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silicate cement</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: calcium silicate cement"> <meta name="keywords" content="calcium silicate cement"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="calcium silicate cement"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1537</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: calcium silicate cement</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1537</span> Comparison of the Hydration Products of Commercial and Experimental Calcium Silicate Cement: The Preliminary Observational Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Woo%20Chang">Seok Woo Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: The objective of this study was to compare and evaluate the hydration products of commercial and experimental calcium silicate cement. Materials and Methods: The commercial calcium silicate cement (ProRoot MTA, Dentsply) and experimental calcium silicate cement (n=10) were mixed with distilled water (water/powder ratio = 20 w/w) and stirred at room temperature for 10 hours. These mixtures were dispersed on wafer and dried for 12 hours at room temperature. Thereafter, the dried specimens were examined with Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Electron Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) was also carried out. Results: The commercial calcium silicate cement (ProRoot MTA) and experimental calcium silicate cement both showed precipitation of rod-like and globule-like crystals. Based on EDS analysis, these precipitates were supposed to be calcium hydroxide or calcium silicate hydrates. The degree of formation of these precipitates was higher in commercial MTA. Conclusions: Based on the results, both commercial and experimental calcium silicate cement had ability to produce calcium hydroxide or calcium silicate hydrate precipitates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20silicate%20cement" title="calcium silicate cement">calcium silicate cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ProRoot%20MTA" title=" ProRoot MTA"> ProRoot MTA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=precipitation" title=" precipitation"> precipitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20hydroxide" title=" calcium hydroxide"> calcium hydroxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20silicate%20hydrate" title=" calcium silicate hydrate"> calcium silicate hydrate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8741/comparison-of-the-hydration-products-of-commercial-and-experimental-calcium-silicate-cement-the-preliminary-observational-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8741.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">265</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1536</span> Analysis of in Vitro Biocompatibility Studies of Silicate-Based Bioceramic Cements: A Scoping Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olphiara%20Rodolpheza%20Alexandre">Olphiara Rodolpheza Alexandre</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carla%20David"> Carla David</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafael%20Guerra%20Lund"> Rafael Guerra Lund</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadia%20Ferreira"> Nadia Ferreira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the increasing demand for biomaterials in the dental field, especially in endodontics, calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) have gained prominence because of their biocompatibility and tissue regeneration capabilities. Originating from Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), the first bioceramic in endodontics derived from Portland cement, these materials are becoming increasingly prevalent in the market. For any drug released to the market, pharmacovigilance must ensure the absence of adverse health effects on consumers through rigorous toxicological testing. Although these materials have undergone in vitro and in vivo testing, such tests have typically been conducted over a limited period. Some effects may only become apparent after several years, and these studies are generally carried out on a non-specific population. However, the variety of calcium silicate-based products, including cement and sealers, raises questions about their toxicity, particularly considering potential long-term effects not addressed in existing studies. While the scientific literature includes comparative studies on the toxicity of these materials, the consistency of their conclusions is often controversial. Therefore, this project aims to map the scientific evidence from in vitro biocompatibility studies, including those investigating the toxicity of calcium silicate-based bioceramics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title="toxicity">toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity%20test" title=" toxicity test"> toxicity test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioceramics" title=" bioceramics"> bioceramics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20silicate" title=" calcium silicate"> calcium silicate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genotoxicity" title=" genotoxicity"> genotoxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189472/analysis-of-in-vitro-biocompatibility-studies-of-silicate-based-bioceramic-cements-a-scoping-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1535</span> Biocompatibilities of Various Calcium Silicate Cements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Woo%20Chang">Seok Woo Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kee%20Yeon%20Kum"> Kee Yeon Kum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwang%20Shik%20Bae"> Kwang Shik Bae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WooCheol%20Lee"> WooCheol Lee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the biocompatibilities and mineralization potential of ProRoot MTA and newly developed calcium phosphate based cement, Capseal. Materials and Methods: The biocompatibilities and mineralization-related gene expressions (Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OCN)) of ProRoot MTA and Capseal were also compared by a methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay and reverse transcription-polymerization chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis on 1, 3, and 7 days, respectively. Empty rings were used as control group. The results were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test with a Bonferroni correction. P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The biocompatibilities of ProRoot MTA and Capseal were equally favorable. ProRoot MTA and Capseal affected the messenger RNA expression of osteocalcin and osteonectin. Conclusions: Based on the results, both ProRoot MTA and Capseal could be a useful biomaterial in clinical endodontics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocompatibility" title="biocompatibility">biocompatibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20silicate%20cement" title=" calcium silicate cement"> calcium silicate cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MTT" title=" MTT"> MTT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RT-PCR" title=" RT-PCR"> RT-PCR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3950/biocompatibilities-of-various-calcium-silicate-cements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1534</span> Mechanical Strengths of Self-Compacting Mortars Prepared with the Pozzolanic Cement in Aggressive Environments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Saidi">M. Saidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Djefour"> I. Djefour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Ait%20Medjber"> F. Ait Medjber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Melouane"> A. Melouane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Gacem"> A. Gacem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this research is to study the physical and mechanical properties and durability of self-compacting mortars prepared by substituting a part of cement up to a percentage of 30% pozzolan according to different Blaine specific surface area (SSB1=7000 cm<sup>2</sup>/g and SSB=9000 cm<sup>2</sup>/g)). Order to evaluate durability, mortars were subjected to chemical attacks in various aggressive environments, a solution of a mixture of nitric acid and ammonium nitrate (HNO<sub>3</sub> + NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>) and a magnesium sulfate salt solution (MgSO<sub>4</sub>)) with a concentration of 10%, for a period of one month. This study is complemented by a comparative study of the durability of mortars elaborated with sulphate resistant cement (SRC). The results show that these mortars develop long-term, mechanical and chemical resistance better than mortars based Portland cement with 5% gypsum (CEM 1) and SRC. We found that the mass losses are lowest in mortars elaborated with pozzolanic cement (30% substitution with SSB<sub>2</sub>) in both of chemical attack solutions (3.28% in the solution acid and 1.16% in the salt solution) and the compressive strength gains of 14.68% and 8.5% respectively in the two media. This is due to the action of pozzolan which fixes portlandite to form hydrated calcium silicate (CSH) from the hydration of tricalcic silicate (C<sub>3</sub>S). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggressive%20environments" title="aggressive environments">aggressive environments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability" title=" durability"> durability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20strengths" title=" mechanical strengths"> mechanical strengths</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pozzolanic%20cement" title=" pozzolanic cement"> pozzolanic cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-compacting%20mortar" title=" self-compacting mortar"> self-compacting mortar</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59732/mechanical-strengths-of-self-compacting-mortars-prepared-with-the-pozzolanic-cement-in-aggressive-environments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">235</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1533</span> Hydration Behavior of Belitic Cement in the Presence of Na₂CO₃, NaOH, KOH, and Water Glass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Amor">F. Amor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Bouregba"> A. Bouregba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20El%20Fami"> N. El Fami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Diouri"> A. Diouri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study provides insights into the role of alkalis in modifying the hydration kinetics and microstructural development of β-dicalcium silicate, highlighting potential pathways for enhancing the performance of belite-based cements in various construction applications. It investigates the behavior of β-dicalcium silicates (β-Ca₂SiO₄) when hydrated in various alkaline environments, including deionized water and solutions containing 2M concentrations of Na₂CO₃, NaOH, KOH, and water glass. The dicalcium silicate was synthesized with laboratory reagents, calcium carbonate, and gel silica. The hydration process was carried out over different periods, ranging from 7 to 90 days. The hydrated samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, while the mechanical strength tests were performed at 28 and 90 days. The results indicate that the presence of alkalis significantly influences the hydration of belite cement. Early hydration is accelerated, which is evident from the faster dissolution of C₂S, a decrease in C₂S peaks, and the formation of C-S-H products, including sodium-containing C-(N)-S-H and potassium-containing C-(K)-S-H. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dicalcium%20silicate" title="dicalcium silicate">dicalcium silicate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkali%20activator" title=" alkali activator"> alkali activator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydration" title=" hydration"> hydration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20glass" title=" water glass"> water glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%E2%82%82CO%E2%82%83" title=" Na₂CO₃"> Na₂CO₃</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NaOH" title=" NaOH"> NaOH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=KOH" title=" KOH"> KOH</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193548/hydration-behavior-of-belitic-cement-in-the-presence-of-na2co3-naoh-koh-and-water-glass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193548.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">13</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1532</span> A Study for Effective CO2 Sequestration of Hydrated Cement by Direct Aqueous Carbonation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyomin%20Lee">Hyomin Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinhyun%20Lee"> Jinhyun Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinyeon%20Hwang"> Jinyeon Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Younghoon%20Choi"> Younghoon Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Byeongseo%20Son"> Byeongseo Son</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Global warming is a world-wide issue. Various carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies for reducing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere have been increasingly studied. Mineral carbonation is one of promising method for CO2 sequestration. Waste cement generating from aggregate recycling processes of waste concrete is potentially a good raw material containing reactive components for mineral carbonation. The major goal of our long-term project is to developed effective methods for CO2 sequestration using waste cement. In the present study, the carbonation characteristics of hydrated cement were examined by conducting two different direct aqueous carbonation experiments. We also evaluate the influence of NaCl and MgCl2 as additives to increase mineral carbonation efficiency of hydrated cement. Cement paste was made with W:C= 6:4 and stored for 28 days in water bath. The prepared cement paste was pulverized to the size less than 0.15 mm. 15 g of pulverized cement paste and 200 ml of solutions containing additives were reacted in ambient temperature and pressure conditions. 1M NaCl and 0.25 M MgCl2 was selected for additives after leaching test. Two different sources of CO2 was applied for direct aqueous carbonation experiment: 0.64 M NaHCO3 was used for CO2 donor in method 1 and pure CO2 gas (99.9%) was bubbling into reacting solution at the flow rate of 20 ml/min in method 2. The pH and Ca ion concentration were continuously measured with pH/ISE Multiparameter to observe carbonation behaviors. Material characterization of reacted solids was performed by TGA, XRD, SEM/EDS analyses. The carbonation characteristics of hydrated cement were significantly different with additives. Calcite was a dominant calcium carbonate mineral after the two carbonation experiments with no additive and NaCl additive. The significant amount of aragonite and vaterite as well as very fine calcite of poorer crystallinity was formed with MgCl2 additive. CSH (calcium silicate hydrate) in hydrated cement were changed to MSH (magnesium silicate hydrate). This transformation contributed to the high carbonation efficiency. Carbonation experiment with method 1 revealed that that the carbonation of hydrated cement took relatively long time in MgCl2 solution compared to that in NaCl solution and the contents of aragonite and vaterite were increased as increasing reaction time. In order to maximize carbonation efficiency in direct aqueous carbonation with CO2 gas injection (method 2), the control of solution pH was important. The solution pH was decreased with injection of CO2 gas. Therefore, the carbonation efficiency in direct aqueous carbonation was closely related to the stability of calcium carbonate minerals with pH changes. With no additive and NaCl additive, the maximum carbonation was achieved when the solution pH was greater than 11. Calcium carbonate form by mineral carbonation seemed to be re-dissolved as pH decreased below 11 with continuous CO2 gas injection. The type of calcium carbonate mineral formed during carbonation in MgCl2 solution was closely related to the variation of solution pH caused by CO2 gas injection. The amount of aragonite significantly increased with decreasing solution pH, whereas the amount of calcite decreased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO2%20sequestration" title="CO2 sequestration">CO2 sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mineral%20carbonation" title=" Mineral carbonation"> Mineral carbonation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cement%20and%20concrete" title=" Cement and concrete"> Cement and concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MgCl2%20and%20NaCl" title=" MgCl2 and NaCl"> MgCl2 and NaCl</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17240/a-study-for-effective-co2-sequestration-of-hydrated-cement-by-direct-aqueous-carbonation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1531</span> Efficacy of Crystalline Admixtures in Self-Healing Capacity of Fibre Reinforced Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evangelia%20Tsampali">Evangelia Tsampali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evangelos%20Yfantidis"> Evangelos Yfantidis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20Ioakim"> Andreas Ioakim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Stefanidou"> Maria Stefanidou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is the characterization of the effects of crystalline admixtures on concrete. Crystallites, aided by the presence of humidity, form idiomorphic crystals that block cracks and pores resulting in reduced porosity. In this project, two types of crystallines have been employed. The hydrophilic nature of crystalline admixtures helps the components to react with water and cement particles in the concrete to form calcium silicate hydrates and pore-blocking precipitates in the existing micro-cracks and capillaries. The underlying mechanism relies on the formation of calcium silicate hydrates and the resulting deposits of these crystals become integrally bound with the hydrated cement paste. The crystalline admixtures continue to activate throughout the life of the composite material when in the presence of moisture entering the concrete through hairline cracks, sealing additional gaps. The resulting concrete exhibits significantly increased resistance to water penetration under stress. Admixtures of calcium aluminates can also contribute to this healing mechanism in the same manner. However, this contribution is negligible compared to the calcium silicate hydrates due to the abundance of the latter. These crystalline deposits occur throughout the concrete volume and are a permanent part of the concrete mass. High-performance fibre reinforced cementitious composite (HPFRCC) were produced in the laboratory. The specimens were exposed in three healing conditions: water immersion until testing at 15 °C, sea water immersion until testing at 15 °C, and wet/dry cycles (immersion in tap water for 3 days and drying for 4 days). Specimens were pre-cracked at 28 days, and the achieved cracks width were in the range of 0.10–0.50 mm. Furthermore, microstructure observations and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity tests have been conducted. Based on the outcomes, self-healing related indicators have also been defined. The results show almost perfect healing capability for specimens healed under seawater, better than for specimens healed in water while inadequate for the wet/dry exposure in both of the crystalline types. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autogenous%20self-healing" title="autogenous self-healing">autogenous self-healing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystalline%20admixtures" title=" crystalline admixtures"> crystalline admixtures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20pulse%20velocity%20test" title=" ultrasonic pulse velocity test"> ultrasonic pulse velocity test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104401/efficacy-of-crystalline-admixtures-in-self-healing-capacity-of-fibre-reinforced-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104401.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1530</span> Cementing Efficiency of Low Calcium Fly Ash in Fly Ash Concretes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20D.%20Gunneswara%20Rao">T. D. Gunneswara Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mudimby%20Andal"> Mudimby Andal </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Research on the utilization of fly ash will no longer refer the fly ash as a waste material of thermal power plants. Use of fly ash in concrete making, makes the concrete economical as well as durable. The fly ash is being added to the concrete in three ways namely, as partial replacement to cement, partial replacement to fine aggregates and admixture. Addition of fly ash to the concrete in each one of the form mentioned above, makes the concrete more workable and durable than the conventional concrete. Studies on fly ash as partial replacement to cement gained momentum as such replacement makes the concrete economical. In the present study, an attempt has been made to understand the effects of fly ash on the workability characteristics and strength aspects of fly ash concretes. In India, major number of thermal power plants are producing low calcium fly ash. Hence, in the present investigation, low calcium fly ash has been used. Fly ash in concrete was considered for the partial replacement of cement. The percentage replacement of cement by fly ash varied from 0% to 40% at regular intervals of 10%. Moreover the fine aggregate to coarse aggregate ratio also has been varied as 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The workability tests revealed that up to 30% replacement of cement by fly ash in concrete mixes water demand for reduces and beyond 30% replacement of cement by fly ash demanded more water content for constant workability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cementing%20efficiency" title="cementing efficiency">cementing efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20calcium%20fly%20ash" title=" low calcium fly ash"> low calcium fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=workability" title=" workability"> workability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3427/cementing-efficiency-of-low-calcium-fly-ash-in-fly-ash-concretes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3427.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1529</span> Laboratory Investigation on the Waste Road Construction Material Using Conventional and Chemical Additives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paulos%20Meles%20Yihdego">Paulos Meles Yihdego</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To address the environmental impact of the cement industry and road building waste, the use of chemical stabilizers in conjunction with recycled asphalt and cement components was investigated. The silica-based chemical stabilizers and their potential effects on the base layer stabilized by cement are discussed in this paper. Strength, moisture compaction interaction, and microstructural characteristics are all examined. According to the outcome, using this stabilizer has improved the mechanical properties. The inclusion of chemical stabilizers in the combination, which is responsible for the mixture's improved strength, raised the intensity of the C-S-H (Calcium Silicate Hydrate) gel, according to a microstructural study. The design was demonstrated to be durable by the little ettringites found in the later phases. The application of this stabilizer ensures a strong, eco-friendly, durable base layer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ettringites" title="ettringites">ettringites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure%20analysis" title=" microstructure analysis"> microstructure analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=durability%20properties" title=" durability properties"> durability properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20stabilized%20base" title=" cement stabilized base"> cement stabilized base</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176313/laboratory-investigation-on-the-waste-road-construction-material-using-conventional-and-chemical-additives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1528</span> Drying Shrinkage of Magnesium Silicate Hydrate Gel Cements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Zhang">T. Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X.%20Liang"> X. Liang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Lorin"> M. Lorin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Cheeseman"> C. Cheeseman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20J.%20Vandeperre"> L. J. Vandeperre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cracks were observed when the magnesium silicate hydrate gel cement (prepared by 40% MgO/ 60% silica fume) was dried. This drying cracking is believed to be caused when unbound water evaporates from the binder. The shrinkage upon forced drying to 200 °C of mortars made up from a reactive magnesium oxide, silica fume and sand was measured using dilatometry. The magnitude of the drying shrinkage was found to decrease when more sand or less water was added to the mortars and can be as low as 0.16% for a mortar containing 60 wt% sand and a water to cement ratio of 0.5, which is of a similar order of magnitude as observed in Portland cement based mortars and concretes. A simple geometrical interpretation based on packing of the particles in the mortar can explain the observed drying shrinkages and based on this analysis the drying shrinkage of the hydration products at zero added solid is estimated to be 7.3% after 7 days of curing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20silicate%20hydrate" title="magnesium silicate hydrate">magnesium silicate hydrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shrinkage" title=" shrinkage"> shrinkage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dilatometry" title=" dilatometry"> dilatometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gel%20cements" title=" gel cements"> gel cements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29325/drying-shrinkage-of-magnesium-silicate-hydrate-gel-cements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29325.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1527</span> Characterization of Cement Mortar Based on Fine Quartz</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Arroudj">K. Arroudj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Lanez"> M. Lanez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Oudjit"> M. N. Oudjit </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The introduction of siliceous mineral additions in cement production allows, in addition to the ecological and economic gain, improvement of concrete performance. This improvement is mainly due to the fixing of Portlandite, released during the hydration of cement, by fine siliceous, forming denser calcium silicate hydrates and therefore a more compact cementitious matrix. This research is part of the valuation of the Dune Sand (DS) in the cement industry in Algeria. The high silica content of DS motivated us to study its effect, at ground state, on the properties of mortars in fresh and hardened state. For this purpose, cement pastes and mortars based on ground dune sand (fine quartz) has been analyzed with a replacement to cement of 15%, 20% and 25%. This substitution has reduced the amount of heat of hydration and avoids any risk of initial cracking. In addition, the grinding of the dune sand provides amorphous thin populations adsorbed at the surface of the crystal particles of quartz. Which gives to ground quartz pozzolanic character. This character results an improvement of mechanical strength of mortar (66 MPa in the presence of 25% of ground quartz). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralogical%20structure" title="mineralogical structure">mineralogical structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pozzolanic%20reactivity" title=" pozzolanic reactivity"> pozzolanic reactivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quartz" title=" Quartz"> Quartz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20strength" title=" mechanical strength"> mechanical strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28706/characterization-of-cement-mortar-based-on-fine-quartz" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">285</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1526</span> Calcium Phosphate Cement/Gypsum Composite as Dental Pulp Capping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-Feng%20Lin">Jung-Feng Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Tang%20Chen"> Wei-Tang Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chung-King%20Hsu"> Chung-King Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun-Pin%20Lin"> Chun-Pin Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feng-Huei%20Lin"> Feng-Huei Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the objectives of operative dentistry is to maintain pulp health in compromised teeth. Mostly used methods for this purpose are direct pulp capping and pulpotomy, which consist of placement of biocompatible materials and bio-inductors on the exposed pulp tissue to preserve its health and stimulate repair by mineralized tissue formation. In this study, we developed a material (calcium phosphate cement (CPC)/gypsum composite) as the dental pulp capping material for shortening setting time and improving handling properties. We further discussed the influence of five different ratio of gypsum to CPC on HAP conversion, microstructure, setting time, weight loss, pH value, temperature difference, viscosity, mechanical properties, porosity, and biocompatibility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20phosphate%20cement" title="calcium phosphate cement">calcium phosphate cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20sulphate%20hemihydrate" title=" calcium sulphate hemihydrate"> calcium sulphate hemihydrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulp%20capping" title=" pulp capping"> pulp capping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20setting%20time" title=" fast setting time"> fast setting time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63252/calcium-phosphate-cementgypsum-composite-as-dental-pulp-capping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63252.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">386</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1525</span> The Biocompatibility and Osteogenic Potential of Experimental Calcium Silicate Based Root Canal Sealer, Capseal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Woo%20Chang">Seok Woo Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: Capseal I and Capseal II are calcium silicate and calcium phosphate based experimental root canal sealer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and mineralization potential of Capseal I and Capseal II. Materials and Methods: The biocompatibility and mineralization-related gene expression (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OCN)) of Capseal I and Capseal II were compared using methylthiazol tetrazolium assay and reverse transcription-polymerization chain reaction analysis, respectively. The results were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test. P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Result: Both Capseal I and Capseal II were favorable in biocompatibility and influenced the messenger RNA expression of ALP and BSP. Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, Capseal is biocompatible and have mineralization promoting potential, and thus could be a promising root canal sealer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biocompatibility" title="biocompatibility">biocompatibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineralization-related%20gene%20expression" title=" mineralization-related gene expression"> mineralization-related gene expression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Capseal%20I" title=" Capseal I"> Capseal I</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Capseal%20II" title=" Capseal II"> Capseal II</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10059/the-biocompatibility-and-osteogenic-potential-of-experimental-calcium-silicate-based-root-canal-sealer-capseal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1524</span> A Novel Bio-ceramic Using Hyperthermia for Bone Cancer Therapy, Ferro-substituted Silicate Calcium Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hassan%20gheisari">hassan gheisari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ferro silicate calcium nano particles are prepared through the sol-gel method using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a chelating agent. The powder, as prepared, is annealed at three different temperatures (900 ºC, 1000 ºC, and 1100 ºC) for 3 h. The XRD patterns of the samples indicate broad peaks, and the full width at half maximum decreased with increasing annealing temperature. FTIR spectra of the samples confirm the presence of metal - oxygen complexes within the structure. The average particle size obtained from PSA curve demonstrates ultrafine particles. SEM micrographs indicate the particles synthesized have spherical morphology. The saturation magnetization (Ms) and remnant magnetization (Mr) of the samples show dependence on particle size and crystallinity of the samples. The highest saturation magnetization is achieved for the sample annealed at 1100 ºC having maximum average particle size. The high saturation magnetization of the samples suggests the present method is suitable for obtaining nano particles magnetic ferro bioceramic, which is desirable for practical applications such as hyperthermia bone cancer therapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperthermia" title="hyperthermia">hyperthermia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20cancer" title=" bone cancer"> bone cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio%20ceramic%3B%20magnetic%20materials%3B%20sol%E2%80%93%20gel" title=" bio ceramic; magnetic materials; sol– gel"> bio ceramic; magnetic materials; sol– gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicate%20calcium" title=" silicate calcium"> silicate calcium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163836/a-novel-bio-ceramic-using-hyperthermia-for-bone-cancer-therapy-ferro-substituted-silicate-calcium-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1523</span> Ferro-Substituted Silicate Calcium Materials, a Novel Bio-Ceramic Using Hyperthermia for Bone Cancer Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Gheisari">Hassan Gheisari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ferro silicate calcium nano particles are prepared through the sol-gel method using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a chelating agent. The powder as prepared is annealed at three different temperatures (900 ºC, 1000 ºC and 1100 ºC) for 3 h. The XRD patterns of the samples indicate broad peaks and the full width at half maximum decreased with increasing annealing temperature. FTIR spectra of the samples confirm the presence of metal - oxygen complexes within the structure. The average particle size obtained from PSA curve demonstrates ultrafine particles. SEM micrographs indicate the particles synthesized have spherical morphology. The saturation magnetization (Ms) and remnant magnetization (Mr) of the samples show dependence on particle size and crystallinity of the samples. The highest saturation magnetization is achieved for the sample annealed at 1100 ºC having maximum average particle size. The high saturation magnetization of the samples suggests the present method is suitable for obtaining nano particles magnetic ferro bioceramic which is desirable for practical applications such as hyperthermia bone cancer therapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperthermia" title="hyperthermia">hyperthermia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bone%20cancer" title=" bone cancer"> bone cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio%20ceramic" title=" bio ceramic"> bio ceramic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20materials" title=" magnetic materials"> magnetic materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol%E2%80%93%20gel" title=" sol– gel"> sol– gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicate%20calcium" title=" silicate calcium"> silicate calcium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39463/ferro-substituted-silicate-calcium-materials-a-novel-bio-ceramic-using-hyperthermia-for-bone-cancer-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1522</span> Eco-Efficient Cementitious Materials for Construction Applications in Ireland</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eva%20Ujaczki">Eva Ujaczki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rama%20Krishna%20Chinnam"> Rama Krishna Chinnam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ronan%20Courtney"> Ronan Courtney</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20A.%20M.%20Tofail"> Syed A. M. Tofail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20O%27Donoghue"> Lisa O'Donoghue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concrete is the second most widely used material in the world and is made of cement, sand, and aggregates. Cement is a hydraulic binder which reacts with water to form a solid material. In the cement manufacturing process, the right mix of minerals from mined natural rocks, e.g., limestone is melted in a kiln at 1450 °C to form a new compound, clinker. In the final stage, the clinker is milled into a fine cement powder. The principal cement types manufactured in Ireland are: 1) CEM I – Portland cement; 2) CEM II/A – Portland-fly ash cement; 3) CEM II/A – Portland-limestone cement and 4) CEM III/A – Portland-round granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). The production of eco-efficient, blended cement (CEM II, CEM III) reduces CO₂ emission and improves energy efficiency compared to traditional cements. Blended cements are produced locally in Ireland and more than 80% of produced cement is blended. These eco-efficient, blended cements are a relatively new class of construction materials and a kind of geopolymer binders. From a terminological point of view, geopolymer cement is a binding system that is able to harden at room temperature. Geopolymers do not require calcium-silicate-hydrate gel but utilize the polycondensation of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ precursors to achieve a superior strength level. Geopolymer materials are usually synthesized using an aluminosilicate raw material and an activating solution which is mainly composed of NaOH or KOH and Na₂SiO₃. Cement is the essential ingredient in concrete which is vital for economic growth of countries. The challenge for the global cement industry is to reach to increasing demand at the same time recognize the need for sustainable usage of resources. Therefore, in this research, we investigated the potential for Irish wastes to be used in geopolymer cement type applications through a national stakeholder workshop with the Irish construction sector and relevant stakeholders. This paper aims at summarizing Irish stakeholder’s perspective for introducing new secondary raw materials, e.g., bauxite residue or increasing the fly ash addition into cement for eco-efficient cement production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eco-efficient" title="eco-efficient">eco-efficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement" title=" cement"> cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymer" title=" geopolymer"> geopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blending" title=" blending"> blending</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101617/eco-efficient-cementitious-materials-for-construction-applications-in-ireland" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1521</span> Using Recycled Wastes (Glass Powder) as Partially Replacement for Cement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Passant%20Youssef">Passant Youssef</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20El-Tair"> Ahmed El-Tair</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amr%20El-Nemr"> Amr El-Nemr </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lately, with the environmental changes, enthusiasts trigger to stop the contamination of environment. Thus, various efforts were exerted for innovating environmental friendly concrete to sustain as a ‘Green Building’ material. Green building materials consider the cement industry as one of the most sources of air pollutant with high rate of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions. Several methods were developed to extensively reduce the influence of cement industry on environment. These methods such as using supplementary cementitious material or improving the cement manufacturing process are still under investigation. However, with the presence of recycled wastes from construction and finishing materials, the use of supplementary cementitious materials seems to provide an economic solution. Furthermore, it improves the mechanical properties of cement paste, in addition to; it modulates the workability and durability of concrete. In this paper, the glass powder was considered to be used as partial replacement of cement. This study provided the mechanical influence for using the glass powder as partial replacement of cement. In addition, it examines the microstructure of cement mortar using scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The cement in concrete is replaced by waste glass powder in steps of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% by weight of cement and its effects on compressive and flexure strength were determined after 7 and 28 days. It was found that the 5% glass powder replacement increased the 7 days compressive strength by 20.5%, however, there was no increase in compressive strength after 28 days; which means that the glass powder did not react in the cement mortar due to its amorphous nature on the long run, and it can act as fine aggregate better that cement replacement. As well as, the 5% and 10% glass powder replacement increased the 28 days flexural strength by 46.9%. SEM micrographs showed very dense matrix for the optimum specimen compared to control specimen as well; some glass particles were clearly observed. High counts of silica were optimized from XRD while amorphous materials such as calcium silicate cannot be directly detected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supplementary%20materials" title="supplementary materials">supplementary materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20powder" title=" glass powder"> glass powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cementitious%20materials" title=" cementitious materials"> cementitious materials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76780/using-recycled-wastes-glass-powder-as-partially-replacement-for-cement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1520</span> Influence of Silica Fume on the Hydration of Cement Pastes Studied by Simultaneous TG-DSC Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anton%20Trn%C3%ADk">Anton Trník</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lenka%20Scheinherrov%C3%A1"> Lenka Scheinherrová</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20%C4%8Cern%C3%BD"> Robert Černý</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Silica fume is a by-product of the ferro-silicon and silicon metal industries. It is mainly in the form of amorphous silica. Silica fume belongs to pozzolanic active materials which can be used in concrete to improve its final properties. In this paper, the influence of silica fume on hydration of cement pastes is studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG) at various curing times (2, 7, 28, and 90 days) in the temperature range from 25 to 1000 °C in an argon atmosphere. Samples are prepared from Portland cement CEM I 42.5 R which is partially replaced with the silica fume of 4, 8, and 12 wt.%. The water/binder ratio is chosen as 0.5. It is identified and described the liberation of physically bound water, calcium–silicate–hydrates dehydration, portlandite and calcite decomposition in studied samples. Also, it is found out that an exothermic peak at 950 °C is observed without a significant mass change for samples with 12 wt.% of silica fume after two days of hydration. This peak is probably caused by the pozzolanic reaction between silica fume and Portland cement. Its size corresponds to the degree of crystallization between Ca and Si. The portlandite content is lower for the samples with a higher amount of silica fume. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20scanning%20calorimetry" title="differential scanning calorimetry">differential scanning calorimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydration" title=" hydration"> hydration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20fume" title=" silica fume"> silica fume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermogravimetry" title=" thermogravimetry"> thermogravimetry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62051/influence-of-silica-fume-on-the-hydration-of-cement-pastes-studied-by-simultaneous-tg-dsc-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62051.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1519</span> Fire Resistance Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Member Strengthened by Fiber Reinforced Polymer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soo-Yeon%20Seo">Soo-Yeon Seo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong-Wook%20Lim"> Jong-Wook Lim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Se-Ki%20Song"> Se-Ki Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) materials have been widely used for reinforcement of building structural members. However, since the FRP and the epoxy material for attaching it have very low resistance to heat, there is a problem in application where high temperature is an issue. In this paper, the resistance performance of FRP member made of carbon fiber at high temperature was investigated through experiment under temperature change. As a result, epoxy encapsulating FRP is damaged at not high temperatures, and the fibers are degraded. Therefore, when reinforcing a structure using FRP, a separate refractory heat treatment is necessary. The use of a 30 mm thick calcium silicate board as a fireproofing method can protect FRP up to 600ᵒC outside temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRP%20%28Fiber%20Reinforced%20Polymer%29" title="FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer)">FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20temperature" title=" high temperature"> high temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiment%20under%20temperature%20change" title=" experiment under temperature change"> experiment under temperature change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20silicate%20board" title=" calcium silicate board"> calcium silicate board</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78913/fire-resistance-capacity-of-reinforced-concrete-member-strengthened-by-fiber-reinforced-polymer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">396</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1518</span> Effect of Plasticizer Additives on the Mechanical Properties of Cement Composite: A Molecular Dynamics Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Mohan">R. Mohan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Jadhav"> V. Jadhav</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Ahmed"> A. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Rivas"> J. Rivas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kelkar"> A. Kelkar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cementitious materials are an excellent example of a composite material with complex hierarchical features and random features that range from nanometer (nm) to millimeter (mm) scale. Multi-scale modeling of complex material systems requires starting from fundamental building blocks to capture the scale relevant features through associated computational models. In this paper, molecular dynamics (MD) modeling is employed to predict the effect of plasticizer additive on the mechanical properties of key hydrated cement constituent calcium-silicate-hydrate (CSH) at the molecular, nanometer scale level. Due to complexity, still unknown molecular configuration of CSH, a representative configuration widely accepted in the field of mineral Jennite is employed. The effectiveness of the Molecular Dynamics modeling to understand the predictive influence of material chemistry changes based on molecular/nanoscale models is demonstrated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%20composite" title="cement composite">cement composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20properties" title=" mechanical properties"> mechanical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics" title=" molecular dynamics"> molecular dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasticizer%20additives" title=" plasticizer additives"> plasticizer additives</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1528/effect-of-plasticizer-additives-on-the-mechanical-properties-of-cement-composite-a-molecular-dynamics-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1528.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1517</span> Utilizing Quicklime (Calcium Oxide) for Self-Healing Properties in Innovation of Coconut Husk Fiber Bricks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Gabriel%20Mariveles">Christian Gabriel Mariveles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darelle%20Jay%20Gallardo"> Darelle Jay Gallardo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leslie%20Dayaoen"> Leslie Dayaoen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurenz%20Paul%20Diaz"> Laurenz Paul Diaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> True experimental research with descriptive analysis was conducted. Utilizing Quicklime (Calcium Oxide) for self-healing properties of coconut husk fibre concrete brick. There are 2 setups established: the first one has the 1:1:2 ratio of calcium oxide, cement and sand, and the second one has a 2:1:2 ratio of the same variables. The bricks are made from the residences along Barangay Greater Lagro. The mixture of sand and cement is mixed with coconut husk fibers and then molded with different ratios in the molder. After the drying of cement, the researchers tested the bricks in the laboratory for compressive strength. The brick with the highest PSI is picked by the researchers to drop into freefall testing, and it makes remarkable remarks as it is deformed after dropping to different heights with a maximum of 20 feet. Unfortunately, the self-healing capabilities were not observed during the 12 weeks of monitoring. However, the brick was weighed after 12 weeks of monitoring, and it increased in weight by 0.030 kg. from 1.833 kg. to 1.863 kg. meaning that this ratio 2 has the potential to self-heal, but 12 weeks of monitoring by the researchers is not enough to conclude that it has a significant difference. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self%20healing" title="self healing">self healing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coconut%20husk%20bricks" title=" coconut husk bricks"> coconut husk bricks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=research" title=" research"> research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20oxide" title=" calcium oxide"> calcium oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utilizing%20quicklime" title=" utilizing quicklime"> utilizing quicklime</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184457/utilizing-quicklime-calcium-oxide-for-self-healing-properties-in-innovation-of-coconut-husk-fiber-bricks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184457.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">42</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1516</span> Influence of Variable Calcium Content on Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Synthesized at Different Temperature and Moisture Conditions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suraj%20D.%20Khadka">Suraj D. Khadka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Priyantha%20W.%20Jayawickrama"> Priyantha W. Jayawickrama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In search of a sustainable construction material, geopolymer has been investigated for past decades to evaluate its advantage over conventional products. Synthesis of geopolymer requires a source of aluminosilicate mixed with sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate at different proportions to maintain a Si/Al molar ratio of 1-3 and Na/Al molar ratio of unity. A comprehensive geopolymer study was performed with Metakaolin and Class C Fly ash as primary aluminosilicate sources. Synthesized geopolymer was analyzed for time-dependent viscosity, setting period and strength at varying initial moisture content, curing temperature and humidity. Different concentration of Ca(OH)₂ and CaSO₄.2H₂O were added to vary the amount of calcium contained in synthesized geopolymer. Influence of calcium content in unconfined compressive strength behavior of geopolymer were analyzed. Finally, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was performed to investigate the hardened product. It was observed that fly ash based geopolymer had shortened setting time and faster increase in viscosity as compared to geopolymer synthesized from metakaolin. This was primarily attributed to higher calcium content resulting in formation of calcium silicate hydrates (CSH). SEM-EDS was performed to verify the presence of CSH phases. Spectral analysis of geopolymer prepared by addition of Ca(OH)₂ and CaSO₄.2H₂O indicated higher CSH phases at higher concentration. It was observed that lower concentration of added calcium favored strength gain in geopolymer. However, at higher calcium concentration, decrease in strength was observed. Strength variation was also observed with humidity at initial curing condition. At 100% humidity, geopolymer with added calcium presented higher strength compared to samples cured at ambient humidity condition (40%). Reduction in strength in these samples at lower humidity was primarily attributed to reduction in moisture content in specimen due to the formation of CSH phases and loss of moisture through evaporation. For low calcium content geopolymers, with increase in temperature, gain in strength was observed with maximum strength observed at 200 ˚C. However, samples with higher calcium content demonstrated severe cracking resulting in low strength at elevated temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20silicate%20hydrates" title="calcium silicate hydrates">calcium silicate hydrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymer" title=" geopolymer"> geopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humidity" title=" humidity"> humidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scanning%20Electron%20Microscopy-Energy%20Dispersive%20Spectroscopy" title=" Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy"> Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconfined%20compressive%20strength" title=" unconfined compressive strength "> unconfined compressive strength </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96918/influence-of-variable-calcium-content-on-mechanical-properties-of-geopolymer-synthesized-at-different-temperature-and-moisture-conditions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1515</span> An Evaluation of the Feasibility of Several Industrial Wastes and Natural Materials as Precursors for the Production of Alkali Activated Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20Alelweet">O. Alelweet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Pavia"> S. Pavia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to face current compelling environmental problems affecting the planet, the construction industry needs to adapt. It is widely acknowledged that there is a need for durable, high-performance, low-greenhouse gas emission binders that can be used as an alternative to Portland cement (PC) to lower the environmental impact of construction. Alkali activated materials (AAMs) are considered a more sustainable alternative to PC materials. The binders of AAMs result from the reaction of an alkali metal source and a silicate powder or precursor which can be a calcium silicate or an aluminosilicate-rich material. This paper evaluates the particle size, specific surface area, chemical and mineral composition and amorphousness of silicate materials (most industrial waste locally produced in Ireland and Saudi Arabia) to develop alkali-activated binders that can replace PC resources in specific applications. These include recycled ceramic brick, bauxite, illitic clay, fly ash and metallurgical slag. According to the results, the wastes are reactive and comply with building standards requirements. The study also evidenced that the reactivity of the Saudi bauxite (with significant kaolinite) can be enhanced on thermal activation; and high calcium in the slag will promote reaction; which should be possible with low alkalinity activators. The wastes evidenced variable water demands that will be taken into account for mixing with the activators. Finally, further research is proposed to further determine the reactive fraction of the clay-based precursors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkali%20activated%20materials" title="alkali activated materials">alkali activated materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alkali-activated%20binders" title=" alkali-activated binders"> alkali-activated binders</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20building%20materials" title=" sustainable building materials"> sustainable building materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20ceramic%20brick" title=" recycled ceramic brick"> recycled ceramic brick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bauxite" title=" bauxite"> bauxite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=red%20mud" title=" red mud"> red mud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metallurgical%20slags" title=" metallurgical slags"> metallurgical slags</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20size" title=" particle size"> particle size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20and%20mineral%20composition%20and%20amorphousness" title=" chemical and mineral composition and amorphousness"> chemical and mineral composition and amorphousness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20demand" title=" water demand"> water demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=particle%20density" title=" particle density"> particle density</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113869/an-evaluation-of-the-feasibility-of-several-industrial-wastes-and-natural-materials-as-precursors-for-the-production-of-alkali-activated-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113869.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1514</span> Study of Pipes Scaling of Purified Wastewater Intended for the Irrigation of Agadir Golf Grass</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Driouiche">A. Driouiche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Mohareb"> S. Mohareb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Hadfi"> A. Hadfi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Morocco’s Agadir region, the reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation of green spaces has faced the problem of scaling of the pipes of these waters. This research paper aims at studying the phenomenon of scaling caused by the treated wastewater from the Mzar sewage treatment plant. These waters are used in the irrigation of golf turf for the Ocean Golf Resort. Ocean Golf, located about 10 km from the center of the city of Agadir, is one of the most important recreation centers in Morocco. The course is a Belt Collins design with 27 holes, and is quite open with deep challenging bunkers. The formation of solid deposits in the irrigation systems has led to a decrease in their lifetime and, consequently, a loss of load and performance. Thus, the sprinklers used in golf turf irrigation are plugged in the first weeks of operation. To study this phenomenon, the wastewater used for the irrigation of the golf turf was taken and analyzed at various points, and also samples of scale formed in the circuits of the passage of these waters were characterized. This characterization of the scale was performed by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the physicochemical analysis of the waters show that they are full of bicarbonates (653 mg/L), chloride (478 mg/L), nitrate (412 mg/L), sodium (425 mg/L) and calcium (199mg/L). Their pH is slightly alkaline. The analysis of the scale reveals that it is rich in calcium and phosphorus. It is formed of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), silica (SiO₂), calcium silicate (Ca₂SiO₄), hydroxylapatite (Ca₁₀P₆O₂₆), calcium carbonate and phosphate (Ca₁₀(PO₄) 6CO₃) and silicate calcium and magnesium (Ca₅MgSi₃O₁₂). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Agadir" title="Agadir">Agadir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=irrigation" title=" irrigation"> irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scaling%20water" title=" scaling water"> scaling water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114059/study-of-pipes-scaling-of-purified-wastewater-intended-for-the-irrigation-of-agadir-golf-grass" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">120</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1513</span> Efficiency of Different Types of Addition onto the Hydration Kinetics of Portland Cement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marine%20Regnier">Marine Regnier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pascal%20Bost"> Pascal Bost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthieu%20Horgnies"> Matthieu Horgnies</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Some of the problems to be solved for the concrete industry are linked to the use of low-reactivity cement, the hardening of concrete under cold-weather and the manufacture of pre-casted concrete without costly heating step. The development of these applications needs to accelerate the hydration kinetics, in order to decrease the setting time and to obtain significant compressive strengths as soon as possible. The mechanisms enhancing the hydration kinetics of alite or Portland cement (e.g. the creation of nucleation sites) were already studied in literature (e.g. by using distinct additions such as titanium dioxide nanoparticles, calcium carbonate fillers, water-soluble polymers, C-S-H, etc.). However, the goal of this study was to establish a clear ranking of the efficiency of several types of additions by using a robust and reproducible methodology based on isothermal calorimetry (performed at 20°C). The cement was a CEM I 52.5N PM-ES (Blaine fineness of 455 m²/kg). To ensure the reproducibility of the experiments and avoid any decrease of the reactivity before use, the cement was stored in waterproof and sealed bags to avoid any contact with moisture and carbon dioxide. The experiments were performed on Portland cement pastes by using a water-to-cement ratio of 0.45, and incorporating different compounds (industrially available or laboratory-synthesized) that were selected according to their main composition and their specific surface area (SSA, calculated using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) model and nitrogen adsorption isotherms performed at 77K). The intrinsic effects of (i) dry powders (e.g. fumed silica, activated charcoal, nano-precipitates of calcium carbonate, afwillite germs, nanoparticles of iron and iron oxides , etc.), and (ii) aqueous solutions (e.g. containing calcium chloride, hydrated Portland cement or Master X-SEED 100, etc.) were investigated. The influence of the amount of addition, calculated relatively to the dry extract of each addition compared to cement (and by conserving the same water-to-cement ratio) was also studied. The results demonstrated that the X-SEED®, the hydrated calcium nitrate, the calcium chloride (and, at a minor level, a solution of hydrated Portland cement) were able to accelerate the hydration kinetics of Portland cement, even at low concentration (e.g. 1%wt. of dry extract compared to cement). By using higher rates of additions, the fumed silica, the precipitated calcium carbonate and the titanium dioxide can also accelerate the hydration. In the case of the nano-precipitates of calcium carbonate, a correlation was established between the SSA and the accelerating effect. On the contrary, the nanoparticles of iron or iron oxides, the activated charcoal and the dried crystallised hydrates did not show any accelerating effect. Future experiments will be scheduled to establish the ranking of these additions, in terms of accelerating effect, by using low-reactivity cements and other water to cement ratios. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acceleration" title="acceleration">acceleration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydration%20kinetics" title=" hydration kinetics"> hydration kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isothermal%20calorimetry" title=" isothermal calorimetry"> isothermal calorimetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Portland%20cement" title=" Portland cement"> Portland cement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43797/efficiency-of-different-types-of-addition-onto-the-hydration-kinetics-of-portland-cement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">257</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1512</span> Sustainable Underground Structures Through Soil-Driven Bio-Protection of Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdurahim%20Abogdera">Abdurahim Abogdera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Hamza"> Omar Hamza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Elliott"> David Elliott</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The soil bacteria can be affected by some factors such as pH, calcium ions and Electrical conductivity. Fresh concrete has high pH value, which is between 11 and 13 and these values will be prevented the bacteria to produce CO₂ to participate with Calcium ions that released from the concrete to get calcite. In this study we replaced 15% and 25% of cement with Fly ash as the fly ash reduce the value of the pH at the concrete. The main goal of this study was investigated whether bacteria can be used on the soil rather than in the concrete to avoid the challenges and limitations of containing bacteria inside the concrete. This was achieved by incubating cracked cement mortar specimens into fully saturated sterilized and non-sterilized soil. The crack sealing developed in the specimens during the incubation period in both soil conditions were evaluated and compared. Visual inspection, water absorption test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) were conducted to evaluate the healing process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH" title="pH">pH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20ions" title=" calcium ions"> calcium ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MICP" title=" MICP"> MICP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salinity" title=" salinity"> salinity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154003/sustainable-underground-structures-through-soil-driven-bio-protection-of-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154003.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">116</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1511</span> Viability of Eggshells Ash Affecting the Setting Time of Cement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazeera%20Ujin">Fazeera Ujin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamran%20Shavarebi%20Ali"> Kamran Shavarebi Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zarina%20Yasmin%20Hanur%20Harith"> Zarina Yasmin Hanur Harith</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research paper reports on the feasibility and viability of eggshells ash and its effects on the water content and setting time of cement. An experiment was carried out to determine the quantity of water required in order to follow standard cement paste of normal consistency in accordance with MS EN 196-3:2007. The eggshells ash passing the 90µm sieve was used in the investigation. Eggshells ash with percentage of 0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% were constituted to replace the cement. Chemical properties of both eggshells ash and cement are compared. From the results obtained, both eggshells ash and cement have the same chemical composition and primary composition which is the calcium compounds. Results from the setting time show that by adding the eggshells ash to the cement, the setting time of the cement decreases. In short, the higher amount of eggshells ash, the faster the rate of setting and apply to all percentage of eggshells ash that were used in this investigation. Both initial and final setting times fulfill the setting time requirements by Malaysian Standard. Hence, it is suggested that eggshells ash can be used as an admixture in concrete mix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20materials" title="construction materials">construction materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eggshells%20ash" title=" eggshells ash"> eggshells ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20waste" title=" solid waste"> solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=setting%20time" title=" setting time"> setting time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43490/viability-of-eggshells-ash-affecting-the-setting-time-of-cement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1510</span> Preparation and Evaluation of Calcium Fluorosilicate (CaSiF₆) as a Fluorinating Agent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natsumi%20Murakami">Natsumi Murakami</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Ho%20Kim"> Jae-Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susumu%20Yonezawa"> Susumu Yonezawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The calcium fluorosilicate (CaSiF₆) was prepared from calcium silicate (CaSiO₃) with fluorine gas at 25 ~ 200 ℃ and 760 Torr for 1~24 h. Especially, the pure CaSiF₆ could be prepared at 25 ℃ for 24 h with F₂ gas from the results of X-ray diffraction. Increasing temperature to higher than 100 ℃, the prepared CaSiF₆ was decomposed into CaF₂ and SiF₄. The release of SiF₄ gas was confirmed by the results of gas-phase infrared spectroscopy. In this study, we tried to modify the surface of polycarbonate (PC) resin using the SiF₄ gas released from CaSiF₆ particles. By using the prepared CaSiF₆, the surface roughness of fluorinated PC samples was approximately four times larger than that (1.4 nm) of the untreated sample. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated the formation of fluorinated bonds (e.g., -CFx) on the surface of PC after surface fluorination. Consequently, the CaSiF₆ particles can be useful for a new fluorinating agent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20fluorosilicate" title="calcium fluorosilicate">calcium fluorosilicate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorinating%20agent" title=" fluorinating agent"> fluorinating agent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycarbonate" title=" polycarbonate"> polycarbonate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20fluorination" title=" surface fluorination"> surface fluorination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152871/preparation-and-evaluation-of-calcium-fluorosilicate-casif6-as-a-fluorinating-agent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152871.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1509</span> Early Age Microstructural Analysis of Cement-Polymer Composite Paste Cured at High Temperature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bertilia%20L.%20Bartley"> Bertilia L. Bartley</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ledjane%20S.%20Barreto"> Ledjane S. Barreto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a preliminary investigation on the control of microcracking in composite cement pastes, this study explores and compares the compatibility of Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS), Ethylene Glycol (EG) and Silicone Resin (SIL) in cement pastes cured at high temperature. Pastes were prepared by incorporating ordinary Portland cement (OPC) into an additive solution, using a solution/cement ratio of 0.45. Specimens were molded for 24h at 21 ± 2°C, then cured in deionized water for another 24h at 74 ± 1°C. TEOS and EG influence on fresh paste properties were similar to the reference OPC paste yet disintegration was observed in EG and SIL specimens after the first 12h of curing. X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD) coupled with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG) verified that SIL addition impedes portlandite formation significantly. Backscatter Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques were therefore performed on selected areas of each sample to investigate the morphology of the hydration products detected. Various morphologies of portlandite crystals were observed in pastes with EG and TEOS addition, as well as dense morphologies of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel and fibers, and ettringite needles. However, the formation of portlandite aggregate and clusters of C-S-H was highly favored by TEOS addition. Furthermore, the microstructural details of composite pastes were clearly visible at low magnifications i.e. 500x, as compared to the OPC paste. The results demonstrate accelerated hydration within composite pastes, a uniform distribution of hydration products, as well as an adhesive interaction with the products and polymer additive. Overall, TEOS demonstrated the most favorable influence, which indicates the potential of TEOS as a compatible polymer additive within the cement system at high temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accelerated%20curing" title="accelerated curing">accelerated curing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement%2Fpolymer%20composite" title=" cement/polymer composite"> cement/polymer composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydration" title=" hydration"> hydration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructural%20properties" title=" microstructural properties"> microstructural properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portlandite" title=" portlandite"> portlandite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scanning%20electron%20microscopy%20%28sem%29" title=" scanning electron microscopy (sem)"> scanning electron microscopy (sem)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74165/early-age-microstructural-analysis-of-cement-polymer-composite-paste-cured-at-high-temperature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">182</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1508</span> Calcium Silicate Bricks – Ultrasonic Pulse Method: Effects of Natural Frequency of Transducers on Measurement Results</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiri%20Brozovsky">Jiri Brozovsky</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Modulus of elasticity is one of the important parameters of construction materials, which considerably influence their deformation properties and which can also be determined by means of non-destructive test methods like ultrasonic pulse method. However, measurement results of ultrasonic pulse methods are influenced by various factors, one of which is the natural frequency of the transducers. The paper states knowledge about influence of natural frequency of the transducers (54; 82 and 150kHz) on ultrasonic pulse velocity and dynamic modulus of elasticity (Young's Dynamic modulus of elasticity). Differences between ultrasonic pulse velocity and dynamic modulus of elasticity were found with the same smallest dimension of test specimen in the direction of sounding and density their value decreases as the natural frequency of transducers grew. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20silicate%20brick" title="calcium silicate brick">calcium silicate brick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20pulse%20method" title=" ultrasonic pulse method"> ultrasonic pulse method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20pulse%20velocity" title=" ultrasonic pulse velocity"> ultrasonic pulse velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20modulus%20of%20elasticity" title=" dynamic modulus of elasticity"> dynamic modulus of elasticity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12508/calcium-silicate-bricks-ultrasonic-pulse-method-effects-of-natural-frequency-of-transducers-on-measurement-results" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12508.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20silicate%20cement&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calcium%20silicate%20cement&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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