefim and Dmitry Komissarov. <i>Chinese Aircraft: China's Aviation Industry since 1951</i>. Manchester, UK: Hikoki Publications, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-902109-04-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-902109-04-6">978-1-902109-04-6</a>.</li> <li>Gordon, Yefim and Dmitry Komissarov. "Soviet Canberra: Ilyushin's incredible Il-28". <i>Air Enthusiast</i>, No. 71, September/October 1997, pp. 8–24. ISSN 0143-5450.</li> <li>Gordon, Yefim, Dmitry Komissarov and Sergei Komissarov. <i>OKB Ilyushin: A History of the Design Bureau and Its Aircraft</i>. Hinckley, Leicestershire, UK: Midland Publishing, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85780-187-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-85780-187-3">1-85780-187-3</a>.</li> <li>Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. "Il-28 ... A Quadragenarian Ilyushin". <i><a href="/wiki/Air_Enthusiast" title="Air Enthusiast">Air Enthusiast</a></i>, Thirty-six, May–August 1988, pp. 39–51. ISSN 0143-5450.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gunston" title="Bill Gunston">Gunston, Bill</a>. <i>The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1975–1995</i>. London: Osprey, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-405-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-405-9">1-85532-405-9</a>.</li> <li>Nemecek, Vaclav. <i>The History of Soviet Aircraft from 1918</i>. London: Willow Books, 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00218-033-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00218-033-7">978-0-00218-033-7</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Pentagon Over the Islands: The Thirty-Year History of Indonesian Military Aviation". <i>Air Enthusiast Quarterly</i> (2): 154–162. n.d. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450">0143-5450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Enthusiast+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Pentagon+Over+the+Islands%3A+The+Thirty-Year+History+of+Indonesian+Military+Aviation&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=154-162&rft.issn=0143-5450&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIlyushin+Il-28" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Stroud, John. <i>Soviet Transport Aircraft since 1945</i>. London: Putnam, 1968. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-370-00126-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-370-00126-5">0-370-00126-5</a>.</li> <li>Sweetman, Bill and Bill Gunston. <i>Soviet Air Power: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Warsaw Pact Air Forces Today</i>. London: Salamander Books, 1978. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-24948-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-24948-0">0-517-24948-0</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._R._Taylor" title="John W. R. Taylor">Taylor, John W. R.</a> <i>Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1982–83</i>. London: Jane's Yearbooks, 1982. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7106-0748-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7106-0748-2">0-7106-0748-2</a>.</li> <li>Winchester, Jim, ed. "Ilyushin Il-28 'Beagle'." <i>Military Aircraft of the Cold War</i> (The Aviation Factfile). London: Grange Books plc, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84013-929-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84013-929-3">1-84013-929-3</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilyushin_Il-28&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-28" class="extiw" title="commons:Ilyushin Il-28"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Ilyushin Il-28</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scalemodels.ru/modules/photo/viewcat_cid_258.html">Walkaround Il-28 Beagle for Hodynskoye pole, Moscow, Russia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lyEDAAAAMBAJ&dq=popular+science+1951+2-Jet+Bomber&pg=RA1-PA10-IA2"><i>Russia's New 2-Jet Bomber</i> by Chamlers Goodlin, one of the earliest articles printed in the US on the Il-28 with cutaway drawing, published 1951</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ilyushin_aircraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ilyushin_aircraft" title="Template:Ilyushin aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ilyushin_aircraft" title="Template talk:Ilyushin aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ilyushin_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ilyushin aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ilyushin_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin" title="Ilyushin">Ilyushin</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_I-21" title="Ilyushin I-21">I-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-1" title="Ilyushin Il-1">Il-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attack aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-2" title="Ilyushin Il-2">Il-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-8" title="Ilyushin Il-8">Il-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-10" title="Ilyushin Il-10">Il-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-16" title="Ilyushin Il-16">Il-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-20_(1948)" title="Ilyushin Il-20 (1948)">Il-20 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-40" title="Ilyushin Il-40">Il-40</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilyushin_Il-42&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilyushin Il-42 (page does not exist)">Il-42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-102" title="Ilyushin Il-102">Il-102</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_DB-3" title="Ilyushin DB-3">DB-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-4" title="Ilyushin Il-4">Il-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_DB-4" title="Ilyushin DB-4">DB-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-6" title="Ilyushin Il-6">Il-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-22" title="Ilyushin Il-22">Il-22 (I)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Il-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-30" title="Ilyushin Il-30">Il-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-46" title="Ilyushin Il-46">Il-46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-54" title="Ilyushin Il-54">Il-54</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-12" title="Ilyushin Il-12">Il-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-18" title="Ilyushin Il-18">Il-20 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-32" title="Ilyushin Il-32">Il-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-76" title="Ilyushin Il-76">Il-76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-78" title="Ilyushin Il-78">Il-78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-80" title="Ilyushin Il-80">Il-80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-106" title="Ilyushin Il-106">Il-106</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-112" title="Ilyushin Il-112">Il-112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-276" title="Ilyushin Il-276">Il-276</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_PAK_VTA" title="Ilyushin PAK VTA">PAK VTA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Passenger aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-14" title="Ilyushin Il-14">Il-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-18_(1946)" title="Ilyushin Il-18 (1946)">Il-18 (1946)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-18" title="Ilyushin Il-18">Il-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-62" title="Ilyushin Il-62">Il-62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-86" title="Ilyushin Il-86">Il-86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-90" title="Ilyushin Il-90">Il-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-96" title="Ilyushin Il-96">Il-96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-108" title="Ilyushin Il-108">Il-108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-114" title="Ilyushin Il-114">Il-114</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-20M" title="Ilyushin Il-20M">Il-20M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-18" title="Ilyushin Il-18">Il-22 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-18" title="Ilyushin Il-18">Il-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-38" title="Ilyushin Il-38">Il-38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-114" title="Ilyushin Il-114">Il-140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beriev_A-50" title="Beriev A-50">A-50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beriev_A-100" title="Beriev A-100">A-100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experimental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beriev_A-60" title="Beriev A-60">A-60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_I-21" title="Ilyushin I-21">I-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-1" title="Ilyushin Il-1">Il-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-8" title="Ilyushin Il-8">Il-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-26" title="Ilyushin Il-26">Il-26</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainer</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-103" title="Ilyushin Il-103">Il-103</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chinese_People&#039;s_Liberation_Army_bomber_designations" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PRC_bombers" title="Template:PRC bombers"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PRC_bombers" title="Template talk:PRC bombers"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PRC_bombers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PRC bombers"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese_People&#039;s_Liberation_Army_bomber_designations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> bomber designations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Hōng "H"<br />(Bomber)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">H-1 through H-4</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xian_H-6" class="mw-redirect" title="Xian H-6">H-6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xian_H-6I" class="mw-redirect" title="Xian H-6I">I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_H-7" title="Harbin H-7">H-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xian_H-8" class="mw-redirect" title="Xian H-8">H-8</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">H-9 through H-19</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xian_H-20" class="mw-redirect" title="Xian H-20">H-20</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Jiān hōng "JH"<br />(Fighter-bomber)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">JH-1 through JH-6</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_JH-7" title="Xi'an JH-7">JH-7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Shuǐ hōng "SH"<br />(Water bomber)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">SH-1 through SH-4</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_SH-5" title="Harbin SH-5">SH-5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Export</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">"B"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">B-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xian_H-6" class="mw-redirect" title="Xian H-6">B-6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">"FBC"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_JH-7" title="Xi'an JH-7">FBC-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related<br />designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xian_Y-7" class="mw-redirect" title="Xian Y-7">HYJ-7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><sup>1</sup> Unknown/not assigned</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chinese_People&#039;s_Liberation_Army_trainer_designations" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PRC_trainers" title="Template:PRC trainers"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PRC_trainers" title="Template talk:PRC trainers"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PRC_trainers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PRC trainers"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese_People&#039;s_Liberation_Army_trainer_designations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> trainer designations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Jiào "J"<br />(Trainer)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_JJ-1" title="Shenyang JJ-1">JJ-1</a></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">J-2</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">J-3</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><span class="tmp-color" style="color:grey">J-4</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-18" title="Yakovlev Yak-18">CJ-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang_CJ-6" title="Nanchang CJ-6">CJ-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongdu_Yakovlev_CJ-7" title="Hongdu Yakovlev CJ-7">CJ-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongdu_JL-8" title="Hongdu JL-8">JL-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guizhou_JL-9" title="Guizhou JL-9">JL-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongdu_JL-10" title="Hongdu JL-10">JL-10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Export</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">"T"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang_CJ-6" title="Nanchang CJ-6">T-6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">"L"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hongdu_Yakovlev_CJ-7" title="Hongdu Yakovlev CJ-7">L-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongdu_JL-8" title="Hongdu JL-8">L-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongdu_JL-10" title="Hongdu JL-10">L-15</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">"FTC"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guizhou_JL-9" title="Guizhou JL-9">FTC-2000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related<br />designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">HJ-5</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Y-7" title="Xi'an Y-7">HYJ-7</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-15" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15">JJ-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-5" title="Shenyang J-5">JJ-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-6" title="Shenyang J-6">JJ-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-7" title="Chengdu J-7">JJ-7</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Export" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Export</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BT-5</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-15" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15">FT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-5" title="Shenyang J-5">FT-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-6" title="Shenyang J-6">FT-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-7" title="Chengdu J-7">FT-7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><sup>1</sup> Unknown/not assigned</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chinese_military_aircraft" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chinese_Military_Aircraft" title="Template:Chinese Military Aircraft"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chinese_Military_Aircraft" title="Template talk:Chinese Military Aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese_Military_Aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chinese Military Aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chinese_military_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Chinese_military_aircraft" title="Category:Chinese military aircraft">Chinese military aircraft</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Multirole_combat_aircraft" title="Multirole combat aircraft">Multirole</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Strike_fighter" title="Strike fighter">strike</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-35" title="Shenyang J-35">J-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-20" title="Chengdu J-20">J-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-15" title="Shenyang J-15">J-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-16" title="Shenyang J-16">J-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-10" title="Chengdu J-10">J-10B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-11#J-11B" title="Shenyang J-11">J-11B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-10" title="Chengdu J-10">J-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC/PAC_JF-17_Thunder" title="CAC/PAC JF-17 Thunder">FC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_JH-7" title="Xi'an JH-7">JH-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30MKK#Su-30MK2" title="Sukhoi Su-30MKK">Su-30MK2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-30MKK" title="Sukhoi Su-30MKK">Su-30MKK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-35" title="Sukhoi Su-35">Su-35S</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Air_superiority_fighter" title="Air superiority fighter">Air superiority</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Interceptor_aircraft" title="Interceptor aircraft">interceptor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-35" title="Shenyang J-35">J-35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-20" title="Chengdu J-20">J-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-11#Variants" title="Shenyang J-11">J-11D</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-10B" class="mw-redirect" title="J-10B">J-10B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-15" title="Shenyang J-15">J-15</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-13" title="Shenyang J-13">J-13</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nanchang_J-12" title="Nanchang J-12">J-12</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-11" title="Shenyang J-11">J-11</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-9" title="Chengdu J-9">J-9</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-8" title="Shenyang J-8">J-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-7" title="Chengdu J-7">J-7</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-6" title="Shenyang J-6">J-6</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-5" title="Shenyang J-5">J-5</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-15" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15">J-2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-9" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-9">MiG-9</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-27" title="Sukhoi Su-27">Su-27</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ground-attack_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Ground-attack aircraft">Ground attack</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nanchang_Q-5" title="Nanchang Q-5">Q-5</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nanchang_Q-6" title="Nanchang Q-6">Q-6</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Electronic-warfare_aircraft" title="Electronic-warfare aircraft">Electronic warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-16#Variants" title="Shenyang J-16">J-16D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-15#Variants" title="Shenyang