Oxidation of HF with KMnO4 and possible misconceptions about HF | Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title> Oxidation of HF with KMnO4 and possible misconceptions about HF | Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering </title> <link rel="icon" href="https://mjcce.org.mk/public/journals/2/favicon_en_US.png"> <meta name="generator" content="Open Journal Systems 3.3.0.10"> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Vladimir M. Petruševski"/> <meta name="DC.Date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-12-28"/> <meta name="DC.Date.dateSubmitted" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-07-22"/> <meta name="DC.Date.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-12-04"/> <meta name="DC.Date.modified" scheme="ISO8601" content="2024-12-28"/> <meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="en" content="Is hydrogen fluoride or its aqueous solution really incompatible with KMnO4? If so, in what respect (meaning why)? This contribution seeks to answer the previous question that was posed some 20 years ago on the pages of the Journal of Chemical Education. The previous conclusion was that KMnO4 cannot oxidize fluoride anions to elemental fluorine. However, this does not prevent the possibility of another type of reaction occurring between HF and KMnO4. In brief, the reaction of HF(aq) and KMnO4(s) cannot occur with concentrated HF(aq), where w(HF) ≈ 0.4. However, the reaction of liquefied hydrogen fluoride, HF(l) and KMnO4(s) appears to produce Mn2O7(l), which is explosive even at moderate temperatures. The same applies to aqueous solutions of HF where w(HF) ≥ 0.6. In this contribution, some details are further explained and the spreading of some misconceptions is, hopefully, hampered. In addition, some authors described HF as a "flammable and explosive" substance, which is even worse than claiming that "water is flammable and explosive"."/> <meta name="DC.Format" scheme="IMT" content="application/pdf"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="2926"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.pageNumber" content="281-284"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.DOI" content="10.20450/mjcce.2024.2926"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.URI" content="https://mjcce.org.mk/index.php/MJCCE/article/view/2926"/> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="ISO639-1" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright (c) 2024 Vladimir M. 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Petruševski </span> <span class="affiliation"> Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, N. Macedonia </span> <span class="orcid"> <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-4929" target="_blank"> https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4796-4929 </a> </span> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="item doi"> <h2 class="label"> DOI: </h2> <span class="value"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2024.2926"> https://doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2024.2926 </a> </span> </section> <section class="item keywords"> <h2 class="label"> Keywords: </h2> <span class="value"> fluorine, generation of; hydrogen fluoride; potassium permanganate; permanganic acid; manganese(VII) oxide, water elimination; redox reactions; flammability of HF </span> </section> <section class="item abstract"> <h2 class="label">Abstract</h2> <p>Is hydrogen fluoride or its aqueous solution really incompatible with KMnO<sub>4</sub>? If so, in what respect (meaning why)? This contribution seeks to answer the previous question that was posed some 20 years ago on the pages of the Journal of Chemical Education. The previous conclusion was that KMnO<sub>4</sub> cannot oxidize fluoride anions to elemental fluorine. However, this does not prevent the possibility of another type of reaction occurring between HF and KMnO<sub>4</sub>.</p> <p>In brief, the reaction of HF(aq) and KMnO<sub>4</sub>(s) cannot occur with concentrated HF(aq), where <em>w</em>(HF) ≈ 0.4. However, the reaction of liquefied hydrogen fluoride, HF(l) and KMnO<sub>4</sub>(s) appears to produce Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>(l), which is explosive even at moderate temperatures. The same applies to aqueous solutions of HF where <em>w</em>(HF) ≥ 0.6. In this contribution, some details are further explained and the spreading of some misconceptions is, hopefully, hampered.</p> <p>In addition, some authors described HF as a "flammable and explosive" substance, which is even worse than claiming that "water is flammable and explosive".</p> </section> <section class="item author_bios"> <h2 class="label"> Author Biography </h2> <section class="sub_item"> <h3 class="label"> Vladimir M. Petruševski, <span class="affiliation">Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, N. Macedonia</span> </h3> <div class="value"> <p> </p> <p> </p> </div> </section> </section> <section class="item references"> <h2 class="label"> References </h2> <div class="value"> <p>(1) Young, J. A., Potassium Permanganate, J. Chem. Educ. 2003, 80 (8), 873. </p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ed080p873">https://doi.org/10.1021/ed080p873</a> </p> <p>(2) Petruševski, V. M., Potassium Permanganate Hazards, J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81 (7), 951. </p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ed081p951.2">https://doi.org/10.1021/ed081p951.2</a> </p> <p>(3) Black, A. M.; Flint, C. D., Excitation