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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Holmdel_Horn_Antenna&params=40.39072_N_74.18483_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°23′27″N</span> <span class="longitude">74°11′05″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.39072°N 74.18483°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.39072; -74.18483</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Microwave horn antenna in New Jersey, US</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Holmdel Horn Antenna</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Horn_Antenna-in_Holmdel,_New_Jersey_-_restoration1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Horn_Antenna-in_Holmdel%2C_New_Jersey_-_restoration1.jpg/290px-Horn_Antenna-in_Holmdel%2C_New_Jersey_-_restoration1.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Horn_Antenna-in_Holmdel%2C_New_Jersey_-_restoration1.jpg/435px-Horn_Antenna-in_Holmdel%2C_New_Jersey_-_restoration1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Horn_Antenna-in_Holmdel%2C_New_Jersey_-_restoration1.jpg/580px-Horn_Antenna-in_Holmdel%2C_New_Jersey_-_restoration1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2793" data-file-height="2197" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Penzias and Wilson standing on the Holmdel Horn Antenna in 1962.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Named after</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Holmdel_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Holmdel Township, New Jersey">Holmdel Township</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5883312?uselang=en#P138" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location(s)</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Holmdel_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Holmdel Township, New Jersey">Holmdel Township</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monmouth_County,_New_Jersey" title="Monmouth County, New Jersey">Monmouth County</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Holmdel_Horn_Antenna&params=40.39072_N_74.18483_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°23′27″N</span> <span class="longitude">74°11′05″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.39072°N 74.18483°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.39072; -74.18483</span></span></span></a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5883312#P625" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/First_light_(astronomy)" title="First light (astronomy)">First light</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1959 <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5883312?uselang=en#P729" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Telescope style</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background_experiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmic microwave background experiment">cosmic microwave background experiment</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Horn_antenna" title="Horn antenna">horn antenna</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Radio_telescope" title="Radio telescope">radio telescope</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5883312?uselang=en#P31" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">20 ft (6.1 m) <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5883312#P2386" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Holmdel Horn Antenna is located in the United States"><img alt="Holmdel Horn Antenna is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/240px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/360px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/480px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.772%;left:85.579%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Holmdel Horn Antenna"><img alt="Holmdel Horn Antenna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><div style="line-height:1.2em;">Location of Holmdel Horn Antenna</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5">Holmdel Horn Antenna</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF;"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.4; color: #202122; background: #87CEEB"><a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">U.S. National Historic Landmark</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_map_of_Monmouth_County,_New_Jersey.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Holmdel Horn Antenna is located in Monmouth County, New Jersey"><img alt="Holmdel Horn Antenna is located in Monmouth County, New Jersey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Location_map_of_Monmouth_County%2C_New_Jersey.svg/250px-Location_map_of_Monmouth_County%2C_New_Jersey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Location_map_of_Monmouth_County%2C_New_Jersey.svg/375px-Location_map_of_Monmouth_County%2C_New_Jersey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Location_map_of_Monmouth_County%2C_New_Jersey.svg/500px-Location_map_of_Monmouth_County%2C_New_Jersey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="768" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.973%;left:62.717%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Holmdel Horn Antenna"><img alt="Holmdel Horn Antenna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Monmouth County, New Jersey</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_New_Jersey_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Holmdel Horn Antenna is located in New Jersey"><img alt="Holmdel Horn Antenna is located in New Jersey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/USA_New_Jersey_location_map.svg/250px-USA_New_Jersey_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="465" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/USA_New_Jersey_location_map.svg/375px-USA_New_Jersey_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/USA_New_Jersey_location_map.svg/500px-USA_New_Jersey_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="839" data-file-height="1560" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:40.309%;left:76.913%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Holmdel Horn Antenna"><img alt="Holmdel Horn Antenna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of New Jersey</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Holmdel Horn Antenna is located in the United States"><img alt="Holmdel Horn Antenna is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.772%;left:85.579%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Holmdel Horn Antenna"><img alt="Holmdel Horn Antenna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Built</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">1959</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Architect</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">A.B. Crawford<sup id="cite_ref-nrhpinv_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">NRHP reference <abbr title="number">No.