J-15">J-15D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">Bombers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_H-20" title="Xi'an H-20">H-20</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_H-8" title="Xi'an H-8">H-8</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harbin_H-7" title="Harbin H-7">H-7</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_H-6" title="Xi'an H-6">H-6</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">H-5</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-14" title="Tupolev Tu-14">Tu-14</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">Tu-2</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">AEW&C</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electronic-warfare_aircraft" title="Electronic-warfare aircraft">EW</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_KJ-600" title="Xi'an KJ-600">KJ-600</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_KJ-500" title="Shaanxi KJ-500">KJ-500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KJ-2000" title="KJ-2000">KJ-2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-9JZ" title="Shaanxi Y-9JZ">Y-9JZ ELINT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-8#Variants" title="Shaanxi Y-8">Y-8CB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-8#Variants" title="Shaanxi Y-8">Y-8DZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-8#Variants" title="Shaanxi Y-8">Y-8G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-8#Variants" title="Shaanxi Y-8">Y-8GX3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-8#Variants" title="Shaanxi Y-8">Y-8JB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-8#Variants" title="Shaanxi Y-8">Y-8T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-8#Variants" title="Shaanxi Y-8">Y-8W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-8#Variants" title="Shaanxi Y-8">Y-8EW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-8#Variants" title="Shaanxi Y-8">ZDK03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-8#Variants" title="Shaanxi Y-8">Y-8J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_KJ-200" title="Shaanxi KJ-200">KJ-200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Y-7#Variants" title="Xi'an Y-7">Y-7 AWACS</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/KJ-1_AEWC" title="KJ-1 AEWC">KJ-1 AEWC</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-30" title="Antonov An-30">An-30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Tanker_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanker aircraft">Tankers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Y-20" title="Xi'an Y-20">YY-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_H-6" title="Xi'an H-6">HY-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-78" title="Ilyushin Il-78">Il-78</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">Reconnaissance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-8" title="Shenyang J-8">JZ-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_J-7" title="Chengdu J-7">JZ-7</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-6" title="Shenyang J-6">JZ-6</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-5" title="Shenyang J-5">JZ-5</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harbin_H-5" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbin H-5">HZ-5</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154">Tu-154M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Military_transport_aircraft" title="Military transport aircraft">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Strategic_airlift" class="mw-redirect" title="Strategic airlift">Strategic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Y-20" title="Xi'an Y-20">Y-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-9" title="Shaanxi Y-9">Y-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-8" title="Shaanxi Y-8">Y-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-76" title="Ilyushin Il-76">Il-76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Y-7" title="Xi'an Y-7">Y-7</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_patrol_aircraft" title="Maritime patrol aircraft">Maritime Patrol</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_KQ-200" title="Shaanxi KQ-200">KQ-200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-8#Variants" title="Shaanxi Y-8">Y-8EX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_SH-5" title="Harbin SH-5">SH-5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Tactical_airlift" class="mw-redirect" title="Tactical airlift">Tactical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-9" title="Shaanxi Y-9">Y-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Y-12" title="Harbin Y-12">Y-12</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Y-11" title="Harbin Y-11">Y-11</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaanxi_Y-8" title="Shaanxi Y-8">Y-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an_Y-7" title="Xi'an Y-7">Y-7</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-14" title="Ilyushin Il-14">Y-6</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-2" title="Antonov An-2">Y-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series" title="Bombardier Challenger 600 series">CL 601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-154" title="Tupolev Tu-154">Tu-154</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Trainer_aircraft" title="Trainer aircraft">Trainers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hongdu_JL-10" title="Hongdu JL-10">JL-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guizhou_JL-9" title="Guizhou JL-9">JL-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongdu_JL-8" title="Hongdu JL-8">JL-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chengdu_J-7_variants#JJ-7_trainer_series" title="List of Chengdu J-7 variants">JJ-7</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-6#Variants" title="Shenyang J-6">JJ-6</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-5#Variants" title="Shenyang J-5">JJ-5</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-15#Variants" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15">JJ-2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_JJ-1" title="Shenyang JJ-1">JJ-1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongdu_Yakovlev_CJ-7" title="Hongdu Yakovlev CJ-7">CJ-7</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanchang_CJ-6" title="Nanchang CJ-6">CJ-6</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-18" title="Yakovlev Yak-18">CJ-5</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-11" title="Yakovlev Yak-11">Yak-11</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">Helicopters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Attack_helicopter" title="Attack helicopter">Attack</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Z-20#Variants" title="Harbin Z-20">Z-21</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Z-19" title="Harbin Z-19">Z-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changhe_Z-10" title="Changhe Z-10">Z-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Z-9" title="Harbin Z-9">Z-9W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changhe_Z-11#Variants" title="Changhe Z-11">Z-11W</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Utility_helicopter" title="Utility helicopter">Transport<br />and utility</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Z-20" title="Harbin Z-20">Z-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changhe_Z-18" title="Changhe Z-18">Z-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Z-15" class="mw-redirect" title="Harbin Z-15">Z-15</a><sup>*</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changhe_Z-11" title="Changhe Z-11">Z-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Z-9" title="Harbin Z-9">Z-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changhe_Z-8" class="mw-redirect" title="Changhe Z-8">Z-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-8" title="Mil Mi-8">Mi-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-17#Variants" title="Mil Mi-17">Mi-171</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harbin/CHDRI_Z-6" title="Harbin/CHDRI Z-6">Z-6</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Z-5" title="Harbin Z-5">Z-5</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">ASW</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Z-20" title="Harbin Z-20">Z-20F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changhe_Z-18" title="Changhe Z-18">Z-18F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_Z-9" title="Harbin Z-9">Z-9C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changhe_Z-8" class="mw-redirect" title="Changhe Z-8">Z-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamov_Ka-28" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamov Ka-28">Ka-28</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAVs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned combat aerial vehicle">UCAVs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Tactical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aisheng_ASN-205" title="Aisheng ASN-205">WZ-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASIC_WJ" title="CASIC WJ">CASIC Blade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Medium-altitude_long-endurance_unmanned_aerial_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Medium-altitude long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle">MALE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CASC_Rainbow" title="CASC Rainbow">CASC Rainbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_BZK-005" title="Harbin BZK-005">Harbin BZK-005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengden_TB-001" title="Tengden TB-001">Tengden TB-001</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/High-Altitude_Long_Endurance" class="mw-redirect" title="High-Altitude Long Endurance">HALE</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guizhou_WZ-7_Soaring_Dragon" title="Guizhou WZ-7 Soaring Dragon">WZ-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WZ-8_(drone)" class="mw-redirect" title="WZ-8 (drone)">WZ-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu_WZ-10" title="Chengdu WZ-10">WZ-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SYAC_UAV#Divine_Eagle" title="SYAC UAV">Shenyang Divine Eagle</a><sup>*</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Combat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-15" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15">BA-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong" title="CAIG Wing Loong">GJ-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAIG_Wing_Loong_II" title="CAIG Wing Loong II">GJ-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongdu_GJ-11" title="Hongdu GJ-11">GJ-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVIC_Dark_Sword" title="AVIC Dark Sword">Dark Sword</a><sup>*</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles_of_China" title="List of unmanned aerial vehicles of China">List of unmanned aerial vehicles of China</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <li>* = Under development or official military designation not revealed</li> <li><i>Italicized</i> = Retired or cancelled</li> <ul><li><i>Lists: <a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_produced_by_China" title="List of aircraft produced by China">Aircraft</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_active_Chinese_military_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="List of active Chinese military aircraft">Military aircraft</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_unmanned_aerial_vehicles_of_China" title="List of unmanned aerial vehicles of China">UAVs</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Czechoslovak_Air_Force_bomber_designations,_1945–1958" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Czech_bombers" title="Template:Czech bombers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Czech_bombers" title="Template talk:Czech bombers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Czech_bombers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Czech bombers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Czechoslovak_Air_Force_bomber_designations,_1945–1958" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Air_Force" title="Czechoslovak Air Force">Czechoslovak Air Force</a> bomber designations, 1945–1958</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bomber<br />(<i>Bombardovací</i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-2" title="Ilyushin Il-2">B-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petlyakov_Pe-2" title="Petlyakov Pe-2">B-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-10" title="Ilyushin Il-10">B-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">B-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_87" title="Junkers Ju 87">B-37</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">B-228</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Light Bomber<br />(<i>Lehký Bombardovací</i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">LB-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_111" title="Heinkel