and Lumines-cence Spectra of Dipotassium Hexafluoromanga-nate(IV), J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1974, 977–981. </p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/DT9740000977">https://doi.org/10.1039/DT9740000977</a> </p> <p>(4) Petruševski, V. M.; Tasevska, M.; Monković, M., Demonstrations as a Tool for Ironing-Out Misconcep-tions: 2. Can a Strong Acid Be Displaced by a Weak One?, Chem. Educ. J. 2006, 9 (1) (Serial No. 16). <a href="http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12188/13821">http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12188/13821</a> </p> <p>(5) Šoptrajanova, L.; Popova, M.; Šoptrajanov, B., Infra-red Spectra of a Zero-Valent Palladium Complex with Ethylenediamine, J. Mol. Struct. 1993, 293, 121–124. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(93)80030-Y">https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(93)80030-Y</a> </p> <p>(6) <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ESx1Qldoss">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ESx1Qldoss</a> </p> <p>(accessed 2024-07-21). </p> <p>(7) Wisniak, J., Moissan H., The Discoverer of Fluorine, Educ. Quim. 2002, 13 (4), 267–274. </p> <p>DOI: 10.22201/fq.18708404e.2002.4.66285 </p> <p>(8) Dash, S.; Patel, S.; Mishra, B. K., Oxidation by Per-manganate: Synthetic and Mechanistic Aspects, Tetra-hedron 2008, 65 (4), 707–739. </p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2008.10.038">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2008.10.038</a> </p> <p>(9) Christe, K. O., Chemical Synthesis of Elemental Fluo-rine, Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25 (21), 3721–3722. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00241a001">https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00241a001</a> </p> <p>(10) ChemicalAid, KMnO4 + HF = KF + MnF2 + H2O + F2 Redox Reaction, </p> <p><a href="https://www.chemicalaid.com/tools/redoxreaction.php?equa-tion=KMnO4+%2B+HF+%3D+KF+%2B+MnF2+%2B+H2O+%2B+F2&hl=en#:~:text=2KMnO4%20%2B%2016HF%20%3D%202KF%20%2B%202MnF2%20%2B,is%20a%20oxidizing%20agent%20%28i.e.%20it%20gained%20electrons%29">https://www.chemicalaid.com/tools/redoxreaction.php?equa-tion=KMnO4+%2B+HF+%3D+KF+%2B+MnF2+%2B+H2O+%2B+F2&hl=en#:~:text=2KMnO4%20%2B%2016HF%20%3D%202KF%20%2B%202MnF2%20%2B,is%20a%20oxidizing%20agent%20%28i.e.%20it%20gained%20electrons%29</a> (accessed 2024-07-21) </p> <p>(11) Gubanov, S. M., Properties of Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride in the Temperature Range from 140 K to 190 K, J. Phys: Conference Series 2022, 2150, 012023. DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/2150/1/012023 </p> <p>(12) Cambridge Dictionary, Misconception. </p> <p><a href="https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/misconception#google_vignette">https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/misconception#google_vignette</a>. </p> <p>(accessed September 16, (2024) </p> </div> </section> </div> <div class="entry_details"> <div class="item cover_image"> <div class="sub_item"> <a href="https://mjcce.org.mk/index.php/MJCCE/issue/view/49"> <img src="https://mjcce.org.mk/public/journals/2/cover_issue_49_en_US.png" alt=""> </a> </div> </div> <div class="item galleys"> <h2 class="pkp_screen_reader"> Downloads </h2> <ul class="value galleys_links"> <li> <a class="obj_galley_link pdf" href="https://mjcce.org.mk/index.php/MJCCE/article/view/2926/1340"> PDF </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="item published"> <section class="sub_item"> <h2 class="label"> Published </h2> <div class="value"> <span>2024-12-04 — Updated on 2024-12-28</span> </div> </section> <section class="sub_item versions"> <h2 class="label"> Versions </h2> <ul class="value"> <li> 2024-12-28 (2) </li> <li> <a href="https://mjcce.org.mk/index.php/MJCCE/article/view/2926/version/2579">2024-12-04 (1)</a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="item citation"> <section class="sub_item citation_display"> <h2 class="label"> How to Cite </h2> <div class="value"> <div id="citationOutput" role="region" aria-live="polite"> <div class="csl-bib-body"> <div class="csl-entry">Petruševski, V. 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Oxidation of HF with KMnO4 and possible misconceptions about HF. <i>Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering</i>, <i>43</i>(2), 281–284. https://doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2024.2926 (Original work published December 4, 2024)</div> </div> </div> <div class="citation_formats"> <button class="cmp_button citation_formats_button" aria-controls="cslCitationFormats" aria-expanded="false" data-csl-dropdown="true"> More Citation Formats </button> <div id="cslCitationFormats" class="citation_formats_list" aria-hidden="true"> <ul class="citation_formats_styles"> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" href="https://mjcce.org.mk/index.php/MJCCE/citationstylelanguage/get/acm-sig-proceedings?submissionId=2926&publicationId=2687" data-load-citation data-json-href="https://mjcce.org.mk/index.php/MJCCE/citationstylelanguage/get/acm-sig-proceedings?submissionId=2926&publicationId=2687&return=json" > ACM </a> </li> <li> <a aria-controls="citationOutput" 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Oxidation of HF with KMnO4 and possible misconceptions about HF | Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering