CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91798adf8a0549f6',cH: 'S0EojUWgC6AhXtx9Wy9VAO2et_9aOZI4HbtcyZ70XCU-1740505876-1.2.1.1-hDZXNtC1lMdjbeut2bi0OcVDYXYdwpZd8UTU3jnG1IYm0uQljCEJz8SaGfZzQ0P8',cUPMDTk: "\/search?q=M.%20K.%20A.%20Ariffin&__cf_chl_tk=GRbxIC96Hi9rIj.G_kSBiIqX3qgATeOhYGZfaDQ746M-1740505876-1.0.1.1-bIPvzqo0av.1Go0kyv6TMFnSRsAlcmeTEraRxicU46M",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740505876',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search?q=M.%20K.%20A.%20Ariffin&__cf_chl_f_tk=GRbxIC96Hi9rIj.G_kSBiIqX3qgATeOhYGZfaDQ746M-1740505876-1.0.1.1-bIPvzqo0av.1Go0kyv6TMFnSRsAlcmeTEraRxicU46M",md: "TXBf9703M_jstNfB_W1N7QaWC7ZScz8nEXIT4ogtPzs-1740505876-1.2.1.1-HTP6he0bFK.axXrHlJ8lcEYTmGPlzq6hqpbBJHNXDHvSJJO5iB3b22j3vph2nIfl91hNf.EQ4b7lYjtGOCTEeWw8HwVHL4Yb6lDPkqhBNvBf_PGVL8422HcWmDm4zPXgEeSgXJ.ozGUzW9RHCrwj7OGltBN2rcJz8krPizt.fs3p5zJnWIyD4ZnGx5RCFFfnl000PyvP1nZJpDzYDXRV6AA5zN7V_gv3A7efZUmX0n477MHFYHMwM09QYQtkG4mGCkElaRuLSWMHu4jVuqTATImuJllPpwjAaCCVhp9I.dF79dZpnoKOOnxRuBTgOh.VHBDVc3JR7zaxhpT54uvzavvVpTNpIC1bGtYTwSpAQHYuH6VT2I_aB8bpx8oKQOjPysPA.BVqua9zWjLb8zggiMTpnrXXXkovzTRbN4Nk2HxYwwzpsvMT024zjeTvd4FOGJKnnXJC7fwQlx09QvDta4RKM.9vbCa50z9RG5fYOb_7lXRYcCilIcZTckXpdpI6YDgAvgTfDNidYAMxLyclrUAKzOn8FZGepjwWnvs2vVktinj3r5OWtXFjbylgE7E_qYxj5wAbPaPjK0bjegseJBte4BPWKbbkEAAnXlz5THthnLTrEDEHV__ZllNfWM4FYhrLqG1vLdbqbHVAZaSHqT3rlmMDcr77Bp9UGr3GeivhqY2tWDHciGoX.JV4cHkAhZeadR2MAWv80Tz1eTbVqOQCPw7pKJAGW_dgSI.w0NgjiJ8FBtRZk6eTqTUSXkWbiMujAr4rekniPTNv7K584.DQpJVkSAUNIKR2NQGDD1aTJQHWOtycoXdddYLC6kuHTx4uUXVbjb1ExKOm69d95ENIApzJkMUHOz3LcAxGdgXD.7iXTCCZs212N67SHY0m8Mnt1vtBoTm4PUNG4LLhtKuC4eVQCoGgXND0a.IAwdpcRdymy90Ftr3fzhhqkIaezLNWHk0PwvKT2Qml3lC_ZxN_3qHcSoVDZRcRy3zLX.LOMNFuRg4AyUaLQamXrbZugedAUemkdWCyfZ8mjF.YvnP9bG9.51ICbsSRloICtzwf7j_jBWMxdEXzAWTSyCcjcWSMC4TC2ZGZIz2O5775_boa5YL2ak5C8d7hup0MTpWMj6M3NIFr8bOPMBW10FiSXg0RJK2cau.72InY4w4NYCuBe8YPkB3ep3sjteF2SABGnYcToblJeLswgJuVchre51xhOLwa1w_o8azwvqSJMWAo9l6PcuLazkTyrGYaf0qivbN8fh2qAMUXd41KExaytPOEC3ZP0dP.bYTTtkZNoes.mIGXjKaKE10baf4C76MYVBW37KamyRXkDYqdyjTzdaeAnAoxvMCeIKFChfuHvfGiK8094tYItjzPHiUXvfkNpKgUr4Y653YKOHB0l_vIJ3QzPf06ZxtWDV_EHsiLFwhB6r19AybkPWLVpxfXwD4Hm2_ej84gk7KCX_XExr44PgkI4L.5M37ljtyC6KcFuq6KBxe1kHHpRDXaOHvlIl_Y0xqMb5oBgOnJ1FBjyQ_S.toD_XW7HhkejKX0K_B6oUPG83EoovRmLC1zVw9M3shnrFqhLvNJBwdMCiLJO6pdLug5o36QESsTPdbqOYGY5gklBAAE_ib3y2IO0GFMN5.91NjycrYzYqVWxQlM.G.VbOhDU1XsHvLC3uE_raYxa2nWhcCWKpi6opVkv54N5UOqlam3fZ62uFBYvwc8cKE6f_WmmeFLl0wa9zSfJmekjqdkI5xiBn3PfIzch8X_2C7gOkxcBgJ7y3zTocCPdvadYEr5Isp5__l78uR.1XBc8bvDw1C2PgOJX7MPXjJMuEG0wEi8iUywHhBLkzWX9yUSmLDkz6OzN64AUU8pDs0PzoPS8Gn9DCHoYk5keqw7N.9ZruE8cFSIbnYf7t_eXP7vGbPw2B2HS5FIhfo2gbIXTg",mdrd: "c.eO4.tKK9Yt1jJBqLeBrzfN5hAiRSCyjgY8SxvOYzc-1740505876-1.2.1.1-makf493yoD9EDyhQNRO50drBmRR5tWzp97HHmkAROb1P7NiHfTkb4QTzEOV3qDnTxCmj_6ibPU3bjqe4U2idmgtrCFLlrpOQ5IdmOmhKk9Lme52w0FiQJIUS0LsvkK0hysQa3xhJsA5tps.2hceFNCYW0l9lP1PQ0dRTwUFMZ5lCodz97f30jQEo59rQWWVoNJCtfNQKKmgqo2YnGyDo5KDIZ2lK_4L7AumJ_FYSasD7Kxd1PApScQNFn3emCFJB1xhoQpgW9Oiz8vAAiwlyRMh3skkAYXwsquEn.tVKWvlLxFjCNLFNQCq2J1ruPjeKlUxMfdVNBbQBg_iHG9QQ58BhSVyOg__EiELQD6C8pzsMBCAVRD6NR28tzcxBqh8tBOmnUlFydqUB._xtlUk4P8pG9GZFY32shieZY63kr_Pnf44U6bH3UTD6boeGROzkapSB2_lJvccuHH1vk6jmUTFIM5qj3Qzmw6_wbSeGI5OQFjBR8LcYUjD5dKAThkr.Nx2FlEHWm4hOgHq_mCFRBiiKi3o7KeySmg60v1BaoDVK2Cg43l3FqK1sAmkLi6TlMk6CatDZgX27PbW9aP7MjHyOg9ng_WuaUEGC.E8x62pIBZrokXenNcePJFWGHT3BFmJsl3Mj_q0uz4omLn2e72A_jJ4vM4tdv6gZgEC6r93OP8J_3NMFC6IcGors6FrLKcqAmBfDtMBDadvOQpoKddjq86o0zxeNk3VMPis2pTY6l7sgFb6ogXiLAXRu498SUD7jY9L_NXXNPpojkAqnYhm9ivCvk5LGZbHag6t9ehHq_CUq9OLHKSqSz_08.LXgYmnAXZF2eQSrk0EHlqH6GzfrrvzddYKCZjrIgTGWGusOUq50M85N56vyDlpSx.PLSW7ZX9KpKV8AZ_l3md_8JCShIMGCK.cTMKKcWJGUxgaDSdJoVFIEdZthzkYKdE5Os.xix6uuJQmHNC0j4xW.bl0Oy1FA9OWXkb6ebiqGNSbuI6Ie52VHAEBrbQaHr7v9AOmVkAJ_lN00ZY_cQxIvC7PP2asTmPJAt5wgwSMq.gcVLOEhfrOa9z8ekGw4xm2ADcCRCVOHRL0FPUuOzvlGM_WLUm32.7yVQBKSJFws5RbQdcgwvzT830wrryxp3fOciSOK2kIJ1boZw3yPmPyjsZrPTvlnlg9r.o9G2cMtL4jA3O7RMsvsVAaFBPe.o54C79ncbaVBTNG3qRjAP3D2tg1WrCQIOgu7ga5fCTKs2R_jFgpd2bWQ_qjeOim088vGLyWQLR9Ka.SIltcLyXj1W5W3s2ws4qOOEVBu8SJbVwDCsn1cwmAmZC0LRvJsXtZL0k2.Y9D75ugRlCr3ZdzSVUoTqWUEEEdLp46RdUvgcmYigYb6.kACT6UY6N4Olpu3Z4LYPYVPiP4Ud6DwahuK8limiK3kHC4zMtL1VrTv8Lv3QrthGzK7cnSJQjAOlzxhB4S1YrEVJaTUTw.VKhoWnT8lWaFbnqn1RZFFN9poiKIEwtxQJMAql9lRXVQIf1MiXT2gIrEz883RYTyscBoq5SFBnBWQonkOS9A_YvJP_eSgobD7NEZ3eCK0N4U6AaBHvb.pGOG1YIK8W8NS_FQ5eM6gtzccSJJgSyoibCPlV.zhhu..MPOfQEViBqEJgPjw5NChoO1Ur4aTO0rLxxh6D86Eq1SZgdSMN5xANoQsu5_1UPhY3N8GCIwxwdnyki3FsNjLNxV1KzWkL4onNL71bWhwqmH7UUkMxZnxilj8txbYaERLS_5QesoxY61eHr6mk7ukLEHajadas6FVf__JLBJW7AgClXaVZj1DYQ2WYKduV5UnSYLFC3pGGMW7_HhSOsWSbR1eprD2jva3kGZApM4PsH4CdbekH1yPwRqPke0Jjoyen6iPEECx4XSdINlq8mopkhUwIGgggDECrvxzuGgEQRKET1rr7n1adMl3sP8qNSUvpSlpPqGdNZPvfFsY"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91798adf8a0549f6';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search?q=M.%20K.%20A.%20Ariffin&__cf_chl_rt_tk=GRbxIC96Hi9rIj.G_kSBiIqX3qgATeOhYGZfaDQ746M-1740505876-1.0.1.1-bIPvzqo0av.1Go0kyv6TMFnSRsAlcmeTEraRxicU46M" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>