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/89002457">89002457</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background: #A8EDEF">Significant dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Added to NRHP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">December 20, 1989<sup id="cite_ref-nris_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nris-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Designated NHL</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">December 20, 1989<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nhlsum_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhlsum-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Holmdel_Horn_Antenna" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Holmdel Horn Antenna">Related media on Commons</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="metadata" style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5883312" class="extiw" title="d:Q5883312">edit on Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Holmdel Horn Antenna</b> is a large microwave <a href="/wiki/Horn_antenna" title="Horn antenna">horn antenna</a> that was used as a <a href="/wiki/Satellite_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite communication">satellite communication</a> antenna and <a href="/wiki/Radio_telescope" title="Radio telescope">radio telescope</a> during the 1960s at the <a href="/wiki/Bell_Telephone_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Bell Telephone Laboratories">Bell Telephone Laboratories</a> facility located on <a href="/wiki/Crawford_Hill" title="Crawford Hill">Crawford Hill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Holmdel_Township,_New_Jersey" title="Holmdel Township, New Jersey">Holmdel Township, New Jersey</a>, United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawford_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawford-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was designated a <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> in 1989 because of its association with the research work of two <a href="/wiki/Radio_astronomer" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio astronomer">radio astronomers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arno_Penzias" class="mw-redirect" title="Arno Penzias">Arno Penzias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Robert Wilson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nrhpinv_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhpinv-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1965, while using this antenna, Penzias and Wilson discovered the <a href="/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmic microwave background radiation">cosmic microwave background radiation</a> (CMBR) that permeates the universe.<sup id="cite_ref-Penzias_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Penzias-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was one of the most important discoveries in <a href="/wiki/Physical_cosmology" title="Physical cosmology">physical cosmology</a> since <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Hubble" title="Edwin Hubble">Edwin Hubble</a> demonstrated in the 1920s that the universe was expanding. It provided the evidence that confirmed <a href="/wiki/George_Gamow" title="George Gamow">George Gamow</a>'s and <a href="/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre" title="Georges Lemaître">Georges Lemaître</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>" theory of the creation of the universe. This helped change the science of cosmology, the study of the universe's history, from a field for unlimited theoretical speculation into a discipline of direct observation. In 1978 Penzias and Wilson received the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_for_Physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Prize for Physics">Nobel Prize for Physics</a> for their discovery.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holmdel_Horn_Antenna&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bell_Labs_Horn_Antenna_Crawford_Hill_NJ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bell_Labs_Horn_Antenna_Crawford_Hill_NJ.jpg/250px-Bell_Labs_Horn_Antenna_Crawford_Hill_NJ.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bell_Labs_Horn_Antenna_Crawford_Hill_NJ.jpg/375px-Bell_Labs_Horn_Antenna_Crawford_Hill_NJ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bell_Labs_Horn_Antenna_Crawford_Hill_NJ.jpg/500px-Bell_Labs_Horn_Antenna_Crawford_Hill_NJ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Bell Labs' horn antenna, April 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Horn_antenna" title="Horn antenna">horn antenna</a> at Bell Telephone Laboratories in Holmdel, New Jersey, was constructed on <a href="/wiki/Crawford_Hill" title="Crawford Hill">Crawford Hill</a> in 1959 to support <a href="/wiki/Project_Echo" title="Project Echo">Project Echo</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="National Aeronautics and Space Administration">National Aeronautics and Space Administration</a>'s passive communications satellites,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Crawford_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawford-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which used large aluminized plastic balloons (<a href="/wiki/Satellite_balloon" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellite balloon">satellite balloon</a>) as reflectors to bounce radio signals from one point on the Earth to another.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The antenna is 50 feet (15 m) in length with a <a href="/wiki/Radiating_aperture" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiating aperture">radiating aperture</a> of 20 by 20 feet (6.1 by 6.1 m) and is constructed of <a href="/wiki/Aluminum" class="mw-redirect" title="Aluminum">aluminum</a>. The antenna's elevation wheel, which surrounds the midsection of the horn, is 30 feet (9.1 m) in diameter and supports the structure's weight using rollers mounted on a base frame. All axial or thrust loads are taken by a large <a href="/wiki/Ball_bearing" title="Ball bearing">ball bearing</a> at the narrow apex end of the horn. The horn continues through this bearing into the equipment building or cab. The ability to locate receiver equipment at the horn apex, thus eliminating the noise contribution of a connecting line, is an important feature of the antenna. A <a href="/wiki/Radiometry" title="Radiometry">radiometer</a> for measuring the intensity of <a href="/wiki/Radiant_energy" title="Radiant energy">radiant energy</a> is located in the cab.