He 111">LB-77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_219_Uhu" title="Heinkel He 219 Uhu">LB-79</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="USAF/DoD_reporting_names_for_Soviet_and_Chinese_aircraft_and_missiles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USAF/DoD_reporting_names" title="Template:USAF/DoD reporting names"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USAF/DoD_reporting_names" title="Template talk:USAF/DoD reporting names"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USAF/DoD_reporting_names" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USAF/DoD reporting names"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="USAF/DoD_reporting_names_for_Soviet_and_Chinese_aircraft_and_missiles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/USAF/DoD_reporting_names" title="USAF/DoD reporting names">USAF/DoD reporting names</a> for Soviet and Chinese aircraft and missiles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Type numbers<br />(1947–1955)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-9" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-9">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-15" title="Yakovlev Yak-15">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-150" title="Lavochkin La-150">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-152" title="Lavochkin La-152">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-152" title="Lavochkin La-152">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-160" title="Lavochkin La-160">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-19" title="Yakovlev Yak-19">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-9_(1946)" title="Sukhoi Su-9 (1946)">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-12" title="Tupolev Tu-12">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-22" title="Ilyushin Il-22">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_I-270" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich I-270">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_%2773%27" title="Tupolev '73'">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-25_(1947)" title="Yakovlev Yak-25 (1947)">13</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-15" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-168" title="Lavochkin La-168">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-17" title="Yakovlev Yak-17">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-9_(1946)" title="Sukhoi Su-9 (1946)">17</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-82" title="Tupolev Tu-82">17</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_I-320" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich I-320">18</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-15_(1949)" title="Sukhoi Su-15 (1949)">18</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KS-1_Komet" title="KS-1 Komet">19</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-15" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15">19</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17">20</a><sup>1,4</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-30_(1948)" title="Yakovlev Yak-30 (1948)">20</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-15" title="Lavochkin La-15">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2" title="Tupolev Tu-2">22</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonov_An-2" title="Antonov An-2">22</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-12" title="Sukhoi Su-12">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-10" title="Yakovlev Yak-10">24</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-14" title="Yakovlev Yak-14">24</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsybin_Ts-25&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsybin Ts-25 (page does not exist)">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-17" title="Yakovlev Yak-17">26</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-23" title="Yakovlev Yak-23">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-15" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15">29</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-85" title="Tupolev Tu-85">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-1" title="Mil Mi-1">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beriev_Be-8" title="Beriev Be-8">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beriev_Be-6" title="Beriev Be-6">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-14" title="Tupolev Tu-14">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-4" title="Mil Mi-4">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myasishchev_M-4" title="Myasishchev M-4">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-24" title="Yakovlev Yak-24">38</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17">38</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-16" title="Tupolev Tu-16">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-95" title="Tupolev Tu-95">40</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research/prototype<br />aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea_Monster" title="Caspian Sea Monster">CASP-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-90_Orlyonok" title="A-90 Orlyonok">CASP-B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-22M" title="Tupolev Tu-22M">KAZ-A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk" title="Novosibirsk">Novosibirsk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>NOVO-A<sup>3</sup></li> <li>NOVO-B<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_T-60S" title="Sukhoi T-60S">NOVO-C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gromov_Flight_Research_Institute" title="Gromov Flight Research Institute">GFRI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>RAM-A<sup>3</sup></li> <li>RAM-B<sup>3</sup></li> <li>RAM-C<sup>3</sup></li> <li>RAM-D<sup>3</sup></li> <li>RAM-E<sup>3</sup></li> <li>RAM-F<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-38" title="Yakovlev Yak-38">RAM-G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144" title="Tupolev Tu-144">RAM-H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-25" title="Sukhoi Su-25">RAM-J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-27" title="Sukhoi Su-27">RAM-K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan_MiG-29" title="Mikoyan MiG-29">RAM-L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myasishchev_M-55" title="Myasishchev