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawford_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawford-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The triangular base frame of the antenna is made from structural steel. It rotates on wheels about a center <a href="/wiki/Pintle" title="Pintle">pintle</a> ball bearing on a turntable track 30 feet (9.1 m) in diameter. The track consists of stress-relieved, planed steel plates individually adjusted to produce a track that is flat to about <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">64</span></span> inch (0.40 mm). The faces of the wheels are cone-shaped to minimize contact friction. A tangential force of 100 pounds (400 N) is sufficient to start the antenna rotating on the turntable. The antenna beam can be directed to any part of the sky using the turntable for <a href="/wiki/Azimuth" title="Azimuth">azimuth</a> adjustments and the elevation wheel to change the <a href="/wiki/Elevation_angle" class="mw-redirect" title="Elevation angle">elevation angle</a> or altitude above the horizon.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawford_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawford-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Except for the steel base frame, which a local steel company made, the Holmdel Laboratory shops fabricated and assembled the antenna under the direction of Mr. H. W. Anderson, who also collaborated on the design. Assistance in the design was also given by Messrs. R. O'Regan and S. A. Darby.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawford_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawford-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction of the antenna was completed under the direction of Arthur Crawford.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When not in use, the turntable azimuth <a href="/wiki/Sprocket" title="Sprocket">sprocket</a> drive is disengaged, allowing the structure to "<a href="/wiki/Weathervane" class="mw-redirect" title="Weathervane">weathervane</a>" and seek a position of minimum wind resistance. The antenna was designed to withstand winds of 100 miles per hour (160 km/h), and the entire structure weighs 18 short tons (16 tonnes).<sup id="cite_ref-Crawford_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawford-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A plastic <a href="/wiki/Clapboard" title="Clapboard">clapboarded</a> utility shed 10 by 20 feet (3.0 by 6.1 m) with two windows, a double door, and a <a href="/wiki/Sheet-metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheet-metal">sheet-metal</a> roof, is located on the ground next to the antenna. This structure houses equipment and controls for the antenna and is included as a part of the designation as a National Historic Landmark. </p><p>The antenna has not been used for several decades.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vagueness" title="Wikipedia:Vagueness"><span title="This information is too vague. (March 2019)">vague</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technical">Technical</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holmdel_Horn_Antenna&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Technical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This type of antenna is called a <a href="/wiki/Horn_antenna#Horn-reflector_antenna" title="Horn antenna">Hogg or horn-reflector antenna</a>, invented by Alfred C. Beck and <a href="/wiki/Harald_T._Friis" title="Harald T. Friis">Harald T. Friis</a> in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-Beck_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beck-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was built by David C. Hogg.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawford_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawford-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consists of a flaring metal horn with a curved reflecting surface mounted in its mouth at a 45° angle to the long axis of the horn.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawford_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawford-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reflector is a segment of a parabolic reflector, so the antenna is a <a href="/wiki/Parabolic_antenna" title="Parabolic antenna">parabolic antenna</a> that is fed off-axis. A Hogg horn combines several characteristics useful for radio astronomy. It is extremely <a href="/wiki/Broadband" title="Broadband">broad-band</a>, has calculable <a href="/wiki/Aperture_efficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Aperture efficiency">aperture efficiency</a>, and the walls of the horn shield it from radiation coming from angles outside the main beam axis. Therefore, the back and <a href="/wiki/Sidelobe" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidelobe">side lobes</a> are so minimal that scarcely any thermal energy is received from the ground. Consequently, it is an ideal radio telescope for accurately measuring low levels of weak background radiation. The antenna has a <a href="/wiki/Antenna_gain" class="mw-redirect" title="Antenna gain">gain</a> of about 43.3 dBi and a <a href="/wiki/Beamwidth" class="mw-redirect" title="Beamwidth">beamwidth</a> of about 1.5° at 2.39 GHz and an <a href="/wiki/Aperture_efficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Aperture efficiency">aperture efficiency</a> of 76%.<sup id="cite_ref-Crawford_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crawford-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preservation">Preservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holmdel_Horn_Antenna&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Preservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Save_Crawford_Hill_and_the_Horn_Antenna_sign_on_Holmdel_Road.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Save_Crawford_Hill_and_the_Horn_Antenna_sign_on_Holmdel_Road.jpg/220px-Save_Crawford_Hill_and_the_Horn_Antenna_sign_on_Holmdel_Road.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Save_Crawford_Hill_and_the_Horn_Antenna_sign_on_Holmdel_Road.jpg/330px-Save_Crawford_Hill_and_the_Horn_Antenna_sign_on_Holmdel_Road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Save_Crawford_Hill_and_the_Horn_Antenna_sign_on_Holmdel_Road.jpg/440px-Save_Crawford_Hill_and_the_Horn_Antenna_sign_on_Holmdel_Road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Sign put up on Holmdel Road, urging that the Horn Antenna and its surrounding area be saved</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Crawford_Horn_Antenna_Memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Crawford_Horn_Antenna_Memorial.jpg/250px-Crawford_Horn_Antenna_Memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Crawford_Horn_Antenna_Memorial.jpg/375px-Crawford_Horn_Antenna_Memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Crawford_Horn_Antenna_Memorial.jpg/500px-Crawford_Horn_Antenna_Memorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>On-site plaque commemorating the work of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_B._Crawford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur B. Crawford (page does not exist)">Arthur B. Crawford</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 2021, the Crawford Hill site was sold to a developer who was interested in building a residential development.<sup id="cite_ref-S&T_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-S&T-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In reaction, this triggered a "Save Holmdel's Horn Antenna" <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://actionnetwork.org/petitions/save-big-bang-antenna">petition</a> to preserve the property as a park. Advocates felt that a better fate than the horn antenna or its site encountering destruction to make way for a planned real estate development.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of October 2023, the site is now planned to be preserved.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20231020_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20231020-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After public support for the preservation of the horn antenna emerged—demonstrated in part by more than 8,000 signatures on a petition disseminated by community groups—the Holmdel Township Committee agreed to pay $5.5 million for 35 acres (14 ha) of land, including that which the antenna sits on. The town plans to turn the land into a public park.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-20231020_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-20231020-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holmdel_Horn_Antenna&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andover_Earth_Station" title="Andover Earth Station">Andover Earth Station</a>, location of another large Hogg horn antenna</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holmdel_Horn_Antenna&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nrhpinv-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nrhpinv_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nrhpinv_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFButowsky1989" class="citation web cs1">Butowsky, Harry (May 1, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/89002457_text">"Holmdel Horn Antenna"</a>. <i>National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination</i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Inventory-Nomination&rft.atitle=Holmdel+Horn+Antenna&rft.date=1989-05-01&rft.aulast=Butowsky&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP%2FGetAsset%2FNHLS%2F89002457_text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolmdel+Horn+Antenna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nris-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nris_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP">"National Register Information System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. January 23, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=National+Register+Information+System&rft.date=2007-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolmdel+Horn+Antenna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/nhl/designations/Lists/NJ01.pdf">"NJ NHL list"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NJ+NHL+list&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fhistory%2Fnhl%2Fdesignations%2FLists%2FNJ01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolmdel+Horn+Antenna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nhlsum-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nhlsum_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090225013531/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2082&ResourceType=Structure">"Holmdel Horn Antenna"</a>. <i>National Historic Landmark summary listing</i>. National Park Service. June 23, 2008. 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S. patent no. 2416675</a> <i>Horn antenna system</i>, filed November 26, 1941, granted Mar 4, 1947, Alfred C. Beck, Harold T. Friis on Google Patents</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-S&T-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-S&T_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaltz2022" class="citation magazine cs1">Faltz, Lawrence (December 9, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/holmdel-horn-which-heard-evidence-of-the-big-bang-is-at-risk/">"Holmdel Horn — Which Heard Evidence of the Big Bang — Is at Risk"</a>. <i>Sky & Telescope</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Holmdel+Horn%2C+a+Cosmic+Shrine+in+New+Jersey%2C+Stays+Put&rft.date=2023-10-20&rft.aulast=Overbye&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F10%2F20%2Fscience%2Fastronomy-holmdel-horn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolmdel+Horn+Antenna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWall" class="citation news cs1">Wall, Jeanne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tapinto.net/towns/holmdel-and-colts-neck/articles/horn-antenna-and-adjacent-open-space-purchased-by-holmdel-for-5-5-million-nokia-building-stays-with-developer">"Horn Antenna and Adjacent Open Space Purchased by Holmdel for $5.5 million, Nokia Building Stays with Developer"</a>. <i>TAPinto Holmdel and Colts Neck</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TAPinto+Holmdel+and+Colts+Neck&rft.atitle=Horn+Antenna+and+Adjacent+Open+Space+Purchased+by+Holmdel+for+%245.5+million%2C+Nokia+Building+Stays+with+Developer&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=Jeanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tapinto.net%2Ftowns%2Fholmdel-and-colts-neck%2Farticles%2Fhorn-antenna-and-adjacent-open-space-purchased-by-holmdel-for-5-5-million-nokia-building-stays-with-developer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolmdel+Horn+Antenna" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holmdel_Horn_Antenna&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLearner1981" class="citation book cs1">Learner, Richard (1981). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/astronomythrough00lear"><i>Astronomy Through the Telescope</i></a></span>. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. p. 154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-442-25839-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-442-25839-9"><bdi>978-0-442-25839-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Astronomy+Through+the+Telescope&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=Van+Nostrand+Reinhold+Company&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-442-25839-9&rft.aulast=Learner&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fastronomythrough00lear&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolmdel+Horn+Antenna" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Aaronson, Steve. "The Light of Creation: An Interview with Arno A. Penzias and Robert W. Wilson." <i>Bell Laboratories Record</i>. January 1979, pp. 12–18.</li> <li>Abell, George O. <i>Exploration of the Universe</i>. 4th ed., Philadelphia: Saunders College Publishing, 1982.</li> <li>Asimov, Isaac. <i>Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology</i>. 2nd ed., New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1982.</li> <li>Bernstein, Jeremy. <i>Three Degrees Above Zero: Bell Labs in the Information Age</i>. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1984.</li> <li>Chown, Marcus. "A Cosmic Relic in Three Degrees," <i>New Scientist</i>, September 29, 1988, pp. 51–55.</li> <li>Crawford, A.B., D.C. Hogg and L.E. Hunt. "Project Echo: A Horn-Reflector Antenna for Space Communication," <i>The Bell System Technical Journal</i>, July 1961, pp. 1095–1099.</li> <li>Disney, Michael. <i>The Hidden Universe</i>. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1984.</li> <li>Ferris, Timothy. <i>The Red Limit: The Search for the Edge of the Universe</i>. 2nd ed., New York: Quill Press, 1978.</li> <li>Friedman, Herbert. <i>The Amazing Universe</i>. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 1975.</li> <li>Hey, J.S. <i>The Evolution of Radio Astronomy</i>. New York: Neale Watson Academic Publications, Inc., 1973.</li> <li>Jastrow, Robert. <i>God and the Astronomers</i>. New York : W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1978.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H.T._Kirby-Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="H.T. Kirby-Smith">H.T. Kirby-Smith</a> <i>U.S. Observatories: A Directory and Travel Guide</i>. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1976.</li> <li>Penzias, A.A., and R. W. Wilson. "A Measurement of the Flux Density of CAS A At 4080 Mc/s," <i>Astrophysical Journal Letters</i>, May 1965, pp. 1149–1154.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holmdel_Horn_Antenna&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/butowsky5/astro4k.htm">"Astronomy and Astrophysics: Horn Antenna"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040816231557/http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/butowsky5/astro4k.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 16, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astronomy+and+Astrophysics%3A+Horn+Antenna&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fparkhistory%2Fonline_books%2Fbutowsky5%2Fastro4k.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHolmdel+Horn+Antenna" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holmdel_Horn_Antenna&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a 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style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_architectural_style_categories" title="National Register of Historic Places architectural style categories">Architectural style categories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contributing_property" title="Contributing property">Contributing property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">Historic district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="History of the National Register of Historic Places">History of the National Register of Historic Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeper_of_the_Register" title="Keeper of the Register">Keeper of the Register</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park 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href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Florida" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Georgia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Hawaii" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Idaho" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Illinois" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Indiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Iowa" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kansas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Kentucky" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Louisiana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Maine" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Maryland" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Massachusetts" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Michigan" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Minnesota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Mississippi" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Missouri" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Montana" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_North_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_North_Dakota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Ohio" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Oklahoma" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Oregon" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Pennsylvania" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Rhode_Island" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_South_Carolina" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_South_Dakota" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Tennessee" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Texas" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Utah" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Vermont" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Virginia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington_state" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington state">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_West_Virginia" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wisconsin" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wyoming" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Lists by insular areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_American_Samoa" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Guam" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the United States Minor Outlying Islands">Minor Outlying Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Northern 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href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_the_Marshall_Islands" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in the Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Palau" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Palau">Palau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#A8EDEF;color:black">Other areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington,_D.C." title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Legation,_Tangier" title="American Legation, Tangier">American Legation, Morocco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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