M-55">RAM-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyushin_Il-102" title="Ilyushin Il-102">RAM-N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160" title="Tupolev Tu-160">RAM-P</a></li> <li>RAM-Q<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buran_programme" title="Buran programme">RAM-R</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OK-GLI" title="OK-GLI">R2</a></li></ul></li> <li>RAM-S<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-141" title="Yakovlev Yak-141">RAM-T</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chaplygin_Siberian_Scientific_Research_Institute_Of_Aviation" title="Chaplygin Siberian Scientific Research Institute Of Aviation">SibNIA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sukhoi_Su-47" title="Sukhoi Su-47">SIB-A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Taganrog" title="Taganrog">Taganrog</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartini_Beriev_VVA-14" title="Bartini Beriev VVA-14">TAG-A</a></li> <li>TAG-B<sup>3</sup></li> <li>TAG-C<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beriev_A-40" title="Beriev A-40">TAG-D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harbin_SH-5" title="Harbin SH-5">HARB-A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nanchang" title="Nanchang">Nanchang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>NAN-A<sup>3</sup></li> <li>NAN-B<sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shenyang_J-8" title="Shenyang J-8">XIAN-A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research/prototype<br />missiles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barnaul" title="Barnaul">Barnaul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>BL-01<sup>3</sup></li> <li>BL-02<sup>3</sup></li> <li>BL-03<sup>3</sup></li> <li>BL-04<sup>3</sup></li> <li>BL-05<sup>3</sup></li> <li>BL-06<sup>3</sup></li> <li>BL-07<sup>3</sup></li> <li>BL-08<sup>3</sup></li> <li>BL-09<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-80" title="Kh-80">BL-10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Zhem,_Kazakhstan" title="Zhem, Kazakhstan">Embi-5</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>EM-01<sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kapustin_Yar" title="Kapustin Yar">Kapustin Yar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scud_missile" title="Scud missile">KY-01</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li>KY-02 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R-11_Zemlya" title="R-11 Zemlya">I</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-2_(missile)" title="R-2 (missile)">II</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-5_Pobeda" title="R-5 Pobeda">III</a><sup>5</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-17_Elbrus" title="R-17 Elbrus">KY-03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-12_Dvina" title="R-12 Dvina">KY-04</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-14_Chusovaya" title="R-14 Chusovaya">KY-05</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-1_Temp" title="TR-1 Temp">KY-06</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-15" title="RT-15">KY-07</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li>KY-08<sup>3</sup></li> <li>KY-09<sup>3</sup></li> <li>KY-10<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TR-1_Temp" title="TR-1 Temp">KY-11</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OTR-21_Tochka" title="OTR-21 Tochka">KY-12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nyonoksa" title="Nyonoksa">Nyonoksa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>NE-01<sup>3</sup></li> <li>NE-02<sup>3</sup></li> <li>NE-03<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-39_Rif" title="R-39 Rif">NE-04</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plesetsk" title="Plesetsk">Plesetsk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RT-20P" title="RT-20P">PL-01</a></li> <li>PL-02<sup>3</sup></li> <li>PL-03<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-23_Molodets" title="RT-23 Molodets">PL-04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT-2PM_Topol" title="RT-2PM Topol">PL-05</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sary_Shagan" title="Sary Shagan">Sary Shagan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABM-1_Galosh" title="ABM-1 Galosh">SH-01</a></li> <li>SH-02<sup>3</sup></li> <li>SH-03<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABM-1_Galosh" title="ABM-1 Galosh">SH-04</a><sup>4</sup></li> <li>SH-05<sup>3</sup></li> <li>SH-06<sup>3</sup></li> <li>SH-07<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53T6" title="53T6">SH-08</a></li> <li>SH-09<sup>3</sup></li> <li>SH-10<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-135_anti-ballistic_missile_system" title="A-135 anti-ballistic missile system">SH-11</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6retam" title="Töretam">Töretam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>TT-01<sup>3</sup></li> <li>TT-02<sup>3</sup></li> <li>TT-03<sup>3</sup></li> <li>TT-04<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N1_(rocket)" title="N1 (rocket)">TT-05</a></li> <li>TT-06<sup>3</sup></li> <li>TT-07<sup>3</sup></li> <li>TT-08<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9K720_Iskander" title="9K720 Iskander">TT-09</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vladimirovska&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vladimirovska (page does not exist)">Vladimirovska</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>VA-01<sup>3</sup></li> <li>VA-02<sup>3</sup></li> <li>VA-03<sup>3</sup></li> <li>VA-04<sup>3</sup></li> <li>VA-05<sup>3</sup></li> <li>VA-06<sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kh-15" title="Kh-15">VA-07</a><sup>5</sup></li> <li>VA-08<sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>1</sup> Listed in contemporary sources  •  <sup>2</sup> Bergander list (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://designation-systems.net/non-us/soviet.html#_Type_Note3">details</a>)  •  <sup>3</sup> Unknown/no details  •  <sup>4</sup> Possible error  •  <sup>5</sup> Unconfirmed</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652911#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2003010073">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Iljušin II-28 (bombardovací letadlo)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph606713&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007532888605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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